中医英语答案1到4单元

Unit oneA 22-year-old male: Last night the pain was colicky in nature, periumbilical, and rather sporadic. The patient had about five episodes of nausea and vomiting associated with this pain last night. He has been anorectic, has had no bowel movements for two days, and has had no episodes of diarrhea. The pain has since migrated to the right lower quadrant and is steady in nature. He has had a temperature of 100 since yesterday. His blood pressure is 110/82. There have been no episodes of coughing with expectoration, shortness of breath, or burning in the epigastrium. The pertinent physical findings are related to the abdomen. His chest is clear. The patient was lying still in bed, trying to avoid movement as much as possible. There is extreme tenderness in the right lower quadrant, and there was no tenderness on rectal examination. Bowel sounds are markedly decreased.Unit 2Outpatient Clinic Medical Records (9parts):Sample:Name: Wang PingSex: maleAge: 12Clinic Record Number: 0001Date: Mar.27th, 2001Chief complaint:aversion to cold, fever, body ache, a sore throat, a stuffy and running nose. All the symptoms have continued for two days since the day before yesterday.Case history: The boy said that he felt aversion to cold and had a fever due to the sudden coldness on Mar, 25th. Then he had an ache all over and a sore throat, he had a stuffy and running nose. His cough was persistent and nonproductive. He was in good health previously.Examinations and investigations:His temperature is 38.4o C. He has a hyperaemia pharynx [ ♒♋✋☐☜♊❒♓❍✋☜]充血[ ♐✌❒✋☠♦]咽. His lung's respiratory sound becomes louder, but has no dry rale. He has a red tongue with slight yellow coating. His pulse is floating and rapid.Syndrome differentiation and diagnosis:common cold due to wind hot evil attacking the lungsMethod of treatment:clearing away heat, scattering wind, dispersing lung qi and removing exterior evilRecipe:Sang Ju Decoction (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Granule (Beverage)Order: 1) Take the decoction once a day.2) Have a good rest.3) Avoid eating pungent food.UnitFour10. 中药疗效高，大都无毒性，无副作用，是治病强身的良药。

中医英语参考答案中医英语参考答案中医是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，拥有悠久的历史和深厚的理论基础。

随着全球化的进程，中医在国际间的交流与合作越来越频繁。

因此，学习中医英语成为了中医学生和从业者的必备技能之一。

下面将为大家提供一些中医英语的参考答案，帮助大家更好地掌握和运用中医英语。

一、中医基础知识1. What is Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)?Traditional Chinese Medicine, also known as TCM, is a holistic medical system that originated in ancient China. It encompasses various therapies, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, and dietary therapy, to restore balance and promote health.2. What are the key principles of TCM?TCM is based on the principles of Yin and Yang, Qi (vital energy), and the Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water). It emphasizes the balance between these elements and the free flow of Qi in the body for optimal health.3. What is acupuncture?Acupuncture is a technique in which thin needles are inserted into specific points on the body to stimulate and regulate the flow of Qi. It is used to treat various conditions, including pain, digestive disorders, and stress-related issues.4. What are the common herbal medicines used in TCM?TCM utilizes a wide range of herbal medicines, such as ginseng, astragalus, andlicorice root. These herbs are often combined into formulas tailored to individual patients' needs.二、中医疾病诊断与治疗1. How does TCM diagnose diseases?TCM diagnosis involves observing the patient's appearance, listening to their voice and smelling their odor, asking about their medical history and symptoms, and feeling their pulse and examining their tongue. These methods help identify patterns of disharmony and guide treatment.2. What are the treatment methods in TCM?TCM treatment methods include acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, moxibustion (the burning of dried herbs on or near the skin), and Tui Na (Chinese therapeutic massage). These therapies aim to restore balance and promote the body's self-healing abilities.3. Can TCM be used alongside Western medicine?Yes, TCM can be used alongside Western medicine. In fact, an integrated approach that combines the strengths of both systems is often recommended for optimal patient care. It is important for healthcare professionals to communicate and collaborate to ensure the best outcomes for patients.三、中医养生与预防1. What are some common TCM practices for health maintenance?TCM emphasizes the importance of a balanced lifestyle, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and proper rest. Practices such as Qigongand Tai Chi are also popular for promoting overall well-being.2. How can TCM help prevent diseases?TCM believes in the concept of "prevention is better than cure." By maintaining a balanced state of Yin and Yang and ensuring the smooth flow of Qi, TCM aims to prevent the onset of diseases. This can be achieved through lifestyle adjustments, herbal remedies, and regular TCM consultations.四、中医文化与国际交流1. How is TCM being promoted internationally?TCM has gained recognition and popularity worldwide. China has been actively promoting TCM through international conferences, cultural exchanges, and collaborations with foreign institutions. TCM clinics and schools have also been established in many countries to provide access to TCM services and education.2. What are the challenges faced by TCM in international settings?One of the challenges faced by TCM in international settings is the need for standardization and regulation. As TCM becomes more widely practiced, there is a growing demand for quality control and evidence-based research to ensure safety and efficacy.总结：中医英语作为一门专业术语丰富且独特的语言，对于学习和实践中医的人来说至关重要。

