职称英语考试全文翻译-Youth Emancipation in Spain

05Translation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.06IV. Translation（2004版32课Energy in Transition）Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fieldsare discovered, they will make little differe nce, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large qu antities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs. 71~Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at cos ts comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.译文：70年能源供应需要开采、加工和燃烧大约30亿公吨的煤和褐煤，大约170亿桶的石油，一万多亿立方米的天然气和大约20亿立方米的木柴。

中石油职称英语考试阅读练习English is a Crazy Language1.Let's face it-English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat.1.让我们接受现实吧—英语是一种疯狂的语言。

茄子(eggplant，字面意为鸡蛋植物)里并没有鸡蛋，汉堡包(hamburger，字面意为火腿夹饼)里也没有火腿。

同样，菠萝(pineapple，字面意为松树苹果)里既没有松树也没有苹果。

松饼(English muffin，字面意为英式松饼)并不是英国人发明的，而炸薯条(French fries，字面意为法式油炸食品)也不是法国人的发明。

“甜肉”(sweetmeat)指的是蜜饯，而(while)“甜面包”(sweetbread)不是甜的，它指的是牛杂碎。

2. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we findthatquicksand can work slowly, boxingrings are square and aguinea pig isneitherfrom Guinea nor is it a pig. ( nor引导的倒装句) Andwhyit is thatwriters writebutfingers don't finge, grocers don't groce and hammers don'tham?Iftheplural of tooth is teeth,why isn'tthe plural ofbooth beeth?Ifyou have one goose, two geese,why notone moose, twomeese, or one index, two indices?2.我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切，但是如果我们分析一下英语中似是而非的情况，我们马上就会发现“快的沙子”(quicksand，流沙，也只陷阱，困境)往往走得很慢，“拳击的圆圈”(boxing rings，拳击场)是方的，“几内亚猪”(guinea pig，天竺鼠)既不是来自几内亚，也不是猪。

中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD. prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。

【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD. discontinue【参考答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。

1. In the years that followed, Bill learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.B.在往后的几年里，比尔就这样学着拼写，虽然不理解意思，却也学会了拼写许多单词。

2. It is undoubtedly true that poverty is still a problem in this country, as it is in many other developing and even developed economies.D.毫无疑问，这个国家同其它许多发展中国家乃至发达国家一样，仍然存在着贫困问题。

3. 破镜虽已粘补，但既不美观，又不牢固。

A. A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.4. 为了发展初等教育，根据我国宪法和实际，特制订本法律。

A. This law has been drawn up on the basis of the Constitution and the reality in our country in order to develop primary education.5. 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们确定的战略目标就不能实现。

C. We can not achieve our strategic goals unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy.6.就英汉两种语言的区别而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

C.英语定语位置较固定，汉语定语位置较灵活7.就法律英语的特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇 Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇:orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

全国职称英语级别考试试题、答案综合类试卷及答案综合类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近旳选项。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3. I got a not from Moria urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8. Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15. She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatedD examines第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语考试真题阅读理解题目2017职称英语考试真题阅读理解题目职称英语考试中有大量的阅读理解题，为了帮助大家，店铺整理了2017年的职称英语阅读理解，希望能帮到大家!New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’spopulation now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A) Food.B) Chocolate.C) Potato.D) Coffee2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" meansA) some cocoa trees.B) some chocolate drinks.C) some shops.D) some South American Indians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" becauseA) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.B) they were forced to emigrate to America.C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D) the potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA) Brazil.B) Colombia.C) Ethiopia.D) Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.My Fast JobI was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the hayfields of Eufaula, Oklahoma. By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up low-income rental properties. He gave me a penny for every nail I pulled out of old boards.I got my first real job, at JM's Restaurant in town, when I was12. My main responsibilities were clearing tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.Every day after school I would head to JM's and work until ten. Saturdays I worked from two until eleven. At that age it was unlucky going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play. I didn't necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have. Because of my job I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local bar Tastee Freez. This made me proud.Word that I was honest and hardworking got around town.A local clothing store extended credit to me although I was only in the seventh grade. I immediately charged a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of trousers. I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I was already $ 90 in debt! So I learned early the danger of easy credit. I paid it off as soon as I could.My first job taught me discipline, responsibility and brought me a level of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, "If you understand sacrifice and commitment, there are not many things in life you can't have." How right he was!31 When the author was a child, he was made to help his father work because___________A the restaurant was short of hands.B his family belonged to the low-income group.C he wanted to earn some money.D he was stronger than his two brothers.32 At the age of 12, the author got a job at a restaurant and often worked till late at night because___________A he liked that work.B he didn't like playing.C he was hard-working.D he felt rewarded by doing that work.33 The word "Word" in the sentence "Word that I was honest and-hard-working got around town in the fourth paragraph means___________A statement.B advice.C news.D promise.34 When the author was in the seventh grade, he was in debt because___________A he did not work any more.B he bought clothes on credit.C he was charged too much for the sports coat.D he made little money at that time.35 What does the author want to tell the reader by this text?A If you know sacrifice and responsibility, you can have many things in life.B Children from poor families usually have a very unhappy childhood.C Children should be made to work and earn some money by themselves.D You will learn discipline and responsibility by working early in life.SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “svusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. T oday most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is goof for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of waterper hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body’s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor’s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.桑拿浴仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。

