nikon history
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包含国内外摄影官方网站,时尚摄影师网站,新锐摄影师网站,摄影器材官方网站,摄影艺术协会网站,摄影博物馆网站。
(一直往下翻哦,总有你想要的)摄影公司Companies1. 尼康公司美国主页:/Homepage.page2. 佳能照相机博物馆:http://www.canon.co.jp/camera-museum/index2.html3. 美能达澳大利亚公司:.au/4. 美能达美国公司:http://www.minoltausa/com/5. 美能达欧洲网络:/6. 美能达日本主页:/japan/index.html7. 潘泰克斯主页:/8. 潘泰克斯欧洲主页:/web/online/index.htm9. 潘泰克斯LX:.my/rb/photography/hardwares/classics/pentaxlx/index.htm10. 潘泰克斯67:/~jrf/pentax67.html11. 奥林帕斯主页:/12. 奥林帕斯软件欧洲主页:/13. 奥林帕斯网上资源:/14. 康泰克斯照相机主页:/15. 徕卡官方主页:/home-e.htm16. 徕卡袖珍照相机俱乐部:http://www.kikuyashoji.co.jp/miniluxclub/index-e.html17. 美国徕卡历史社团:/18. 罗莱摄影主页:/19. 罗莱双镜头反光照相机俱乐部:http://www2.magicalights.co.jp/dmakos/rolleitlr/index.html20. 罗莱摄影技术:.my/rb/photography/companies/rollei/index.htm21. 哈苏主页:/22. 哈苏美国主页:/23. 哈苏资源图象史:hasselmodels24. 玛米亚主页:/25. 玛米亚—OP: http://www.mamiya.co.jp/eindex.htm26. 卡尔。
Contax(康泰时)康泰时(Contax,或译康泰克斯)原为德国蔡司公司(德文为ZeissIkon,蔡司·依康)于1932年生产旁轴相机(RangeFinder)所使用的品牌。
两德时期,蔡司公司也一分为二。
西德蔡司以Contax品牌继续生产旁轴相机,东德蔡司则开始生产M42接环的单反相机(SLR)。
东德蔡司一九五一年和西蔡商标纠纷后,东蔡商标改用潘太康Pentacon、百佳Praktica,而西德蔡司的Contax相机后来于1961年停止生产,康泰时品牌暂时陷入沉寂。
1971年,西德蔡司与日本福冈系Yashica公司合作,康泰时在日本获得重生,并成为Yashica公司使用卡尔·蔡司镜头的高级相机品牌(此时的CONTAX所有的字母均为大写),低端相机则为雅西卡Yashica,由于技术相似,只是定位不同,所以雅西卡和康泰时有很多相似之处,也称为―平民蔡司‖。
Yashica公司于1983年被京瓷公司併购,京瓷公司继续使用康泰时品牌。
京瓷2000年底推出世界首部量产数码相机Contax N Digital,由于价格很高,技术并不成熟,市场反应很差。
京瓷于2004年砍掉数码相机业务,2005年停产手动单反镜头、彻底退出这一产业,并于4月11日宣佈自该年9月起终止康泰时事务,康泰时品牌第二次被束之高阁。
目录1 蔡司公司(Zeiss Ikon)的产品1.1 Contax旁轴相机系列1.1.1 Contax旁轴相机机身1.1.2 Contax旁轴相机用镜头群1.2 单反反光镜Contax/Pentacon系列1.3 康泰单反相机Contaflex 系列2 Yashica、京瓷机型2.1 C/Y系列机身2.2 Y/C卡口镜头2.3 G系列机身及镜头2.4 N系列机身及镜头蔡司·伊康(Zeiss Ikon)的产品Contax旁轴相机系列使用底片之片幅大小比照Leica相机,外形与Leica的圆角造形不同,基调为方形。
十大经典相机排行榜对于喜欢摄影的朋友们来说,拥有一款高性能的相机一定是一件非常重要的事情。
选购时,了解一些相机的品牌和特点,能够帮助你更好的选择适合自己的相机。
下面是小编给大家整理的十大经典相机排行榜,欢迎阅读。
十大经典相机排行榜十大经典相机排行榜1. 徕卡M3·素以浪漫著称的法国人曾经拍摄了一个短片:一位盲人被人搀扶着走在街头,一位妙龄少女走过,他嗅了嗅说:“夏奈尔”;路经一辆豪华轿车,车门一响,他随口说:“奔驰!”路边一位摄影者按下了快门,快门清脆而柔滑地一响,他不假思索地说:“徕卡!”十大经典相机排行榜2. 哈苏503CW1939年4月,欧洲战事正酣,一架德国轰炸机坠毁于瑞典,军方在清理飞机残骸时发现了一台摔变形的侦察相机,这是当时世界上最先进的航拍相机,瑞典国防部长立即将著有《候鸟的旅程》的鸟类学者、摄影家维克多·哈苏先生,问他能否为瑞典皇家空军仿造一部,哈苏先生语惊四座:“不能!但我能造一部比他更好的相机!”于是,第一台哈苏相机HK7诞生了。
十大经典相机排行榜3. 禄来2.8FX双反相机很多时候,说到双反相机,人们就会想到一位英国老绅士脖子上挂着一台禄来,不紧不慢地低头在取景器里构图、调焦,最后慢悠悠地按下机身前面的快门。
这种双反相机曾经与徕卡、康太时、尼康的测距式相机一起统治了上世纪五六十年代的摄影界,如果您不信,不妨去数一数这一时期获得普利策奖的照片中有多少台使用了禄来就知道了。
十大经典相机排行榜4. 美乐时LX沃尔特·扎普,这位出生在拉脱维亚里加的技师从未想到,他研制的这款微型相机最终会出现在007电影《女王密使》中——扮演詹姆斯·邦德的乔治·拉扎贝举着一台美乐时A/IIIs拍摄的镜头给影迷留下了很深的印象;他更未想到,当年他仅仅是想造出一台小得能藏在拳头中的相机,最终这种相机却因为铁幕两边间谍们的青睐而一举成名。
十大经典相机排行榜5. 佳能AE-1推出于1976年的佳能AE-1曾经是专业摄影记者手中的武器,有位记者拿着这款相机跑到菲律宾南部采访,结果被流弹击中所幸的是,子弹击中的是相机,打烂了机身前部,并且在机身中拐了一个小弯,救了这位记者一条命。
尼康望远镜的历史1917年,东京计器制作所的光学计量仪器部门和岩城玻璃制作所的反射镜部门合并,成为一家更完善的光学企业,并命名为Nippon Kogaku K.K.(日本光学工业株式会社)。
然后又兼并了藤井镜头制作所,这奠定Nikon日后的发展基础,而Nippon Kogaku K.K.这一个名字一直沿用至1988年,只是它的知名度却远不及它的品牌——Nikon,因此,Nippon Kogaku K.K.早已改称Nikon Corporation。
1917年,尼康向德国聘请了8名光学专家外加上自己的200名员工开张之后,早期产品以望远镜显微镜和光学测量仪器为主。
从1917年开始,望远镜就一直是其产品线中的拳头产品之一。
1918年,Nippon Kogaku K.K.正式有了大规模的生产中心厂房,并且开始研究光学玻璃的生产,仅今年尼康公司就向包括英国、美国、法国、俄罗斯等国出口了18种型号共计15000架之多的高质量的棱镜式望远镜,而這仅仅只是开始而已!到1921年它们推出三支反射式望远镜,口径分别为5㎝、7.5㎝及10㎝,还有mikron4X,6X这两支棱镜倒像的开普勒双筒望远镜,这是尼康在光学器材领域叱咤风云90年的开始。
1920年,尼康从德国请来了光学工程师Heinrich Acht负责设计镜头,Heinrich Acht回国后改由日本工程师Kakuya Sunayama接手,他根据Acht的资料在1929年完成了Nikon第一颗120mm f/4.5镜头,从此开始了由望远镜转向相机镜头的转变。
在上世紀20年代早期,Nikon和德国工程师合作生产了一系列经典望远镜产品,如产于1922年的Mikron4x and6x望远镜(其中6x型望远镜重量仅有90g),以及随后于1923年投产的Orion6×24,8×26,和Nova系列。
值得一提的是Nikon的Mikron型望远镜的性能足以和比它体积大得多望远镜相抗衡,它甚至在上世纪50年代仍很流行。
摄影冷知识-尼康的旁轴相机(下)明天就是猴年除夕,后天我们将迎来机(鸡)年,所以玩机显得必然而紧迫......其实我就想提前祝你春节快乐!被猴子上蹿下跳折腾了一整年,过了明天,怎么都该要雄起了!祝我们各自努力,达成所愿!接着我们将之前介绍尼康旁轴相机的系列做个完结,虽然现在尼康这个名字更多代表着单反相机,但其实它本身就是一台旁轴相机的名字,如果你还不知道,请找出上期和中期看看。
鲍勃·迪伦和他的 Nikon SP尼康旁轴测距相机的巅峰之作——尼康SP尼康S面世后,日光公司于1954年12月推出其改进型号尼康S2。
这是日本首架采用曲柄倒片、扳手过片的35mm照相机,仅仅比采用扳手过片的徕卡M3晚了几个月,但曲柄倒片则是徕卡M3不具备的。
该机首次将焦平面快门最快快门时间提高到1/1000秒,取景倍率达到了1:1。
另外,该机对X闪光同步插孔也进行了重新设计(单孔)。
该机配用尼克尔50mm/f1.4镜头,共生产了56715架。
随着日本冶金、铸造工业的复苏和技术进步,日光公司开始设计和打造一架无论在性能、制造工艺方面都堪称与徕卡、康泰时旁轴相机媲美的机型。
经过反复设计调整,这架吸收了徕卡M3先进设计的,在今天看来属于尼康旁轴测距相机巅峰之作的尼康SP,终于在1957年9月面世。
尼康SP是当时设计人员全部智慧的结晶,它打破了以往仅仅是模仿德国相机的老路,注入了日光工程师的独到创新设计,概括起来,可归纳为以下几点:一是拥有世界上第一台集适配28/35/50/85/105/135镜头的6个对焦框于一身的旁轴测距取景相机,在主取景部的左面是28/35两个没有视差自动补偿的辅取器,而1980年徕卡M4P发表时,才具有匹配交换镇头的28/35/50/75/90/135取景系统,细细算来尼康SP竟领先了徕卡23年!尼康SP的取景器占了大半个顶盖的后部,这是独一无二的创新设计。
Nikon SP 的混合式取景器,左侧提供了镜头焦距为28mm时的视角,而右边则涵盖了从50~135mm当用户通过旋转围绕着倒片把手的拨盘来选择50/85/105/135取景框线的时候,这个拨盘上的刻度用不同颜色的数字加以分辨。
体味蔡司!尼康用户必玩镜头捕捉心灵的曙光:Distagon T* 25/2.8 ZF这是一款严谨冷峻的光学产品,从2007年1月24日正式上市那一刻起他就备受敬仰,除了光学镜片之外,他由内至表处处都渗透着金属的冰冷与刚毅。
蔡司Distagon T* 25/2.8 ZF采用了10片8组的光学构成,最近对焦距离0.17m,体积65×66mm,重量为480克,使用58mm口径滤色镜片。
在与传统135幅面单反机型匹配时,这支定焦镜头的精确焦距数值为25.7mm,这是一个极为个性化的焦距区段,与28mm的所谓黄金广角相比他的视角更宽广,也更具有视觉冲击力。
若与24mm焦距的镜头相比,他又拥有更好的畸变控制能力,画面也少了几分张扬,多了几缕含蓄。
著名的纪实摄影大师约瑟夫·寇德卡是蔡司25mm广角的使用者和传播者,他将这种镜头的画面扩张力和主力跃出感表现得淋漓尽致,其展示的许多不朽摄影佳作都出自蔡司25mm镜头。
眼前这支专为尼康用户提供的Distagon T* 25/2.8 ZF具有不俗的近摄能力,利用F8或F11的较小光圈,通过前景聚焦与广阔的景深范围的结合,他可以营造出绝佳的视觉透视效果。
这支镜头在3-5m的对焦距离上从事人物摄影时,被摄主体的立体感和细节描写力都相当强,主体环境也被刻画的恰到好处。
事实上,任何广角光学产品都会存在中心影像与边缘影像的画质差距,焦距越短视角越广,这种画面上影像素质的差别就愈加明显。
而Distagon T* 25/2.8 ZF却恰如其分地把握住了中心画质的逐次降损过程,并由此掩盖了边缘画质的松散,甚至还借助这种与生俱来的画质递减现象造就了无以伦比的视觉立体感!而那些从事人文摄影的大师们,正是利用了这种人与自然环境结合过程出现的视觉立体感,既捕捉到了那醉人的心灵曙光,同时又向世人展示了最原生态的自然风貌。
镜头点评:并不是谁都有能力把握住25mm广角的不羁与含蓄,在我们趋之若鹜去追捧Distagon T* 25/2.8 ZF之时一定要量力而行,因为这支经典手动镜头在骨子里被融入了太多的厚重、执着、与冷酷,再说其6200元的身价也不是个小数目。
