同等学力英语申硕考试词组第六版大纲)word版-可编辑

同等学力英语(第六版)考试大纲及样卷同等学力英语(第六版)考试大纲及样卷同等学力英语考试是为了评估非英语专业硕士研究生在英语听、说、读、写方面的能力而设计的考试。

本文将介绍同等学力英语考试的大纲和样卷，帮助考生更好地了解考试的要求和格式。

一、考试大纲同等学力英语考试的大纲主要分为听力、口语、阅读和写作四个部分。

1. 听力同等学力英语考试的听力部分主要测试考生对英语语音、语调和基本听力技巧的掌握。

考试内容包括听短对话、长对话、短文等各类听力材料，并以选择题的形式进行答题。

2. 口语同等学力英语考试的口语部分主要测试考生的口语表达能力和交际能力。

考试内容包括个人陈述、对话、讨论等形式，要求考生能够进行流利的口语表达，准确地传达自己的观点和意见。

3. 阅读同等学力英语考试的阅读部分主要测试考生的阅读理解和分析能力。

考试内容包括短文阅读、长篇阅读等，考生需要准确理解文章的主旨和细节，并进行相关问题的答题。

4. 写作同等学力英语考试的写作部分主要测试考生的写作能力和组织能力。

考试内容包括作文、写信等形式，要求考生能够清晰地表达自己的观点和论据，同时具备良好的语法和词汇运用能力。

二、样卷分析为了更好地帮助考生熟悉考试形式和内容，同等学力英语考试提供了样卷供考生参考。

1. 听力样卷同等学力英语考试的听力样卷主要包括听力材料和相应的选择题。

考生需要仔细听取录音，并根据所听内容选择正确的答案。

样卷中的听力材料包括日常生活对话、新闻报道等，旨在考察考生的听力理解能力。

2. 口语样卷同等学力英语考试的口语样卷主要包括个人陈述和对话。

考生需要根据题目要求进行个人陈述或对话，展示自己的口语表达能力和交际能力。

样卷中的口语题目包括个人介绍、描述图片、讨论问题等，旨在考察考生的口语流利程度和语言交际能力。

3. 阅读样卷同等学力英语考试的阅读样卷主要包括短文阅读和长篇阅读。

考生需要仔细阅读文章，并回答相关的问题。

样卷中的文章内容涵盖社会、文化、科技等多个领域，旨在考察考生的阅读理解和分析能力。

（第六版）同等学力英语考试大纲一、指导思想为了客观地测试以同等学力申请硕士学位人员(以下简称同等学力人员)的英语水平，保证学位授予的质量，根据国务院学位委员会办公室关于修订《同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试大纲》的要求以及相关会议的精神，在总结近几年来同等学力人员英语水平统一考试经验的基础上，结合同等学力人员学习英语的特点，开展了第五次修订工作并形成新的考试大纲(第六版)。

本考试大纲要求通过教学使学生具有较好的用英语获取信息的能力和一定的用英语传递信息的能力。

这就要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力，一定的口语交际能力和语篇信息处理能力，同时也必须具有一定的英译汉能力和写作能力。

本考试旨在测试考生是否达到大纲所规定的各项要求和具有大纲所规定的各项语言运用能力。

二、评价目标本考试重点考查考生的英语口语交际、阅读、语篇完形处理、英译汉和写作等技能(由于技术上的原因，本考试暂时取消听力测试，口语交际技能的测试采用书面形式进行。

考生听力能力的测试由各院校在考生学习期间进行)。

考生应在词汇知识、语法知识、口语交际能力、阅读理解能力、语篇完形处理能力、英译汉能力和写作能力等方面分别达到以下要求： (一)词汇掌握约6 000个英语词汇和约700个常用词组(见附录一和附录二)。

对6000个词汇中的2 800个左右的积极词汇(词汇表中用黑体标出的词)要求熟练掌握，即能在口语交际和写作中准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读、语篇完形处理和英译汉等过程中识别和理解。

(二)语法掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇。

(三)口语交际能用英语进行日常口语交流。

对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语交流，能理解交流情景、说话人的意图和会话的含义，并能运用相应的知识和判断进行恰当的交流。

能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。

(四)阅读能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能读懂一般性题材的文章、广告等应用性文本和博客及跟帖等互动形式的阅读材料。

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同等学力申硕英语第六版大纲词组同等学力申硕英语考试是为了毕业于普通本专科院校的学生提供升学深造的机会。

对于考生来说，掌握考试大纲中的词组是非常重要的，因为这些词组往往是考试中的重点和难点。

本文将介绍同等学力申硕英语第六版大纲中常见的词组，并提供适用的格式进行呈现。

1. 笔记和学习方法首先，无论学习什么课程，好的笔记是非常重要的。

同等学历申硕英语要求考生有良好的阅读理解和写作能力。

对于阅读理解的学习，可以使用一些方法来提高效率。

例如，采用主题法，将同一主题相关的文章和词组放在一起进行学习；使用归纳法，将文章中的关键词和词组整理成表格或图表，便于记忆和理解。

另外，背诵和掌握例句也是提高写作能力的有效途径。

同等学力申硕英语写作要求考生能够清晰准确地表达自己的观点和看法。

通过背诵和模仿优秀范文中的词组和句型，可以提高写作的表达能力。

2. 阅读理解的词组同等学力申硕英语考试中的阅读理解部分常常包含一些固定的搭配和词组。

这些词组不仅能够帮助理解文章，还能提高阅读速度和准确性。

以下是一些常见的词组：- as a matter of fact（事实上）- in light of（鉴于）- due to（由于）- under no circumstances（无论如何）- by means of（通过）- regardless of（不管）- on behalf of（代表）- in terms of（就...而言）- as far as...is concerned（就...而言）3. 写作中常用的词组同等学力申硕英语写作中，使用恰当的词组可以使文章更具表达力和逻辑性。

以下是一些常见的写作词组：- take into consideration（考虑到）- play a crucial role in（在...中起到重要作用）- give rise to（引起）- have a profound impact on（对...有深远影响）- be conducive to（有利于）- shed light on（阐明）- be in line with（与...一致）- be characterized by（以...为特点）4. 口语交流的词组同等学力申硕英语考试中的口语交流部分，考生需要能够流利地表达自己的观点和看法。

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同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲（第六版）一、指导思想为了客观地测试以同等学力申请硕士学位人员（以下简称同等学力人员）的英语水平，保证学位授予的质量，根据国务院学位委员会办公室关于修订《同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》的要求以及相关会议的精神，在总结近几年来同等学力人员英语水平统一考试经验的基础上，结合同等学力人员学习英语的特点，开展了第五次修订工作并形成新的考试大纲（第六版）。

本考试大纲要求通过教学使学生具有较好的用英语获取信息的能力和一定的用英语传递信息的能力。

这就要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力，一定的口语交际能力和语篇信息处理能力，同时也必须具有一定的英译汉能力和写作能力。

本考试旨在测试考生是否达到大纲所规定的各项要求和具有大纲所规定的各项语言运用能力。

二、评价目标本考试重点考查考生的英语口语交际、阅读、语篇完形处理、英译汉和写作等技能（由于技术上的原因，本考试暂时取消听力测试，口语交际技能的测试采用书面形式进行。

考生听力能力的测试由各院校在考生学习期间进行）。

考生应在词汇知识、语法知识、口语交际能力、阅读理解能力、语篇完形处理能力、英译汉能力和写作能力等方面分别达到以下要求：（一）词汇掌握约6000个英语词汇和约700个常用词组（见附录一和附录二）。