/forum-346-1.htmlLesson1(语法为主)1.Let's face it-English is a crazy language. There is no eggin eggplant 【茄子】nor ham in hamburger; neither【两者都不】 apple nor pine【松树】 in pineapple. Englishmuffins【松饼】were n't invented【invent:发明】in England nor French fries in France.2.We take English for granted.5.Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed【commit：托付，犯错】 to an asylum【精神病院】 for theverbally【口头地，文字地】insane【疯狂的，精神失常的】 .1can a slim【苗条的，渺茫的】chance and a fat【肥胖的，大量的】chance be the same,while a wise man and wise guy【自作聪明的人】are opposites 【相反的，对立的】,and quite a lot and quite a few【相当多】 are alike 【同样的，相像的】?2have to marvel【惊奇】at the unique【独一无二的，唯一的】lunacy【愚蠢，荒谬】 of a language3is why,when the stars are out,they are visible【看得见的】,but when the lights are out,they are invisible【看不见】 . And why,when I wind up【上紧发条】 my watch,I start it,but when I wind up thisessay【文章】,I end it?Lesson2(语法为主)1Wisdom【智慧】was not at the top of the graduate【研究生的，毕业生】mountain, but there in the sandpile at nurseryschool【幼儿园】.2tilings【瓷砖】 back where you found them.3Goldfish and hamsters【仓鼠】and white mice【mouse:老鼠】/forum-346-1.htmland even the little seed in the plastic cup-they all die【死亡】. So do we.6.Thinkof【考虑，思考】what a better world it would be if we all-the whole world-had cookies and milk about 3 o'clock every afternoon Lesson3(重点课文，阅读，翻译)1office is the mutual【共同的，相互的】product【产物，产品】 of economic 【经济的】 ,scientific【科学的】 ,and social【社会的】 progress【发展，进步】. Mobile office has become asolution【解决方法】that provide s 【提供】 users with convenient【方便的】,prompt【及时的，迅速的】,safe,reliable【可靠的】,andreasonably【合理地，明智地】 priced【附有定价的】communications【通讯，通信】Using mobile officeand WAP【无线接入协议】technology【技术】 ,people can do their work anywhere anytime （2010年考题）,cansend and receive data【数据】 viaterminals【终端，末端】such as mobilephone,palm【手掌】computer,and PDA【个人数字助理】,and can surf【冲浪】 the Internet. Integrating【使结合】Internet and mobile communications【通讯，通信】network【网络】,and providing powerful【强大的】applications【应用】support capacity【能力】for wireless【无线的】interconnection【互相联络】,2you leave your office to attend【参加】 meetings or travel onbusiness 【因公】, When yourclients【客户】 need you to make someurgent【紧急的，急迫的】modifications【修改】 on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant【相关的】 documents【文件】,what can youdo? 4.Mobile office has provide d people with convenient,casual【随意的，随便的】 workingenvironment【环境】, we believe that with technical 【技术的】 progress,people can certainly overcome【克服，战胜】 all kinds of difficulties.Lesson4(语法为主)1.No matter where you'r e going or how long you're staying,keep/forum-346-1.htmlreading! These tips【建议，小费】 will help you make the mostof anyurban【城市的】adventure【冒险活动】.12.If" you're not afraid to get lost,you'll see more-andyou'll have a better time!Lesson5(语法为主)1.Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollars to spend 【花费】 on anything wedesire【渴望】.1While【虽然】 having some money does have an impact【影响】on ourlevel 【水平，等级】 of happiness,2after US$50.000,happiness does not increase【增加】 assalaries【薪水】go up. 4.'The more you make,the more you want. The more you have,the less it brings youjoy【欢乐，乐趣】," 6."If you're look ing for happiness in life,find the right husband or wife rather than【而不】 trying to double 【加倍】 your salary."Lesson6(语法为主)1.An old song says that "love make s the world go around."补充：下列词在主动语态中不带 to,被动语态要加 to.吾看：look at, see, observe,notice,watch三室(使)：make ,let have两厅（听）：listen to,hear一感觉：feelThe whole country breaks out【爆发】 with little red hearts.3. When two couple【一对】go out together, it 's called doubledating.A friend might even arrange【安排】a blind【盲人的】 date for you with someone you don't know.4.After a while,【不久】a boy and a girl may decide they want to go steady 【稳定的】.5. Romantic love is very much a part of American culture【文化】.6.Actually【实际上】, love is a part of every culture, not just American culture. People all over the worldsearch【寻找】 for happiness in a loving 【爱的】relationship【关系】. Maybe love does make the world go around./forum-346-1.htmlLesson7(重点文章，翻译文章 1.2.3.段)1Although recent years have seen substantial【大量的】reductions【减少】 innoxious【有毒的】pollutants【污染物质】 from individual【个人的】 motor vehicles【机动车辆】, thenumber of such vehicles has been steadily【稳定地】 increasing【增加】. Consequently【因此】，There is a growing realization【认识】 that the only effective【有效的】 way to achieve【实现】further reductions in vehicleemissions【排放】 -short of【除..之外】a massive【大量的】shift【去掉】 away from theprivate【私人的】automobile【汽车】 -is to replace【取代，代替】conventional【传统的】 diesel【柴油】 fuel【燃料】 and gasoline【汽油】with cleaner-burning fuels suchas【例如】compressed【压缩的】natural gas【天然气】.liquefied 【液化的】 petroleum【石油】 gas, ethanol【乙醇】, ormethanol【甲醇】. 2of these alternatives【替换物】 are carbon-based fuels whose molecules 【分子】 are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline【汽油】. On the other hand, alternative fuels do havedrawbacks【缺点】. aserious【严重的】liability【不利】in terms of【就...而言】 performance【外观，表演】 and fuel efficiency3Ethanol【乙醇】is commonly【通常地】used as a gasolinesupplement 【补充】, but it iscurrently【当前】 about twice as expensive as methanol 【甲醇】,Lesson8(语法为主)1. They are the principles【原则，准则】on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family. They are the principlesin which my father believed and by which he governed【统治，管理】 his life. They are the principles,many of them,which I learned at my mother'sknee【膝盖】.5.I believe in thesupreme【最高的】worth【价值】 of theindividual【个人】 and in his right to life,liberty【自由】,and thepursuit【追求，追赶】 of happiness.6. I believe that everyright implies【含有，暗示】aresponsibility【责任】;7. I believe that the law【法律】 was made for man and not man for the law;8.I believe in thedignity【高尚，尊贵】of labor【劳动】,9. I believe that thrift【节约】is essential【必不可少的】to Lesson9(语法为主)2. There are many similarities【相似】between public speaking and daily 【日常的】conversation【交谈】. You tailor【修改】 your message to your audience. You tell astory for maximum【最大的】 impact【影响】. You adapt to【适应于】 feedback【反馈】 from your listener.3.Of course,public speaking is also different from conversation. First,public speaking is more highly structured【结构】than conversation. itrequires【需要】more detailed【详细的】 preparation【准备】than does ordinary conversation. Effective speakers adjust【调整】 their voices to the larger audience/forum-346-1.htmland work atavoiding【避免】 distracting【分散】physical【身体的】mannerism 【特殊习惯】and verbal【口头的】habits【习惯】.4.Your speech class will give you anopportunity【机会】 togain confidence 【信心】 and make your nervousness work for you rather than【而不】 against you. if youthink positively【积极地】,choose speech topics you really careabout【关心】,preparethoroughly【彻底地】,andconcentrate on【将..