中医英语基础教程课后习题English Translation of TCM Medical Terms Unit 1 A brief introduction to traditional Chinese medicine1. traditional Chinese medicine2 .syndrome differentiation and treatment3. holism4. correspondence between man and nature5. returning to the original purity and simplicity/ returning to nature6. symptoms and signs7. syndrome8. dialectical materialism and historical materialism9. side-effect/ adverse-effect10. therapeutic effect/ efficacy/curative effect11. diagnosis and treatment12. symptomatology13. integrated/ combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine5. There would be impossible survival with solitary yin and vice versa.6. waning and waxing of yin and yang7. dynamic change8. quantitative change9. qualitative change10. yin-yang figure/ Taiji figure11. Excess of yin leading to deficiency of yang, or excess of yang leading to deficiency of yin.12. yin within yang, and yang within yin13. materialism14. dynamic balance15. inter-transformation between yin and yang/mutual transformation of yin and yang16. infinite divisibility of yin and yang17. tissues and structure18. physiological function19. the opposition and restriction of yin and yang20. Severe cold will give birth to heat, and severe heat will give birth to cold.Unit 3 Ying -yang Theory in TCM1. The lung has the function of dominating qi and controlling breath.2. the balance/ equilibrium between yin and yang3. The harmony of yin and yang ensures the harmonious life activities while the disassociation of yin and yang will exhaust essence, and eventually, death occurs.4. healthy qi5. pathogenic qi / pathogen/ pathogenic factor6. cold deficiency syndrome /cold syndrome of deficiency7. dry-heat syndrome8. mutual impairment of yin and yang / mutual detriment to yin and yang9. deficiency of yin affecting yang or deficiency of yang affecting yin10. Yin deficiency fails to control yin.11. differentiation according to the eight principlesUnit 4 Five Phase Theory1. five phase theory / five elements theory2. generating, generate /engendering3. restraining , restrict , restriction4 . restriction and transformation5. overwhelming/ over-restriction /over-acting /subjugation6. rebellion / counter-restriction/ reverse-restriction7. Fire is characterized by flaming (up).8. Wood is characterized by growing freely.9. Water is characterized by moistening and flowing downward.10. Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.11. Metal is characterized by change.12. five flavors, five colors, five growth and development , five seasons and five notes13. five sense organs, five body constituents, five emotions and five voices 14. generated/ being generated generating/to generate15. restricted/ being restricted restricting/ to restrict16 .The “generating” element is thought ofa s the “mother”.17. The “generated’ element is as the “child”.18. The disorder of mother-organ affecting/involving the child-organ; the disorder of child-organ affecting/ involving mother-organ19. ecological equilibrium20. mother-child relationshipUnit 5 Five Phase Theory in TCM1 The kidney stores vital essence.2. The kidney controls water metabolism.3. The heart-yang has warming function.4.The liver has the function of smoothing and regulating flow of qi and blood.5. transmission and change6. The liver-fire impairs the lung.7. excessive heart-fire8.exuberance/excess of the heart and liver fire9. nourishing the kidney and liver10. the failure of the spleen in transportation and transformation (脾失运化)11.flushed face and blood-shot ( red) eyes12.reinforcing method for deficiency syndrome13.reducing method for excess syndrome14 to reinforcing the mother-organ in case of asthenia or deficiency15. to purge or reduce excess of the child-organ in case of sthenia or excess 16.Enriching water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to supplement liver yin.17.Enriching earth to generate metal is a therapeutic method to reinforce the spleen qi for the purpose of nourishing lung qi18. Supplementing fire to reinforce earth isa therapeutic method used to warmkidney-yang to invigorate spleen-yang.19.enriching earth to control water20.supporting metal to suppress woodUnit 6 Meridian and Collateral Theory1. meridian and collateral theory2. the twelve regular meridians3. the eight