基于PLC的电梯自动控制系统设计_毕业设计论文

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海 南 大 学

毕 业 论 文(设计)

题 目:电梯自动控制系统的设计

学 院:机 电 工 程 学 院

系 别:电 气 工 程 系

专 业:电气工程及其自动化

完成日期:2013年 5 月10日

电梯自动控制系统设计

II 摘 要

随着经济的发展,现代城市中的高层建筑日益增多,电梯成为人们日常生活必不可少的工具。而电梯性能的好坏,除了电机等硬件以外,电梯控制系统是其核心因素。目前电梯控制系统主要有三种控制方式:继电器控制系统、PLC控制系统、微机控制系统。继电器控制系统由于故障率高、可靠性差、控制方式不灵活以及消耗功率大等缺点,目前已逐渐被淘汰。微机控制系统虽在智能控制方面有较强的功能,但也存在抗扰性差、系统设计复杂,一般维修人员难以掌握其维修技术等缺陷。实践表明可编程序控制器对电梯进行控制优于传统的继电器控制,其性能有很大改善。因此,本设计采用可编程序控制器实现对五层电梯的自动控制。论文内容主要包括对电梯发展和可编程序控制器的介绍,电梯系统软硬件设计,控制系统的程序编制和仿真。结果表明,该方案切实可行。

关键词: 可编程序控制器;电梯自动控制;仿真

电梯自动控制系统设计

III Abstract

Along with the economic development, increasing number of high-rise buildings in

the modern city, elevators become an indispensable tool of daily living. And lift

performance for better or worse, in addition to hardware such as motor, the elevator

control system is its core elements. At present there are mainly three kinds of control

methods of the elevator control system: relays, PLC control system the control system,

computer controlled systems. Relay control system because of the high failure rate

inflexibility, poor reliability, control methods, as well as disadvantages, such as power

consumption, is now gradually being phased out. Microcomputer control system for

intelligent control with strong features, but there is also poor immunity, complex

system design, technical defects such as general staff it is difficult to control their

maintenance. Practice shows that the programmable logic controller of the elevator

control than traditional relay control, its performance has improved substantially.

Therefore, this design using programmable controller to realize the automatic control

of five-story elevator. Content of the paper included the elevator development and

introduction to programmable logic controllers, system hardware and software design,

programming and simulation of control system. Results show that the programme is

practical.

Keywords: Programmable controller; elevators control; simulation

电梯自动控制系统设计

IV 目 录

1.引言 ............................................................. 1

2.电梯技术简介 ..................................................... 1

2.1.电梯的定义及发展历程 ........................................ 1

2.2.电梯的分类 .................................................. 2

2.3.电梯技术的研究现状及发展趋势 ................................ 4

3. PLC的基本概念 ................................................... 5

3.1. PLC的由来 ................................................. 5

3.2. PLC的定义 ................................................. 5

3.3. PLC的特点 ................................................. 6

3.4. PLC的结构及工作原理 ....................................... 7

3.4.1. PLC结构 .............................................. 7

3.4.2. PLC工作原理 .......................................... 8

3.5. PLC控制系统与其他控制系统的比较 ........................... 9

3.5.1. PLC与微机控制系统的比较 .............................. 9

3.5.2. PLC与继电器控制系统的比较 ........................... 10

4.电梯的控制系统 .................................................. 11

4.1.电梯的工作原理 ............................................. 11

4.2电梯的机械系统 ............................................. 11

4.3 电梯电气控制系统 ........................................... 12

5.电梯的PLC控制系统 .............................................. 14

5.1.电梯的PLC控制系统的硬件组成 ............................... 14

5.2.电梯的控制要求 ............................................. 14

5.3.电梯PLC控制系统设计 ....................................... 14

5.4. PLC的选择 ................................................ 15

5.5.电梯的PLC控制系统梯形图 ................................... 16

5.5.1.开关门环节 ........................................... 16 电梯自动控制系统设计

V 5.5.2.层楼信号的产生与清除环节 ............................. 17

5.5.3.停层信号的登记与清除环节 ............................. 18

5.5.4.外呼信号的登记与清除环节 ............................. 18

5.5.5.电梯的定向环节 ....................................... 19

5.5.6.停层过程环节 ......................................... 19

5.5.7.停车制动过程环节 ..................................... 20

5.5.8.启动加速、稳速运行、停车制动环节 ..................... 20

6.仿真软件的介绍及调试运行 ........................................ 20

6.1.仿真软件的介绍 ............................................. 20

6.2.软件中梯形图的编写 ......................................... 21

6.3.梯形图程序仿真 ............................................. 23

总结 .............................................................. 24

致 谢 .......................................................... 25

参 考 文 献 ....................................................... 26

附 录 .......................................................... 27

附录1 ...................................................... 27

附录2 ...................................................... 29

附录3 ...................................................... 30