2011青岛科技大学考研真题西方经济学

青岛科技大学二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语注意事项：1．本试卷共4道大题（共计73个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。

要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)1. When he ______ all the newspapers, he’ll go home.a. sellb. has soldc. will have soldd. will be sold2. The machine starts the moment the button ______.a. will be pressedb. is pressedc. has pressedd. has been pressed3. Now that you ______, what are you going to do?a. returnb. are returningc. have returnedd. returned4. I had hoped Mr. Smith ______ me an early reply.a. would giveb. gavec. to gived. giving5. Please be sure to call me the next time you ______.a. will comeb. would comec. comed. shall come6. He went on foot, but he ______ by bus.a. should gob. could have gonec. ought have goned. could be gone7. “Time is running out, ______?”a. hadn’t we better got startb. hadn’t we better get startc. hadn’t we better get startedd. hadn’t we better got started8. Were it not for the debts, we ______ all right.a. would beb. would have beenc. wered. are9. When Joyce was told the whole story, she ______ in the film.a. ceased interestb. ceased being interestedc. ceased interestedd. ceased to interest10. We often hear about airplanes ______ because of technical faults.a. delayingb. being delayedc. be delayedd. to be delayed11. Revolution means ______ the productive forces.a. to liberateb. liberatec. liberatedd. liberating12. Why do you stand and watch the milk ______ over?a. boilingb. boiledc. to boild. being boiled13. A phone call sent him ______ to the hospital.a. hurryb. hurryingc. to hurryd. hurried14. They want the power station ______ as soon as possible.a. to set upb. to be set upc. being set upd. to have been set up15. Once ______ oxygen, the brain dies.a. deprived ofb. depriving ofc. having deprived ofd. deprived16. Every means ______ tried but without much result.a. has beenb. have beenc. ared. is17. The young in spirit ______ the vital forces in our society.a. isb. arec. has beend. have been18. Rarely ______ such a silly thing.a. have I heard ofb. I have been heard ofc. have I been heard ofd. I have heard of19. He knows little of mathematics, ______ of chemistry.A. as well as b. and still less c. no less than d. and still more20. Five minutes earlier, ______ we could have caught the last train.a. orb. butc. andd. so21. He works too hard. That is ______ is wrong with him.a. that whichb. that whatc. whatd. the thing that22. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens ______ his father died.a. thanb. asc. whiled. when23. Electricity power is transmitted from power plant to places ______.a. that it is neededb. to which it is neededc. where it is neededd. when it is needed24. That terrible noise is ______ me mad.a. puttingb. settingc. drivingd. turning25. All the rooms have ______ carpets, which are included in the price of the house.a. adaptedb. designedc. equippedd. fitted26. Is this a good camera? Can it take color ______?a. portraitsb. filmshowsc. picturesd. paintings27. His advice to wear white clothes in a hot, sunny climate was followed.This ______ helped people to be cooler.a. demandb. recommendationc. inventiond. request28. I just have a few household ______ to cope with and then I’ll be freeto come out with you.a. assignmentsb. chargesc. choresd. errands29. His breaking of the rules set a dangerous ______.a. customb. precedentc. practiced. usage30. They had dug out an ice cave to provide ______ for the night.a. safetyb. refugec. retreatd. shelterPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Read the article carefully and answer the questions that follow in Section A, B, C, and D.CIVILIZATION & HISTORY1 Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field, but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of the conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently----this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done ----is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.2 That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets----while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life---nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.3 But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jelly-fish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundredyears; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.Section AAnswer the following questions.31.This essay can be divided into two main parts, although it has threeparagraphs. Where do you think the second part begins----at the beginning of the second paragraph or of the third?32.Which of the following sentences gives the best summary of the firstpart?(a) Some of the people who helped civilization forward are notmentioned at all in history books.(b) Conquerors and generals have been our most famous men, but theydid not help civilization forward.(c) It is true that people today do not fight or kill people in the streets.33.Which of the following sentences best summarizes the second part ofthe essay?(a) In order to understand the long periods of history, we have to scalethem down to shorter periods.