对6000个词汇中的2800个左右的积极词汇（词汇表中用黑体标出的词）要求熟练掌握，即能在口语交际和写作中准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读、语篇完形处理和英译汉等过程中识别和理解。

（二）语法掌握英语的基本语法知识、常用句型和结构，能正确理解包含这些知识、句型和结构的句子和语篇。

（三）口语交际能用英语进行日常口语交流。

对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语交流，能理解交流情景、说话人的意图和会话的含义，并能运用相应的知识和判断进行恰当的交流。

能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。

（四）阅读能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能读懂一般性题材的文章、广告等应用性文本和博客及跟帖等互动形式的阅读材料。

一致学力人员申请硕士学位英语程度全国同一测验大纲(第六版)一.指点思惟本测验大纲领求经由过程教授教养使学生具有较好的用英语获守信息的才能和必定的用英语传递信息的才能.这就请求考生具有较强的浏览懂得才能,必定的白话外交才能和语篇信息处理才能,同时也必须具有必定的英译汉才能和写作才能.本测验旨在测试考生是否达到大纲所划定的各项要乞降具有大纲所划定的各项说话应用才能. 二.评价目的本测验重点考查考生的英语白话外交.浏览.语篇完形处理.英译汉和写作等技巧(因为技巧上的原因,本测验临时撤消听力测试,白话外交技巧的测试采取书面情势进行.考生听力才能的测试由各院校在考生进修时代进行).考生应在词汇常识.语法常识.白话外交才能.浏览懂得才能.语篇完形处理才能.英译汉才能和写作才能等方面分离达到以下请求：(一)词汇控制约6 000个英语词汇和约700个经常应用词组.对6 000个词汇中的2 800个阁下的积极词汇请求闇练控制,即能在白话外交和写作中精确地应用;其余词汇则请求能在浏览.语篇完形处理和英译汉等进程中辨认和懂得. (二)语法控制英语的根本语法常识.经常应用句型和构造,能精确懂得包含这些常识.句型和构造的句子和语篇. (三)白话外交能用英语进行日常白话交换.对于生涯.进修和工作中的罕有英语交换,能懂得交换情景.措辞人的意图和会话的寄义,并能应用响应的常识和断定进行适当的交换.能精确懂得英语白话中罕有的习习用法. (四)浏览能分解应用英语说话常识和浏览技巧读懂一般性题材的文章.告白等应用性文本和博客及跟帖等互动情势的浏览材料.请求能抓住大意,读懂细节,能懂得高低文的逻辑关系,并能体会和分辩作者或话语介入各方的重要意图和立场及其异一致. (五)语篇完形处理在懂得浏览材料的基本上能分解应用词汇.语法.搭配.语段.篇章逻辑等方面的常识和高低文等对语篇各层次的信息进行精确断定和完型处理. (六)英译汉能在不借助词典的情形下,把一般性题材的文章及科普文章中的段落从英语译成汉语,能精确表达原文的意思,语句通顺,用词根本精确,无重大说话错误. (七)写作具有效书面英语表达思惟和看法的基本性力.所写文章应符合主题,能精确表达思惟,意义连贯,无重大说话错误. 三.题型.题量.分值及参考答题时光本测验所制订的试卷共有七个部分,包含白话外交.词汇.浏览懂得.完形填空.短文完成.英译汉和写作.卷面满分为100分,测验时光共计150分钟. 第一部分白话外交本部分共设10题,每题1分,测验时光为15分钟.本部分包含 A.B两节,A节为完成对话,B节为完成访谈或问答等.在每段对话.访谈或问答等白话转写资估中设置3—4个空白,并在材料前给出一致数目的出自材料本身的备选答案.请求考生从备选答案中为每个空白选出一个最佳答案,使转写材料完全. 第二部分词汇本部分共设10题,每题1分,测验时光为10分钟.本部分设选择调换和选择填空两种题型,每次测验只采取个中一种.选择调换请求考生依据句意对句中带下画线的一个词或词组进行调换选择,即从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳调换词或词组.选择填空请求考生依据句意对句中的一个空白进行填空选择,即从所给的4个备选答案中选出最佳答案并填人空白处,使句子完全. 第三部分浏览懂得本部分共设25题,每题1分,测验时光为45分钟.本部分包含 A.B两节,A节为段落浏览,B节的浏览情势可所以博客与跟帖或相干短文浏览.短文主题快凑.告白浏览等.A节请求考生在对浏览材料懂得的基本上从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳答案.B节除了四选一以外,还可以在几份浏览材料的响应地位设置若干个空白,同时在它们前面供给一致数目的备选答案,请求考生依据考题指令从备选答案中为每个空白选出一个最佳答案. 第四部分完形填空本部分共设10题,每题1分,测验时光为10分钟.本部分在一篇难度适中的短文中设置10个空白,每个空白给出4个备选答案,请求考生从所给备选答案中选出一个最佳答案,使短文完全. 第五部分短文完成本部分共设20题,每题1分,测验时光为20分钟.本部分共有3篇短文,每篇短文自身有3—4个空白.同时,每篇短文前面又设有3—4个带有1个空白的说话段.这些说话段前设有方框,个中为每个说话段的空白供给了响应的备选答案.短文和说话段共设置20个空白.本部分请求考生在懂得短文和说话段的基本上完成两项义务：一是从说话段前面的方框中所设的备选答案中选出一个最佳答案分离填人各个说话段的空白处,使响应的说话段完全;二是从短文前的3—4个说话段选项中选出一个最佳答案分离填人短文的响应空白处.两项义务完成后应当使短文完全. 第六部分英译汉本部分请求考生把一段100词阁下的英语短文翻译成汉语,共10分,测验时光为20分钟.请求译辞意思精确,文字通顺. 第七部分写作本部分请求考生在规准时光内,按照话题和提纲的请求用英语写出一篇许多于150词的短文,共15分,测验时光为30分钟.本部分的测验情势还可所以看图作文.描写图表或依据一篇所给的文章写出内容提纲或读后感等.四.题型.题量.记分及参考答题时光一览表一致学力申请硕士学位人员英语程度测验的题型.题量.记分及参考答题时光如下：2015一致学力人员申请硕士学位外国语程度全国同一测验英语试卷一Paper One (100minutes)Part I Oral Communication (15 minutes,10 points) Section ADirections：In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A,B and C,taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. Do you know what a handicapped space is?B. The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.C. Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have a special permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes, I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3 .参考答案：ACBDialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May I have your driver’s license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse me. I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.Student: Thank you. I’ll do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student: Here it is.Student: Yes. I know what to do.Librarian: ____6____Student: OK. I see.Librarian: Thank you for joining the library; We look forward to serving you.参考答案BCASection BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. And fooled the boys for a while.B. And I don’t think the boys have minded.C. Well, it’s because my British publisher.D. All this time I thought you were ‘’.Winfrey: So, this is the first time we’ve met.Rowling: Yes,it is .Rowling: (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey: J.K is …Rowling: ____8_____. When the first book came out, they thought ‘this is a book that will appeal to boys ’, but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman hadwritten it. So they said to me ‘could we use yourinitials ’and I said ‘fine’. I only have one initial.I don’t have a middle name. So I took my favorite grandmother’s name, Kathleen.Winfrey: ____9_____Rowling: Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey: ___10____Rowling: NO —it hasn’t held me back, has it?参考答案：DCABPart II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that bestkeeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer onthe Answer Sheet.11. There are several different options forgetting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD. reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB. substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. i mpa tientD. positive14. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn’t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. except20. I prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedly参考答案：11-15 A D A B C 16-20 D C A C B Part III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran,46, a philanthropist(慈善家)from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained, the better I got,” Curran said,” but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.”Eventually , they worked up to runningmarathons(马拉松)(and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate- milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,”which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.“In the beginning, running was enough,” said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year cantake that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous .Hence, the search for new adventures began.”“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,”said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon fours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.21. At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive tours24. The classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treatedas children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in theplace of a parent.” It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.This idea developed long ago in British commonlaw to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students’parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “”.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960,the court ruled that Alabama State CollegeA. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn’t interfere with students’ dailylifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents_____A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and studyC. care less about their children’s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children’s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture ofthe natural word. They don’t move they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –atleast not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talkto each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes,release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plantsinfested(损害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their ownweapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______A. how plats receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information totheir neighborC. how many types of plants release compoundsinto the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were______A. placed separately but connected through airB. expose to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. Plant Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month .The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekendpossibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that arc already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver’s mayorseeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be madeto 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of1,830. There would be more trains and more “sea bus”ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just afew decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain,the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer,leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C$7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year trafficupgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-importantif Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want to go to.”He says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver asa liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residents because .A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents’complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirstfor Diet Coke is running dry again-and this time it could be for good.The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing- it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers. The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.”said Howard Telford, an industry analyst.“There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether. I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore.Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks.Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece.The reason for the fall off is simply the explosion in consumption of bottled waters and energy drinks.Comment5As people learn more about health and wellness they will consume less sugar,less soda,less artificial sweeteners.41.What do we know about diet soda sale?A.It began to undergo a gradual drop starting from 2000.B.It was on the decline since the 1990s but is on the rise now.C.It reached its peak in the 2000s but began to drop since then.D.It has been decreasing since the 1990s.42.What does the author think of the prospects of diet soda sale?A.It will continue to drop.B.It will get better soon.C.It is hard to say for sure.D.It may have ups and downs.43.Which comment gives a personal reason for quitting diet colas?ment5.ment4.ment3.ment1.44.Which comment supports the author’s point of view?A. Comment2.B. Comment3.C. Comment4.D. Comment5.45.Which comments disagree with the author on the author on the cause of soda sale slowdown?A. Comment3 and Comment5.B. Comment2 and Comment4.C. Comment1 and Comment4.D. Comment2 and Comment3.Part IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said: “My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news. She has 46 about whatshe has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. Thatnight she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said: “ My six-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified. She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way andthat she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news reports can frighten children? In one survey, nearly 40 percent of parentssaid that their children had been 49 by something theysaw in the news and that, 50 , the children had fearedthat a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often 51 the news differently from adults. For example, small children maybelieve that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .” But repeated exposure to disturbing news reports can cause children to develop lasting fears. “Children who watch a lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is,” observes the Kaiser Family Foundation.46.A. thoughts B. nightmares C. ideas D. pictures47. A. afterward B. ago C. before D. later48. A. should B. might C. could D. would49. A. bored B. angered C. upset D. disappointed50. A. in no time B. by all means C. all the moreD. as a result51. A. tell B. interpret C. narrate D. treat52. A. tragedy B. comedy C. play D. drama53. A. imagination B. view C. sight D. look54. A. give up B. stick to C. deal with D. set down55. A. prefer B. turn C. come D. tendPart V Text Completion (20 points)Directions: In this part there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrasesto fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer onthe Answer Sheet.Text OneA. angrierB. gettingC. actionPhrases:A. which makes you 56B. like 57 any compensationC. to take any 56Picture this situation: you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain. You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem. They say they cannot help you, 59 to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant. Thiswill do you no favours, 60 , or even your money back. If you go directly to the first person you see, you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless 61 .So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstlythat you are speaking to the relevant person, the one who has the authority to make decisions.参考答案：ABCABCText TwoA. the smallerB. as much asC. up to a yearD. more likelyPhrases:A. 20% 62 to feel happyB. 63 the physical distance between friendsC. but not 64 happinessD. lasted for 65The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And 66 , the larger the effect they had on each other's happiness. For example, a person was 67 if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happyneighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%. The effects of friends' happiness 68 . The researcher found that happiness really is contagious (传染的).Sadness also spread among friends, 69 .参考答案：DABC BADCText ThreeA. later regrettedB. spendingC. tend toPhrases:A. remember past impulse purchases that you 70B. you may 71 purchase on impulseC. keep 72 under controlIn addition to the external pressure we face from marketing, our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending. Here are some suggestions to help you 73 . First, resist your impulse buying. Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a bargain? If so, 74 . To resist, slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying, owning, and maintaining。

