【免费下载】英语时态总结完整
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英语共有十六个时态、四个体。
(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。
)(1)一般现在时1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本形式(以do为例): 第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数); 肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他; He works for us. 否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他; He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does). 否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.) 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us.(2)一般过去时1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
be动词+行为动词的过去式 否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not; was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词 例如:Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.(3)一般将来时1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形; 例如:He is going to work for us. He will work for us; He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!(4)过去将来时概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
be(was,were)going to+动词原形 be(was,were)about to+动词原形 be(was,were)to+动词原形 肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~. 否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~. 疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~? 肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~. 否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~. 疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~? He would work for us.(5)现在进行时.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为 主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。
例如:I am buying a book. 第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式) 第三人称+is+doing+sth 例:He is working.(6)过去进行时1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作 肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它;答语:Yes,I主语+was/we re./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.(7)将来进行时将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作 主语+will + be +现在分词 He will be working for us.=He will work for us.(8)过去将来进行时 should(would)+be+现在分词 He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work f or us.(9)现在完成时1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\ He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years.(10)过去完成时1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had 否定回答:No,主语+hadn't ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他) 语法判定: ( 1 )by + 过去的时间点。
如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如: We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 )before + 过去的时间点。
如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11)将来完成时1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 (shall)will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间 before或by the time引导的现在时的从句 He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.(12)过去将来完成时过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作,并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响 should / would have done sth. He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13)现在完成进行时1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。
这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has been +-ing 分词 He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for te n years.(14)过去完成进行时表示动作在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始并持续到那一时刻或者在那一时刻之前刚刚停止时,常常可以用两个时态中的任一个用过去完成时表示的反复的动作,有时可以作为一种连续的动作用过去完成进行时表一个用过去完成时表达的单一动作和一个用过去完成进行时表达的动作不同 had been +-ing 分词 He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15)将来完成进行时表示某种情况下一直持续到说话人所提及的时间。
主语+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)(16)过去将来完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间 should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称 He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he woul d work for us. 举例: 英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来) 现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示: 一般现在时:I listen 现在进行时:I am listening 过去进行时:I was listening 现在完成时:I have listened 现在完成进行时:I have been listening 一般将来时:I shall listen”或“I will listen.” 将来进行时:I shall be listening 一般过去时:I listened 过去完成时:I had listened 过去完成进行时:I had been listening 将来完成时:I shall have listened 将来完成进行时:I shall have been listening 英语中不存在属格 一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以“'s”结尾表示所属的属格。
然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明:The King of Sparta's wife was called Helen.(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。
)如果“'s”是属格,那么“妻子”(wife)就属于“斯巴达”(Sparta),但是“'s”并不是只表示“斯巴达”(Sparta),而是表示“斯巴达国王”(King of Sparta)。