2016B3U5North-Warming up-reading

Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre­reading Now many hospitals suggest that we use the letters DR ABC to remember what to do when dealing with an emergency. Do you know what they stand for？Now read the following passage to get the answer.The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency (紧急情况) is to stay calm. By staying calm we will be able to think what to do and make better decisions.Many hospitals suggest that we use the letters DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think fast. D stands for danger. We should first of all make sure that the accident scene is no longer dangerous. If we were to get hurt trying to save someone, we would not be able to help. R is for response. We can do a lot of good by simply asking “Are you all right？” If the person can answer, we know that he or she is conscious and can breathe. The question will also calm the person, letting him or her know that help is on the way.A is for airway (呼吸道). We must make sure that a person's airway is open and it is easy to breathe. This can be done by gently tipping the person's head backslightly. B is for breathing. We should check that the person can breathe. Is his or her chest moving？If the person is not breathing, we must try to start his or her breathing at once, using the mouth­to­mouth method. If this is not done within five minutes, the person will die. If a person is breathing but not conscious, it is usually best for him or her not to be moved. C is for circulation (循环；环流)．Is the person's blood circulating？We can look for colour, coughing, and eye movement. We can also check a person's pulse (脉搏) by putting a finger on the person's neck or wrist.This is what we call DR ABC, which can remind us of what to focus on when there is an emergency.Warming Up1.Look at the pictures and tell what happened.(1)The girl in Picture A cut_her_finger.(2)The girl in Picture B burnt_her_hand.(3)The man in Picture C got_an__electric_shock.(4)The woman in Picture D was_drowning.2．Nowadays there are a lot of unexpected accidents.What would you do in such situations?(1)What kind of first aid should you give to a snake bite?①The_person_bitten_must_get_a_doctor_or_go_to_hospital_at_once.②Speed_is_very_important.③It_will_help_the_doctor_greatly_if_you_can_tell_him_what_kind_of_snake_it_was,_or_describe_the_situation.(2)What kind of first aid should you give to bleeding?①Try_to_stop_the_bleeding.②Press_a_handkerchief_onto_the_bleeding_point_and_hold_it_there.③Hold_up_the_part_of_body_which_is_bleeding_if_possible.(3)What kind of first aid should you give to a sprainedankle?①Tied_with_medical_bandage.②It_is_better_to_avoid_walking_with_the_injured_ankle.③It_is_correct_to_use_ice_bag_for_removing_pain_and_bleeding,_and_also_not_influence_our_own_body_healing.(4)What kind of first aid should you give to a choke?To_treat_a_choke,_you_should_make_him/her_spit_by_patting_him/her_on_the_back.(5)What kind of first aid should you giveto a broken arm?①Do_not_move_the_patient.②Support_the_broken_arm_in_the_most_comfortable_position.③Get_medical_help_immediately.Fast Reading1．Read the text quickly and complete the main idea of it.The text mainly introduces (1)three types of burns and their characteristics as well as how to give (2)first_aid_treatment when burns happen.2．Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.(1)In the text, burns are sorted according to the ________ of the skin burned.A．layer B．functionC．type D．area(2)Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text?A．It protects you against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.B．It helps the heart beat.C．It can keep you warm or cool.D．It prevents your body from losing water and gives the sense of touch.(3)When cooling burns, cool water is used to do the following EXCEPT ________.A．stop the burning processB．prevent the pain becoming unbearableC．reduce swellingD．prevent any blisters being broken(4)Which of the following first aid treatment is RIGHT according to the text?A．Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn.B．Do not put cold water on second degree burns.C．If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.D．If the injuries are second degree burns, it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.(5)If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred, it belongs to________.A．the first degree B．the second degreeC．the third degree D．none of the above答案：(1)～(5) ABDCCCareful Reading1．Read the text carefully and then fill in the blanks.BurnsCauseshot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity orchemicals(1)Types First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burnsCharacteristics◆dry, red andmildly(2)swollen◆mildly painful◆turn (3)whitewhen pressed◆rough, red andswollen◆blisters◆(4)watery surface◆extremely painful◆black and whiteand charred◆swollen; often(5)tissue underthem can be seen◆little or nopain if (6)nervesare damaged; maybe pain aroundedge of injuredareaFirst aid treatment◆Take off clothing and (7)jewellery near the burn.◆Place(8)cool,_clean, wetcloths on them untilthe pain decreases.◆Place cool clothson the burned arearepeatedly for(9)an_hour or so.◆Send the victim to the doctor orhospital at once.◆(10)Dry the burned area gently.◆Cover the burned area with a dry, clean (11)bandage.◆Keep burned arms or legs (12)higher than the heart.2．The text can be divided into five parts.Then find out the main idea of each part.Part 1：The_importance_of_skinPart 2：Causes_of_burnsPart 3：Types_of_burnsPart 4：Characteristics_of_burnsPart 5：First_aid_treatmentSummaryFill in the blanks according to the text.The skin, which acts as a barrier 1.against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays, is an essential part of your body. So if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.Depending on 2.which_ layers of the skin are burned, they are called first, second, third degree burns.First degree burns make an effect 3.on only the top layer of the skin and it turns white when 4.pressed (press)．