extra meridians4. the fifteen collaterals / collateral vessels5. the twelve divergent meridians/ meridian divergences6. the twelve meridian sinews7. the twelve cutaneous regions8. the lung meridian of hand Taiying (LU)9. the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming (LI)10. the stomach meridian of foot Yangming (ST)11. the spleen meridian of foot Taiyin (SP)12. the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin (HT)13. the small intestine of hand Taiyang (SI)14. the bladder meridian of foot Taiyang(BL)15. the kidney meridian of foot Shaoyin (KI)16. the pericardium meridian of hand Jueyin (PC)17. the triple energizer meridian of hand Shaoyang (TE)18. the gallbladder meridian of foot Shaoyang (GB)19. the liver meridian of foot Jueyin (LR)20. Governor Vessel GV21. Conception Vessel CV22. Thoroughfare Vessel TV23. Belt Vessel BV24. Yin Heel Vessel Yin HV25. Yang Heel Vessel Yang HV26. Yin Link Vessel Yin LV27. Yang Link Vessel Yang LV28. tertiary collaterals29. the superficial collaterals30. the convergence of yang meridians31. Chong meridian/ Thoroughfare Vessel TV32.To have an interior-exteriorrelationship33.Transversely and longitudinally, the meridians and collaterals cross with each other in both the interior and exterior of the body.34.transporting qi and blood and regulating yin and yang35.the passage for pathogen transmission36.transmitting needling sensation37.regulating deficiency and excess conditions38.meridian tropism of herbsUnit 7 Viscera Manifestations Theory1. the theory of viscera manifestations2.the five zang-organs the six fu-organs the extraordinary organs3.the heart， the liver， the spleen ，the lung， the kidney4. the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, urinary bladder and triple energizers5. Classic on Difficult Issues of Medicine6. the brain, marrow, bones, blood vessels, gallbladder, and uterus7. the dysfunction of viscera8. the meridians and collaterals9. the interior-exterior relationship10. to transport and digest water and food11. The kidney stores vital essence.12. The liver stores blood.13. the deficiency/ asthenic syndrome14. .Excess syndrome of the zang-organ can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organ. /The sthenia syndrome of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs.15. receiving16. Deficiency syndrome of the fu-organ can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organ. /The asthenia syndrome of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the corresponding zang-organs.17. syndrome differentiation and treatment18. The internal organs are bound to giveoutward manifestations.19. Fu-organs function well when unobstructed.20. Anger impairs the liver; over-joy impairs the heart; thought impairs the spleen; sorrow impairs the lung; fear impairs the kidney.Unit 8 The Five Zang Organs Section (A) 1. control /govern/dominate/be responsible for/in charge of2. opening into3 having its outward manifestation on / flourishing on /some organ’s conditions are manifested/ reflected on4.The heart controls blood and vessels.5 The tongue is the mirror of the heart.6 the insufficiency of the heart blood7. There is an interior-exterior relationship between the heart and small intestine. The spleen controls blood.8. rosy complexion9. Liver qi is in communication with theeyes.10. disharmony between the liver and spleen11. The liver stores blood.12. the liver-qi invading the stomach13. stagnation of liver-qi14. innate essence15. acquired essence16. The kidney stores essence and controls human reproduction, growth and development.17. The kidney controls the reception of qi.18. The deficiency of kidney essence19. metabolism20. insomniaUnit 9 The Five Zang Organs Section (B) 1. The lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing.2. The lung is a convergence of all the vessels.3. The qi in autumn is in communication with the lung.4. The lung dominates qi of the whole body.5. the lung regulating the water passages6. failure of the lung in dispersing and descending7. The lung opens at the nose.8. The lung has an exterior and interior relationship with the large intestine.9. the upper source of water10. external pathogenic factors11. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh.12. food essence13. governing transportation and transformation14. The spleen controls blood.15. The spleen dominates the muscles.16. the four extremities17. The spleen opening at the mouth and flourishing on the lips18. source of qi and blood19. haemorrhage20. The spleen has an exterior and interior relationship with the stomachUnit 10 The relationships among the Zang andFu organs1. Zang has an exterior and interior relationship with fu organs.2. fire of excess type in the heart meridian3. Excess heat in the small intestine may ascend via its meridian to burn the heart4. The meridians of the lung and large intestine are connected to form the interior-exterior relationship.5. difficulty in defecation/in discharging faces6. asthmatic cough7. The spleen governing transportation and transformation8. fullness and distention in the epigastrium9. The kidney is known as “the water zang viscus”, the bladder is known as “the water fu viscus”, 10. The urinary bladder governs storing and excreting urine.11. The normal/proper opening and closing of the bladder12. The bladder has the power to control urination.13. urinary incontinence14. frequent urination stagnation of heat15. alternating between states of fullness and emptiness16. the dysfunction of the stomach in descent and that of the spleen in transportation and transformation17. Purgative therapy plays a reinforcing role in treatment of dysfunction of the six fu-organs.18. consumption of body fluid19. causing overflow of bile and jaundice20. separating the clear from the turbid Unit 11 Qi, Blood and Body Fluid1. qi, blood, body fluid and vitality2. primordial qi3. pectoral qi4. nutrient/nourishing qi5. defensive qi6. qi transformation7. functional activities of qi8. innate/congenital essence9. congenital deficiency10. consumption of primodial qi due to a prolonged illness11. Pectoral qi is known as promoting qi12. defending the body against external pathogenic factors13. Qi dominates warmth .14. Qi produces blood.15. Qi acts as the commander of blood, and blood as the mother of qi16. Qi promotes the blood circulation.17. Blood dominates nourishment and moisture.18. Qi can consolidate body fluid.19. acquired essence20. consolidating function of qi21. getting rid of the stale and taking in the fresh22. ascending, descending, entering and exiting 升、降、出、入23. Body fluid and blood have the same source.24. Harmonious circulation of blood ensures the vigorous spirit25. Those who suffer from blood loss hardly perspire and those who perspire a lot have less blood than normal26. Heavy loss of body fluid is followed by exhaustion of qi.Unit 12 Etiology1. etiology2 six climatic pathogenic factors (six excesses)3. six natural factors4. vaccination5. a life long immunity6. improper diet7. parasitology8. internal damage by intemperance of the seven emotions9. Excessive joy impairs the heart.10. Excessive anger impairs the liver.11.Excessive thought impairs the spleen.12.Excessive sorrow impairs the lung.13. Excessive fear impairs the kidney.14. unhygienic diet15. physical overstrain16. mental overstrain17.sexual overstrain18. maladjustment of work and rest19. incised wound20. phlegm-fluid retention21.impeded flow of blood22.internal cause, external cause, and cause neither internal nor /endopathogens ,exophathogens, non-exoendopathogens23 trauma24. artificial immunityUnit 13 Pathogenesis external.1. pathogenesis2. excess/sthenia; deficiency/asthenia3. excess syndrome ;deficiency syndrome4 complicated syndrome of excess anddeficiency5. excess complicated with deficiency6. struggle between vital-qi (healthy qi) and pathogenic factors7. Failure of healthy-qi in conquering pathogenic factors8. domination of vital-qi over pathogenic factors9. transforming from excess syndrome to deficiency one10. relative excess (predominance) of yin or yang11. relative decline (deficiency) of yin or yang12. exhaustion of vital- essence resulting in deficiency syndrome13. mutual consumption of yin and yang14. yin deficiency involving (affecting) yang15. mutual rejection between yin and yang16. Yin is kept externally by yang-excess in the interior.17. real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms18. excess in reality with pseudo-deficiency symptoms19. depletion of yin and yang20. disorder of functional activities of qi Unit 14 