孙伟职称英语讲义——3.时态及特殊疑问句的构成
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英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) (1) 一般现在时 1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2. 基本形式(以do为例): 第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数); 肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他; He works for us. 否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他; He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。 肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主语+do/does).
否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us.
(2) 一般过去时 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
be动词+行为动词的过去式 否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not; was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词 例如: Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.
(3) 一般将来时 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形; 例如:He is going to work for us. He will work for us; He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!!
四大时态句型结构一、一般现在时: 经常或习惯性的动作(1) 含有be动词的句型肯定句——主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他. eg: I am Chinese.否定句——主语+be not +其他. eg: I am not a boy.一般疑问句——Be+主语+其他. eg: Are you a girl?特殊疑问句——特殊疑问词+be (am, is, are )+主语+其他?eg:Why is your Mum so angry? What’s your name? How old are you? (2) 含有实意动词的句型肯定句——主语+动原+其他. (单三人称作主语时,动词要用相应的单三人称形式。
) eg: I (He) often get (gets) up early.否定句——主语+don't+动原+其他. (单三人称作主语时,don't变doesn't。
) eg: I (She) don’t (doesn’t) like him.一般疑问句——DO+主语+动原+其他. (单三作主语时,do变does)eg: Do (Does) you (she) like playing basketball?特殊疑问句——特殊疑问词+助动词(do或does)+主语+动词原形+其他?eg:Where do you study English? What do you do ?(3) 含有情态动词can的句型(只要遇见can,无论主语是什么人称,动词一律用原型。
)肯定句——主语+can+动原+其他. eg:I(She)can swim.否定句——主语+can't(can not)+动原+其他. eg: I (They) can't speak English.一般疑问句——Can+主语+动原+其他. eg: Can you (he) see the bird in the tree?特殊疑问句——特殊疑问词+情态动词(can)+主语+动词原形+其他?eg:What can I do for you?关键词: sometimes=at times有时,often经常, usually通常, always总是,every day每天, on Sunday afternoon在周日下午, five days a week一周五天, three times a month一个月三次…二、现在进行时: 正在发生的动作或存在的状态肯定句——主语+be+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他. eg: I am reading now.否定句——主语+be not+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他. eg: I am not working.一般疑问句——Be +主语+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他? eg: Are you sleeping?特殊疑问句——特殊疑问词+ be +主语+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他?eg:What are you doing?关键词:now现在, at the moment此刻, look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.三、一般将来时: 将要发生的动作(1)含有will的句型肯定句——主语+will+动词原型+其他. eg: I will call you later.否定句——主语+will not +动词原型+其他. eg: I will not go to the park.一般疑问句——Will +主语+动词原型+其他. Will you go shopping with her?特殊疑问句——特殊疑问词+will +主语+动词原形+其它?(will 可改为be going to ,疑问句中当主语是第一人称时will改为shall)(2)含有be going to 的句型肯定句——主语+be(am / is / are) + going to +动词原形+其它.否定句——主语+be(am / is / are)+not + going to +动词原形+其它.一般疑问句——Be(am / is / are) +主语+ going to +动词原形+其它?特殊疑问句——特殊疑问词+ be(am / is / are) +主语+ going to +动词原形+其它?关键词:tomorrow, next year明年, tonight今晚, this year今年, at the end of this term这学期期末, from now on从现在开始, soon一会儿马上, later后稍后,in three days三天之内, in the future未来…四、一般过去时: 过去发生的动作强调时间(1)含有be动词的句型肯定句——主语+be(was,were)+其他. eg: I was born on July.1st, 2000.否定句——主语+be(was,were) not+其他. eg: I was not born in 1999.一般疑问句—Be(was,were)+主语+其他? eg: Were you born in January?特殊疑问句—特殊疑问词+ be(was,were)+主语+其他. eg: When was he born?(2)含有实意动词过去式的句型肯定句——主语+动词的过去式+其他. eg: Lily went shopping yesterday.否定句——主语+did not+动原+其他. eg: He did not go to school today.一般疑问句——Did+主语+动原+其他? eg:Did she pass the test?特殊疑问句—特殊疑问词+did+主语+动原+其他. eg:Where did you go yesterday?关键词:yesterday昨天,last week上周, last year去年, 一段时间+ago如ten years ago十年前five hours ago五小时前, in +年/月,on+具体日期...Just now=a moment ago刚才,in the old days从前, long ago很久以前...。
英语中的十六种时态(1)一般现在时基本形式(以do为例):第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;He works for us.否定句:主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他;He doesn't work for us.一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does).否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesn'tWhat does he do for us?He works for us.(2)一般过去时be动词+行为动词的过去式否定句式:在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词例如: Did he work for us?He didn't work for us.He worked for us.(3)一般将来时am/are/is+going to+do 或will/shall+doam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;一般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形be able to +不定式be about to+动词原形will + 动词原形;例如:He is going to work for us.He will work for us;He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!(4)过去将来时be(was,were)going to+动词原形be(was,were)about to+动词原形be(was,were)to+动词原形肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?He would work for us.(5)现在进行时主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。
英语共有十六个时态、四个体。
(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
)(1)一般现在时1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本形式(以do为例):第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;He works for us.否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;He doesn't work for us.一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does).否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesn'tWhat does he do for us?He works for us.(2)一般过去时1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
be动词+行为动词的过去式否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词例如:Did he work for us?He didn't work for us.He worked for us.(3)一般将来时1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
am/are/is+going to+do 或will/shall+doam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;一般将来时的表达方法be going to +动词原形be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形be able to +不定式be about to+动词原形will + 动词原形;例如:He is going to work for us.He will work for us;He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!(4)过去将来时概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。