验光 (refraction)

眼科常用单词1. Eye: 眼睛2. Vision: 视力3. Optic nerve: 视神经4. Retina: 视网膜5. Cornea: 角膜6. Iris: 虹膜7. Lens: 晶状体8. Glaucoma: 青光眼9. Cataract: 白内障10. Macula: 黄斑11. Optometry: 验光12. Ophthalmology: 眼科学13. Eyeglasses: 眼镜14. Contact lenses: 隐形眼镜15. Prescription: 处方16. Eye drops: 眼药水17. Eye examination: 眼部检查18. Vision test: 视力测试19. Refraction: 屈光20. Astigmatism: 散光21. Myopia: 近视22. Hyperopia: 远视23. Presbyopia: 老花眼24. Eye surgery: 眼部手术25. Laser surgery: 激光手术26. Cataract surgery: 白内障手术27. Glaucoma surgery: 青光眼手术28. Corneal transplantation: 角膜移植29. Eye trauma: 眼外伤30. Eye infection: 眼部感染31. Conjunctivitis: 结膜炎32. Keratitis: 角膜炎33. Uveitis: 葡萄膜炎34. Optic neuritis: 视神经炎35. Macular degeneration: 黄斑变性36. Diabetic retinopathy: 糖尿病视网膜病变37. Strabismus: 斜视38. Amblyopia: 弱视39. Nystagmus: 眼球震颤40. Diplopia: 复视41. Blindness: 失明42. Eye pain: 眼部疼痛43. Eye fatigue: 眼疲劳44. Eyestrain: 眼疲劳45. Tearing: 流泪46. Red eye: 红眼47. Itchy eye: 眼睛痒48. Watery eye: 眼睛流泪49. Dry eye: 干眼症50. Eyelid twitching: 眼睑抽搐51. Eyelid edema: 眼睑水肿52. Eyelid drooping: 眼睑下垂53. Ptosis: 上睑下垂54. Entropion: 睑内翻55. Ectropion: 睑外翻56. Convergence insufficiency: 集合不足57. Exotropia: 外斜视58. Esotropia: 内斜视59. Lazy eye: 弱视眼60. Eyelashes: 睫毛61. Eyelid margin: 睑缘62. Eyelid lashes: 睑睫毛63. Eyelid reflex: 眼睑反射64. Eyelid cancer: 眼睑癌65. Eyelid hygiene: 眼睑卫生66. Eyelid surgery: 眼睑手术67. Eyelid spasms: 眼睑痉挛68. Eyelid massage: 眼睑按摩69. Eyelid wipes: 眼睑擦拭70. Eyelid stickers: 眼睑贴71. Eyelid bags: 眼睑袋72. Eyelid puffiness: 眼睑肿胀73. Eyelid twitching: 眼睑抽搐74. Eyelid eczema: 眼睑湿疹75. Eyelid fungus: 眼睑真菌感染76. Eyelid cyst: 眼睑囊肿77. Eyelid tumor: 眼睑肿瘤78. Eyelid laceration: 眼睑撕裂伤79. Eyelid trauma: 眼睑外伤80. Eyelid ulcer: 眼睑溃疡81. Eyelid abscess: 眼睑脓肿82. Eyelid edema: 眼睑水肿83. Eyelid infection: 眼睑感染84. Eyelid inflammation: 眼睑炎85. Eyelid allergy: 眼睑过敏86. Eyelid bump: 眼睑肿块87. Eyelid cancer: 眼睑癌88. Eyelid surgery: 眼睑手术89. Eyelid lift: 眼睑提升术90. Eyelid reconstruction: 眼睑重建术91. Eyelid plasty: 眼睑整形术92. Eyelid脂肪切除术: 眼睑脂肪切除手术93. Eyelid injection: 眼睑注射94. Eyelid filler: 眼睑填充物95. Eyelid tattoo: 眼睑纹身96. Eyelid makeup: 眼睑化妆97. Eyelid primer: 眼睑打底98. Eyelid liner: 眼睑眼线99. Eyelid shadow: 眼睑眼影100. Eyelid mascara: 眼睑睫毛膏。