集中于】 communicating with your audience.5.Whatever the speakercommunicates【传达】is the message, which is sent by means of aparticular【特殊的】 channel.Lesson10(语法为主)1.For any woman who has dreamed of"Knight【骑士】 in shiningarmor【铠甲】",the perfect man,or just a man who would give up the TV remote control,you have found him here.3.He is mainly occupied in merely removing【搬开】the obstacles【障碍】which hinder【阻碍】 the free and unembarrassed【不尴尬的】 action of those about him,6.he can recollect【回忆】to whom he is speaking;9.He has too much good sense to be affronted【被侮辱的】 atinsults【辱骂，侮辱】,he is too well employed to remember injuries【伤害】,and too indolent【懒惰的】to bear malice【恶意】.Lesson11(重点文章，阅读，翻译)/forum-346-1.html1. Americans smoke six thousand millioncigarettes【香烟】 every year (1970 figures). This is roughly【大体上】 theequivalent【等量，相等的】 of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated【估计】 that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women.2. Since1939,numerous【许多的】 scientific studies have been conducted todetermine【确定】 whether smoking is a health hazard【危险】. The trend 【趋势】 of the evidence【证据】 has been consistent【一致的】 and indicates 【表明】that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond【除…之外】 all reasonable doubt that tobacco 【烟草，烟叶】smoking,particularly【特别】 cigarette smoking,is associated with【联系】 shortened life expectancy【平均寿命】.3. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers inthis field to be an important factor【因素】 in the developmentof cancer of the lungs【肺】and cancer of the throat【咽喉】 and is believed to be related to cancer of thebladder【膀胱】 and the oralcavity【口腔】.4. Some competent【有能力的】physicians【内科医生】 and research workers-though their small number is decreased even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health.5. Apart from the scientific statistics,it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body.6. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels【血管】. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease,a narrowing ofthe small veins【静脉】 in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead evento amputation【截肢手术】 of limbs【肢】. Smokers also die much more often from heart disease.7. While all tobacco smoking affect s life and expectancy andhealth,cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking.Lesson12(阅读文章)6."How long have you been doing this?" hepursued.【追赶，继续】17.She discovered【发现】 how clay【粘土】 beds ,which existed【存在】for millions of years,were formed. 20.Some were so small they could stand on the head of a pin【大头针】; while others were so large one could feel the weight【重量】 of them in one's hand. 24.If given a chance,will you take it? If given no chance,can you make one?Lesson13(阅读文章)1. Alberta islocated【坐落】 in the western part of Canada and is thewesternmost【最西的】 among thePrairie【大草原】 Provinces. To its/forum-346-1.htmlwest is British Columbia【哥伦比亚】 while to its east isSaskatchewan 【萨斯喀彻温省】.2. With an area of approximately【大约】 255,212 square miles【英里】, equivalent【相等的，相当的】to 661,000 squarekilometers【公里】,it is the fourth largest province in Canada. The province was named after Princess Louis Caroline Alberta,a daughter of Queen Victoria of England. It became a province of Canada in 1905.3. The people of Alberta originally【起初，原来】came from many different countries.Although there are only a limited【有限的】 number of Indiansliving on reservations【保留地】now,two hundred years ago theywere the only inhabitants【居民】in what is now called Alberta.4.Even now,raising cattle is still one of the leading branches of economy. Alberta is also rich in forest resources【资源】,coal and oil.It is one of the main timber【木材】 producing provinces in Canada. Owing to【由于】 itsrich deposit【储蓄,矿藏】 in oil,petroleum industry has become one of the most importantindustries of the province,with many oil fields 【油田】 andrefineries【炼油厂】. Alberta also produces more coal than any other province.5.The third largest city isLethbridge【莱斯桥】, having a population of about 67,000 persons.7. Alberta is located in the MountainStandard【标准】 TimeZone【时区】.Lesson14(以前的翻译，阅读文章，语法为主) 1.Have you ever stop ped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil? Take a look at your day.2.All owe their origin【起源，来源】to the oil known as petroleum. 4. Scientists predict【预言】that the world's known oilresources【资源】will run out early in the next century. But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities【优先权】. Can we afford【提供，买得起】to use so much of ourlimited【有限的】 petroleum supplies forprivate【私人的】 motoring?5. There is an old English saying,"Necessity【需要】 is the mother of invention【发明】," which means that when you are faced with a need youwill discover【发现】 some wayLesson15(语法为主)2. We are aware【知道的】 that at the end of the central【中心的】 hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear,3. Animals such as dogs and cats also haveconspicuous【明显的】 outer ears,but few of us probably【大概，可能】 ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath thosepointed 【尖的】 tips【末端】.7. The inner ear is composed of delicate【脆弱的】 membranes【薄膜】 which beardense【密集的】patches【小片】 ofspecialized【特殊的】 cells called maculae【macula:斑疹】./forum-346-1.html10. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animalsby the effect 【影响】of pressure【压力】is not definitely【明确地】 knownLesson16(阅读文章为主)1.Most people have heard of the Tower of Babel【巴别塔】 story in theBible 【圣经】.2.As English and German speakers constitute【组成，构成】 the majorities in several of the world's mosteconomically【经济地】,militarily【军事地】,and technologically【科技地】 developed countries,it is important to be familiar with thisparticular【特殊的，详情】 language grouping.3.The Scandinavian languagesof Danish【丹麦语】,Icelandic【冰岛语】,Norwegian【挪威语】,and Swedish【瑞典语】comprise【构成，包含】the North Germanic grouping. 5.Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages account for【2010考题】a great deal of the world'soutput【产品】 in everything from economics【经济】to literature【文学】to military 【军事】to science and technology. Hardly an aspect【方面】 of modern life does not benefit from the contributions【贡献】 made by those using these languages,Lesson17(阅读文章 5.6.7段落为主)1.Coca-Cola is the best-selling【最畅销的】soft【软的】 (non-alcoholic) drink in the world. 165 million "Cokes" are sold every day,from the equator 【赤道】to the Arctic【北极】 .Lesson18（重点文章，阅读为主）1.One of the odder【奇怪的】 coincidence s【巧合】 of physical【自然的】geography【地理】 is the fact that there are twodouble【双的】islands,roughly【大体上】 the same size, positioned at eachother'santipodes【相对极】 , orfarthest-distant【遥远的】 point./forum-346-1.html2.Given the beauty of these three islands,what makes SouthIsland sospecial【特殊的，特别的】? 