Second degree burns include severe sunburn and burns 5.caused (cause) by hot liquids.Third degree burns cause little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.If possible, we should do some first aid.First, remove clothing using scissors if necessary 6.unless it is stuck to the burn.Take off other clothing near the burn.Cool burns immediately with cool 7.but not icy water which prevents the pain becoming 8.unbearable (bear) and reduces swelling.It is helpful to squeeze cool cloths 9.out_from a basin and place them on the burned area over and over again.Holdthe bandage 10.in place with tape if stly, it is vital that we should get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once if the situation becomes worse and worse.DiscussionDiscuss in groups of four to see whether the following is right or wrong.If it's wrong, explain why and give the correct statement.Sam knocked over a kettle full of boiling wateronto his legs.His legs became red, swollen and covered with blisters.Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin.Wrong.Sam_should_not_have_broken_the_blisters_because_the_burns_could_beco me_infected.He_should_have_poured_cool_water,_not_icy_water_on_the_burn.。

Unit 5Exercise 1(建议用时： 15 分钟 )阅读理解AIn Canada you can find dogs， cats， horses and so on， in almost everyfamily.These are their pets.People love these pets and have them as their goodfriends.Before they keep them in their houses ，they take them to animal hospitalsto give them injections so that they won’ t have diseases.They have specialanimal food stores， though they can get animal food in almost every kind ofstore.Some people spend around two hundred Canadian dollars a month on animal food.When you visit people ’s houses， they would be very glad to show you their pets and they are very proudof them.You will also find that almost every family has a bird feeder in the garden.All kinds of birds are welcomed to come and have a good meal.They are free to come and go and nobody is allowed to kill any animal in Canada.They have a law against killing wild animals.If you killed an animal，you would be punished.If an animal happened to get run over by a car ， people would be very sad about it.People in Canada have many reasons to like pets.One of them might be ： their family ties are not as close as ours.When children grow up ， they leave their parents and start their own life.Then the old will feel lonely.And pets can solve this problem.They can be good friends and never leave them alone.1.People give their pets injections before keeping them at their houses because __________.A.the pets are sickB.the pets are not friendlyC.they want them to be differentD.they want to stop them from having diseases分析：细节理解题。

Global WarmingTask One: Greenhouse EffectThe “greenhouse effect” is a widely used phrase these days. We all know that it means the general phenomenon of rising temperatures.Today, our world is hotter than it has been for 2000 years. By the end of the century, if current trend continues, the global temperature will be likely to climb higher than at any time in the past 2 Million years.Firstly we will investigate in detail global warming caused by the greenhouse effect. But before we start, let me fill you in on some basics concerning the greenhouse effect.Solar radiation interacts with the surface of the Earth in several ways. Some portion of this energy is reflected back into space by the earth atmosphere. Another portion is dispersed and scattered by the molecules in the atmosphere and a large portion penetrates the atmosphere to reach the surface of the earth. The radiation reaching the Earth surface is largely absorbed resulting in surface warming. As they leave the earth, and once again interact with the atmosphere. Some of the reradiated energy escapes into space but most of it is reflected back to the earth surface by molecules in the earth atmosphere. This phenomenon is similar to the warming and cursing of a car thatis parked outside on the sunny day. The molecules responsible for this phenomenon are called green house gases. In essence, green house gases act like an insulator or blanket above the earth keeping the heat in. Increasingly concentration of these gases increases atmosphere’s ability t o grow or escape the infrared radiation. In other words, the earth’s insulator gases get thicker. That is what we called the “greenhouse effect”.Task Two: Climate ChangeAn environmental studies professor at Stanford University says, “(Quote) There’s no w ay. There’s anything natural that can explain it.” A professor of atmospheric sciences at MIT says, it’s part of the natural warming and cooling a planet goes through. Well, they’re talking about transitions in the earth’s temperature, something Carl Azuz now boils down to the basics.(Carl Azuz)In a world that’s always changing,there’s one thing that ma ny folks want to stay the same: the temperature. A change of just a couple degrees, can make a world of difference, and not necessarily a good one. The Ea rth’s average temperature fluctuates, going through both warming and cooling periods. The last cooling off period was between 1945 and 1975.Since then, though, things have been steadily heating up. And mostscientists point to Arctic ice melting as proof; something Anderson Cooper saw firsthand.(Anderson Cooper)Already in the last 30 years, at least 400,000 square miles of sea ice has melted. That’s about the size of Texas and California combined. And as the ice melts it affects sea levels around the world, which impacts tens of millions of people.