高考英语定语从句讲解及练习

高中英语定语从句汇总讲解◆英语谚语欣赏1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.2. It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.一、概念：1、定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

功能相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those 等代词。

数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。

3、注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。

There are many places that we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

关系副词：when, where, why在从句中只作状语。

that偶尔也作关系副词。

5、定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。

二、几个关系代词的基本用法：（一）that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? (主语)2. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）3. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）（二）which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）4. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）（三）who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

1. All who heard the story were amazed. （主语）(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)2. He's a man from whom we should learn. （宾语）= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.3. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）4. I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）（四）关系代词作介词宾语:关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。

关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.）1. This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book (that/which) you asked for.2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?3. The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.4. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。

look at, look for, look after, take care of等)（五）as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。

如：1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

2. Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.4. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。

（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.※As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）※He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)三、关系副词引导的定语从句:（一）When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）1.He came last night when I was out.2. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:1）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.（作状语）2）I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）3）I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.（作主语）（二）Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词是表示地点的名词。

如：place, school, factory, room, etc.1. This is the place where I was born.2. I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: ※1）This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）2）I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.3）He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.※This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）（三）Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。