德式验光流程的具体步骤英文回答：The German-style optometry process involves several specific steps to ensure accurate vision testing and prescription. Let me explain each step in detail.Step 1: Patient History and Complaints.The optometrist begins by taking the patient's history, including any previous eye problems, surgeries, or family history of eye conditions. The patient is also asked about any current complaints or vision difficulties they may be experiencing. This information helps the optometrist understand the patient's specific needs and concerns.Step 2: Visual Acuity Test.The optometrist then performs a visual acuity test to measure the patient's ability to see clearly at variousdistances. This is typically done using an eye chart, where the patient reads letters or numbers from a specific distance. The results of this test help determine the patient's baseline vision and identify any refractive errors.Step 3: Refraction Test.Next, the optometrist conducts a refraction test to determine the patient's eyeglass prescription. This involves using a phoropter, a device that containsdifferent lenses, to assess the patient's ability to see clearly with different lens powers. The patient is asked to compare and choose between different lens options until the optimal prescription is determined.Step 4: Binocular Vision Assessment.Binocular vision assessment evaluates how well the patient's eyes work together. The optometrist checks for any issues with eye alignment, eye teaming, or depth perception. This step is crucial in identifying conditionslike strabismus or amblyopia.Step 5: Ocular Health Examination.The optometrist then performs a comprehensive examination of the patient's ocular health. This includes examining the external and internal structures of the eye, checking for signs of diseases or abnormalities such as cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration. Specialized tools like a slit lamp and ophthalmoscope are used for this examination.Step 6: Additional Tests.Depending on the patient's specific needs and complaints, additional tests may be conducted. These can include color vision testing, visual field testing, or specialized imaging tests like optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the retina's health.Step 7: Diagnosis and Treatment Plan.Based on the findings from the various tests, the optometrist makes a diagnosis and develops a treatment plan. This may involve prescribing corrective lenses, recommending vision therapy, or referring the patient to a specialist for further evaluation or treatment.中文回答：德式验光流程包括几个具体步骤，以确保准确的视力测试和验光处方。

验光流程英语对话Optometrist: Good morning, welcome to our eye care center. How can I assist you today?Patient: Good morning. I think I need to get my eyes checked and possibly a new pair of glasses.Optometrist: That's perfectly fine. Do you currently wear glasses or have you worn them before?Patient: Yes, I've been wearing glasses for a few years now.Optometrist: Great. Let's start with a basic eye exam. This will include checking your vision, pupil response, and overall eye health. Is that okay with you?Patient: Yes, that sounds good.Optometrist: (After the basic eye exam) Now, we'll move on to the refraction test. This is to measure your eyes' ability to focus and determine the correct lens power for your glasses. Are you ready?Patient: Yes, I am.Optometrist: (Conducts the refraction test) Okay, I have your initial measurements. Now, I'm going to show you aseries of lenses. Please tell me which one gives you the clearest vision.Patient: (Tries the lenses and gives feedback)Optometrist: Thank you. Based on your feedback, I have adjusted the lens power. Let's try again.Patient: (Tries the adjusted lenses and gives feedback)Optometrist: Perfect. I think we've found the right prescription for you. Now, would you like to try on some frames to see which ones suit you best?Patient: Yes, that sounds good.Optometrist: (Helps the patient try on frames and gives suggestions)Patient: I like this one. It feels comfortable and looks good on me.Optometrist: Great choice! I'll prepare your glasses with this frame and the lens prescription we just determined. It will take a few days to complete.Patient: Thank you very much for your help. I'll come back to pick up my glasses.Optometrist: You're welcome. We'll see you soon!。

屈光检查专业英语会话(1)接待ReceptionA：你好，欢迎！Welcome，nice to meet you！B：你好。

Hi.A:我能给你什么帮助吗？What can I do for you?B:我需要配一副眼镜，因为我的视力模糊。

I need to wear a lens，for my sight is blur.A：好的，让我来帮助你。

你是看远不清楚呢还是看近不清楚？Well，let me help you. Please tell me whether the near or distance is blured. B：好像看远看近都不清楚，可能主要是看远不清楚。

Perhaps both，but may be distance.A:这种现象有多长时间？How long has it lasted?B：大约有半年了。

About half a year.A:你曾经戴过眼镜吗？Have you ever worn lenses?B：从来没有戴过。

Never.A:你的父母亲戴眼镜吗?What about your parents？B：是的，我父亲戴眼镜。

Yes, my father wears glasses.A:能告诉我你父亲是近视眼还是老视眼吗?Would you tell me whethert your father has myopia or presbyopia?B:哦，我不知道。

可能是近视眼吧。

Mm，I don’t know. Maybe myopia.A：你过去患过什么病吗，比如肾炎、糖尿病或青光眼等？Have you ever been sick，such as nephritis，diabetes or glaucoma，etc.？B：没有。

No，I haven’t.A：你希望戴框架眼镜还是隐形眼镜呢？Would you prefer frame eyeglasses or contact lenses?B：我要戴框架眼镜。

医学验光配镜的流程英文回答：The process of medical refraction and prescription for eyeglasses typically involves several steps. Here is a general outline of the procedure:1. Patient history and symptoms: The optometrist or ophthalmologist will begin by taking a detailed history of the patient's eye health, any previous vision problems, and current symptoms or concerns.2. Visual acuity assessment: The patient's visual acuity will be measured using an eye chart. This test determines how well the patient can see at various distances.3. Objective refraction: The doctor will use a series of instruments, such as a retinoscope or an autorefractor, to obtain an objective measurement of the patient'srefractive error. This helps determine the initial prescription.4. Subjective refraction: The patient will be asked to look through a phoropter, a device that contains different lenses. The doctor will ask the patient to provide feedback on which lenses provide the clearest vision. This subjective refraction helps fine-tune the prescription.5. Binocular vision assessment: The doctor will evaluate how well the patient's eyes work together and assess any issues with binocular vision, such as strabismus or amblyopia.6. Near vision assessment: The patient's near vision will be tested using reading charts or other specialized tests to determine if a separate prescription is needed for close-up tasks.7. Prescription determination: Based on the findings from the objective and subjective refraction, as well as the binocular and near vision assessments, the doctor willdetermine the final prescription for eyeglasses.8. Lens selection: The patient will be guided in selecting frames and lens options that best meet their visual needs, lifestyle, and preferences.9. Lens fitting: Once the frames and lenses are chosen, the optician will take measurements and adjust the frames to ensure proper fit and alignment.10. Follow-up: The patient may be scheduled for afollow-up visit to assess the effectiveness of the prescribed glasses and make any necessary adjustments.中文回答：医学验光配镜的流程通常包括以下几个步骤：1. 病史和症状，验光师或眼科医生会先详细了解患者的眼部健康状况、以往的视力问题以及当前的症状或关注点。