同等学力英语申硕考试词汇（第六版大纲）电子版Aa/an art.一个；每一个；任何一个abandon vt.丢弃,放弃,抛弃ability n.能力,能耐,本领able a.有能力的；能干的abnormal a.不正常的；变态的；不规则的aboard ad.在船(车)上；上船abolish vt.废除；取消；变革abortion n.流产,堕胎,失败about prep.关于,在…周围 ad.在周围above prep.在…上面,高于 a.上面的 ad.在上面abroad ad.(在)国外,到处；传开abrupt adj. 生硬的；突然的；唐突的；陡峭的absence n.缺席,不在场,缺乏absent a.不在场的,缺乏的absolute a.绝对的,纯粹的absorb vt.吸收,使专心abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要absurd n. 荒诞；荒诞作品 adj. 荒谬的；可笑的abundance n.丰富,充裕abundant a.丰富的,大量的abuse vt.滥用,虐待 n.滥用；辱骂；陋习academic a.学院的,学术的academy n.学院；协会；研究院；私立中学,专科院校accelerate vt.(使)加快,促进vi加速；促进；增加accent n. 口音；重音；强调；特点；重音符号 vt. 强调；重读；带…口音讲话accept vt.vi.接受,同意acceptable a.可接受的，值得接受的，合意的acceptance n.接受,验收,承认access n.接近,通道,入口 vt 访问accessory n.附件，配件accident n.意外的事,事故accommodate vt.为···提供膳宿；容纳,供应,供给accommodation n.适应,调解,膳宿,贷款accompany vt.陪同,伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的),完成accord vt.使一致,给予according to prep. 按照，根据accordingly ad.因此,依照account n.记述,解释,帐目 vi.(for)解释accountable a. 有责任的,可说明的,可解释的accountant n.会计,会计师accounting n. 会计学,清算帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性),准确度accurate a.准确的,精确的accuse vt.（of）指责；控告accustomed a.（to）惯常的,习惯的ache n/ vi.痛,想念n.疼痛achieve vt.完成,实现,达到achievement n.完成,成就,成绩acid n.酸 a.酸的,酸性的acknowledge vt.承认,感谢acquaint vt.(with)使认识,使了解acquaintance n.认识,了解,熟人acquire vt.取得,获得,学到acquisition n.获得,添加的物品acre n.英亩(=6.07 亩)across ad/prep.横过 prep.在…对面act vi.行动,见效 n.行为action n.行动,作用,功能active a.活跃的,积极的activity n.活动,活力,行动actor n.男演员actress n.女演员actual a.实际的,现行的actually ad.事实上acupuncture n.针炙acute a.尖的,锐的,敏锐的ad=advertisementadapt vt.使适应,改编add vt.添加,附加,掺加 vi.(to)增加addict vt.（to）使沉溺,使上瘾 n.上瘾者addicted a.上瘾的，沉湎于...的addition n.加,加法,附加物address n.地址,演说,谈吐 vt.致函、写地址、致词adequate a.足够的,可以胜任的adhere vi.（to）粘附,追随,坚持adjective n.形容词a.形容词的adjust vt.调整,调节,校正vi.(to)适应于administer vt.管理,治理,执行vi.予以帮助administration n.管理,管理部门、行政、政府admire vt.钦佩,羡慕,赞赏admission n.允许进入,承认admit vt.承认,准许…进入adolescence n.青春，青春期adolescent a.青春期的n.青少年adopt vt.收养,采用,采取adore v.崇拜,热爱adult n.成年人a.成年的advance vi.前进,提高n.进展vt推进、促进；提升、提高advanced a.先进的,高级的advancement n.提升，升级advantage n.优点,优势,好处adventure n.冒险,惊险活动adverb n.副词adverse a.不利的,敌对的,相反的advertise/ize vt.通知 vi.登广告advertisement n.广告,公告,登广告advice n.劝告,忠告,意见advisable n.明智的,可取的advise vt.劝告,建议,通知advocate n.拥护者vt.提倡,拥护aerial a.空气的,航空的 n.天线aeroplane=airplaneaerospace n.太空，宇宙空间aesthetic adj. 美的；美学的；审美的，具有审美趣味的aesthetics n. 美学affair n.事情,事件,事务affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭affection n.慈爱,爱,爱慕affiliate vt.（with）附属,接纳affirm vt.断言,批准,证实affix vt.附加；贴上；盖印n.词缀afford vt.担负得起…,提供affordable a.支付得起的，不太昂贵的afraid a.害怕的,担心的Africa n.非洲African a.非洲（人）的 n.非洲人after prep.在…以后,次于 ad.以后afternoon n.下午,午后afterward（s） ad.后来,以后again ad.再、再次；又，重新against prep.靠在,反对,对着，和···对比age n.年龄,时代 vi.变老agency n.经办,代理,代理处agenda n 议事日程,记事册agent n.代理人,代理商aggravate vt.使恶化,使更加重aggregate vi./vt 集合,合计aggressive a.进攻的、好斗的,勇于进取的ago ad.以前agony n.极度痛苦agree vi.（with···on···）同意,持相同意见；（to）一致，适合；商定agreeable a.惬意的,同意的agreement n.协定,协议,同意agriculture n.农业,农艺,农学ahead ad.在前,向前,提前aid n.帮助,救护,助手 vi援助，救援aim vi.（at）瞄准,针对,致力 vt 瞄准，把···对准；n.目标air n.空气,空中,外观 v.晾干；使通气air-conditioning n.空调aircraft n.飞机,飞行器airline n.航空公司,航线airplane n.飞机airport n.机场,航空站aisle n.走廊,过道alarm n.惊恐,忧虑,警报；vt.惊动，惊吓；向···报警album n.集邮本,照相簿,唱片alcohol n.酒精,乙醇alert a.警惕的,活跃的 vt.(to)使警觉 n.警惕alien n. 外国人，外侨；外星人adj. 外国的；相异的，性质不同的；不相容的 vt. 让渡，转让alike a.同样的,相同的alive a.活着的,活跃的all a.全部的 prep.全部allege vt.宣称,申述,主张,断言alleged a.所谓的；声称的；被断言的allergic adj. 过敏的，对…讨厌的alleviate vt.减轻，缓和alliance n. 联盟,联合allocate vt.分派,分配allow vt.允许,准许；给予 vi.(for)考虑到allowance n 津贴,补助费ally n.盟国,同盟者,伙伴 vt.联合，联盟almost ad.几乎,差不多aloft ad. 在高处,在上 a.在上面的；在空中的alone a./ad.独自，单独 ad.仅仅along prep.沿着 ad.向前aloud ad.大声地,响亮的alphabet n.字母表,字母系统already ad.早已,已经also ad.亦,也,而且,还alter vt.祭坛；圣坛 vt.改变，变更alternate vt.使交替a.交替的 vi交替alternative n.替换物,两者选一的 n.选择，替换物although conj.尽管,虽然altitude n.高,高度,高处altogether ad.完全,总而言之aluminium n.铝always ad.总是,一直,永远amass vt. 积聚amateur a.业余的n.业余爱好者amaze vt.使惊奇,使惊愕amazing a.令人吃惊的Amazon n.亚马逊ambassador n.大使,使节ambiguity n.