国外摄影网站网址大全一、摄影公司Companies1. 尼康公司美国主页:/default.htm2. 佳能照相机博物馆:http://www.canon.co.jp/camera-museum/index2.html3. 美能达澳大利亚公司:.au/4. 美能达美国公司:http://www.minoltausa/com/5. 美能达欧洲网络:/6. 美能达日本主页:/japan/index.html7. 潘泰克斯主页:/8. 潘泰克斯欧洲主页:/web/online/index.htm9. 潘泰克斯LX:.my/rb/photogr ... /pentaxlx/index.htm10. 潘泰克斯67:/~jrf/pentax67.html11. 奥林帕斯主页:/12. 奥林帕斯软件欧洲主页:/13. 奥林帕斯网上资源:/14. 康泰克斯照相机主页:/15. 徕卡官方主页:/home-e.htm16. 徕卡袖珍照相机俱乐部:http://www.kikuyashoji.co.jp/miniluxclub/index-e.html17. 美国徕卡历史社团:/18. 罗莱摄影主页:/19. 罗莱双镜头反光照相机俱乐部:http://www2.magicalights.co.jp/dmakos/rolleitlr/index.html20. 罗莱摄影技术:.my/rb/photography/companies/rollei/index.htm21. 哈苏主页:/22. 哈苏美国主页:/23. 哈苏资源图象史:.my/rb/photogr ... els/hasslemodel.htm24. 玛米亚主页:/25. 玛米亚—OP: http://www.mamiya.co.jp/eindex.htm26. 卡尔。
蔡司主页:http://www.zeiss.de/27. 理光照相机英国网站:/28. 腾龙—勃朗尼卡:/29. 威达公司主页:/30. 威达欧洲:/31. 图丽主页:/32. 仙娜主页:/photo/large/sinar/eimise.html33. 骑士美国主页:/34. 柯达公司主页:/35. 柯达图片:/digitallmaging/picture ;This/pic ThisHome.jhtml36. 富士胶卷世界:http://www.fujifilm.co.jp/37. 柯尼卡主页:/38. 柯尼卡日本主页:http://www.konica.co.jp/39. 柯尼卡英国主页:/40. 阿克发主页:/41. 阿克发数码照相机:/42. 波达主页:/index.html二、摄影书商Booksellers1. 布尔芬奇出版社:/arts/2. 双棕简——十二树出版社:/3. 分布式艺术出版者公司:/4. 摄影之烟眼图书和照片:/5. Pawprint图书:/6. 黑白书店:/toc.html7. 查尔斯。
历史上50款最棒胶片与数码相机全介绍组图根据著名的Photography Monthly杂志在近日评出了目前历史上最伟大的50台(系列)相机产品,按照类型来分,必然包含流行已久的胶片相机以及最近十余年内流行的数码相机。
就总体比例来看,前者所占的比例还是要大于后者。
历史上最伟大的50款相机介绍一位摄影师的'第一'的相机将永远是一个拥有特殊的地方在他们的心中,无论我们向拥有移动。
我们中的一些忠于一个品牌,一个制造商或整个摄影生活的一种模式。
其他都高兴地跳起来最新的'未来'的东西或'热'的时间模型。
无论你采用何种当它拥有相机,但始终是一种怀旧的相机一定意义上说,从过去很少有更好的办法花比非拍摄时间,通过编制的“有史以来最伟大的清单。
而不是仅仅依靠我们个人的喜好和厌恶,我们要求全国零售商提供其顶部10名单和一些我们的摄影月刊大师到芯片所作的表决中,编译了50最大的所有时间相机在没有特定的顺序。
的尼康)J1和V1号尼康系列(尼康50.也许在这个名单中最有争议的相机,尼康相机-尼康V1和尼康J1的-尼康的标志进入CSC市场的第一次创业,并希望该公司花了大量时间和精力,得到它的权利。
我们有什么结果的,是小,小巧的机身令人难以置信的速度- 60fps的连拍速度10fps的速度,在自动对焦模式,它可以处理600万像素每秒的图像。
我们相信尼康这里设置栏,和现在的几年中,我们将回头的转折点,因为我们做了这个名单上的其他相机V1和J1。
号D300s 49尼康.另一种与我们的读者们的最爱。
D300S的是12.3万像素的DX格式的模型在2009年推出。
它取代了D300的尼康DX 格式旗舰单反加入高清录像(自动对焦)。
它有相似的尼康D700,具有相同的决议,但有一个更小,密度更高的传感器。
第48号宾得K1000。
K1000的是生产从1976年到1997年,在此期间,如果你去艺术学校,它可能是你使用的相机。
一、摄影网站一、公司Companies:尼康佳能www.canon.co.jp美能达.au潘泰克斯:奥林巴斯:徕卡:罗莱:.my哈苏:蔡司:www.zeiss.de理光:腾龙:威达:柯达:富士:www.fujifilm.co.jp柯尼卡:www.konica.co.jp爱克发:二、摄影博物馆和画廊Museums and Galleries: www.nlg.dk 三、摄影教育Education:www.nyipcom.au utopia.knowatr,nl/users/philippe 四、摄影历史History:www.bostonspace.ocmwww.magic.be/phonesweb.Kyoto-inet.or.jp/people/photos五、摄影杂志Magazine:/bwworld六、數码摄影Digital:www.willmaster.vom/gallery.nf/digicam七、新闻摄影Photojourmalism:www.interfoto.ruwww.execulinkcom/nppawww.worldpressphoto.nl八、自然摄影Nature:九、婚礼和肖像摄影Wedding and Portrait:www.egesonhotographycom十、艺术人体摄影Art Nude:www.photo-world.de十一、其他Others:ruly70.medfac.leidenuniv.ll/photo/edscoft/spectsel.htm /lip/schur/astro/~jscwww.hiachi.co.jp/keisokuki/english/nano/ 十二、摄影家Photographers:/~bboyd/phot/ /mapple.htm/unitedstates/chidlabor /vitally/kertesz.html /exhibits/wcf0013.html /early/manrayll.html/siamwww.tc.umn.ddu/`whit0580/igloo/dada/hearfieldart.dada.it/newton十三、摄影资源Resources:/users/bcsbob/biglist/us/en/nav/takingpics/~lwadron/exposure/home.asp国家地理杂志:於一八八八年成立的美國國家地理學會,是以「增進並普及地理知識」為宗旨的非營利組織。
虽然京瓷已经在2005年结束了单反照相机事业,但是其遗有数量庞大的YC口手动镜头,这些镜头素质非凡,无论是在胶片单反相机上,还是转接到数码机上,都具有相当的魅力。
Contax YC口的镜头水极深,以功能分类,有MM型和AE型两种,以产地分类,又分为德产和日产,还有以镀膜颜色分类,前后期号码的差别,纪念版和普通版的差别,往往使得初涉Contax的色友们眼花缭乱,而不同种类镜头价格的巨大差异,更令人无从下手。
如果对YC口镜头历史不够了解,这里推荐几篇文章,相信诸位阅读后就会有入Contax门的想法甚至冲动了。
=======================================================================bullcai 蔡司主义黯淡的光辉我的Contax Zeiss135F2DC Y/C卡口Carl Zeiss镜头年表anpiue Contax一些使用上的心得小蔡CONTAX演义=======================================================================言归正传,当各位对Contax的YC口镜头有所了解后,我们来讨论镜头的选择和搭配。
=======================================================================第一章全变焦配置=======================================================================相比日本厂家,Contax YC口的变焦镜头并不算多,这并不是说Zeiss公司不擅于设计变焦镜头,恰恰相反,由于蔡斯对于变焦镜头的设计是非常严谨的,因而使得其变焦镜头几乎支支是可以独霸一方的角色,而且,他们都有一个非常统一的名字——Vario-Sonnar。
这其中的Vario,就是变化的意思,意味着这支镜头是变焦镜头,这种人性化的命名方式,更是为蔡斯使用者津津乐道。
日本摄影师用的相机品牌及型号135和120机器都有。
135使用变焦的多,120使用定焦的多。
1.前田真三:康太时167MT,哈苏500C/M,503CXI,林霍夫。
2.丹地敏明:潘太克斯LX,Z-1P,MZ-3,MZ-5,645N,哈苏500C。
3.竹内敏信:佳能EOS-1N,潘太克斯645,勃郎尼卡GS-1。
4.高田诚三:佳能EOS-1N,美能达807SI,富士645。
5.白籏史朗:佳能NF-1,哈苏,富士GW690等。
6.作野周史:佳能EOS-1NHS,潘太克斯645,677.青野恭典:佳能EOS-1,康太时ST,潘太克斯645。
8.麻贺进:NIKON F3,F4,MAMIYA-RZ,潘太克斯645。
9.味村敏:潘太克斯KX,LX,67。
10.新隆浩:NIKON F2,MAMIYA7。
11.渥美显二:佳能EOS-1,NIKON F3,F4,哈苏500CM,潘太克斯645。
12.天野尚:康太时RTSIII,MAMIYA7。
13.天野主税:NIKON F2,F3,FE214.新井幸人:佳能NF-1,潘太克斯LX,Z1,645,67。
15.饭岛志津夫:潘太克斯LX,Z-1,645N,67。
16.冈本洋典:NIKON F4,潘太克斯67。
17.伊东刚:EOS-1N,哈苏。
18.伊藤嘉治:康太时S2B,哈苏500CM,503CX19.岩佐浩幸:潘太克斯LX,MAMIYA C330。
20.岩桥崇至:佳能F1,潘太克斯645。
21.江口慎一:佳能EOS1,EOS5,T90,NF1,潘太可斯645,67。
22.川口邦雄:美能达,MAMIYA23.北中康文:佳能F1,潘太克斯。
24.小林敬一:佳能EOS-1N,潘太克斯645。
25.小松毅史:佳能EOS-1,潘太克斯6726.铃木一雄:佳能EOS-1N,潘太克斯67。
27.高桥健司:NIKON FE2,F801,MAMIYA RB67。
28.田中达也:佳能EOS-1N,MAMIYA 7。
/ 2023.10照相机 21漫谈尼康FM2相机的几个不同版本门设有15档,闪光灯同步速度为1/200s,在快门速度盘上可以看到红色的125数值快门,另外有X200档以红色标示在1/4000s之后(图3),快门为蜂巢式钛合金材质(图4)。
早期的始祖版FM2有黑色和银色的机身,其编号第二位数字为偶数的是银色,为奇数的是黑色。
目前二手市场同样成色的黑色机身比银色机身稍贵,另外黑色版本正面左上方的尼康FM2标志线条也更粗一些(图5)。
图5 三种不同版本的FM2字体图4 始祖版FM2的蜂窝状钛帘相机世界2023.10 /图6 新FM2黑色版正面图9 尼康 FM2N银色版正面图7 新FM2黑色版背面图10 尼康 FM2N银色版背面图8 新FM2的速度拨盘图11 尼康 FM2N的铝制平面快门帘图12 两种不同的闪光灯热靴图13 尼康 FM2/T正面图14 尼康 FM2/T背面图15 尼康 FM2/T编号三、FM2N此款FM2(图9、图10)最主要的特征是钛帘快门改为平面化的铝帘快门(图11),同时快门扭动器也进行了改良,大大降低了快门损坏的情况,其余部分同新FM2基本没有区别。