(Azuz)What’s controversial about climate change is whether peop le have anything to do with it. A change in the Earth’s orbit or the sun’s radiation could cause global warming.But so could an increase in greenhouse gases.The Earth needs these gases to maintain a warm, livable environment. But they contain carbon dioxide, which has increased dramatically over the last couple centuries. This may be due to car emissions, burning fossil fuels, deforestation. Many scientists blame all of it for causing the world to warm up. But is it all just theory, another planetary “summer” before “fall”,or are we headed for severe drought, consuming fires and melted ice caps?Task Three: Cracks in the Ice(Carl Azuz)Hi, I’m Ca rl Azuz. However you are watching this edition ofCNN Student News, we’re glad you are. Thanks for tuning in this Thursday.(Azuz)First up, we’re heading south to Antarctica, where it’s cold, but apparently not cold enough. A huge chunk of ice broke away from the continent this week, and some scientists are blaming it. on the changing climate. Now, since Antarctica is south of the equator, summer just ended down there. So, this is the time when major events like this are most likely to happen. Emily Chang has more details now on the icy breakup.(Emily Chang)Scientists fly over a giant chunk of Antarctic ice as it cracks and collapses. The chunk is enormous, about 7 times the size of Manhattan, 160 square miles. It was part of the Wilkins ice shelf, the biggest on Antarctica yet, scientists say, to fall victim to global warming.(David V aughn, British Antarctic Survey)Watching Wilkins ice shelf disappear at the moment, we learn a lot more about how ice responds to climate change.(Chang)The ice is just a small fraction of the Antarctic ice sheet, but it broke off well before scientists predicted, a sign they say thatclimate change might be happening faster than expected. One expert told us last year.(Lonnie Thompson, Glaciologist)I think what we do know is that ice is probably the best sensor of these large scale changes taking place. And in many ways, I think we’re in uncharted territory.(Chang)Ice plays a vital role in cooling the Earth’s temperature and regulating sea levels. As it’s lost,the planet gets warmer, sea levels rise and more ice is threatened. A vicious environmental circle!By the end of the century, many experts project sea levels will rise between 7 and 23 inches, and temperatures could increase by up to 7 degrees Fahrenheit. But some say those estimates are too conservative.(James Hansen, NASA Climate Scientist)There are glaciologists now who are getting very worried. But they haven’t really come out and said what they think. (Chang)This part of the Antarctic is warming about five times faster than the rest of the world. Six other ice shelves have been lost entirely, and scientists say the Wilkins shelf could be next.Further DevelopmentUrgent Plea over Global WarmingLakes of melted water on Greenland’s ice sheet are expanding at a massive rate. Environmental campaigners say greenhouse gases are to be blamed. There is no time to lose to avoid disaster. “It’s become very apparent that Greenland is in crisis and we absolutely have to do something meaningful to stop global warming.”NASA-funded researcher, Jason Box Says Greenland summer ice melted nearly a third in less than two decades. “We know the temperatures have gone up but to see this rapid response has been a surprise to the scientific community.”The latest survey came as representative of 23 nations met in Greenland for informal talks on how to tackle global warming. There have been deadlocks since Washington pulled out of the UN Kyoto protocol in 2001. Host nation Denmark says the squabbling have to be replaced by action urgently.练习答案Unit Five Global WarmingPartⅡ. View, Listen and SpeakTask One: Greenhouse effectExercises: 1) B 2) A 3) D 4) C 5) ASpot dictation:(1) reflected (2)dispersed (3)surface (4)interact (5)molecules (6)sunny(7) responsible (8)essence (9)blanket above the Earth keeping the heat in(10) concentration of these gases increases atmosphere’s ability to grow or escape the infrared radiationQuestions for discussion:(1) Solar radiation interacts with the surface of the Earth in several ways. Some portion of this energy is reflected back into space by the earth atmosphere. Another portion is dispersed and scattered by the molecules in the atmosphere and a large portion penetrates the atmosphere to reach the surface of the earth. The radiation reaching the Earth surface is largely absorbed resulting in surface warming. As they leave the earth, and once again interact with the atmosphere. Some of the reradiated energy escaped into space but most of it is reflected back to the earth surface by molecules in the earth atmosphere.(2) carbon dioxide emitted in human activities(3) yes. It will reduce the emission of the greenhouse gases.Task Two: Climate changeExercises: 1) B 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) DQuestions:1) The Earth’s average temperature fluctuates, going through both warming and cooling periods. What’s controversial about climate change is whether people have anything to do with it.2)This is an open question.3) This is an open question.Task Three: Cracks in the IceExercises: 1) D 2) C 3) A 4) C 5) ASpot dictation:(1) 160 (2) biggest (3) responds (4) expected (5)sensor (6) territory(7) cooling (8) regulating(9) the planet gets warmer, sea levels rise and more ice is threatened: a vicious environmental circle(10) many experts predict sea levels will rise between 7 and 23 inchesQuestions for discussion:These are open questions.Part Ⅲ. Rock your mindPair work:A: Hi Jim. How are you?B: Fine. Thanks. What about you?A: I’m fine too. The weather is getting hotter and hotter in the summer.B: Yes, t hat’s because the environment has been so badly damaged, such as global warming, the damaged ozone and all the different kinds of pollution.A: en, But fortunately people have realized all these problems and have taken measures to improve the earth’s envir onment.B: It seems that the USA started to protect the environment ever since 1970. And the USA decided to celebrate Earth Day on April 22nd.A: Isn’t the World Earth Day also on this day? ？B: Yes. More and more countries are joining in protecting the environment, so the World Earth Day was fixed for this day.A: I hope that our environment will become better and better.。