意思含糊ambiguous a.有雄心的，有抱负的ambition n.雄心,抱负,野心ambulance n.救护车,野战医院amend vt.修正,改善 vi.改正；改过自新America n.美洲；美国American a.美洲（人）的；美国（人）的n.美洲人；国人amid prep. 在其中ammunition n. 弹药；军火 vt. 装弹药于 vi. 装弹药amongst prep 在…之中(=among)amount n.总数,数量,和 vt.(to)合计，相当于，等同ample adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的amplify vt.放大,增强,扩大amuse vt.逗…乐,给…娱乐、analogy n.相似,类似,比拟analysis n.分析,分解,解析analyze v.分析，分解ancestor n.祖宗,祖先anchor n.锚 vi.抛锚,停泊ancient a.古代的,古老的and conj.和,又,并,则anemia n.贫血；贫血症angel n.天使,安琪儿anger n.怒,愤怒vt.使发怒angle n.角,角度angry a.愤怒的,生气的animal n.动物,兽 a.动物的animate vt.使活泼，使有活力 a.有生命的ankle n.踝，踝关节anniversary n.周年纪念日announce vt.宣布,发表 vi.宣布参加竞选annoy vt.使恼怒,打搅annual a.每年的，年度的 n.年报，年刊anonymous a.匿名的，无名的another a.再一个的,别的 pron.另一个answer vt.回答,响应,适应 n.回答，答复；答案ant n.蚂蚁antarctic a.南极（区）的n.(the A-)南极洲，南极圈anticipate vt.预料,预期；指望，期待antique a.古代的 n.古董anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑,渴望anxious a.忧虑的,渴望的any a.什么,一些,任何的 pron.无论哪个，无论哪些anybody prop.【否定、疑问、条件句中】任何人；【肯定句中】随便哪一个人anyhow ad.无论如何anyone=anybodyanything pron. 【否定、疑问、条件句中】任何事物；无论什么事物anyway=anyhowanywhere ad.无论哪里；【否定、疑问、条件句中】任何地方apart ad.相隔,分开,除去apartment n.一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉,谢罪,认错apology n.道歉,认错,谢罪apparent a.表面上的,明显的appeal vi.（to）请求；呼吁；吸引；上诉；求助n.呼吁；吸引力；上诉appear vi.出现，出场，问世，好像是appearance n.出现，出场，露面；外表，外观appetite n.食欲,胃口,欲望applaud vt.向···喝彩；赞同；称赞vi.喝彩；鼓掌欢迎apple n.苹果appliance n.用具,器具；设备；器械；装置applicant n.申请人application n.申请，申请书；运用，应用applied a. 实用的；应用的apply vi（for）申请vt.（to）运用；应用appoint vt.任命,委派；约定appointment n.任命,约定,约会，委派appraise vt.评价,鉴定；评估appreciate vt.感激，感谢；评价；欣赏,赏识approach v.接近，走进vt.处理、对待n.走进；方法，探讨；观点appropriate a.适当的，恰当的approval n.同意，赞成,批准approve v.（of）赞成,批准；审议、通过approximate a.大致的、近似的April n.四月apt a. 恰当的；有…倾向的；灵敏的Arab n.阿拉伯人 a.阿拉伯的Arabian a.阿拉伯人的，阿拉伯的arbitrary a.任意的；随心所欲的,专断的archaeology n.考古学architect n.建筑师architecture n.建筑，建筑学arctic a.北极的n.(the A-)北极ardent a.热烈的，激动的；热心的，热切的；燃烧的area n.面积；地区；范围；领域arena n.竞技场argue vi.争论,争辩,辩论vt.辩论，论证；说服argument n.争论,辩论；论点，依据arise vi.出现,发生；（from）由…引起，由···产生arithmetic n.算术arm n.手臂，臂状物；（pl）武器vt.武器,装备armo(u)r n.装甲,盔甲army n.军队,军；大群，大批around ad.周围，在附近；到处；大约prep.在…周围，围着；在···各地arouse vt.唤起,激起arrange vt.筹备,整理,调解arrangement n.整理,排列,安排，准备工作array n.队列,排列；衣服vt.排列，部署；打扮arrest vt./n.逮捕,拘留arrival n.到来，到达；到达者arrive vi.到来，到达；（at）达成，得出arrow n.箭，箭状物art n.艺术,美术；技术，技艺；（pl）文科article n.文章；物件artificial a.人工的，人造的；人为的，娇揉造作的artist n.艺术家,美术家artistic（al） a.艺术的,艺术家的artwork n. 艺术品,美术品；插图as conj.当/在…的时候；如···一样；由于，因为 prep.作为，当做ascend vi.上升；登高；追溯vt.攀登，上升ascertain vt.确定；查明；探知ascribe vt.（to）归因于；把…归于ash n.灰,灰末,骨灰ashamed adj. 惭愧的，害臊的ashore ad.在岸上；向岸 a. 在岸上的；在陆上的Asia n.亚洲Asian a.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人aside ad.在旁边；到旁边ask v.问,询问；要求,邀请asleep a.睡着的,睡熟的aspect n.方面,样子,外表aspiration n.渴望；抱负；assassinate vt.暗杀；行刺assault vt.袭击,殴打 vi.袭击、动武 n.攻击assemble vt.集合,召集,装配vi.集会，聚集assembly n.集合,集会,装配assert vt.断言,宣称,维护assess vt.估价，估算；评估，评价，评定asset n.（pl.）资产,有用的东西/物；优点，益处assign vt.指派,分配,指定（时间、地点等）assignment n.（分派的）任务,（指定的）作业；分配assimilate vt.吸收；使同化；vi.吸收；同化assist vt.援助,帮助assistant a.助手的，辅助的 n.助手,助教associate vt.联系；联合vi.交往,联系n.合作人，同事association n.协会,团体；交往；联合assume vt.假定,设想；假装，承担assumption n.假定,设想；担任，承担assure vt.使确信,向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶,使吃惊astronaut n.宇航员，太空人astronomy n.天文学at prep.在…里,在…时athlete n.运动员，运动选手Atlantic a.大西洋的n.[the A-]大西洋Atlas n.地图集atmosphere n.空气；大气，气氛atom n.原子atomic a.原子的,原子能的attach vt.（to）贴上，系上，附上；使依附attack vt./.n.攻击,进攻,抨击；（病）发作attain vt.达到,实现；获得vi.达到；获得attempt vt./n.试图，努力attend vt.出席,照顾,护理 vi.(to)注意，留意；专心于attention n.注意,留心,注意力attitude n.态度,看法,姿势attorney n.律师，代理人attract v.吸引,招引，引诱attraction n.吸引,吸引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vt.（to）把…归因于 n.属性auction n.拍卖 vt.拍卖audience n.听众,观众audio n./a. 音频的,声频的,声音的August n.八月aunt n.伯母,婶母,姑母Australia n.澳洲；澳大利亚Australian a.澳洲的；澳大利亚的 n.澳大利亚人authentic a.真实的,可靠的,可信的author n.作者authoritative a.有权威的,命令式的authority n.当局,官方,权力（pl.）当局automate vt.使自动化 vi.自动化,自动操作automatic a.自动的auto（mobile）n.汽车autonomous adj.自治的,独立的autonomy n.