此版本同样有黑色机身和银色机身两种,另外,这个版本的闪光灯热靴插座也与之前的有所不同(图12)。
四、FM2/T1尼康钛合金版本的FM2(图13、图14)这是尼康FM2的常规钛合金版本,该版本与FM2N机身材料一样,由硒铜铝合金压铸而成,不同的是FM2/T相机机身的顶部、底部和机背是由钛合金制作而成。
其机身重量比一般的FM2轻少许,也坚固少许,不过价格比一般版本贵不少。
它可以使用FM2N的所有附件,机身编号前面加了字母T加以区分,以T9000001开始(图15)。
相机世界22 照相机/ 2023.10照相机 23相机世界图16 尼康 FM2/T狗年纪念版正面图18 尼康 FM2/T千禧年纪念版正面图17 尼康 FM2/T狗年纪念版背面图19 尼康 FM2/T千禧年纪念版及配套镜头3千禧钛合金纪念版2000年的时候,尼康还专门出了一款千禧钛合金纪念版本,限量生产2000台,套机中的50m m F1.4标头编号与机身相同。
卡尔蔡司Planar T 50mm f 1 4 ZE 网友点评优点全金属的镜身,连遮光罩都是金属的,触摸着它的胴体,你会有一种欲罢不能的感觉。
分量十足,光从外观来看跟原厂50 1.4都不是同一个档次的货,甚至超过原厂50 1.2L。
成像质量也很好,暗光条件下也能拍出明亮的片子。
色彩油润,全开光圈下锐度也还能接受,只是出片率稍微有点低,大光圈下容易跑焦(或许我是新手的缘故吧,刚玩蔡司没几天)。
有人把蔡司不能自动对焦作为缺点来说,但我并不这么认为,手动对焦有手动对焦的乐趣,或许它确实不适合干活,不过平时使用也不会给我带来多大的负担。
刚入手的时候对焦确实慢,后来找到了一点小窍门,就是在半按快门的状态下去旋转对焦环,当对焦环转到合焦位置时相机就会给出合焦提示,这样的话比先转动对焦环再去半按快门确认合焦快多了缺点要说他没缺点那是不可能的,目前唯一发现的一个缺点就是遮光罩装在镜头上之后会稍微有一点点松动,买的时候试了好几个都是这样,那就说明不是个案了。
出现这个缺点的原因我想可能是因为金属接口的缘故吧,毕竟金属那么硬,如果卡太紧的话经常装卸肯定会有磨损,这个应该是设计师故意这样设计的。
总结一款拥有了绝对不会后悔的镜头,我想我以后再也不会如C家的镜头了,已经深中蔡司毒做工很好优点镜头做工非常精细,手感是出奇的好,冰凉的金属质感,转动对焦环时柔润的阻尼感,都让人非常舒服。
缺点感觉比较重,比佳能的50镜头总结做工严谨,成像效果也很好发表于:2011-11-10 13:49:234.0手动对焦镜头优点个头比佳能50mm f/1.4稍大,但感觉上要重很多。
镜头从卡口、镜到遮光罩连接处筒都是金属的,显得典雅、精致。
缺点手动对焦镜头,使用上要比自动对焦镜头麻烦一些总结除了手动对焦在对焦速度上迟缓一些,手持拍摄时对焦成功率不如自动对焦镜头,并没有其它麻烦----- 尖叫不呐喊对卡尔·蔡司Planar T* 50mm f/1.4 ZE的点评发表于:2011-03-14 09:57:054.0暗处有点蔡司的味道优点该头在光线较暗处有点蔡司的味道,强光下无特色。
20个经典摄影网站+100个摄影行业信息网站专题-摄影类下面是有图片的地址/web%20center.files/time/web%20center %20time%201.html01. /"I have been a witness, and these pictures aremy testimony. The events I have recorded shouldnot be forgotten and must not be repeated."-James Nachtwey-上面是作者的一句话代表一个摄影师的原则,他的作品很真实、凝重、震撼心灵,那些整天浸泡在金钱和美色中的摄影师们应该想想了,除了乳房和大腿能不能有新的题材呢?02.http://www.anatol.de/这是来自德国一位涉猎广泛的摄影师,站点的入口有高、低两种分辨率的选择,从人像到风景、广告,他的汽车广告摄影还是不错的,建议看看。
03./一个很朦胧唯美的摄影网站,但并不是浪漫色彩的,图片很真实,也很生活04.你够性感吗?一起比比吧!05. [new window]创立于2001年12月7日的一个的摄影网站,为在其网站注册的摄影师及摄影爱好者提供上传和评论相片功能06. [new window]PDN是美国一家每月发布的专业摄影杂志,有超过二十年的历史,PDN online是它的在线版。
每月发布摄影业内的新闻、评选的各类优胜作品、摄影师等,有着广泛的影响。
07./又一个很真是的网站,气氛很肃穆不适合在夜晚观看。
08./下面是网站的首页,内容很多,风格很朴实,广告味道浓。
09.10./11.12./摄影师Anton Corbijn出生并成长在荷兰,以黑白人像摄影闻名。
1970年代开始涉足音乐会现场摄影,并为很多杂志拍摄音乐家、演员和艺术家的封面肖像,这其中的客户包括 Depeche Mode、U2乐队、Joy Division、Echo & the Bunnymen、Nick Cave、Nirvana、Metallica、Mercury Rev和and The Killers等等,而合作的杂志则有Rolling Stone滚石杂志、L.A. Style洛杉矶风尚、Vogue Hommes、Stern明星周刊、Time Out、Esquire、Q Magazine、OM Magazine、Mojo、The Fader,Photo District News,Creative Review。
20Years during which products launched in Japan. Some of the products mentioned above are marketed solely in Japan.[ ]*1: Product names mainly used in Germany.[ ]*2: Product names mainly used in the United States.1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980198119821983198419851986Steppers●Began development of SR-1 Step-and-Repeat System(Entrusted by VLSI technology research group) (1976)●Completion of SR-1 (1978)●NSR-1010G (Resolution: 1.0µm) : First stepper made in Japan●NSR-1505G (Resolution: 1.2µm)●NSR-2005G (Resolution: 1.5µm)●Production facilities for stepperscompleted in Yokohama Plant●The first stepper shipped to the United States ●Production space for steppers in Yokohama Plant expanded●NSR-1505G2A (Resolution: 1.0µm)●NSR-1505G3A (Resolution: 1.0µm)●NSR-1010i3 (Resolution: 0.8µm)●NSR-HT3025G (Resolution: 2.0µm)●NSR-L7501G (for LCD)Film Cameras●Decided the name of camera lenses as Nikkor (1932)●Decided the name of small-sized cameras as Nikon (1946)●Nikon I (1948)●The New York Times announced the superior quality of Nikon cameras and Nikkor lenses to the world (1950)●Nikon M (1950) ●Nikon S (1951)●Nikon S2 (1954) ●Nikon SP (1957)●Nikon S3 (1958) ●Nikon S4 (1959)●Nikon F (Nikon’s first SLR camera) (1959)●Nikkorex 35 (1960) ●Nikon S3M (1960)●Nikkorex 35-II (1962)●Nikon F Photomic (1962)●Nikkorex F (1962)●Nikkorex Zoom 35 (1963)●NIKONOS (1963) ●Nikon Auto 35 (1964)●Nikomat FT [Nikkormat FT]*1(1965)●Nikomat FS [Nikkormat FS]*1(1965)●Nikon F Photomic T (1965)●Nikon F Photomic T N (1967)●Nikomat FT N [Nikkormat FT N ]*1(1967)●NIKONOS II (1968)●Nikon Photomic FT N (1968)●Nikomat FT N with Type A screen (1971)●Nikon F2 (1971)●Nikon F2 Photomic (1971)●Nikon Photomic FT N loaded on APOLLO 15 (1971)●Nikomat EL [Nikkormat EL]*1(1972) ●Nikon F2 Photomic S (1973)●Nikomat FTN (1973)●Nikomat FT2 [Nikkormat FT2]*1(1975)●NIKONOS III (1975)●Nikomat ELW [Nikkormat ELW]*1(1976)●Nikon F2 Photomic S B (1976)●Shift of SLR lens type to Ai (1977)●Nikon F2 Photomic A (1977)●Nikomat FT3 [Nikkormat FT3]*1(1977)●Nikon FM (1977) ●Nikon EL2 (1977)●Nikon F2 Photomic AS (1977)●Nikon FE (1978)●Nikon F2/Titanium model (Limited edition) (1979)●Nikon EM ●Nikon F3 ●NIKONOS IV-A●Nikon F3 High-eyepoint ●Nikon FM2 ●Nikon FG ●Nikon F3T ●Nikon FE2●Nikon L35AF●Nikon F3AF ●Nikon L35AD ●Nikon FA●Nikon New FM2 ●Nikon FG-20●Nikon L135AF ●NIKONOS V ●Nikon FA Gold (Limited edition)●Nikon F-301 [N2000]*2●Nikon L35AF2 [One-Touch]*2●Nikon L35AD2 [One-Touch]*2●Nikon F-501 [N2020]*2●Nikon L35TWAF [Tele-Touch]*2●Nikon L35TWAD [Tele-Touch]*2●Nikon L35AWAF [Action-Touch]*2●Nikon L35AWAD [Action-Touch]*2Digital Imaging Equipment and Others●Nikkorex 8 (8mm cinecamera) (1961)●Nikon Zoom 8 (8mm cinecamera) (1962)●Nikkorex 8F (8mm cinecamera) (1963)●Nikon Super Zoom 8 (8mm