4.With almost no heavy industry on South Island,the air,water,and land are all freeof pollution.5. The fresh air is sometimes humid【潮湿的】 from the abundant【2010年考题】【大量的】 rainfall of this area. Lesson19（非重点文章）1.Newspapers arecockroaches【蟑螂】 . No matter what is introduced into the mediaecosystem【生态系统】, the oldestof the Big Media survives 【幸存，存活】 . Despite【尽管】 decades【十年】of doomsayers【凶事预示者】, newspapers prospered【成功，兴旺】 through radio, Lesson20（非重点文章，虚拟语气） If Lincoln Had Used a Computer如果林肯使用过计算机……1. The ad for a software【软件】 program【程序】caught my eye. It said,"Write better in 30 days or your money back."2. I'm familiar with computer programs thatcorrect【纠正】 spelling through the use of built-in【内置】 dictionaries.Lesson21（无知识点） Lesson22（翻译文章，生僻的单词不用看）An Introduction to Distillation1.for example,gasolines【汽油】,2. Refining petroleum is a complex【复杂的】series of steps by which theoriginal【最初的】crude material is eventually convert ed【转化】into salable【可销售的】 products with thedesired【渴望的】 qualities【质量】3. that is,crude oil must be converted into products according to the rate of sale of each. To prevent theoccurrence【发生】 of such a situation,the refinery must beflexible【灵活的】 and able to change operations as needed.Lesson23（知识点为主）1. Speaking English fluently【流利地】 and accurately【准确地】 is a goal of many people studying English in China.Fluency【流利】 can be simply 【2010年考题】define d【定义】as"being able to communicate【交流，交际】ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is/forum-346-1.html saying";So,how do we balance【平衡】accuracy【准确】 and fluency in spoken English?2. So,how do we balance【平衡】accuracy【准确】 and fluency in spoken English?4. But,if they make a lot of mistakes,they may find it difficultto get their ideas across.6. Find the problem. What kind of person are you-one who focuseson accuracy or one who focuses on fluency? 7.If you have a problem with the third person singular,try to concentrate on when you make such errors.Lesson24（知识点为主）1. Spacecraft【宇宙飞船】from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon,and men have walked upon its surface【表面】2.Were scientists right about what the moon would be like?7. The surface itself ranges【变化】 from heat of 230℉to cold of minus 290℉,depend ing upon where the sun is.9. In spite of all we have learned from space flights【太空/forum-346-1.html飞行】,the moon is still ariddle from the distant【遥远的】 past Lesson25（知识点为主）1. Books are to mankind【人类】what memory【记忆力】is to theindividual【个人】.Lesson26（重点文章，翻译，阅读）2.True;electricity is one kind of energy.However,energy comesin many forms【形式】. 9.Radiant energy is also called light energy.Our mostimportant source【来源】 of radiant energy is ,of course,the sun.Without it there would be no life,for plant life depends upon radiant energy-and we depend upon plant life.Lesson27（非重点文章） A Handful of【一把】History扑克-手中的历史Lesson28（语法为主）3. She wassurprised【感到惊奇的】 andsuspicious【怀疑的】,then,when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie.5. When I pulled into her driveway【车道】,she was waiting bythe door with her coat on. 6.We talked for so long that we missed the movie.Lesson29（阅读文章）1.People think a great deal of them, so much so that on allthe highest pillars【支柱】 in the great cities of the world you will find the figure【塑像】of a conqueror or a general or a soldier.Animalsfight【搏斗】; so do savages【野蛮人】; Fighting mean s killing, and civilized people s【民族】 ought to be able to find some way of settling theirdisputes【争论】other than byseeing which side can kill off【消灭】the greater number of the other side,2. That is what the story of mankind【人类】 has on the wholebeen like.3.From the point of view ofevolution【进化】, human beings are very young childrenindeed【的确，确实】,/forum-346-1.htmlLesson30（重点文章语法为主）1. The vast expanse【广阔的区域】 of the United States of America stretch es 【延伸】from the heavily industrialized【工业化的】 ,metropolitan【大城市的】Atlantic【大西洋的】seaboard【海岸】across the rich flat【平坦的】 farms of the centralplains【平原】,The entire【全部的】 nation (all 50 states) cover s an area of9 million square kilometers and has a population【人口】 of 220 million people.2. The sparsely【稀少的】settled【定居】,far-northern stateof Alaska is the largest of America's 50 states It is more than two and a half times the size of Sichuan province,Texas,in the southern part of the country,is second in size. Texas is half the size of Alaska.4. America's earlysettlers【移民】 were attracted by thefertile land and varied【各种各样的】 climates it offered for farming.Florida and California are famous for theircitrus【柑橘】 fruitsand tropical【热带的】avocados【鳄梨】;5. Underground,a wealth of minerals【矿物】 provides a solidbase【基础】for American industry. Texas,a big oil-producer in the southwest,alone accounts for one-fifth the value of all U.S. mineral production.6. America has long been known as a "melting pot," for it is anation ofimmigrants【移民】 from all over the world. The first to arrive-from Siberia【西伯利亚】 ,more than 10,000 years ago7. Tens of millions flooded【大量涌入】 to America's shores from Europe between 1880 and the First World War. The nextlargest group of Americans trace【追溯】theirancestry【祖先】to Africa,black people now constitute【构成】 over 11 percent of the population.8. Once a nation of farmers,the United States has become increasingly urban【城市化】since the turn of the last century./forum-346-1.html9. Americans are always on the move. Each year,one in every five Americans leaves home and job to find new ones somewhere else. Lesson31（非重点文章）1.Theysailed【航行】well and the old man soaked【浸，泡】 his hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear.2. He had come up so fast andabsolutely【完全地】 withoutcaution【警告】that he broke the surface【水面，表面】 of the blue water and was in the sun.Lesson32（重点文章，翻译文章）1. Petroleum geology is the application【应用】 of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration【勘探】 for and production【生产】 of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly【牢牢地】based on chemistry,physics,and biology,involving【包括】 the application of essentially【基本地】abstract【抽象】 concepts to observed【观察的】 data【资料】.2. The application of chemistry to the study of rocks(geochemistry【地球化学】) has many uses in petroleum geology. this detailedmineralogical【矿物学的】 information isessential【必要的】for the accurate【精确的】interpretation【解释】of geophysical【地球物理学的】 well logs【测井】 through reservoirs【储层】. Knowledge of the chemistry of pore【孔隙】 fluids【液体】and their effect on thestability【稳定性】of minerals【矿物质】 can be used to predict【预言，预测】 where porosity【孔隙度】 may be destroyed by cementation【胶结】,preserved【保存】 in its original【起初的】 form,or enhanced【提高】 by solution【溶解】 of minerals by formation waters【地层水】. anic【有机的】 chemistry is involved both in the analysis【分析】of oil and gas and in the study of the diagenesis【成岩作用】of the plant and animal tissues【组织】 in sediments【沉淀物】/forum-346-1.html1Biology is applied【应用】 to geology in several ways,notably【显著地】 through the study of fossils【化石】 (paleontology【古生物学】), 2Geologists【地质学家】, in contrast to some nongeologists,believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and,Lesson33（重点文章，阅读文章）What Do Parents Owe【欠】Their Children 3.There are plenty of loans【贷款】 andscholarships【奖学金】 for the bright 【聪明的】and eager【渴望的】 who can't afford to pay.4.After children marry【结婚】,their parents do not owe them a down payment 【预付定金】 on a house or money for the furniture【家具】.7.No child is ever too old to behugged.