A Critique of Ideology一种意识形态的批判 23页PPT文档

• By being aware of our cultural lenses, we may be able to take them off.
A Bit of Anthropology
• Human beings define themselves through their relationships with:
Value
• How much free choice should we have? • Are we born with rights? • What do we hold necessary? • What do we hold dear?
Ideology Chart
Beliefs/ Society Nature/ Mind/
Cultural Lens
• Individuals may or may not be aware of the ideologies to which they subscribe.
• Ideology acts as a cultural lens through which we see the world.
– Society – Nature/Technology/Use of Tools – Mind/Self – History – Value
Ideology’s Influence
• The way in which we describe these relationships depends in part on our individual and cultural ideologies.
Interconnectivity
• Individual ideologies may fit into more than one of the categories.
• They may also have much in comuals may subscribe to more than one of these ideologies that compete with or complement each other.
A Few Kinds of Ideologies
– Political – Epistemological – Social – Religious – Ethical – Etc.
Political Ideologies
• Are ethical sets of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of social movements, institutions, classes, or large groups.
Everyday Ideology
• Every society has an ideology.
– Forms the basis of public opinion or “common sense”
– Remains invisible to most people within the society
• We will also be using meta-ideology and metacognition to understand the ways in which we respond to texts.
Final Questions
• How do you read a text?
– What do you look for? – What interests you? – What do you neglect? – How is your reading influenced by your
• Meta-ideology = the study of ideologies • Metacognition = awareness of one’s
thinking processes
Looking Forward
• The texts we will be studying this year involve meta-ideology.
ideology?
谢谢！
• Explain how society should work. • Offer a political and cultural blueprint for
a certain social order.
Kinds of Political Ideologies
– Emphasizing ethnicity or nationality (ex. Fascism) – Emphasizing class struggle (ex. Marxism) – Emphasizing the individual (ex. Liberalism) – Emphazing the collectivity (ex. Populism) – Emphasizing territory (ex. Zionism) – Based on religion (ex. Islamic Fundamentalism) – Conservatism (ex. Compassionate Conservatism) – Other (ex. Pacifism)
• The way we watch television? • The way we listen to the news? • The way we read?
Meta-
• The root meta- means beyond, transcending, at a higher state
History
• Are we progressing or not? • Are we perfectible? Perfecting? • Does history repeat itself? • Does it decline? • Do we mythologize our history?
between groups (gender, race, class, property, etc.)?
Nature/Technology/Tools
• Can we control nature? • Should we? • To what extent? • Are we aware of our own mortality? • Are we afraid of it? • What kinds of steps do we take to
A Critique of Ideology
Ms. Tocci
Essential Questions
• What is ideology? • How do the ideologies to which we
subscribe influence our world views? • How do they influence the way we
interact with people and texts?
Ideology
• A collection of ideas • A comprehensive vision • A way of looking at things • A world view, made up of:
– Common sense – Philosophical tendencies
prevent it?
Mind/Self
• Are we completely rational creatures? • Can we become completely logical? • Is there a sub- or unconscious mind? • How do we know what we know? • Is our knowledge always a good thing?
Assump
Tech/ Self
-tions
Tools
Americans in general
Me
History Value
How Do Our Assumptions Affect…
• The way we treat other people?
– Family – Friends – Strangers
• This dominant ideology appears as “neutral.”
• Those that differ from the norm are often seen as “radical.”
Power and Ideology
• Organizations that strive for power influence the ideology of a society to become what they want it to be.
• Political and other organizations (i.e., governments, lobbyists) try to influence people by broadcasting their opinions.
• This is why often many people in a society seem to “think alike.”
• Ideology influences how we would answer the following questions.
• Think about how you would answer them.
Society
• Should there be hierarchies in a group? • Are we collaborative or competitive? • Should everyone have equal say? • What is the nature of relationships