cinecamera)(1966)●Nikon 8x Super Zoom (8mm cinecamera)(1969)●Nikon R10 Super Zoom (8mm cinecamera)(1973)●Nikon R8 Super Zoom (8mm cinecamera)(1973)●Nikon Video S-100 (Video camera)●SV-100 (VTR)●Nikon Video SV-200 (VTR)●Nikon 35mm Film Direct Telephoto Transmitter NT-1000●Developed 7x Zoom Lens for High Definition TV Camera●TV Nikkor Lens S15x9●Nikon Monitor Printer NW-100●Nikon Action 8 Video (only for export)Corporate●Two of Japan’s leading optical manufacturers merge toform a comprehensive, fully integrated optical company known as Nippon Kogaku K.K. (1917)●Acquisition of Fujii Lens Seisakusho (1917)●Completion of Ohi Plant (1918)●Research on manufacture of optical glass initiated (1918)●Eight German technicians invited to provide technicalguidance (1921)●Completion of new Ohi Plant (1933)●Following end of W.W.II, production shifted to civilianoptical products (1945)●Stock exchange listings gained on both Tokyo and Osaka exchanges (1949)●Nikkor Club formed to promote popular photographyculture (1952)●First service center opened (1953); development of nationwide network begins●First U.S. subsidiary, Nikon Optical Co., established (1953)●Nikon AG established in Switzerland (1961)●Management buy-in with Sakura Electronic Industries,Ltd. (now Tochigi Nikon Corporation) (1963)●Factory operations commence at Yokohama site (now Yokohama Plant) (1967)●Photo gallery Ginza Nikon Salon opened (1968)●K.K.Tachibana Seisakusho (now Mito Nikon Corporation) established (1968)●Nikon Europe N.V. (now Nikon Europe B.V.)established in the Netherlands (1968)●Nikon House opened in New York (1970)●Factory operations commence at Sagamihara site (now Sagamihara Plant) (1971)●Shinjuku Nikon Salon opened (1971)●Sendai Nikon Corporation established (1971)●Nikon Vertriebs GmbH (now Nikon GmbH) established in West Germany (now Germany) (1971)●Nikon Optical Shop Co., Ltd. established (1973)●Osaka Nikon Salon opened (1974)●Aiko Lens K.K. (now Aichi Nikon Co., Ltd.) established (1974)●Nikon Live Galerie opened in Zurich, Switzerland (1976)●Nikko Engineering K.K. (now Nikon Engineering Co.,Ltd.) established (1978)●Nikon Canada Inc. established in Canada (1978)●Nikon U.K. Ltd. established in U.K. (1979)●Nasu Optical K.K. (now Nasu Nikon Co., Ltd.) established (1979)●Acquired Kurobane Kogaku K.K. (now Kurobane NikonCo., Ltd.)●Nikon Inc. established in the United States●Zao Nikon Co., Ltd. established●Nikon Precision Inc. established in the United States●Completion of Kumagaya Plant(Operations initiated in 1985)●Cascading CI activities, terminated in March 1989●First representative office in China opened in Beijing●Nikon Hong Kong Ltd. established in Hong Kong●Nikon Systems Inc. established●Nikon France S.A. established in FranceHistoryMicroscopes and Others●Microscope Model JOICO (1925)●Microscope Model NIKKO (1935)●Microscope Model O (1948)●Microscope Model K (1949)●Polarizing Microscope Model POH (1952)●Stereoscopic Microscope Model SM(1954)●Microscope Model J (1955)●Microscope Model S (1956)●Stereoscopic Zoom Microscope Model SMZ (1961)●Inverted Microscope Model MD (1964)●Differential Interference Contrast Microscopes ModelT/Model R (1966)●Microscope Model L (1966)●Photo Slit Lamp Microscope (1966)●Universal Research Microscope APOPHOT (1967)●Projection Lensmeter P (1968)●Wide angle Fundus Camera Retinapan 45 (1971)●MicroscopesBIOPHOT/METAPHOT (1976)●Biological Microscopes OPTIPHOT/LABOPHOT (1978)●IC Inspection Microscope OPTIPHOT-55 (1979)●Auto Refractometer NR-1000 (1979)●Photomicrographic Equipment Microflex/CCTV System●Inverted Research Microscope DIAPHOT TMD●Computer Edger CB-10●Fundus Camera NFC-60●Automated Image Analyzing System MAGISCAN 2●3D Image Construction System COSMOZONE98●Universal Research Microscope MICROPHOT-FX●Scanning Acoustic Microscope AMS-3200●CCTV System DK-3001●Automatic Edger SB-1●Auto Refractometer NR-5000●Automated Image Analyzing System LUZEX2/2D●Universal Metallurgical Micro-scopes MICROPHOT FX-M/S-M ●Fundus Camera NFC-50AF Optical Measuring and Inspection Instruments●Profile Projector Model l (1948)●Rotary Encoder RIE (1968)●Photoelectric Linear Encoder(1971)●High-Temperature MicrohardnessTester QM (1976)●Coordinate measuring machineCORDIMET (1977)●High-Precision Digital PositionReadout Systems Position Scale(1977)●Digital Micrometer SystemDigimicro (1977)●Profile Projector V-12●IC Wafer Inspection SystemOPTISTATION●Profile Projector V-10●Photoelectric Rotary Encoders RMHSeries●Measurescope 20●IC Wafer Inspection System OPTISTATION 2●Profile Projector V-16E●Measurescope UM-3●Edge Sensor ES-1●Screen Sensor SS-1●Rotary Encoders RXB Series●Digital Micrometer SystemDigimicro ME-50H/501●IC Wafer Macroscopic SystemMACROSTATION●IC Wafer Inspection SystemOPTISTATION 1A●CMM TRISTATION 600 Series/800MSport Optics●Start of production ofbinoculars under the name ofNippon Kogaku (1917)●MIKRON 4x, 6x (1921)●Change of the brand namefrom MIKRON to Nikon (1959)●LOOK (1964)●Refracting Telescope ED100●Fieldscope●8x23CF/10x25CF●Refracting Telescope S65●6x15●8x20F DCF RA/10x25F DCF RA●7x20 CF ll/9x25 CF llSurveying Instruments●Tilting Level Type E (1947)●Transit Type G (1947)●Automatic Level Type N (1961)●Theodolites NT-2 Series (1967)●Extra Long Distance MeterMND-2 (1971)●Electronic Distance MetersND-250/160●Electronic Distance MetersND-31/30●Manual Total Stations NTD Series●Electronic Distance MetersND-21/20●Total Station DTM-1●Electronic Level AL-1●Electronic Theodolites NE-10Series●Total Stations DTM-10 SeriesEyewear●Eyeglass Lens Pointal (1946)●Eyeglass Lens UC (1960)●Eyeglass Lens Pointal Coated (1965)●Bi-focal Lens Bi-focal B (1968)●Nikon Subnormal Vision Aids Lens (1969)●Photochromic Lens Photogray (1969)●Nikon Organic Aspheric Cataract Lens (1972)●Nikon Sunglasses (1972)●Super High-Index Mineral Lens Pointal HighPower (1975)●Nikon Ophthalmic Frame FB Line (1975)●Organic Eyeglass Lens Nikon Orma 70 (1976)●Progressive Addition Lens Nikon Ultravue (1979)●Sunglasses Hanae Mori (1979)●Sunglasses Giugiaro (1979)●Titanium Ophthalmic Frame TITEX●Ophthalmic Frame Nikon FJ Line●Ophthalmic Frame Nikon SPORTS FRAMES●Sunglasses Nikon Sports Sunglasses●Middle-Index Mineral Eyeglass Lens Pointal IIClear Coat●Sunglasses FIORE●Sunglasses Giugiaro Carbomax●Ophthalmic Frame for children Nikon FC Line●Portable Ophthalmic Frame Nikon FS Line●Sunglasses Giugiaro Wintersports●Nikon Organic Cataract KL●High-Index Organic Lens Nikon Lite II Hard ClearCoat●Ophthalmic Frame FIORE●Sunglasses WAY WAY●Organic Eyeglass Lens Nikon Lite 70 Hard A Coat●Ophthalmic Frame SLIDEVIEW●Sunglasses Z’s, WAY WAY1910s1920s1930s1940s1950s1960s1970s19801981198219831984198519862122[ ]*1: Product names mainly used in Germany.[ ]*2: Product names mainly used in the United States.Years during which products launched in Japan. Some of the products mentioned above are marketed solely in Japan.198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997Steppers●NSR-1505G4B (Resolution: 0.9µm)●NSR-1505G4C (Resolution: 0.8µm)●SX-5 (Resolution: 0.5µm)●NSR-1505G4D (Resolution: 0.75µm)●Cumulative sales of steppers reached 1,000units ●NSR-1505EX (Resolution: 0.5µm)●NSR-1505G5C (Resolution: 0.8µm)●NSR-1505G5D (Resolution: 0.75µm)●NSR-1505G6E (Resolution: 0.65µm)●NSR-L1001G (for LCD)●NSR-1505i6A (Resolution: 0.65µm)●Cumulative sales of steppers reached 2,000 units ●NSR-1755G7A (Resolution: 0.65µm)●Completion of the second phase of construction work for Kumagaya Plant ●NSR-1755i7A (Resolution: 0.5µm)●FX-201B (for LCD)●NSR-2005G8C (Resolution: 0.55µm)●Completion of the new building of Nikon Precision Inc. in Belmont, California, U.S.A.●Completion of the third phase ofconstruction work for Kumagaya Plant ●NSR-1755EX8A (Resolution: 0.45µm)●NSR-2005i8A (Resolution: 0.5µm)●FX-301D (for LCD)●Completion of the new building of Tochigi Nikon for the production of lenses for steppers ●FX-401E/402E (for LCD)●NSR-2005EX8A (Resolution: 0.4µm)●Cumulative sales of steppers reached 3,000 units ●Completion of the fourth phase of construction work for No.6 Building of Kumagaya Plant ●NSR-2005i9C (Resolution: 0.45µm)●FX-501D (for LCD) ●NSR-TFH1 (for thin film magnetic heads)●NSR-2005i10C (Resolution: 0.45µm)●Completion of new building of Nikon Precision Europe GmbH (NPE) in Langen,Germany●NSR-4425i (Resolution: 0.8–0.7µm)●NSR-2005EX10B (Resolution: 0.32µm)●NSR-2005i11D (Resolution: 0.35µm)●Cumulative sales of steppers reached 4,000units●NSR-S201A (Resolution: 0.25µm)●Expansion of the cleanroom floor at No. 6Building of Kumagaya Plant●NSR-2205EX12B (Resolution: 0.28µm)●NSR-2205i12D (Resolution: 0.35µm)●FX-601F (for LCD)●Cumulative sales of steppers reached 5,000units●NSR-TFHi12 (for Magnetic heads)●NSR-S202A (Resolution: 0.25µm)●NSR-2205EX14C (Resolution: 0.25µm)●NSR-2205i14E (Resolution: 0.35µm)●NPE established Training Center in ScotlandFilm Cameras●Nikon AF3/AD3 [One-Touch]*2●Nikon RF/RD [Fun-Touch]*2●Nikon L35AWAD (Orange) (Limited edition)●Nikon F-401/F-401 QD [N4004/N4004 QD]*2●Nikon TW2/TW2D [Tele-Touch Deluxe]*2●Nikon F-801 [N8008]*2●Nikon TWZOOM [Zoom-Touch 500]*2●Nikon RF2/RD2 [One-Touch 100]*2●Nikon F4/F4s●Nikon F-401s/F-401s QD [N4004s/N4004s QD]*2●Nikon TW20 QD [Tele-Touch 300]*2●Nikon F-601 [N6006]*2/F-601 QD [N6006QD]*2/F-601M [N6000]*2●Nikon TW ZOOM 35-70 QD [Zoom-Touch 400]*2●Nikon F-801s [N8008s]*2●Nikon TW ZOOM 35-80 QD [Zoom-Touch 500S]*2●Nikon F4E ●Nikon F-401x/F-401xQD [N5005]*2●Nikon W35/W35 QD [One-Touch 200]*2●Nikon TW Zoom105 WORLD TIME [Zoom-Touch 800/Zoom-Touch 800 WORLD TIME]*2●NIKONOS RS●Nikon AW35/AW35 QD [Sport-Touch]*2●Nikon F90s/F90D [N90]*2●Nikon TW Zoom85/TW Zoom85 QD [Zoom-Touch 600]*2●Nikon F90 [N90]*2●Nikon AF600/AF600 QD [Lite-Touch/Lite-Touch QD]*2●Nikon Zoom100/100 QD [Zoom-Touch 470/470 QD]*2●Nikon AF200 [Fun-Touch 2]*2●Nikon EF100 [Nice-Touch 2]*2●Nikon AF600 QD Colored Version ●Nikon 35Ti QD ●Nikon New FM2/T ●Nikon F3 Limited model●Nikon Zoom300/300 QD [Lite-Touch Zoom/Zoom QD]*2●Nikon F50 [N50]*2●Nikon Zoom700VR/700VR QD [Zoom-Touch 105VR QD]*2●Nikon 28Ti QD●Nikon F90X/F90X D /F90Xs [N90s]*2●Nikon F70 [N70]*2●Nikon Zoom500/500 QD [Lite-Touch Zoom 105/Lite-Touch Zoom 105 QD]*2●Nikon Zoom310/310 QD [Lite-Touch Zoom 70]*2●Nikon FM10●Nikon Nuvis mini i/mini/Nuvis 75i/75/Nuvis 125i/125●Nikon F5●Nikon Pronea 600i [Pronea 6i]*2●Nikon FE10●Nikon F50D Panoramic and Metallic Model●Nikon Nuvis 110i/Nuvis 160iDigital Imaging Equipment and Others●Nikon High Resolution Monochrome CCTV Camera HR-900W●Developed Nikon Color Printer ●Nikon 35mm Color Film Scanner/Direct