(b) The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business.(c) Mankind is only at the beginning of civilized life; so we mustexpect a great deal of civilization at this stage.34. What the examples does the author give of people who really helpedcivilization forward?35. In what way are great soldiers similar to animals?36. Are people today more civilized in any way than in the past? If so, inwhat way?37. What were the earliest forms of life on this earth?38. When will there be no life on this earth, according to the author?39. The word ‘figure’ is both used in the first paragraph and in the third.Does it have the same meaning in both places? If not, what are itstwo different meanings?40. Is the author hopeful about the figure of civilization? How do you know?Section BAnswer the questions by choosing the best alternative (a, b, c, d) under each.41. In the first sentence, the author says that______.(a) most history books were written by conquerors, general and soldiers.(b) no one who really helped civilization forward is mentioned in anyhistory books.(c) history books tell us far more about conquerors and soldiers than about thosewho helped civilization forward.(d) conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.42. On all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world, we find_____.(a) the figure of the same conqueror or general or soldier.(b) the figure of some conqueror or general or soldier.(c) a figure representing the number of conquerors, generals andsoldiers in that country.(d) the figure of a person who helped civilization forward.43. Most people believe that the greatest countries are _____.(a) those that built the highest pillars.(b) those that were beaten in battle by the greatest number of othercountries.(c) those that were ruled by the greatest number of conquerors.(d) those that won greatest number of battles against other countries.44. In the author’s opinion, the countries that ruled a large number ofother countries are _____.(a) certainly not the greatest in any way.(b) neither the greatest not the most civilized(c) possibly the most civilized but not the greatest.(d) possibly the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.45. The author says that civilized people _____.(a) should not have any quarrels to settle.(b) should not fight when there are no quarrels to settle.(c) should settle their quarrels without fighting.(d) should settle their quarrels by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side.46. ‘That is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.’ The meaning of this sentence is that _____.(a) those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.(b) only those who are powerful should go to war.(c) those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.(d) in a war only those who are powerful will win.47. ‘Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history.’ The author says this in order to show that our own age is _____.(a) different from those of the past.(b) not much better than those of the past.(c) much better than those of the past.(d) not so civilized as those of the past.48. ‘From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed.’ The author says this in order to show that _____.(a) very young children are not civilized.(b) evolution does not help civilization forward.(c) human beings have learnt very little in a very long time.(d) human beings are still at the beginning of their life on this earth.49. The scale which the author uses for representing time is _____.(a) one month = one million years.(b) one hundred years = eight thousand years.(c) one year = one million years.(d) one month = twelve hundred million years.50. ‘We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done thesethings.’ Thissuggests that _____.(a) those who have done any fighting and bullying cannot be consideredcivilized.(b) there is nothing wrong if civilized people do some fighting andbullying.(c) even civilized people have done some fighting and bullying.(d) civilized people have never done any fighting and bullying. Section CFind single words in this essay which have roughly the meanings given below.51.uncivilized person52.fertilized53.image of a person made from stone, metal etc.54.quarrel or difference of opinion55.strength or power56.all human beings considered together57.boneless sea-animal which evolved very early on58.count or estimate59.as bad as animals in behaviors60. causing painSection DMatch the words given under A with the meaning given under B. list B has some extra items.A B61. grab (a) gradual development62. mutilate (b) honorable, famous63. seaworthy (c) a straight, tall support64. reckon (d) good at producing results65. conqueror (e) fit to sail in the sea(f) think (on the basis of a calculation)66. glorious (g) get hold of67. bully (h) one who defeats another country68. pillar (i) be cruel to someone weaker69. evolution (j) destroy or injure an important part70. efficient (k) one who gets other people to fight for him(l) put things on a smaller scale(m) an officer of the navyPart III Translation (50 points)Section ATranslate the underlined part of the Chinese text into English.人生里有离别也是好事。