General Description of TCM Diagnostics1. diagnostics2. clinical diagnosis3. diagnostic methods4. observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, pulse-taking and palpation5. complexion6. constitution/physique7. tongue conditions (conditions of the tongue); tongue fur (coating)8. secretion (secreta)9. excretion (excreta)10. history of present illness (PI) (present illness)11. past history (PH)12. chief complaint (CC)13. duration(course) of disease14. menstruation/ menses15. leucorrhea16. pregnancy and delivery of baby17. auscultation and olfaction18. palpation and pulse-taking19. to survey hard mass/lump20 eight-principle syndrome differentiation/syndrome differentiation according to eight-principles 21 qi, blood and body fluid syndrome differentiation22. visceral syndrome differentiation23.six-meridian syndrome differentiation24. triple-energizer syndrome differentiation25 wei-qi-ying-xue differentiation26. concept of holism27 combination of four diagnostic methods/synthetic use of four diagnostic methods /four diagnostic methods in combination28. combination of differentiation of disease with syndrome differentiation/ combining disease differentiation with syndrome differentiation29. differential diagnosis30. pathological and physiological characteristics31. location of disease nature of disease Unit 17 TCM Life Cultivation1. TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation2. adaptation to nature3.harmony between man and nature4.adaptation to seasons5. nourishing yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter.6. conforming to geography7. conforming to society8. One is always happy if one is content with one’s lot.9. unity of physique and spirit10. simultaneous cultivation of spirit and physique11.interdependence of motion and motionlessness12. healthy qi as the base13. Relative excess of qi and blood exists in the liver in spring14.five emotions15. health and longevity16.holism17. life cultivation and health care18. tissues and organs19. lost spirit20. regulation of the mindUnit 18 The Characters and Actions of Chinese Medicinals1. Chinese materia medica2. pharmacology3. four natures /properties and five flavors4. a drug of cold nature / a drug cold in nature/ a cold-natured drug5. clearing heat and purging fire6. detoxication/ removing/ eliminating toxic substances7. dispersing cold8. warming up the interior9. supporting/reinforcing yang10. treating collapse/recuperating depleted yang to rescue patients from collapse11. pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty12. dispersing qi and promoting the circulation of qi and blood13. relieving superficies/superficial syndrome by means of diaphoresis14. nourishing, replenishing, tonifying and enriching15. harmonizing the natures of different drugs16. relieving spasm and pain17. constipation due to dry intestine18. astringing to arrest discharge19. sending down adverse flow of qi20. relieving constipation by purgation21. softening and resolving hard mass22. exterior wind-heat syndrome23. ascending, descending, floating and sinking24. inducing vomiting25. checking exuberance of yang26. improving digestion by removing stagnated food(retention of food)27. tranquilization with heavy material28. in correspondence with the location of disease but in opposition to the tendencies of disease29. calming down and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver yang30. hyperactivity of the liver-yang31. modification according to symptoms32. texture33. processing drugs34. compatibility35. meridian tropism36. toxicity37 toxic38. slightly toxic39. extremely poisonous40. deadly poisonous41. dose (一次量) ； dosage42. obstinate disease43. to fight poison with poison/to counteract one toxin with another44. Chinese patent drug45. ingredients and actions46. indications47. administration and dosage48. contraindications49. side-effect/ adverse effect /unhealthy effect50. expiry to/ validityUnit 19 Science of Formulas1. theory of prescriptions2. common forms of prescriptions/formula3. routes of administration4.the functions of the formula5. oral administration6. fumigation and steaming ； gargling7. porwder8. taken orally with warm boiled water9. sprinkling on a sore10. bolus11. drug aromatic in flavor12. honeyed bolus13. water-paste pill。