Telephoto Transmitter NT-2000●Nikon 35mm Film Scanner LS-3500●TV Nikkor Lens S13x9/S15x8.5●Nikon Still Video Camera QV-1000C ●Nikon Still Video Transmitter QV-1010T●Nikon Full Color Printer CP-3000●High Definition Cameras HQ-1500CI/1500CF ●HD Frame Store Memory FS-1500/FS-1500V ●TV Nikkor Lens S19x8●TV Nikkor Lens S9x5.5●35mm Film Direct Color Telephoto Transmitter NT-3000●Nikon 35mm Film Scanner LS-3510AF ●Nikon 35mm Film Scanner COOLSCAN ●High Definition Still Color Camera HQ-1600●Nikon Full Color Printer CP-5000A●LCD 8mm video camera Nikon LCD Trim●Nikon Full Color Printer COOLPRINT●LCD 8mm video camera Nikon LCD Trim VS-GH2●High Definition Still Color Camera HQ-1600SF/SE for Macintosh●Flatbed Scanner SCANTOUCH●Nikon Image Layout Software PhotoLeaf ●TV-Nikkor S15x8.5III/TV-Nikkor S9x5.5II●Nikon Digital Still Cameras E2/E2s ●TV-Nikkor S20x8●LCD 8mm Video Camera Nikon LCD Trim VS-GH3●Hi-Definition Video Camera System HQ-130C ●Nikon Multi-format Film Scanner LS-4500AF ●Nikon 35mm Desktop Film Scanner SUPER COOLSCAN●Nikon 35mm Film Scanner COOLSCAN II ●Nikon Full Color Printer COOLPRINT II ●LCD 8mm Video Camera Nikon LCD Trim VS-GH4●Nikon Flatbed Scanners SCANTOUCH 110/210●Nikon Digital Still Cameras E2N/E2Ns●Nikon PC Card-Type Digital Camera COOLPIX100●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX300Corporate●Nikon Tec Corporation established●Nikon Sales-Promotion Co., Ltd. established (dissolved in 2003)●Nikon Photo Products Inc. established●Changed company name to Nikon Corporation●Nikon Precision Europe GmbH established in West Germany (now Germany)●Nikon Optical Canada Inc. established in Canada●VISUCOMLAND (electronic imaging equipment showroom) opened●Nikon Precision Korea Ltd. established in Korea ●Sagami Optical Co., Ltd. established (dissolved in 2002)●Nikon (Thailand) Co.,Ltd. established in Thailand●Completion of Mito Plant●Nikon Kft. established in Hungary●Nikon Instech Co., Ltd. established●Nikon Geotecs Co., Ltd. (dissolved in 2003, transferring its business to Nikon-Trimble Co., Ltd.) started operations ●Nikon Optical Co., Ltd. (dissolved in 1999, transferring its business to Nikon Eyewear Co., Ltd. and Nikon-Essilor Co., Ltd.) started operations●Service center opened in Kuangchou, China ●Nikon Technologies, Inc. established ●Nikon Life Co., Ltd. established●Nikon Logistics Corporation established●Nikon Instruments S.p.A. established in Italy●Nikon s.r.o. established in Czech●Nikon Singapore Pte Ltd established in Singapore ●Nikon Precision Taiwan Ltd. established in Taiwan ●Nikon Svenska AB esatablished in Sweden●Nikon Research Corporation of America established in the U.S.●Beijing Nikon Ophthalmic Products Co., Ltd.established in China●MN Optical Corporation, a joint venture with Hitachi Maxell, Ltd., established (dissolved in 1999)●Guang Dong Nikon Camera Co., Ltd. established in ChinaHistoryMicroscopes and Others●Hand Edger HB-1/1V●Inverted Tissue Culture Microscope TMS-F●Ocular Lensmeters OL-7/8●Biological Microscopes ALPHAPHOT2 Series●Micromanipulator System NT-88 Series ●Automated Image Analyzing System LUZEX3●Universal Research Microscope MICROPHOT-FXA●Zoom Slit Lamp NS-1●Automatic Edger CB-20●Automatic Pattern Maker FP-30●Auto Refractometer NR-5100●Frame Selector NF-3000●Stereoscopic Zoom Microscope SMZ- U●Biological Microscopes OPTIPHOT-2/LABOPHOT-2●Automatic Lensmeter NL-30●Fundus Camera NF-505AF●Zoom-Photo Slit Lamp FS-3●Automated Image Analyzing System COSMOZONE R500●Polarizing Microscope ALPHAPHOT-2 POL●Auto Refract-Keratometer NRK-8000●High-Definition Color TV Camera HD-3000C●Inverted Research Microscope DIAPHOT 300●Auto Refractometer NR-5500●Automatic Lensmeter NL-30P●IC Inspection Microscopes OPTIPHOT200/150/100●Real-Time Laser Confocal Microscope RCM8000●Stereoscopic Zoom Microscope SMZ-10A●Inverted Metallurgical Microscope EPIPHOT 300/200●Hand-Held Ref Retinomax●IC Inspection Confocal Microscope OPTIPHOT 200C●Biological Research Microscope ECLIPSE E800●Photomicrographic Equipment FX-III Series U-III●Hand Held Auto Refract-Keratometer Retinomax K-plus ●Inverted Research Microscopes ECLIPSE TE300/200●Biological Microscopes ECLIPSE E600/400●Scanning Probe Microscope BioProbe ●Automated Biological Microscope E1000●Ophthalmic Console System Os-Wing/Auto Optester Remote Vision Optical Measuring and Inspection Instruments●Sub-Micron Scales●Data Processor DP-300●CMM TRISTATION 400F●Microscopic Inspection System L-MIC●Dual-Axis Photoelectric Autocollimator●Digital Micrometer DigimicroMH-15M●Non-Contact Automatic Coordi-nate Measuring Projector MZ-1●Measurescopes MM-11/11B/11U/22/22U●Rotary Encoders HSR Series●Teaching CAD System●IC Wafer Inspection SystemOPTISTATION 3●Rotary Encoder ZHR32400●Measuring Microscope MM-100●Non-Contact Probe NP-1●Profile Projector V-12A●Microscopic Inspection System L-MIC2●High-Temperature MicrohardnessTester QM-2●Microscope for LCD SubstrateInspection XD-10●Microscope for LCD SubstrateInspection XD-20●Data Processor DP-302●Position Scales VF1/VFZ1 Series●Macro/Microscopic InspectionSystem L-MAC●Video Measuring System VM-1●CMM TRISTATION SH830●Absolute Encoder MAR-H12●Profile Projectors V-12B/V-10A●Microscopic Inspection SystemL-MIC500●CNC Video Measuring SystemVERITAS●High-Temperature