青岛科技大学二○一一年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：情报学基础注意事项：1．本试卷共5道大题（共计16个小题），满分150分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。

要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡一、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1、采用Google搜索引擎进行检索时，请写出4种能够有效设定检索范围的检索算符（1）________（2）________（3）_______（4）_______2、竞争情报研究的内容包括（5）__________（6）________（7）________（8）_________3、一般竞争情报按性质划分为（9）_________（10）___________二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1、什么是反竞争情报，包括哪几个部分？2、什么是小世界原理？试构想你和一个素不相识的非洲肯尼亚人的联系方式。

3、简述德尔菲法及特点三、解析题（每题10分，共30分）1、汽车时速200公里的情况下发生交通事故的概率是否大于汽车在时速50公里时的概率？中国至今未发生一起汽车时速350公里以上的交通事故，你认为原因何在？2、美国一家报纸经过研究发现，美国的暴力事件大多数发生在家中，纽约中央公园也经常发生暴力事件，但发生概率却低于在家中，故人们睡在中央公园要比家里更安全。

这个推理是否正确，为什么？3、一个农场主饲养了一些家畜，其中57%是牛，14%是猪，其余的畜类占29%，如果其余的畜类包括了鸡和羊。

这个农场主最少养的各种畜类是多少？四、逻辑题（每题5分，共25分）请从A/B/C/D/E中选择一个最适合的答案。

1、为了估计当前人们对管理基本知识掌握的水平，《管理者》杂志向读者开展了一次管理知识有奖答卷活动。

答卷评分后发现，60%的参加者对管理基本知识掌握的水平很高，30%左右的参加者也表现出了一定的水平。

第二章需求、供给和均衡价格1。

已知某一时期内某商品的需求函数为Q d＝50－5P，供给函数为Q s＝－10＋5P.(1)求均衡价格P e和均衡数量Q e，并作出几何图形.（2)假定供给函数不变，由于消费者收入水平提高,使需求函数变为Q d＝60－5P。

求出相应的均衡价格P e和均衡数量Q e,并作出几何图形。

(3)假定需求函数不变，由于生产技术水平提高,使供给函数变为Q s＝－5＋5P。

求出相应的均衡价格P e 和均衡数量Q e,并作出几何图形。

（4)利用（1）、(2)和(3），说明静态分析和比较静态分析的联系和区别。

（5）利用(1）、(2）和(3)，说明需求变动和供给变动对均衡价格和均衡数量的影响。

解答：（1）将需求函数Q d＝50－5P和供给函数Q s＝－10＋5P代入均衡条件Q d＝Q s，有50－5P＝－10＋5P得P e＝6将均衡价格P e＝6代入需求函数Q d＝50－5P,得Q e＝50－5×6＝20或者，将均衡价格P e＝6代入供给函数Q s＝－10＋5P，得Q e＝－10＋5×6＝20所以,均衡价格和均衡数量分别为P e＝6，Q e＝20。

如图2—1所示。

图2—1(2）将由于消费者收入水平提高而产生的需求函数Q d＝60－5P和原供给函数Q s＝－10＋5P代入均衡条件Q d＝Q s，有60－5P＝－10＋5P得P e＝7将均衡价格P e＝7代入Q d＝60－5P，得Q e＝60－5×7＝25或者，将均衡价格P e＝7代入Q s＝－10＋5P，得Q e＝－10＋5×7＝25所以，均衡价格和均衡数量分别为P e＝7，Q e＝25。

如图2-2所示。

图2—2（3）将原需求函数Q d＝50－5P和由于技术水平提高而产生的供给函数Q s＝－5＋5P代入均衡条件Q d＝Q s，有50－5P＝－5＋5P得P e＝5.5将均衡价格P e＝5.5代入Q d＝50－5P，得Q e＝50－5×5。

[考研类试卷]西方经济学历年真题试卷汇编5一、计算题1 市场上黄瓜价格P X=3元，西红柿价格P Y=4元，张三的收入为50元，其效用函数为U(X，Y)=(X2+Y2)的平方根。

(1)根据上述条件计算张三的最大效用； (2)做出张三的无差异曲线和预算线的图，分析张三的最优消费组合，与(1)对比，说明其有何区别并说明理由。

(中国人民大学2010研)2 已知生产函数为Q=min(L，K)。

(1)如果产量Q=20单位，则L与K分别为多少?(2)如果价格为(1，1)，则生产10单位产量的最小成本是多少?(华东理工大学2007研)3 假如一个企业家拥有两个工厂生产相同的产品，两个工厂的生产函数均为q i=(i=1，2)。

两个工厂的初始资本存量K1=25，K2=100。

单位L和K的要素价格w和v均为1。

(1)企业家要使短期成本最小化，产出在两个工厂之间该如何分配?(2)企业家要使长期成本最小化，产出在两个工厂之间该如何分配?(中国人民大学2011研)4 假设某完全竞争行业有200个相同的企业，企业的短期成本函数为TC=0．2Q2+Q+15，市场需求函数为Q D=2475-95P，厂商的长期总成本函数为LTC=0．1Q3-1．2Q2+11．1Q，求： (1)市场短期均衡价格、产量及厂商利润。

(2)市场长期均衡价格与产量。

(3)说明是否会有厂商退出经营。

(西安交通大学2011研)5 两家公司生产同一商品，生产函数为P=80-Q，商品的边际成本为常数20，在给定市场需求和边际成本情况下，确定商品产量。

(1)如果两个公司为古诺垄断厂商，共同确定产量，问两个公司的产量分别是多少?价格分别为多少?利润分别为多少?(2)如果一公司先决定产量，二公司根据一公司产量来确定其产量，问两个公司的产量分别是多少?价格分别为多少?利润分别为多少?(3)如果两个公司形成卡特尔，请问市场供求和价格是多少?两家公司间如何分配产量?利润分别为多少?(中央财经大学2011研)6 两阶段博弈，第一阶段垄断供应商定价w，第二阶段下游经营商定价P1，P2且两家经销商面临的需求为Q1=12-2P1+P2，Q2=12-2P2+P1，且供应商和经销商的成本均为0，求该博弈的SPNE下的w，p1，P2。