中医英语一-回复-回复中医英语一回复中医是中国传统医学系统的一部分，用于治疗和预防疾病的方法和理论。

中医通常以自然疗法为主，在调整人体的自身能力和自然元素之间取得平衡的基础上进行治疗。

中医强调整体观念，认为人体是一个与环境相互作用的整体。

为了更好地理解中医，我们需要掌握一些基本的中医英语用词和表达。

以下是一些常见的中医英语词汇及其解释：1. 中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM): 中国传统医学系统，包括中药、针灸、推拿、气功、食疗等多种治疗方法。

2. 中药(Chinese Herbal Medicine): 采用天然草药为治疗手段的中医疗法，具有调节人体阴阳平衡的作用。

3. 针灸(Acupuncture): 一种利用针刺穴位来调节身体功能的治疗方法，被认为可以平衡体内的气血循环。

4. 推拿(Tuina Massage): 一种利用手法按摩来治疗和预防疾病的传统医学疗法，对解除肌肉紧张和促进循环有显著作用。

5. 气功(Qigong): 一种通过调节呼吸和运动来平衡身体能量的传统练习方法，被广泛用于中医治疗中。

6. 食疗(Dietary Therapy): 一种利用特定食物和饮食方式来调节身体功能和预防疾病的中医疗法，被认为可以通过调整饮食来改善健康状态。

以上仅为中医英语中的一部分词汇，掌握这些基本词汇将有助于更好地了解和交流中医方面的内容。

除此之外，还需要了解中医的理论和原理，才能更好地理解其治疗方法和效果。

中医的理论基础主要包括：阴阳学说、五行学说、经络系统和气血学说。

理解这些理论有助于了解中医的治疗原理和方式。

阴阳学说认为宇宙和人体都有阴阳之分，阴阳是相对的概念，维持阴阳平衡是人体健康的基础。

五行学说是中医理论中的重要部分，它将万事万物分为五个元素：木、火、土、金和水。

每个元素都与脏腑经络系统相关联，相互影响。

经络系统是中医理论中的重要组成部分，认为人体内有一套能量通路，叫做经络。

第一单元1,临床经验clinical experience2,辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation3,四气五味four properties and five tastes4,针灸acupuncture and moxibustion5,补土派School of Reinforcing the Earth寒凉派School of cold and cool攻下派School of purgation滋阴派School of nourishing yin6,治疗原则therapeutic principles7,寒凉药物herbs cold and cool8,中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。

TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases9, 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。

Hang di’s Inner Canon has laid a foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.10, 阳常有余，阴常不足。

Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.11,金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。

In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called “four great physicians ”in medical school.12, 刘完素认为“火热”为主要病因，用药以寒凉为主。

中医英语参考答案中医英语参考答案中医是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，具有悠久的历史和丰富的理论体系。

中医的独特之处在于其注重整体观念和个体化治疗。

随着全球化的发展，中医在国际舞台上的地位也越来越重要。

因此，了解中医的英语术语和相关知识对于中医的传播和交流至关重要。

下面是一些中医英语参考答案，希望能对学习中医的同学有所帮助。

1. What is Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)?Traditional Chinese Medicine, also known as TCM, is a comprehensive medical system that has been practiced in China for thousands of years. It is based on the philosophy of balancing the body's energy, known as Qi, and promoting overall health and wellbeing. TCM includes various treatment modalities such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, dietary therapy, and exercise.2. What is Qi?Qi is a fundamental concept in TCM. It refers to the vital energy or life force that flows through the body's meridian system. In TCM, good health is believed to be the result of a smooth and balanced flow of Qi. Any disruption or blockage in the flow of Qi can lead to illness or disease.3. What is acupuncture?Acupuncture is a key component of TCM. It involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of Qi and restore balance. Acupuncture is commonly used to alleviate pain, improve circulation, andpromote overall wellbeing.4. What are the principles of herbal medicine in TCM?Herbal medicine is an important aspect of TCM. It is based on the use of natural substances, such as plants, minerals, and animal products, to restore balance and treat various health conditions. The principles of herbal medicine in TCM include the concept of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements theory, and the classification of herbs based on their properties and functions.5. How does TCM view the human body?TCM views the human body as an interconnected system where the mind, body, and spirit are closely linked. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining balance and harmony within the body to achieve optimal health. TCM also recognizes the influence of external factors, such as climate, environment, and emotions, on a person's health.6. What are some common TCM treatment modalities?In addition to acupuncture and herbal medicine, TCM utilizes various treatment modalities to restore balance and promote health. These include dietary therapy, which emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet tailored to individual needs; Tui Na massage, a form of therapeutic massage that focuses on the body's meridian system; and Qigong, a mind-body practice that combines movement, meditation, and breathing exercises.7. Is TCM effective?TCM has been practiced for thousands of years and has a long history oftreating various health conditions. While scientific research on TCM is still ongoing, many studies have shown promising results in terms of its effectiveness. TCM is particularly known for its holistic approach and individualized treatment plans, which take into account the unique needs of each patient.8. Can TCM be integrated with Western medicine?Yes, TCM can be integrated with Western medicine. In fact, many healthcare systems around the world are now recognizing the value of integrating traditional and modern medical approaches. Integrative medicine, which combines the best of both worlds, allows for a more comprehensive and personalized approach to healthcare.总结：中医是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，具有独特的理论体系和治疗方法。

