《港口国监督检查》PPT课件
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第一章港口国监督和船旗国监督概述第一节港口国监督的由来与发展一、港口国监督的概念港口国监督(PORT STATE CONTROL)是港口国对进入本国港口的外国籍船舶实施的检查行为,目的在于监督这些船舶是否遵守和符合其所适用的国际公约的规定和安全标准。
港口国监督的一般方式是对船舶实施检查,发现船舶存在的缺陷,要求船舶纠正发现的缺陷,如船舶存在的缺陷严重危及船舶航行安全或海洋环境,可对船舶采取滞留措施直至缺陷纠正。
二、港口国监督的由来港口国监督由来已久,它是随有关国际公约的诞生而出现的,其中包括《联合国海洋法公约》、国际海事组织有关公约,如《海上人命安全公约》、《防止船舶污染海洋公约》等。
这些国际公约对缔约方在作为港口国时的权利和义务做了明确规定,同时也对船旗国如何确保公约的执行作出了规定。
所以,任何一个公约缔约方都可按照公约规定实施港口国监督检查。
但实际上,在国际上第一个港口国监督区域性合作组织--巴黎港口国监督谅解备忘录组织成立之前,只有少数西方发达国家开展了港口国监督检查,检查的内容也限于船舶的证书和文件上,在国际上的影响也不是很大。
1978年3月17日,利比里亚籍油轮AMOCO CADIZ号在法国的BRITTANY海岸搁浅,造成溢油23万吨的严重污染事故。
这是导致巴黎港口国监督谅解备忘录产生的直接原因。
由于这起溢油事故造成了巨大的经济损失和不良社会影响,在强大的社会压力下,1980年12月,法国海洋部长邀请西、北欧13个国家的有关当局的部长们召开会议,就如何加强对进入本地区的外国籍船舶实施检查进行了研究讨论,并形成了一致意见,决定对船舶的实际技术状况进行检查并采取区域性统一行动。
会后由设立的工作组起草了港口国监督详解备忘录。
1982年1月,13个国家的部长们再次会聚,在巴黎签署了该备忘录。
巴黎备忘录于1982年7月1日正式生效实施(正式实施时为14国)。
1983年国际海事组织通过了第466号决议,基本采用了巴黎备忘录确定的原则,制定了港口国监督的程序和导则,从而以国际会议决议的形式规定了港口国监督对船舶由单纯的证书的检查转向对船舶设备的安全检查。
港口国监督--------PORT STATE CONTROL1.什么是港口国监督?-----What is the Port State Control (PSC)答: 每个国家都有主权对在其领土管辖内作业的外国船舶进行监督.此外, 国际海事组织和国际劳工组织在制定的一些国际海事公约中亦规定, 各国对到访其港口的外国船舶进行监督检查,这就是港口国监督.A: Each nation has the sovereign right to exercise control over foreign flag ship which are operating within areas under it’s territorial jurisdiction. In addition, a number of international maritime conventions adopted by the IMO and ILO provide nations with the instruments to conduct control inspections of foreign ships visiting their ports.This is Port State Control (PSC).2.什么是PSC的区域协作? ----What is the regional co-operation of PSC ?答: 1982年七月一日, 14个欧洲国家在巴黎举行会议, 本次会议制定了关于港口国监督的巴黎谅解备忘录.目的是交换受检船舶的检查信息.包括检查的记录和结果, 使检查标准,船舶滞留,和按港口国监督规定进行检查的官员的培训完全统一起来.以至于对低标准船舶和低标准操作的监督工作做的更有效.秘书处设在荷兰的海牙,在法国有一个信息中心,按照协议,每个成员国每年应对停靠在其港口25%以上的外国船舶进行检查, 目前共有18个成员国.A; On 1 July, 1982, 14 Europe countries held a meeting in Paris. The meeting adopted the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on PSC. It’s aim is to exchange information on ships inspected , including the results and records of inspection, and to unify the standards for inspection, ship detention and training of officers doing inspection under PSC. So that on substandard ships and substandard operation will be made more effective. The secretariat is in Hague , the Netherlands. There is an information center in France . as agreed , on national basis 25%of foreign ships calling at its ports should be inspected per year. At present , the number state are 18.3.港口国宝监督检查依据哪些文件?---What instruments are the bases for inspection of PSC ?答:aa-《1966 年国际载重线公约》International convention on Load Lines , 1966. ( LL’66)bb-《1974年国际海上人命公约》International convention the Safety of Life At Sea, 1974. (SOLAS 74)cc-《73/78国际防止船舶造成污染公约》I—N .for the Prevention of Pollution from Ship,73/78 (MARPOL73/78) dd-《78年海员培训;发证和值班标准公约》I-N on standards of Training , Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers, 1978.(STCW78) ee-《1972年国际海上避碰规则Convention of Int. Regulations for preventing Collision At Sea 1972.(COLREG’72) ff.《69年国际船舶吨位丈量公约》International convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (ITC’69) gg-ILO76年147号《商船最低标准公约》ILO No.147 Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standarda ) Convention,1976.