英语国家概况Chapter11分析PPT课件

1. The Colonial Period
• Massachusetts—settled by Pilgrims to escape religious persecution
• Other colonies—like Virginia and Pennsylvania, founded as business ventures
– New England—ship-building and sailing; – Maryland, Virginia, and Carolinas—tobacco, rice
and indigo (靛蓝属植物); – New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and
• American Revolution: bolstered (支持、支撑) by an emerging middle class
– rallying cry—“inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property”
2. Since American Independence
• Mixed economy
– emphasizing private ownership – federal government—regulating businesses
• anti-trust laws
Ⅰ General Introduction
• Private businesses produce most goods and services.
Chapter 11
Hale Waihona Puke EconomyContents Ⅰ General Introduction Ⅱ History of American Economy Ⅲ Current American Economy
Ⅰ General Introduction
• US—the current industrial, economic and technological giant
1. The Colonial Period
❖Secondary industries (二级产业)
▪ appearance of sawmills ( 锯木场) and gristmills (磨 房)
▪ shipyards—building fishing fleets and trading vessels
• charter companies
– contribution to England’s colonizing process of the would-be United States
– King provided a charter or grant conferring economic rights as well as political and judicial authority
Delaware—shipped crops and furs; – The field was open for entrepreneurs (企业家、创
业者) among the colonists to establish themselves.
1. The Colonial Period
• Disputes over taxation and other matters with Britain:
– Two thirds of the output goes to individuals; – One third is bought by government and business.
• “Consumer economy”
Ⅱ History of American Economy 1 The Colonial Period 2 Since American Independence 3 The 20th Century
▪ small iron forges (冶炼厂)
1. The Colonial Period
Gristmill
Iron forge
1. The Colonial Period
• Clear regional patterns of development by the 18th century:
– Americans—modification (减轻) of taxes and regulations; demand for more self-government
– Mounting quarrel—leading to war against the British and to independence for the colonies
• U.S. Constitution established the nation as a unified market.
– no tariffs or taxes on inter-state commerce; – Federal government could regulate commerce with
– ranking first in computer technology, space technology, nuclear energy, and electronics, etc.;
– producing a major portion of the world’s machinery, automobiles, oil, electrical energy, and chemicals.
1. The Colonial Period
❖English investors turned over colonial charters to the settlers.
▪ enormous political implications
▪ Colonists were left to build their own lives, communities, and economy, that is, to construct their new nation