眼外肌病及弱视的检查项目有哪些？检查项目：视力、瞳孔反射、眼底检查、视觉诱发电位、散光表验光法、眼球运动检查、眼功能检查、血常规视觉检查是发现儿童弱视或斜视的重要途径，也可发现先天性眼疾如白内障、青光眼、视网膜母细胞瘤等。

定期检查可以早期发现和早期治疗或矫正。

视觉功能检查在出生后数月内即可进行，3岁左右可再行视力检查。

1、弱视检测（1）出生不久的婴儿：可通过角膜映光、红光反射、瞳孔检测、眼底检查（有时可以做）等方法，检测婴儿眼睛的总体健康状况。

（2）婴儿至2周岁：可以检查视觉功能，还无法用视力表检查。

可以交替遮盖双眼，注意患儿的反应。

若无弱视，遮盖一眼，另一眼都能保持中心注视，并且头位基本不动。

若一眼弱视，当健眼被遮盖时，会表现出反抗行为，如必出反抗声音，或移动头位等。

也可观察眼位运动，通过移动一个有趣的注视目标（如钥匙圈），观测眼睛是否随目标移动。

还可采用优先观看法、视觉电生理检查，评价视觉功能。

（3）2岁～4、5岁：图形视力表可用于检测2、3岁孩子的视力。

3岁时，大多数儿童能使用E字型视力表。

检测时，应完全遮盖一眼。

此后，应每个检测一次视力。

该年龄期儿童的视力可能达不到1.0，但只要达到0.5并且双眼视力均等，说明视力发育正常。

（4）4、5岁以后：可以使用字母型或“E”型视力表。

该年龄段发现弱视的方法还有摄影验光（photorefraction），电脑化的摄影验光仪可在小瞳下检测，发现屈光不正、斜视、屈光参差、屈光介质混浊等。

2、斜视检查（见本章第二节）3、红光反射（Brucher测试）距被测者约1m，用检眼镜观察双眼（散瞳下）视网膜反光的颜色，若有屈光介质混浊，则红色反光中带有黑影；若反光呈白色，有可能发现眼底发育不良的改变、潜在的眼内损伤、白内障、肿瘤等。

4、瞳孔反射瞳孔反射异常，提示神经性疾病或其他眼内损伤。

验光流程的英语版本The process of eye examination, commonly referred to as refraction, is essential for determining an individual'svisual acuity and prescribing corrective lenses. It typically involves several key steps to ensure accurate results and a comprehensive assessment of the patient's eye health.Firstly, the examination begins with a preliminary assessment. The patient is welcomed and asked about their medical and ocular history, including any existing conditions, medications, and family history of eye diseases. This information helps the optometrist gauge potential riskfactors and tailor the examination accordingly.Next, visual acuity testing is performed. The patient is asked to read letters from an eye chart at a specified distance, usually 20 feet. This test measures how well each eye can see clearly at various distances. The results, oftenexpressed in a fraction (for example, 20/20), indicate the clarity of vision compared to a standard reference distance.Following the visual acuity test, a refraction assessment is conducted using a phoropter. The optometrist presents a series of lenses with varying strengths in front of the patient's eyes, asking which lenses provide the clearest vision. This process may involve a technique known as‘fogging’ to help determine the patient's best corrective lens prescription by gradually refining the lens choices.Additionally, the optometrist may perform a keratometry or topography test, which measures the curvature of the cornea. These measurements are crucial, especially when considering contact lens fittings or assessing conditionslike astigmatism.Another vital component of the examination is a binocular vision assessment. This evaluates how well the eyes work together and includes tests for depth perception and eyealignment. The optometrist may use prisms to determine any eye muscle imbalances.Moreover, the eye health evaluation is conducted using various instruments. A slit lamp examination allows the optometrist to inspect the anterior structures of the eye, while a fundus examination is performed to evaluate the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels at the back of the eye. This often involves the use of dilation drops that temporarily widen the pupil for a more comprehensive view.Once all tests are completed, the optometrist discusses the findings with the patient. Recommendations for corrective lenses, if needed, are provided based on the refraction results along with additional treatments or referrals if any eye health issues are identified.In conclusion, the eye examination process is a systematic and thorough approach to evaluating both vision and overall eye health. Regular eye exams are essential formaintaining optimal visual function and catching potential problems early.。