【拥抱】8.Parents owe their children some religious【宗教】 training【训练】. 9.Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body10.Parents owe their children privacy【隐私】and respect【尊重】 for theirpersonal belongings【财产】.12. No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world,you owe the children something.Lesson34（重点文章，语法为主）1. On the night of August 17,1959,at about 20 minutes before midnight,the ground in the vicinity【附近】 of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently【猛烈地】.2. What was even more frightening【可怕的】 was the sound ofhuge boulders【巨石】which began rolling down the steep【险峻的，陡峭的】 mountain. In one part of the upper reaches【上游河段】 of the Madison River,a whole mountain began shifting【移动】,6. It is the earth's 40 -mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake. The earth's crust is formed of many different layers【层】 of rocks./forum-346-1.htmlBecause of the great weight pressing down on them,these layers tend tofold【折叠】 downward at weak spots, 7.The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate【精密的】 machine will record it.8. Some Parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes than others. Lesson35（重点文章，阅读文章）1. Life insurance【保险】is not really betting although it can be compare d to it. You pay the money just in case.4. This system of trading services with each other has beenwith us for quite a while.The trouble was that the reward was not always given to everyone,nor was it given to those who deserved【应得】it most.5.He found that he could no longer support himself by growing his own food.6. These companies were some of the first to accept payment for insurance.8. Lloyd’s has become famous for some of the unusual things it has insure d. For instance Lloyd has insured against the birth of twins. If twins had been born to the family insured,the company would have had to pay a certain amount of money to the parents. You can see in this example that someinsurance is a little like gambling【赌博】. There have also been many cases of famous performers or athletes who have insured themselvesagainst accidents.Suppose【假定，猜想】/forum-346-1.htmla very good actor feared that his looks could be injure d. If they were,he would not be able to make a living as an actor. Therefore,he mightattempt【试图，尝试】 to insure himselfagainst that possibility 【可能，可能性】.Lesson36（重点文章，语法为主）1. To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone 【易于..的】,nosuperhuman【超人的】 genius【天才】is required【需要】.A few simple rules will keep you,not from all error,but from sillyerror 【错误】.5.this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space.6.Be very wary【谨慎的】 of opinions that flatter【奉承】 yourself-esteem 【自尊】.7. Seeing that each nation has itscharacteristic【典型的】merits 【优点】and demerits【缺点】,we adjust【调整】 our standard【标准】 of values so as to make out that the merits possessed【具有】 by our nation are the really important ones,while its demerits arecomparatively trivial【不重要的】.Lesson37（重点文章，语法为主）3.From the moment I saw you smile,as you opened the door forthat young mother and her newborn【新生的】baby. I knew. I knew that I wanted to share the rest of my life with you.1as I shook and trembled【颤抖】uncontrollably【无法控制地】 in thetrenches【战壕】, did I forget your face.2cannot tell you how strong my love for you was back then,when I returned to you on leave in September,feelingbattered【憔悴的】,bruised【瘀伤的】and fragile【脆弱的】. We held each other so tightＩthought we would burst【破裂】.15.As we grew old together,I would tease【取笑，戏弄】 you that you had not changed since we first met.19.I am too old and too empty now to live much longer without you./forum-346-1.htmlLesson38（重点文章，翻译，阅读文章 2.3.4.段）2.World oil production is about to reach a peak【高峰，山顶】 and go into its final decline【下降】.3.Finding oil is like fishing in a pond. Recent discoveries aremodest【适中的，谦虚的】at best.Lesson39（阅读文章） Lesson40（阅读文章）6.His third grade teacher wrote,"His mother's death has been hard on him.Lesson41（重点文章翻译文章 2.3.4.5.6.7）1. The petroleum era【时代】was ushered【引进】in by the 1859finding at Titusville,Pennsylvania, Natural gas is quite variable 【易变的】 in composition【成分】,but the major constituent【成分】 (>60%) is methane【甲烷】.In terms of volume【数量】,most of the natural gas produced is used for fuel,2. The chemical industry depend s very heavily on petroleum,natural gas,and natural gasliquids【液体】 as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess【超过】of90% of the literally【真正地】 thousands of different basic【基本的】organic【有机物的】 chemicals employed today are derive d【源于】from these sources.6. Petrochemicals【石化产品】 are generally chemical compounds【化合物】derive d from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture9. The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum is based on the ready response of the various compound types to basic chemicalreactions【反应】Lesson42（非重点文章） Lesson43（重点文章，阅读文章）1.On the morning of April 15,1865,Abraham Lincoln lay【lie】dying in a hall bedroom of acheap lodging house【招待所】 directly across the street from Ford's Theater,3.I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devote d all of three years to writing andrewriting【改写】 a bookentitled【给..提名，给..权利】 Lincoln the Unknown.6.Never again did he write an insulting【侮辱的】letter. Never/forum-346-1.htmlagain did he ridicule anyone. 8.Theodore Roosevelt said that when he,as President,was confront ed【面对】with a perplexing【令人困惑的】problem,he used to lean back and look up at a large painting of Lincoln which hung above his desk in the White House and ask himself,9.I am all in favor of it.10.When dealing with people,let us remember we are not dealing withcreatures【生物】of logic【逻辑】.Lesson44（语法为主）1.It is the simplest,most convenient【方便的】 and least expensiveof allwriting instruments【工具】.Lesson45（语法为主）2. One of the rules for being rich is to avoid frivolous【不重要的】temptations【诱惑】 . That is easier said than done,andwe do not necessarily【必要地】recommend【建议】that all people should lead a pureand joyless【不快乐】 life.3. Be ing able to save and accumulate【积累】considerable【相当多的】 wealth is notautomatic【自动的】.5. The first auxiliary【辅助的】 rule for becoming rich is to stay in school or,if out of school,go back to it.9.From our perspective【观点】 ,becoming rich is really a matter of choice.。