MaterialSurface Evaluation System TS-1●CNC Video Measuring SystemNEXIV VM-500N●LCD Substrate Fine PatternMetrology System L-NRM●IC Wafer Inspection SystemOPTISTATION V●Measuring Microscopes MM-40/60Series●Wafer Loaders NWL-860TMB/TM/T●Data Processing SoftwareDP-100C●Data Processor DP-303●Profile Projector V-20BSport Optics●8cmED Refracting Telescope●Loupes POP-10D/16D●3.5x Sports Glass●7x35E CF/8x30E CF/10x35E CF/12x40●10x25CF WP/RA●6-12x24DCF RA Zoom●6x15D Monocular II●Fieldscopes II/ED II●6x15D Monucular II with golfscale●8x23CF WP/RA●V LINE II Series●10x70IF SP WP●8x32DCF HP RA/10x40DCF HP RA●8x30DIF WP/RAII●Fieldscopes II A/EDII A●Go-Coo Series●SPORTSTAR Series●Reading loupes 4D III/8D IIIAS/10D III AS, 14D AS/20D AS●4x25 Opera Glass●8x23CF AS/10x25CF AS●Fieldscopes ED78/ED78 A●Sporting II Series●10x42SE CF●Fieldmicroscope●DX Series●5x15DCF Titanium/5x15DCFViolet limited model●8-20x25CF Zoom●8x25CF WP RAII/10x25CF WP RAII●18x70IF WP WF●Racket-type loupes 4D/8D/10D●Pocket-type loupes 12D/16D/20D●6x15M CF●8x42HG DCF WP/10x42HG DCF WPSurveying Instruments●Total Stations DTM-20 Series●3D Measuring System PHOCAS●Portable Data Collector KS1600K●Total Stations DTM-20 Series●Surveying Post ProcessingSystem PSS-11T/S●TV Electronic Theodolite TV NE-10C●Electronic Theodolites NE-20SSeries●Electronic Positioning StaffEPS-05A●Total Stations DTM-A Series●Total Station D-50●Electronic Positioning StaffEPS-02A●Digital Level Sensor DS-30●Total Stations DTM-700 Series●TV Electronic Theodolite TVNE-10CII●GPS Surveying System NJ-4000Series●Total Stations DTM-300 Series●Total Stations DTM-400 SeriesEyewear●Sunglasses Southern Wind Marine Sports●Ophthalmic Frame for Progressive AdditionLens SLIDEVIEW●Sunglasses Nikon WINTER SPORTS●Sunglasses PLAYBOY●Sunglasses PALOMA PICASSO●Progressive Addition Lens SV Excela●Progressive Addition Lens SV Custom●Organic Eyeglass Lens Nikon Lite III Hard ClearCoat●Suglasses Nikon MULTISPORT SUNGLASSES●Progressive Addition Lens SV Custom-R●Ophthalmic Frames THECREWS/SOLFEGE/Safilo Line/EX Line●Organic Eyeglass Lens Nikon Lite DXII HardClear Coat●Aspheric High-Index Organic Lens Nikon Lite III-AS●Progressive Addition Lens SV Excela-R●Sunglasses and Ophthalmic Frames KarlLagerfeld/Lolita Lempicka●Sunglasses TAKEZO●Ophthalmic Frame Carbomax II●Hearing Aids ism●Ophthalmic Frame Pockecarry●Ophthalmic Frame Jewel Pretia●Organic Eyeglass Lens Nikon Lite DXIII●Progressive Addition Lenses Presio FX/DX●EC Sunglasses Selpeed●Ophthalmic Frame Fiore Fresco●Ophthalmic Frame and Sunglasses S.T. Dupont●Ophthalmic Frame LOLITABIS●Hearing Aids ism NLC-50/NLB-20●Ophthalmic Frame and Sunglasses Adidas●Sunglasses SunShades●Hearing Aids ism NLC-09●Ophthalmic Frame Adidas (Junior Version)●Ophthalmic Frame Titex Lite●Ophthalmic Frame Pretia●Ophthalmic Frame GX Gold Frame●Organic Eyeglass Lenses Nikon Lite PasselQuale AS/Passel AS●Progressive Addition Lenses Nikon Soltes CP-I/CP-II●Ophthalmic Frame and Sunglasses Calvin Klein●Organic Eyeglass Lens Nikon Lite PC Hard ClearCoat●Progressive Addition Lenses Nikon SoltesFP-I/FP-II/Abios FR-14●Hearing Aids ism NLD-01●Sunglasses cK Calvin Klein●Ophthalmic Frame ELSIA ●Goggles Adidas●Ophthalmic Frame CLASIO198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997232419981999200020012002200320042005Steppers●NSR-S102B (Resolution: 0.35µm)●FX-701M (for LCD)●Success at the demonstrated feasibility of an electron optical system for EB steppers ●NSR-S203B (Resolution: 0.18µm)●Completion of the fifth phase ofconstruction work for No.7 Building of Kumagaya Plant●NSR-S302A (Resolution: 0.18µm)●NSR-S204B (Resolution: 0.18µm)●FX-21S (for LCD)●NSR-2205i14E2 (Resolution: 0.35µm)●NSR-S305B (Resolution:0.13µm)●Cumulative sales of steppers reached 6,000 units●FX-702J (for LCD)●NSR-SF100 (Resolution: 0.4µm)●NSR-S205C (Resolution: 0.15µm)●Cleanroom at Tochigi Nikon expanded ●Cleanroom at No. 7 Building of Kumagaya Plant expanded●Construction of crystal growing furnacefor calcium fluoride crystal in Sagamihara Plant (Operations initiated in April, 2001) ●Cumulative sales of steppers reached 7,000 units●NSR-S306C (Resolution: 0.12µm)●NSR-S206D (Resolution: 0.11µm)●NSR-SF120 (Resolution: 0.28µm)●FX-801M (for LCD)●NSR-S306D (Resolution: 80nm)●FX-51S/61S (for LCD)●NSR-S307E (Resolution: 80nm)●NSR-S207D (Resolution: 0.11µm)●NSR-SF200 (Resolution: 0.15µm)●NSR-SF130 (Resolution: 0.28µm)●FX-53S/63S (for LCD)●NSR-S308F (Resolution: 65nm)●NSR-S208D (Resolution: 0.11µm)●FX-71S/FX-81S (for LCD)●NSR-SF140 (Resolution: 0.28µm)●NSR-S609B (Resolution: 55nm)Film Cameras●Nikon F5 Model of the 50th Anniversary Model of Nikon cameras (Limited edition)●Nikon F60 [N60]*2●Nikon Zoom400/400 QD[Lite-Touch Zoom 80/Lite-Touch Zoom 80 QD]*2●Nikon Zoom600/600 QD[Lite-Touch Zoom 110/Lite-Touch Zoom 110 QD]*2●Nikon Pronea S ●Nikon Nuvis S ●Nikon F100●Nikon Nuvis 200/Nuvis 300●Nikon Nuvis S 2000●Nikon F80/F80D/F80S [N80/N80QD]*2●Nikon S3 Year 2000 Limited Edition ●Nikon Nuvis V●Nikon Lite-Touch Zoom120ED/120ED QD ●Nikon U [F65]*3[N65]*2●Nikon FM3A●Nikon Lite-Touch Zoom 140ED/140ED QD●Nikon Us[F55]*3[N55]*2●Nikon S3 Black body (Limited edition)●Nikon Lite-Touch Zoom 70Ws/70Ws QD ●Nikon Lite-Touch Zoom 130ED/130ED QD ●Nikon Lite-Touch Zoom 110s QD ●b. Nikon !!