第一单元1,临床经验clinical experience2,辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation3,四气五味four properties and five tastes4,针灸acupuncture and moxibustion5,补土派School of Reinforcing the Earth寒凉派School of cold and cool攻下派School of purgation滋阴派School of nourishing yin6,治疗原则therapeutic principles7,寒凉药物herbs cold and cool8,中国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。

TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases9, 《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。

Hang di’s Inner Canon has laid a foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.10, 阳常有余，阴常不足。

Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.11,金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。

In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called “four great physicians ”in medical school.12, 刘完素认为“火热”为主要病因，用药以寒凉为主。

医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案Chapter 1Human Body as a WholeMedical TerminologyLearn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixes and write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland2. inflammation of the adrenal gland3. pertaining to medicine4. pertaining to biology5. pertaining to chemistry6. pertaining to the blood vessel7. pertaining to cells8. pertaining to molecules9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing10. the study of the living thing11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing12. the study of the heart13. the disease of the heart14. the record of the heart waves15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands16. pertaining to the production of hormone17. the study of inner gland secretion18. the red blood cell19. the white blood cell20. the lymph cell21. the study of cell22. the study of chemistry of cell23. the study of biology of cell25. the tumor of the embryo26. the study of the disease of the embryo27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands28. pertaining to the inside of the heart29. pertaining to the inside of the cell30. above the skin31. above the skin32. inflammation of the skin33. red blood cells34. instrument of measuring red blood cells35. to breathe out the waste gas36. to drive somebody or something out37. to spread outside38. sth that produces diseases39. the study of blood40. blood cells41. the study of tissues42. the study of tissue pathology43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment44. pertaining to the base45. pertaining to the toxin46. pertaining to symptoms47. the study of body’s auto protection from diseases48. protected from49. deficiency in the immune system of the body50. substance from the adrenal gland51. water from it52. the study of societies53. the study of urinary system55. lymph cells56. tumor of the lymphatic system57. the study of the lymphatic system58. the study of physical growth59. a doctor of internal medicine60. treatment by physiological methods61. the new growth ,tumor62. the study of mind63. abnormal condition of the mind64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland67. the inflammation of the thyroid gland68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences69. cut open the bone70.to cut the heart open71. pertaining to the blood vessel72. inflammation of the blood vessel73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vesselKey to the Exercises B.1.（embryo）embryology2. (process/condition) mechanism3.(heart) cardiovascular4. (color) chromatin5.(secretion) endocrinology6. (cell) cytology7.(sth. that produces or is produced) pathogen9. (the study of) psychology10. (pertaining to) regularLanguage Points:put together组成 known as 叫做 joints between bones关节to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动hip joint髋关节 flexible有韧性的 cushioning缓冲 replaced by bone 骨化one bone moves in relation to the other两骨彼此靠近产生运动 contents物质nourishment营养物质 function发挥功能waste products废物 accumulate积聚poison the body危害生命 distributes运送needed materials有用的物质 unneeded ones废物is made up of包括 protect…against foreign invaders防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）identical对等的 receives吸收traveled through流经 forced out压送reenter流入 directly直接地channels 管道 filters过滤larynx喉管 trachea气管two lungs左右肺 very large number of 大量的air spaces肺泡 release释放出extending 延伸到 broken down分解absorbed into吸收进 chewing咀嚼 esophagus食管Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B.1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.)2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the bodytemperature constant.)3. (The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all body cells while removing wasteones.)4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.)5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical procedures.)6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.)7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.)8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts ofthe body to be carried out.)9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keepactive male sex cells.)10. (The largest of the body’s organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with acomplete layer.)Key to the Section A Passage 1 Exercises E.1.cardiovascular diseases2. function of the pituitary3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea / difficulty in respiration 8. saliva9. histology 10. blood circulation11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive15. nervous cells 16. immunology17. indigestion / poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologySection B, Passage 2 Cells and TissuesLanguage PointsOrganized组（构）成 arranged in to构成 in turn are grouped into又进一步组成serves its specific有特定的 bear in mind记住 result from源于 billions亿万determind确立 fit on合在一起 by contrast相比之下 machinary机构while normally在正常情况下 function with great efficiency高效地发挥作用 are subject to易于发生 result in导致 millionth百万分之一equal等于 average一般 a speck barely visible基本上看不见的一个小点 The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。