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综合英语（六）复习题一综合英语（六）复习题一I. Match the definitions in Column B with the words or phrases in Column A (8 points in total, 1 point for each)A B1. take charge of2. homemade3. emulate4. sizable5. work up6. Live off7. emphasis8. Catch/get/take hold ofII. Filling in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. (12 points in total, 1 point for each)afflictcast circulation collectionconfer demonstrate isolationmaximum motivation wedge catch sb. In the middle of check out1. They turned on the cameras and _____ me right _____.2. These studies _____ the capacity of the dolphin to developa particular kind of language ability under the influence of humans.3. Undoubtedly some will be unable to cope with this emphasis on self-management because they lack either the intelligence or perhaps, more importantly, the ______ to do so.4. The patient lies on his back, his head, shoulders and trunksupported on a _____ cushion.5. Karsten Schubert shows us an interesting _____ of rare catalogues.6. 6 percent of the respondents said they rarely spend time with friends, colleagues, or others in social groups. Social _____ has been thought of as a cause of social distress.7. The Independent , which celebrates its third birthday today, achieved a record _____ in September of 419000 copies a day.8. Here, the library is a readers ’ paradise; everything ’s for free and you can _____ as many things as you like.9. The oak tree ____ a long shadow across the lawn in the afternoon.10 Advertisements encourage the purchase of strong and well-known brands that _____ status.11. Private businesses would be limited in the size of workforce, from a _____ of 200 employees in an industrial or company down to a _____ of 15 employees in the retail sector.a. Fairly largeb. Take sth. in the handc. Depend on sb or sth for money or foodd. Try to do as well as or better thane. Made at homef. Rouse to a high point of excitement, etc., excite, stir upg. Take control ofh. Special force given to certain words, ideas or details in speaking, writing, to show that they are important.12.The greatest problem _____ the chemical industry at the moment is simple: the recession.III. Cloze: (10 points in total, 1 point for each)Directions: Read the passage carefully until you have got itsmain idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.appropriate Success invented considered lessexhibiting repetition promoting later Advantageinstant ensured too literacy significantlyDeveloping a love reading and writing is a role that parents can play in their children’s lives. _____ (1) in school and later careers depends on a large scale on having good reading and writing skills. These days we constantly hear about the importance of _____ (2) . What does literacy mean? It’s the ability to read and wrote.Help your child learn to love reading. The key is to start early. Read out loud to your child regularly. Research shows that reading together just 30 minutes a day _____ (3) improves your child’s reading ability.Aside from that, another important activity for _____ (4) literacy is using the library. Get a library card for each child, let them go often to select new books on their own. Check with the librarian to find what is ____(5)Take the time to look at your daily activities and help your child see the connection to reading and writing. Cooking, reading food labels, playing word games, and writing stories can be helpful, _____(6)For children who don’t read much, it might take time to get used to reading aloud, and _____ (7), silent reading. Give it the time it deserves. You may get tired of reading the same stories again and again but it is that _____ (8) that is so important for your child.Children see adults around them writing and reading messages, notes, articles or books. This often makes them wantto say their ideas out loud so you can write them down. At preschool age or older, children begin to write, using their own _____ (9) spelling or best guess. They understand that writing helps them share important information and experiences. It is _____ (10) important for children to spell the words right than it is to enjoy the experience. Correct spelling can happen a litter later.IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points in total, 2 point for each)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One March MadnessFor the rest of March, an epidemic (传染病) will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.The disease, known as "March Madness", refers to the yearly 65-team US men's college basketball tournament. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. Teams compete against each other in a single-elimination tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness.The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends, husbands against wives, and colleagues against bosses.Big-name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities.This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Last year, they little-known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. Many people had never been heard of the university before the tournament.College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. But that doesn't mean money isn't involved.About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will draw over $500 million in advertising revenue this year topping the post-season revenue, including that of the NBA(全国篮球协会).1. What will happen in the remaining part of the month?A. Many Americans will be sent to madhouses.B. Great excitement will spread across the US.C. About 20 million Americans will be put in prison.D. A deadly epidemic will break out in the US.2. Which statement about the epidemic is NOT true?A. It occurs every fourth year.B. It starts on March 15.C. It is known as "March Madness".D. It lasts through the beginning of April.3. Which of the following is NOT an instance of "March Madness"?A. Kids run away from school.B. Husbands kiss their wives.C. College students keep homework piling up.D. Employees can't concentrate on their work.4. It is great funA. looking at wives kissing their husbandsB. listening to students talking to their teachersC. watching farmers kicking their donkeysD. betting on the winners of each game5. The little-known George Mason University was a dark horse becauseA. it had a student body of 30,000B. its players were al black peopleC. it had never been expected to be victoriousD. its players ran as fast as black horsePassage Two Declining Interest in Developing Foreign Language SkillsAustralia's foreign language skills are declining, Voice of America has reported. New figures show that only 13 percent of high school graduates can speak a foreign language. But four decades ago, 40 percent had foreign language skills.Professor Elise Tipton, from the University of Sydney, says increasingly students do not feel the need to learn another language to boost their career. She believes that Australia's economic boom, which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals, is helping mask serious deficiencies in its language skills.Australia does business very successfully in English with most of its trading partners. But as the world's economic power shifts to emerging regions such as Asia, its language gap could soon be exposed. According to the new figures, less than 6.5 percent of high school graduates are proficient in an Asian language. Academics worry that this means Australia will increasingly be isolated from its economically important Asian neighbors. Dilip Dutta, from the economics and business faculty at SydneyUniversity, says language skills can enhance trading opportunities. If Australians want to trade with Asian countries, it is very important for them to learn the language that will help them to get closer to the culture.But students have different opinions about Asian language learning. Pippa McCowage, a 22-year-old Australian student, says many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages, and the language curriculum is often weak. "While we're encouraged in high school to learn another language, it's not really apparent to me as a realistic expectation that you will have to speak it," said McCowage. "For example, I learned Japanese in high school, when I went on an exchange in Year 10, I found that the Japanese students of my age had a much greater proficiency in English than I did in Japanese. So in that sense, it almost discourages you.At present, about 70 percent of Australia's major exports go to Asia and the Australian government has been keen on developing closer economic and diplomatic ties with Asia. Academics say that, as Asia becomes one of the world's economic powerhouses, Australia needs to improve its language skills if it is to take full advantage of the business opportunities on its doorstep.6. What percentage of high school graduates were proficient in foreign language forty years ago?A. 70 percentB. 13 percentC. 6.5 percentD. 40 percent7. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Australia is essentially a self-sufficient country.B. Australia has rich deposits of minerals.C. Australia has no intention to trade with Asian countries.D. Australian students are not required to learn a foreign language.8. What does Dilip Dutta think language skills can do?A. Improve your relation with your partner.B. Help settle international conflicts.C. Increase trading opportunities.D. Remove barriers in negotiations.9. Why has the Australian government been keenly interested in strengthening ties with Asia?A. Because Asia is where Australia's major exports go.B. Because Asia is where Australia is located.C. Because Asia is where Australians go and spend their holidays.D. Because Asia is where Australia can play a big role in international affairs.10. The word "faculty" in paragraph 3 can be replaced byA. college.B. buildingC. department.D. university.Passage Three Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes, the institutestarted a "Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding"."In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents' tolerance(宽容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules."A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good."His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.11. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young peopleA. live in an independent wayB. fight for freedomC. fight against social injusticeD. get rid of family responsibilities12. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than inA. GreeceB. FinlandC. SpainD. Italy13. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTA. parent's toleranceB. housing problemsC. unwillingness to get marriedD. cultural traditions14. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinoisio Masso?A. She has a boyfriend.B. She is 60 years old.C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid.15. The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byA. tired ofB. afraid ofC. worried aboutD. cautious aboutV. Translation (20 points in total)Directions: Translate into Chinese the underlined passage in the essay.It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge. Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and i had tried to emulate him. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with little idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison Colony still going through only book-reading motions. Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I had.VI. Writing (20 points in total)Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic Reading Makes a Full Man. You should write at least 150 words.。