自治，自治权autumn n.秋季auxiliary n.助动词；辅助者，辅助物a.辅助的,附属的avail vt.（of）有利，有用available a.可利用的,通用的avenue n.道路,大街average n.平均数a.平均的avert vt.转开,避免,防止aviation n.飞行；航空avoid vt.避免,躲开,撤消await vt.等候,期待awake a.醒着的vt.唤醒vi.醒来、醒悟，觉悟award n.奖,奖品,判定vt.授予，奖给aware a.（of）知道的,意识到的away ad.离开,远离awesome a. 引起敬畏的,可怕的awful a.糟糕的，极坏的awkward a.粗笨的，笨拙的；尴尬的，棘手的ax（e） n.斧子axis n.轴,轴线Bbaby n.婴儿，孩子bachelor n.未婚男子,学士back ad.向后，后退，回复n.背面，背后a.后面的，背后的vt.使后退；支持backup n.支持；后援；阻塞a.支持的；候补的backgroundn.背景；经历backward（s） a.向后的，相反的；落后的ad.向后地，倒，逆bacon n. 熏猪肉,咸肉bacteria n.（pl）.细菌bad a.坏的,恶的,严重的badge n.徽章,像章,标志bag n.袋,包baggage n.行李bake vt.烤,烘,焙bakery n.面包店balance vt.使平衡 n.平衡；差额；天平，秤balcony n. 阳台,包厢,(戏院)楼厅bald adj. 秃顶的；光秃的；单调的；无装饰的 vi. 变秃ball n.球,舞会ballet n.芭蕾舞,舞剧balloon n.气球bamboo n.竹子ban n.禁令 vt. 禁止,取缔banana n.香蕉band n.乐队,带,波段bandage n.绷带,包带bang n.巨响，爆炸声；猛击vi.猛击，猛撞；发现砰的一声vt.猛击，猛撞bank n.银行,库,堤banker n.银行家bankrupt a.破产的 vt.使破产 n.破产者banner n. 旗帜,横幅标语旗banquet n. 宴会，盛宴；bar n.酒吧间,条,杆barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的,光秃的，仅仅的barely adv.仅仅；几乎没有bargain v.讨价还价n.便宜货；交易bark vi.狗吠, n. 树皮barn n.谷仓；牲口棚barrel n.桶,圆筒,枪管barren adj. 贫瘠的；不生育的barrier n.栅栏,屏障,障碍base n.基础,底层,基地vt.（on）把···建立在···基础上baseball n. 棒球,棒球运动basement n.地下室basic a.基本的,基础的n.基础，基本basically ad.基本上basin n.盆子,盆地basis n.基础,根据basket n.篮,篓,筐basketball n.篮球bat n. 蝙蝠,球棒bath n.洗澡,浴缸bathroom n.浴室,盥洗室battery n.电池battle n.战役,斗争 vi.战斗，战争，搏斗bay n.海湾be aux.v.vi.是,在,做beach n.海滩,湖滩,河滩beam n.一束；一道恒量vi.发光，发热bean n.豆,蚕豆bear n.熊vt.容忍,负担,生育，心怀（爱憎等感情）beard n.胡须beast n.兽,牲畜,凶残的人beat v.打败，战胜vt./n.打，敲；战胜vi.跳动n.跳动；拍子，节拍beautiful a.美的,美丽的beauty n.美,美丽,美人because conj.由于,因为become vi.变成,成为,变得bed n.床,苗圃,河床bee n.蜂,密蜂beef n.牛肉beer n.啤酒before prep./conj.在…之前prep.在···前面ad.从前，早些时候beforehand ad.预先beg v.乞求,请求beggar n.乞丐，穷人begin vi.开始，着手beginning n.开始,开端,起源behalf n.利益,维护,支持behave vi.表现,举止behavio（u）r n.行为,举止,态度behind prep.在…后面，落后于ad.在后，落后being n.存在,生物,生命，人belief n.信任,相信,信念believe vt.相信,认为vi.相信，信任，信奉bell n.钟,铃belly n.腹部,胃belong vi.（to）属，属于,附属；归属于belongings n.财产，所有物beloved adj. 心爱的below prep.在…下面(以下) ad.在下，以下，向下belt n.带,腰带,区bench n.长凳,条凳,工作台bend n.弯曲，曲折处vt.使弯曲beneath prep.在…下方ad.在下方beneficial a.有利的,有益的benefit n.利益,恩惠,津贴vt.有利于，受益于vi．（from）得益于beside prep.在…旁边；和什么···相比besides ad.而且，还有prep.除…之外best a.最好的ad.最，最好bet vt.以···打赌vi.打赌n.打赌，；赌注；赌金betray vt.背叛,辜负,泄漏better a.较好的ad.更好vt.改良，改善between prep.在…中间，在···之间ad.当中，中间beverage n. 饮料bewilder vt. 使迷惑，使不知所措beyond prep.在…的那边ad.在那边，在远处bias n.偏见；斜纹；偏爱Bible n.《圣经》bicycle n.自行车bid vt.出价，投标n.出价，投标big a.大的，重要的bike=bicycle自行车bill n.账单,票据,纸币，提案billion n.【美】十亿；【英】万亿billionaire n.亿万富翁bind vt.捆绑,包扎,装钉biochemistry n.生物化学biography n.传记；档案biology n.生物学biomedical adj.生物医学的bird n.鸟,禽birth n.分娩,出生,出身，起源birthday n.生日birthright n. 生来就有的权利,长子继承权biscuit n.饼干bit n.一点,一些,小片bite vt.咬,叮,螫n．一口bitter a.苦味的；痛苦的,严寒的bizarre a.奇异的（指态度、容貌、款式等）black a./n.黑,黑色、黑暗n.黑色；黑人blackboard n.黑板blade n.刀刃,刀片,叶片；翼blame vt.责备,怪，怨；（on）把…归咎于 n.(过错、事故等的)责任；责怪，责备blank n.空白；空白表格a.空白的，空着的；茫然的，无表情的blanket n.毯子，毯子blast vt.炸弹，摧毁n.爆炸,爆破blaze n.火焰，烈火；光辉；情感爆发vi. 燃烧；照耀，发光；激发bleed vi.出血、流血blend v.混和，掺杂，调和n．混合；混合物bless vt.祝福；保佑；赞美blind a.盲的，瞎的,盲目的vt.使失明；蒙蔽blink vt.眨眼；使闪烁vi．眨眼；闪烁n．闪光；眨眼；瞬间block vt.堵塞,拦阻n.街区，街段；大块（木料、石料、金属等）；阻塞物，路障blog n. 博客；部落格；网络日志blood n.血液,血统、血亲bloodshed n.流血；杀戮bloody a.流血的；血腥的,嗜杀的、残忍的bloom vi./n.开花,繁荣n．花；开花期blossom vi.开花；兴旺n.花；开花期；兴旺期blouse n. 女衬衫blow vi.吹,吹动,吹响；爆炸，爆裂n．打，殴打，打击blue a.蓝色的；忧郁的n.蓝色blue-collar a.蓝领阶级的，体力劳动者的blueprint n.蓝图,设计图,(周详的)计划blunder vi. 跌跌撞撞地走；犯大错n. 大错blur vt. 使…模糊不清；使暗淡；vi. 变模糊n.模糊不清的事物blush vi.脸红,感到惭愧board n.板，木板，纸板；董事长，理事会vt.上船/车/飞机boast vi.（of/about）夸耀，说大话vt.吹嘘；以拥有···而自豪n．自吹自擂boat n.小船,艇,渔船body n.身体,主体,尸体boil vi.沸腾vt.煮沸boiler n.锅炉bold a.勇敢的；冒失的；醒目的；（线、字等）粗的bolt n.螺栓,插销；霹雳vt.闩门，关窗，拴住bomb n.炸弹vt.轰炸bond n.契约，公债，债券；联结,联系bone n.骨,骨骼bonus n.奖金,红利；额外津贴book n.书籍，书籍vt.预订booklet n.小册子bookmark n. 书签boom v./n.隆隆声；繁荣，兴隆起来boost vt./n.举起；提高，促进boot n.长统靴booth n.货摊,售货亭border n.边缘,边界，边境vi．交界，与···毗邻；与···相似bore vt.钻洞，打眼，钻探；使厌烦n．令人讨厌的人/物boring adj. 令人厌烦的n.钻孔born a.天生的,出生的borrow vt.借，借用boss n.老板,上司，头儿botany n.植物学both pron.二者，双方a．两、双bother vt.