(ILO CON.147) 4.按照什么程序进行检查? ---Under which procedures is the inspection carried out ?答: 检查的程序规定如下: 港口国监督官上船检查船上是否备有与谅解备忘录目的有关的有效证书和文件.在等船前要进行计算机查询.如果船舶在此之前6个月内已经由谅解备忘录范围内其他港口国当局检查过, 并且情况正常, 除非有明显理由要再做检查, 原则上此船可不再检查. 如果在检查中一切正常, 港口国监督员在离船前要出具”清洁”检查报告,既无缺陷报告给船长,同时将检查结果报告信息中心. 如果船上没有要求的证书或证书失效或有明显理由认为船舶实际上不符合有关公约的要求,则要进行更详细的检查.A: The procedures for inspection are stipulated as following:The PSC may board a ship and check whether valid certificates and documents relevant for the purpose of the memorandum of understanding are on board. The officer should consult the computer file before boarding a ship . If a ship has been inspected by other port state authorities of the region covered by the Memorandum of Understanding within the previous six months and to be in order. The officer will in principle exempt the ship from further inspection, unless there are clear grounds for another inspection. If in the inspection everything is in order, the officer will hand over a “clean” inspection report , I.e. no deficiency report to the shipmaster before leaving the ship and will report the results of the inspection to the information center . If the required certificates are not on board or not valid , or if there clear grounds for believing that the ship does not substantially meet the requirements of the relevant conventions,A more detailed inspection will be carried out .5.哪些方面的缺陷是经常发现的?---In which areas are the deficiencies most frequently found ?在检查中经常发现的方面是;The deficiencies found more frequently during inspection are:aa—消防(通风装置,防火挡板,控制措施,消防泵;固定灭火装置;灭火设备)Fire fighting(ventilation; fire damper; means of control; fire pump; fixed fire extinguishing installation ;fore fright equipment.)bb---救生搬硬套(救生艇;救生圈;降艇装置;救生属具清单)Life saving ( life boats; lifebuoys; launching arrangements for survival craft; life boat inventory.) cc---总体安全(船体结构;电器设备;应急照明;液压关闭装置;水密门)Safety in general(hull structure; electric equipment; er’cy lighting; hydraulic enclosing device; watertight doors) dd---主辅机(机舱清洁状况;主机;辅机)Propulsion and auxiliary machinery(cleanliness of E/R; propulsion main engine; auxiliary engine.) ee---载重线(通风筒;空气管;围板;门;舱口;栏杆;干舷标志):Load lines (ventilators; air pipes; casings; doors; hatchways; railing; freeboard marks) ff---防污染(油水分离装置;油类记录簿;15ppm报警装置)MARPOL(oily water separating equipment; oil record book; 15ppm alarm arrangements) gg---安全操作(手册;须知;弃船演习;火灾控制图;应变部署表)Safe operation (manuals; instructions; abandon ship drills; fire control plan; muster list; )6.哪些问题是在检查中经常提出的?---What are the questions frequently put forward during the inspection ?答:在检查中经常提出下列问题:The following questions are often put forward during the inspection :aa---船员是否熟悉公司安全和环保方针?Is the crew familiar with the company’s Safety and environment protection policy ?bb---船舶的安全和防污染由谁负责?Who is responsible for the ship safety and pollution prevention ?cc---船员是否明确自己在安全管理体系中的任务?Does the crew know their duties in SMS ?dd---船员的职责是否已经文件化?Are responsibilities and authorities of the crew documented ?ee---谁是公司的指定人员?如何与他联系?Who is the company’s designated person? How can he be approached ?ff---船长能否说出他的绝对权利?