上册Lesson One Rock Superstars关于我们和我们的社会，他们告诉了我们些什么？What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐。

——摇滚乐评论家约相•罗克韦尔Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.--- John Rockwell, rock music critic知其崇拜何人便可知其人。

——小说家罗伯特•佩恩•沃伦By a man’s heroes ye shall know him.--- Robert Penn Warren, novelist1972年6月的一天，芝加哥圆形剧场挤满了大汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们。

It was mid-June, 1972, the Chicago Amphitheater was packed, sweltering, rocking.滚石摇滚乐队的迈克•贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”。

Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was singing “Midnight Rambler.”演唱结束时评论家唐•赫克曼在现场。

Critic Don Heckman was there when the song ended.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水洒向前几排汗流浃背的听众。

听众们蜂拥般跟随着他跑，急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水。

“Jagger,” he said, “grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. They surge to follow him, eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops”. 1973年12月下旬的一天，约1.4万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着，乱哄哄地拥向台前。

自考英语(二)课文翻译Unit One What Is a Decision ?何为决策 ?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。

作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。

Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年职称英语（卫生类）新增文章译文及解析阅读理解第十六篇 Eat to Live第十六篇为生存而食A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary.粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.即便在年老以后才开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。

Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.加州大学Riverside分校的斯蒂芬?斯潘德尔及其同事发现，只要连续四周限制一些衰老的老鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。

The genetic rejuvenation wo n’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.。

职称英语考试试题职称英语考试试题职称英语考试即将开始考试，目前备考职称英语考试的考生也在循序渐进的.复习中。

下面是店铺整理的职称英语考试试题，希望对您有所帮助。

第一部分：词汇选项1. The company has the right to (end) his employment at any time.AprovideBstopCofferDcontinue2. In the process, the light energy (converts) to heat energy.A. leavesB. dropsC. reducesD. changes3. She (gave up) her job and started writing poetry.Aabandoned BlostCtookDcreated4. We’re happy to report that business is (booming) th is year.A . failingB. openC. successfulD. risky5. We’ve been through some (rough) times together.AlongBhappyCdifficult Dshort6. The thief was finally (captured) two miles away from the village.A. foundB. jailedC. caughtD. killed7. What are my chances of (promotion) if I stay here?AretirementBadvertisementCreplacementDadvancement8. I (propose) that we discuss this at the next meeting.A. requestB. suggestC. demandD. order9. Rodman met with Tony to try and (settle) the dispute over his contract.A. markB. involveC. solveD. avoid10. Can you give a (concrete) example to support your idea?A. specialB. goodC. realD. specific11. It was a (fascinating) painting, with cleaver use of color and light.AlargeBwonderfulCnewDfamiliar12. We’ve see n a (marked) shift in our approach to the social issues.AquickBregularCclear Dgreat13. I was (shocked) when I saw the size of the telephone bill.A. surprisedB. lostC. excitedD. energy14. If we leave now, we should (miss) the traffic.A. avoidB. mixC. directD. stop15. The police took fingerprints and (identified) the boy.AdiscoveredBtouchedCrecognized Dmissed第二部分：阅读判断A Great Quake Coming?Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area--and they can be devastating. In 1906, for example, a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when the next "Big One" will strike. It's bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault( 断层 ) lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust( 地壳 ) slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes.To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture( 断裂 ) at about 2.7 kilometers per second. During bigger quakes, however, recent observations show that ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second.At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses( 脉冲 ) traveled away from the city during the 1906 event. As bad as the damage was, it could have been far worse.Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the area has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case offuture quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According to the new research, however, it's not a matter of "if" the Big One will hit. It's just a matter of when.16. The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17. The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18. The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19. Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20. San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21. Scientists will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22. A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子Cell Phones1Believe it or not, cell phones have been around for over aquarter of a century. The first commercial cell phone system was development by the Japanese in 1979, but cell phones have changed a lot since that time. The early cell phones were big and heavy but they have developed into small and light palm-sized models. There have been huge developments in their functions, too: we have had call forwarding, text messaging, answering services and hands-free use for years, but now there are countless new facilities, such as instant access to the Internet and receiving and sending photos.2Cell phones have become very common in our lives: recent statistics suggest as many as one in three people on the planet now have a cel l phone, and most of them say they couldn’t live without one. Cell phones are used in every area of our lives and have become a necessary tool, used for essential arrangements, social contact and business. They have made it easier to call for help on the highway. They have made it possible to keep in touch with people “on the move” – when people are traveling.3Cell phones have made communication easier and have reduced the need for family arguments! We can use cell phones to let our family know we’ll be late or if there’s a sudden change of plan or an emergency. Cell phones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are out late: they can now contact their children at nay time.4This does not mean that cell phones are all good news. They have brought with them a number of new headaches for their owners: it coasts a lot to replace stolen phones, something that is becoming a frequent occurrence, and have you ever seen such huge phone bills? More serious, however, is the potential health problem they bring: there are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumor ( 肿瘤 ). This may be a time bombwaiting to happen to younger people who have grown up with cell phones that they simply can’t live without!23. Paragraph 1EHistory of cell phones24. Paragraph 2CCell phones in everyday life25. Paragraph 3ACell phones and the family26. Paragraph 4FProblems with cell phonesACell phones and the familyBCommercial cell phone systemsCCell phones in everyday lifeDCell phones for teenagersEHistory of cell phonesFProblems with cell phones27. Nowadays cell phones are equipped withFcountless new facilities28. Cell phones are common in our lives and have becomeAa necessity29. We can use cell phones to communicate with others when we encounterDfamily argument30. In spite of many benefits, cell phones have brought for their ownersCa number of new headachesAa necessityBan emergencyCa number of new headachesDfamily argumentEbig and light palm-sized modelsFcountless new facilities第四部分：阅读理解第一篇Arctic( 北极 ) MeltEarth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean( 北冰洋 ) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks( 萎缩 ) during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end-of-summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness — becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer( 海洋学家) at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere.In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5°Celsius warmer than average and 1.5°C warmer than the previous record high.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea( 波弗特海 ), north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 m thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season's end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist( 地球物理学家 ) at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N.H.Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.31. The word "builds" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced byAestablishesBexpandsCcreatesDconstructs32. By the end of 2007 summer the ice cover in the Arctic wasA38 million square kilometersB4.2 million square kilometersC1.13 million square kilometersD 11.4 million square kilometers33. What may be some of the reasons for the ice melt in the Arctic?AUnusually strong winds and clear skies.BHeavy clouds and light winds.CLong summers and short winters.DThin ice and open water.34. The Beaufort Sea mentioned in paragraph 7 is an example to showAhow accurate the new measurements areBhow thick the ice is in itChow serious the problem of the ice melt in the Arctic isDhow dangerous it is to travel to it35. It can be learned from the last sentence thatAthe ice melt in the Arctic may never stopBscientists are trying hard to stop the ice melt in the ArcticCscientists are delighted to find out what is going on in the ArcticDthe warming trend in the Arctic can be reversed in the near future第二篇Sharing SilenceDeaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have been friends since kindergarten( 幼儿园 ). Together the two boys ，who go to Escondido High School in California, have had the difficult job of learning in schools where the majority of the students can speak and hearOrlando lost his hearing at the age of one. German was born deaf, and his parents moved from Mexico to find a school where he could learn sign language. He met Orlando on their first day of kindergarten.“We were in a special class with about 25 other deaf kids.” German remembers. “Before then, I didn’t know I was deaf and that l was different.”“Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard,”signs Orlando. “The other kids didn’t understand US and we didn’t understand them. But we’ve all grown up together, and today, I’m popular because I’m deaf. Kids try h ard to communicate with me.”Some things are very difficult for the two boys. “We can’t talk on the phone, so if we need help, we can’t call an emergency service,” German signs. “And we can’t order food in a drive-thru.”Despite their difficulties, the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket. They got their jobs through a “workability” program, designed for teenagers from local schools with different types of learning disabilities .German has worked in the supermarket since August, and Orlando started in November.“The other people who work here have been very nice to us,” Orlando signs. “They even sign sometimes. At first, we were nervous, but we’ve learned a lot and we’re getting better.”The opportunity to earn money has been exciting, both boys said. After high school, they hope to attend the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in New York.36. Orlando and German have beenAto Mexico togetherBfriends since they were very youngCdeaf since they were bornDto different high schools37. According to the passage, the difficulty for Orlando and German is thatAthey can’t order food in a drive-thruBthey can’t communicate with their classmatesCthey are not allowed to talk on the phoneDthey are not supposed to use emergency services38. Both Orlando and German have found their jobs atAa local schoolBa fast-food restaurantCa supermarketDa technical institute39. The word “emergency” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toAfoodBalarmCcrisisDquick40. Both boys are happy toAdesign programs for the deafBwork at the National Technical Institute for the DeafChelp students with learning disabilitiesDhave the opportunity to earn money第三篇Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember, and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people.First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked 1 mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less-fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time.So, even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news for your grandparents.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet. Still, it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends. You might even do better in school.Whatever you do, though, don't try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!41. Walking regularly helps elderly peopleAlose weightBbecome happierCconcentrate betterDlook younger42. After taking exercise for a few weeks, the mice were found to haveAhigher blood pressureBfaster heartbeatCmore blood flow to the brainDbetter appearance43. The first study on 41 elderly people foundAthe less-fit participants did arrow tasks fasterBthe fitter participants did arrow tasks fasterCthe less-fit participants gave more accurate answersDthe fitter participants gave more accurate answers44. It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at leastA3 minutesB45 minutesC30 minutesD10 minutes45. It is suggested in the last paragraph that people shouldArun around once a weekBnot read and walk at the same timeCgo for a walk every dayDnot hurt their friends while exercising第五部分：补全短文Houses of the FutureWhat will houses be like in thirty years’ time? No one really knows, but architects are tying to predict.(46)Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years’ time even more of us will be working from home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the houses for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving, growing up and leaving home.(47). Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs.Everyone agrees that in thirty years’ time we will be living in “intelligent” house. We will be able to talk to our kitchen machines and discuss with them what to do. Like this “we’ll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook?”(48). We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check.The house of the future will be personal – each house will be different (49). You won’t have to paint them –you’ll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And if you don’t like the color the next day, you will be able to have a new one.(50) 下载文档。