●Nikon Lite-Touch Zoom 150ED QD ●Nikon U 2 [F75] [N75]●Nikon Lite-Touch Zoom 100W QD●Nikon F6●Nikon SP (Limited Edition)Digital Imaging Equipment and Others ●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX900●Nikon 35mm/IX240 Film Scanner SUPER COOLSCAN 2000●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX600●Nikon Professional Digital Cameras E3/E3s ●Nikon Full Color Printer NP-100●Nikon 35mm/IX240 Film Scanner COOLSCAN III ●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX910●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX950●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX700●Nikon Full Color Printer NP-200●Nikon Professional Digital SLR Camera D1●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX800●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX990●Image Transmission Software TransImage IT-500 Ver. 2●Image Filing Software PC-Archive 1.2●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX880●Nikon 35mm/IX240 Film Scanner SUPER COOLSCAN 4000 ED/COOLSCAN IV ED ●Nikon Digital Camera D1x●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX995●Nikon Film Scanner SUPER COOLSCAN 8000 ED ●Nikon Digital Camera D1H●Digital Photo Network Software TransImage IT-500 Ver.3●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX775/885●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX5000●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX2500●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX5700●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX4500●Nikon Digital Camera D100●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX2000●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX4300●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX3500●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX4300 Black (Limited edition)●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX3100●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX2100●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX SQ ●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX5400●Nikon Digital Camera D2H●Nikon 35mm/IX240 Film Scanner SUPER COOLSCAN 5000 ED/9000 ED/COOLSCAN V ED●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX3700●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX2200●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX3200●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX8700●Nikon Digital Camera Nikon D70●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX4200●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX5200●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX4100●Digital Photo Storage Viewer COOLWALKER MSV-01●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX8400●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX8800●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX4800●Nikon Digital CameraD2x●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX4600●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX5600●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX5900●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX7900●Nikon Digital Camera D2Hs●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX7600●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX S1●Nikon Digital Camera D70s ●Nikon Digital Camera D50●Nikon Digital Camera COOLPIX S2Corporate●Nikon Optical U.K. Ltd. established in U.K.●Nanjing Nikon Jiangnan Optical Instrument Co., Ltd.established in China●In-house company system introduced●Surveying instruments operations became an independent company●Hang Zhou Nikon Camera Co., Ltd. established in China●Nikon-Essilor Co., Ltd., a joint venture with Essilor International S.A. of France, started operations ●Nikon Eyewear Co., Ltd. started operations ●Vision Nikon 21, a new vision statement, enacted●Nikon Precision Singapore Pte Ltd established in Singapore●Nikon Tsubasa Inc. established●Nikon Instruments Inc. and Nikon Eyewear Inc.established in the U.S. (dissolved in 2002)●Nikon Holdings Europe B.V. established in the Netherlands●Nikon (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. established in Malaysia ●Binoculars and Telescopes business became anindependent company and established Nikon Vision Co., Ltd.●Introduction of the Executive Officer System ●Introduction of a Stock Option Program●Nikon Instruments Europe B.V. established in the Netherlands●Nikon Imaging (China) Co., Ltd. established in China ●Dong Guan Nikon Surveying Instruments Co., Ltd established in China●Nikon Precision Shanghai Co., Ltd. established in China ●All Nikon Plants achieved Zero Emission ●Completion of Ohi West Building●A New Brand Symbol for the Nikon Group●Nikon-Trimble Co., Ltd. a joint venture with Trimble Navigation Ltd. of the U.S., established●Nikon Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. established in China●Nikon Polska Sp.z.o.o. established in Poland●Nikon Instruments Korea Co., Ltd. established in Korea●Nikon Imaging(China) Sales Co., Ltd. established in China History[ ]*1: Product names mainly used in Germany.[ ]*2: Product names mainly used in the United States. [ ]*3: Product name used overseas except the United Staes.Years during which products launched in Japan. Some of the products mentioned above are marketed solely in Japan.。