打扰，麻烦vi．担心、烦扰n.烦恼、焦急bottle n.瓶子bottom n.底,底部,根基bounce v./n.(使)（球等）反弹,弹回；拍（球）bound a.必定，注定；受约束；开往boundary n.分界线,边界bow n.弓，弓形bow vi./n.鞠躬，点头bowl n.碗,钵box n.箱,盒,包箱vi．拳击；打耳光boxing n.拳击boy n.男孩,少年,家伙boycott vt.联合抵制；拒绝参加n. 联合抵制brain n.脑,脑髓；（pl.）心智，智力brake n.闸,刹车vi./n.刹车branch n.树枝,分部,分支，分科brand n.商标，（商品的）牌子brass n.黄铜,黄铜器；铜管乐器brave a.勇敢的，英勇的breach n.违背，违反vt.打破；违反，破坏bread n.面包breadth n.宽度break vt.打破,损坏n.(课间或工间)休息时间vi．破，破裂breakfast n.早餐breakthrough n.突破；突破性的发现breast n.乳房,胸脯breath n.呼吸,气味breathe v.呼吸breed vt.生殖，繁殖；生产，饲养n.品种，种类breeze n.微风，和风brew vt.酿造；酝酿vi．酿酒；被冲泡；即将发生bribe vt./n.贿赂,向…行贿brick n.砖块,砖状物bride n.新娘bridge n.桥梁,桥牌brief a.简短，简介；短暂vt.简单介绍briefcase n.公文包bright a.明亮的,聪明的，美好的brighten vi.变亮；活跃；光明；快乐高兴 vt.使生辉；使闪光；使高兴brilliant a.光辉的,灿烂的；卓越的bring vt.带来,引出,促使；使处于某种状态brink n.边缘brisk a.活泼的,轻快的vi．活跃起来；变得轻快vt.使活泼；使轻快British a.(大)不列颠（人）的，英国（人）的 n．英国人broad a.宽的,阔的,广泛的broadband n. 宽频；宽波段a．宽波段的；宽频带的broadcast n./v.广播,播音broaden vi.变宽，加宽；变阔vt.使变宽brochure n.手册，小册子broken a.坏掉的；破碎(了)的broker n.经纪人bronze n.青铜,铜像a.青铜色的brood vi.（over）孵；沉思n．一伙；一窝broom n. 扫帚brother n.兄弟，同胞brow n.眉,眉毛browse n.\v.浏览browser n.浏览器brown a./n.棕色bruise n. 擦伤；挫伤；青肿vt.使受瘀伤；使受挫伤vi.擦伤；受伤brunch n.【口】早午餐brush vt.刷 n.刷子,画笔brutal a.残忍的,野蛮的bubble n.泡，水泡，气泡vi.冒泡,沸腾bucket n.水桶,吊桶bud n.芽,萌芽,蓓蕾budget n.预算vi．做预算，编入预算bug n.虫子,臭虫；窃听器；故障vt.烦扰，打扰；装窃听器vi．装置窃听器，打扰build vt.修建，建造,建立building n.建筑物,大楼bulb n.灯泡；球状物bulk n.物体,容积,大批；大部分，主体bull n.公牛bullet n.子弹bulletin n.告示,公告，公报bully n.欺凌弱小者；土霸vt.欺负；威吓vi.欺侮人bump v.碰（伤）；颠簸bunch n.束,串,一群bundle n.捆,包,束burden n.担子,负担；义务，责任bureau n.局,司,处,所，署bureaucracy n.官僚主义；官僚机构；官僚政治bureaucrat n. 官僚主义的,官僚burial n.埋葬,葬礼burn v.燃烧，烧伤v./n.灼伤，烧伤burst vi./n.破裂，爆炸vi.（into）突然发生，突然发作bury vt.埋葬,埋藏bus n.公共汽车bush n.灌木，灌木丛business n.生意,事务，职责；公司，行业bust n.半身像busy a.忙，忙碌；热闹的，繁忙的；（电话）占线but conj.但是,可是，然而prep.除···之外ad.只，仅仅butcher n.屠夫,屠户butter n.黄油,奶油butterfly n. 蝴蝶button n.扣子,按钮vt.扣，扣紧buy vt.买，购买buzz vi.作嗡嗡声n. 嗡嗡声by prep.在…旁,靠近；被，由，在···前，到···为止ad.在旁，近旁，经过bypass vt.忽视；绕开；设旁路；迂回,回避n.旁路；支路bystander n. 旁观者,看热闹的人,局外人bye int.再见Ccab n.出租马车,出租汽车cabbage n.洋白菜,卷心菜cabin n.小屋,船舱cabinet n.橱,柜,内阁cable n.索,电缆；海底电报cafe n.咖啡馆,小餐厅，酒吧cafeteria n.自助餐厅cage n.笼,鸟笼,囚笼cake n.饼,蛋糕calcium n.钙calculate vt.计算；预测；认为；打算calculator n.计算器calendar n.日历call vt. 叫做，呼叫；称呼；召集，打电话vi. 呼叫；拜访；叫牌n.叫，电话；呼叫；要求；访问；打电话calm a.平静的v．（使）镇静，（使）镇定n．平静，风平浪静calorie n.卡路里camcorder n.摄录像机camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机,摄影机camp n.野营,营地,兵营vi．设营，宿营campaign n.战役,运动campus n.（大学）校园can aux.v.能,会,可能；可以n．罐头，铁罐，易拉罐Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大（人）的n.加拿大人canal n.运河,沟渠,管cancel vt.取消；删去cancer n.癌,癌症candidate n.候选人,投考者candle n.蜡烛candy n.糖果cannon n.大炮,加农炮v.炮轰canvas n.粗帆布,画布cap n.帽子capability n.便帽，军帽；帽状物capable a.能干的，有能力的，有才能的capacity n.容量,容积；能力,能量；接受力capital n.资本,资金,首都a．主要的，基本的capsule n.胶囊,太空舱captain n.首领，船长，陆军上尉,队长，海军上校captive adj.被俘虏的；被迷住的n.俘虏；迷恋者capture vt.捕获；捉拿；夺取，攻占car n.轿车carbon n.碳card n.卡片,名片；纸片cardiac a.心脏的，心脏病的care n.注意，小心；挂念；照顾，照料vi.关心,计较；喜欢，愿意career n.生涯,经历；专业，职业carefree a.无忧无虑的,不负责的careful a.小心的，仔细的careless a.粗心的,草率的cargo n.船货,货物caring a.有同情心的；表示或感到关怀或关心的carpenter n.木工,木匠carpet n.地毯,毡毯,毛毯carriage n.马车,客车，车厢carrier n.搬运人；携带者；运载工具carrot n.胡萝卜carry vt.搬运，携带,运载,传送，传播cart n.手推车，二轮运货马车cartoon n.漫画,动画片，卡通片，动画片carve vt. 雕刻；切开；开创vi. 切开；做雕刻工作case n.情况,事实,病例，案件，盒子cash n.现金,现款Cashier n. 出纳员；司库 vt. 解雇；抛弃casino n.娱乐场，夜总会cassette n.盒式录音带,盒子cast vt.投,扔,抛,浇铸castle n.城堡casual a.偶然的,随便的casualty n.伤亡,受害者cat n.猫catalog n.目录catastrophe n.异常的灾祸catch vt.捉住,赶上,；感染，染上病；挺清楚category n.种类,类目,范畴cater vi.（for）满足需要，迎合,投合，提供饮食及服务cathedral n.大教堂catholic a.天主教的；宽宏大量的n.天主教徒；罗马天主教cattle n.【牛】牛,牲口,家畜cause n.原因,理由，缘故；事业，奋斗，目标vt.引起caution n./vt.警告、小心；告诫cautious a.小心的,谨慎的cave n.山洞,窑洞cease vi.停止,中止ceiling n.天花板celebrate vt. 庆祝；庆祝；celebrity n.名人cell n.细胞,小房间cellar n.地窑,地下室Celsius a.摄氏的cement n.水泥cemetery n.墓地,公墓censorship n.审查机构；审查制度census n. 人口普查，人口调查cent n.分,分币；【作单位的】百center/-tre n.中心，中央 v.集中centigrade adj.摄氏的centimeter/-tre n.厘米central a.中心的,中央的，中枢的；主要的century n.世纪,百年cereal n.谷类制食物,谷物ceremony n.典礼,仪式,礼节certain a.