青岛大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：852科目名称：西方经济学与国际经济学（共2页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释（每题3分，共24分）1.边际收益2.消费者剩余3.等产量曲线4.充分就业的国民产出5.长期菲利普斯曲线6.内生经济增长7.最佳关税8.自愿出口限制二、简答题（每题8分，共56分）1.试述短期成本和长期成本之间的关系。

2.为什么劳动的供给曲线是向后弯曲的?3.经济周期的衰退阶段有哪些特征？4.简述货币政策的局限性。

5.什么是“里昂惕夫之谜”？解释“里昂惕夫之谜”的主要理论有哪些?6.试用局部均衡法分析关税效应？7.本币贬值能否改善一国的国际收支？三、计算题（每题8分，共16分）1.已知某企业的单一可变投入（X）与产出（Q）的关系如下：Q=1000X＋1000X2－2X3试求：（1）当X分别为200、300单位时，其边际产量和平均产量各为多少？（2）该生产函数的三个生产阶段分界点的产出量分别为多少？2.假设某经济社会的消费函数为C=100+0.8Y，投资为50亿元。

试求：（1）均衡收入、消费和储蓄。

（2）如果投资增加到100亿元，求增加的收入。

（3）若消费函数变为C=100+0.9Y，投资仍为50亿元，收入和储蓄各为多少？（4）消费函数变动后，乘数有什么变化？四、论述题（每题18分，共54分）1.对比分析垄断竞争市场结构与完全竞争市场结构的异同。

2.国际金融危机爆发后，我国政府通过扩大内需来保持经济的较快增长，试用所学经济学原理对该政策予以解释和评价。

3.联系中国实际，说明李嘉图“比较成本理论”的意义。

目　录
第一部分　864西方经济学（2）历年真题
2014年青岛大学864西方经济学（2）考研真题
2013年青岛大学864西方经济学（2）考研真题
2012年青岛大学864西方经济学（2）考研真题
2011年青岛大学864西方经济学（2）考研真题
2010年青岛大学864西方经济学（2）考研真题
2009年青岛大学864西方经济学（2）考研真题
第二部分　894宏微观经济学历年真题
2016年青岛大学894宏微观经济学考研真题
2015年青岛大学894宏微观经济学考研真题
2014年青岛大学894宏微观经济学考研真题
第一部分　864西方经济学（2）历年真题2014年青岛大学864西方经济学（2）考研真题。

2011年山东青岛大学西方经济学(1)考研真题一、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1、规模报酬递增2、边际产品价值3、帕累托最优4、纳什均衡5、自然垄断二、选择题（每题2分，共30分）1．某种商品的价格变动10%，需求量变动20%，则它的弹性系数是（）A．10%B．20%C．1/2D．22、下面哪一种情况表明存在着价格下限：（）A．尽管现在供给过剩，但生产者仍在增加供给B．由于供给过剩，消费者已不愿意购买C．供求平衡D．生产者的产品全卖了出去3、假如某个夏天飓风忽然把田地里的甘蔗田摧毁，并且天气忽然变得炎热起来，市场上冰激凌的均衡价格和均衡产量将发生怎样变化？（）A.价格将上升，产量将增加；B.价格将上升，产量将减少；C.价格将下降，产量将减少；D.价格将上升，不能确定产量的变化。

4、边际产量递减规律所研究的问题是（）A．各种生产要素按不同比例变动对产量的影响B．其他生产要素不变，一种生产要素变动对产量的影响C．一种生产要素不变，其他几种生产要素变动对产量的影响D．各种生产要素同比例变动对产量的影响5、一垄断者如果有一线性需求函数，总收益增加时（）A、边际收益为正值且递增；B、边际收益为正值且递减；C、边际收益为负值；D、边际收益为零。

6、卡特尔制定统一价格的原则是（）A、使整个卡特尔的产量最大；B、使整个卡特尔的利润最大；C、使整个卡特尔的成本最小；D、使整个卡特尔中各厂商的利润最大。

7、当消费者的收入增加80%时，某商品的需求量增加40%，则该商品极可能是（）。

A、必需品B、奢侈品C、低档商品D、吉芬商品8、如果收入不变，两种商品的价格同比例上升，则消费可能线（）A．向右上方平行移动B．向左下方平行移动C．不发生变动D．向左下方非平行移动9、下列那种情况不属于消费者均衡的条件（）10、一完全竞争厂商在短期均衡时可能是（）A、AVC曲线下降；B、AC下降；C、MC下降；D、一可变要素的平均产量上升。