并作出说明?Can the master tell his overriding rights and explain it ?gg---如何帮助新船员熟悉其职责?How to help the new crew members to be familiar with his responsibilities and authorities ?hh---有无开航前必要指令?建立何种联系?Is there any necessary orders prior to sailing ? What procedures are established by the company ?ii---能否24小时与公司负责人联系?Can the company executive be contacted round the clock ?jj---船上有无应急部署和演习计划?有无实施证据?Is there any emergency plan on board ? Is there any evidence of implementations ?kk—如何向公司汇报不符合规定的情况?公司采取何种纠正行动?How to report non-conformities to the company ? What kinds of corrective actions is taken by the company?ll---船上有无计划维修保养制度?Is there a planed system of the maintenance ?mm-是否遵守文件控制程序?Has the procedure for control of the documentation been followed ?nn—有无内部审核程序?是否实施办法?Is there a procedure for internal audit ? Is it implemented ?oo—最近一次外部审核提出了什么问题在于?是如何解决问题的确?Which kinds of questions was put forward during the last external audit ? How were they solved ?7.在检查中要检验哪些船舶证书和文件?Which kind of ship certificates and documents should be examined during the inspection ?答:在检查中要检验的船舶证书和文件很多,有的是国际公约强制要求的,有的是各国国家规定的,它们又随不同的船型有所区别,但共同的是它们都应该是有效的。
Chapter 12 Procedures for Port State Control ( Resolution A. 787(19) ofIMO)Chapter 1 General1. PurposeThis document is intended to provide basic guidance on conduct of port State control inspections and afford consistency in the conduct of these inspections,the recognition of deficiencies of a ship,its equipment,or its crew,and the application of control procedures.2. ApplicationThe procedures apply to ships which come under the provisions of the followings:(1)the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974,as amended (SOLAS 74),(2)t he International Convention on Load Lines,1966 (Load Lines 66),(3)t he International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto,as amended(MARPOL 73/78),(4)t he International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers,1978,as amended (STCW 78),and(5)The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships,1969 (ITC 69),hereafter referred to as the applicable conventions.3. Definitions第12章港口国监督程序(IMO 787(19)决议A)第1章总则1.目的本文件目的是为进行港口国监督程序提供基本指南和提供进行这些检查的标准,船舶、船舶设备或船舶的船员缺陷的识别和监督检查程序的应用。
港口国监督Port state control(PSC)PSC指“各港口国依照国际公约、本国规定或区域性协定,对抵港的外籍船舶实施以确保船舶和人员安全、防止海洋,以船员适任、船舶技术状况符合国际公约最低标准为对象的专项检查。
“PSC作为海上安全和防止污染的最后一道防线。
“当船舶所有人、船员、船级社未能很好地履行自己的职责时,PSC就开始发挥了作用”一、授权依据:(即港口国检查的法律依据)A、SOLAS 74 要求1、SOLAS74第一章第十九条:监督:每一艘船舶当其在另一缔约国时,应接受该国政府正式授权的官员的监督,监督的目的是看证书是否有效以及应采取的措施要求。
2、第九章第六条:验证与监督:验证安全管理体系是否正常运行。
3、第十一章第四条:关于操作性要求的港口国监督:检查船长或船员对于船舶安全有关的船上主要操作程序熟悉程度。
B、1966 载重线公约第二十条:监督:载重线证书有效性;是否超载,在中线位置是否与证书相符C、MARPOL73/78 第五条:证书和检查船舶的特殊规定:证书检查授权MARPOL 73/78 第六条:违章事件的检查和本公约的实施检查授权:是否违反规定排放,以及对此违章事件的处理要求MARPOL 73/78 第8A条:关于操作性要求的港口国检查的授权:检查船长或船员是否熟悉主要的防治污染程序。
附则15条:检查是否熟悉防止有毒液体物质污染程序。
MARPOL73/78 附则Ⅲ第八条:检查是否熟悉防止有害液体污染程序的授权附则Ⅴ第八条:检查是否熟悉防止垃圾污染程序的授权D、STCW 78第十条:监督:海员证书检查的授权STCW78/95 第1/4条:监督程序:证书与安全配员;是否保持值班标准;E、1969 吨位公约第十二章:吨位证书检查F、国际劳工组织(ILO)147号公约(商船最低标准公约)第四条:检查船舶是否符合公约最低标准。
二、检查的程序依据与内容1、程序:IMOA。
787(19)大会决议----港口国监督程序包括:PSC官员应运用专业判断,酌情考虑征求其他人意见;、、登船时,出示证件;如有明显依据进行详细检查,应将这些详细依据通知船长;如检查是依据别人、或船员的被告或抱怨进行的,则应对情报来源保密。