确实的,可靠的；某一，某些；一定的，必然的certainly ad.一定,必定,当然certificate n.证（明）书certify vt..证明,保证chain n.链,链条；一连串、连锁chair n.椅子，主席chairman n.主席chalk n.粉笔challenge n.挑战，挑战书；艰巨任务，难题vt.向···挑战chamber n.室；议院champagne n.香槟酒champion n.冠军，优胜者chance n.机会,机遇,可能性，偶然性，运气change v./n. 改变，变化vt.换，兑换n．找头，零头channel n.海峡,渠道,频道chaos n.混沌、混乱chap v. 小伙子；家伙chapter n.章,回,篇character n.性格,品质、特性；特征、任务、角色characteristic a.特有的，独特的n.特征，特性characterise/-ize vt.描绘···的特征，刻画···的性格charge vt.控诉，控告，要价，收费，索价n．罪名，指控；收费；主管，看管；充电charity n.慈善事业（行为）；施舍,慈善；博爱charm n.魅力，魔力；咒文；护咒vt.迷住；使陶醉chart n.图,图表charter n.宪章，共同纲领；特许状，许可证；（飞机、汽车等的）包租 vt.包租（飞机、汽车的）chase v./n.追逐,追赶,追求chat vi./n. 聊天cheap a.便宜，贱；低劣,劣质的cheat vt.欺骗；骗取vi. 欺骗；作弊n. 欺骗，作弊；骗子check n. 支票；阻止；阻止物vt. 检查；制止；寄存v i. 核对无误；将军（象棋）；证明无误Cheque n. 支票，账单checkpoint n. 检查站，关卡cheek n.面颊,脸蛋cheer v./n. 喝彩，欢呼vt.使高兴，使振作cheerful a.快乐的,愉快的cheese n.乳酪,干酪chemical a.化学的n.化学制品/产品/物质/成分chemist n.化学家,药剂师chemistry n.化学chess n.棋chest n.柜子，橱；胸膛，胸腔chew v.咀嚼chicken n.小鸡,鸡肉chief a.主要的,首席的n．领袖，首领child n.（pl.children）小孩,儿童，子女childhood n.幼年、童年childish a.孩子气的；幼稚的childlike a.天真烂漫的；孩子气的chill n.凉气，寒气；寒战chimney n.烟囱，烟筒chin n.下巴china n.瓷器China n.中国chip n.薄片,碎片；集成，电路块chocolate n.巧克力choice n.选择；选择机会choke v./n.使窒息,噎着;阻塞choose vt.选择,挑选；甘愿chop vt.砍,劈，剁碎n．砍、劈，剁；排骨Christ n.救世主Christian n.基督教徒a.基督教（徒）的Christmas n.圣诞节chronic a.慢性的,长期的chronicle n.编年史，年代记chunk n.大块church n.教堂,（c-）教会cigar n. 雪茄烟cigaret（te） n.香烟，纸烟cinema n.电影院circle n.圆圈,圈子，集团；周期，循环v．环绕，盘旋；画圈circuit n.电路,线路circular a.圆形的,循环的circulate v.（使）循环，（使）流通circumstance n.（pl.）情形，环境，条件circus n.马戏,马戏团cite vt. 引用；引证citizen n.公民,市民,居民city n.城市，都市civic a.公民的；市民的；市的civil a.公民的,市民的，国民的；民间的；民事的；文职的；有礼貌的civilian n.平民，百姓a.平民的，民间的，民用的civilisation n.文明，文化；开化，教化civilization n.文明,文化,开化civilize vt. 使文明；教化；使开化civilise vt. 使文明；教化；使开化claim vt. 要求；声称；需要；认领，索赔n. 权利；要求；主张clan n.宗族,部落、集团clap v./n.拍手、轻拍clarify vi.澄清,阐明vt.使明晰clash vi./n.碰撞,冲突class n.种类，等级，阶级；班，年级；（一节）课classic n.名著,杰作classical a.古典的,经典的classification n.分类,分级classmate n.同班同学classroom n.教室,课堂clause n.子句,从句；（章程、条约等的）条，项；条款claw n.爪clay n.泥土，黏土clean a.清洁的,干净的vt.弄清洁，擦干净clear a.明亮的，清澈的；晴朗的a．/ad.清楚，清晰vt.清除；澄清；晴朗起来clerk n.办事员,职员，店员clever a.聪明的,伶俐的；机敏的，机巧的click n.一击 vt.点击；使发咔哒声 vi.发出滴答声n．滴答声；单击client n.顾客；委托人；当事人cliff n.悬崖,峭壁climate n.气候；风气，社会思潮climax n.顶点,高潮climb v./n.攀登,爬cling vi.(to)粘住；缠着；坚持clinic n.诊所,医务室,会诊clinical a.门诊的，临床的clip n. 修剪；夹子；回形针 vt. 修剪；夹牢；痛打 vi.修剪clock n.钟clockwise a./ad.顺时针方向转的clone n./v. 克隆close v.关闭,结束 a.近的，紧密的；周密的 n.结束、了结 ad.接近，紧密地closet n.私室；密室；小房间cloth n.布,织物、衣料；（一块）布clothes n.衣服clothing n.【总称】衣服cloud n.云、云状物cloudy a.多云的,阴；似云的；模糊不清的club n.俱乐部,社；棒；球棒clue n.线索,提示clumpsy a.笨拙的coach n.客车，长途公共汽车；私人教练，教练v．训练，辅导，指导coal n.煤，煤块coalition n.联合；结合，合并coarse a.粗的,粗糙的；粗鲁，粗俗coast n.海岸,海滨coat n.外套,上衣；涂层v．涂上，包上Coca-Cola n.可口可乐cocaine n.可卡因cock n. 公鸡；雄鸟；旋塞，开关cocktail n.鸡尾酒；开胃食品 a.鸡尾酒的code n.准则,法典,代码、编码、密码coffee n.咖啡cognitive a.认知的,认识的coherent a. 连贯的，一致的cohesion n.聚合；结合coil v.卷，盘绕 n.(一)卷,线圈coin n.硬币,货币coincide vi.（with）一致,符合，同时发生cold a.冷的,冷淡的 n.寒冷；感冒collaborate vi.合作collapse vi./n.倒坍,崩溃,瓦解collar n.衣袖，衣领；（狗的）项圈colleague n.同事，同僚collect vt.收集；收（税等）vi.聚集；堆积collection n.收藏，收集,收藏品collective a.集体的,聚集的,共同的n．集体college n.学院,大学collide vi.（with）碰撞,冲突,抵触collision n.碰撞,冲突colony n.殖民地,聚居地colo（u）r n.颜色,颜料 vi.给···染色colorful a.多色；丰富多彩的column n.柱,支柱,圆柱；栏，专栏（文章）comb n.梳子 vt.梳头发；梳毛combat vt.与…战斗；反对vi.战斗；搏斗n.战斗；政论combination n.结合,联合combine v.结合,联合，化合come vi.来,来到,出现，产生comedy n.喜剧,喜剧场面comet n. [天] 彗星comfort vt./n.慰问，安慰 n.安逸，舒适comfortable a.舒适的,舒服的comic adj.滑稽的,喜剧的command vt./n.命令,指挥n.掌握，运用能力commander n.司令官,指挥员commemorate vt. 庆祝，纪念；成为…的纪念comment n./v.解说，评论commentary n.注释,批评commerce n.商业,贸易commercial a.商业的,商品化的n．商业广告commission n.委员会，调查团；佣金，酬劳金；委任状,委任commit vt.犯罪，做错事；（to）把...交托给；使…承担义务commitment n.承诺；信奉，献身；承担的责任/义务committee n.委员会，全体委员commodity n.（pl）日用品；商品；农/矿产品；有用的东西common a.普通的,平常的，公共的，共同的commonplace n.老生常谈；司空见惯的事；普通的东西adj.平凡的；陈腐的commonsense a.具有常识的commonwealth n.联邦；英联邦communicate vt.传达；交流；通讯vi.传达，传播communication n.通讯,通信；交际，交流；传达，传送communism n.共产主义communist n.共产党员a．共产主义的，共产党的community n.社区commute vi.乘公交车上下班n．上下班交通。