专业英语八级翻译分类真题汉译英(二)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}TRANSLATION{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}CHINESE TO ENGLISH{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点儿强求、干涉和控制。

{{U}}彼此之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交，反之，则离、则绝。

朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬，这样，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在{{/U}}。

{{U}}每个人都希望拥有自己的一片私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。

待友不敬，有时或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。

维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉，久而敬之才能天长地久{{/U}}。

（分数：20.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：([直译] The continuation of friendship is on the premise that one respects the other. It does not allow any bit of forcing, interference or control. {{U}}If one shares interest, taste, and value of the other, they will come together and relate to one another; otherwise, they stay away from one another and discontinue their relations. No matter how familiar friends may be and how close their relations are, they shall not be too casual to show disrespect and impoliteness. Otherwise, their harmony will break, their balance will be lost, and the friendly relationship between them will come to an end{{/U}}. {{U}}Every one wants a personal space, a forbidden space one may call one's own. If friends are too casual to one another, they may unconsciously invade the other's personal space, so that conflicts may arise, and separation may result. Treating friends with disrespect may seemingly be a small matter, but in fact, it has already sown a destructive seed. We keep a friendly relation best if we relate to one another with due respect and politeness, each not interfering the other's business. Always respect your friends, and your friendship will last{{/U}}. [意译] Mutual respect is the basis of friendship. Any bit of forcing, interference or control will only help to break up this relationship. {{U}}People who share the same interest and taste, who have the same value, come together to form good relationships, whereas people who do not stay away from each other and end their relationships. Familiar though friends may be to one another, and close as their relations, if one is too casual, the other may feel that he is not treated with due respect and politeness. As a result, the harmony may break, the balance may be lost, and their friendly relationship may be finished{{/U}}. {{U}}We all want to have a personal space, a space of our own. If we the friends are too casual to each other, we may unconsciously invade this forbidden space, causing conflicts and making us split up. Casual behavior among friends may seem a small matter. In fact, it is a destructive seed. Don't interfere with your friends' business, and always respect your friends. It is mutual respect and politeness that best keeps a friendly relation and makes it last{{/U}}.)解析：[解析] 首先，这是一篇典型的中国文人写的散文，酷似中国画和书法，洋洋洒洒，读起来使人难免有些飘飘然的朦胧感觉。

1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).6.The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.3.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted for I was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.1.Yet globalization… Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”3.Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoy a comfortable life with all modern facilities.5.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgroundsand views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.7.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer.Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.2.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without findinga phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.6. Even?when?the?path?is?nominally?open- when?there?is?nothing?to?prevent?a?woman?from? being a doctor,a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many?phantoms?and?obstacles,?as?I?believe,?looming in her way.Even?though?the?path?is?now?open?to?women?in?name?only,?when?they?have?the?freedom?to choose to?be?a?doctor,?a?lawyer, a civil servant,?I?believe?that?there?still?exist?many?false?ideas?and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.7.You?have?won?rooms?of?your?own?in?the?house?hitherto?exclusively?owned?by?men.By fighting against?the?Angel?in?the?House?and?through?your?painstaking?efforts,?you?have?gained?a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.1.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago. I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.3.About eighty-five?years?ago?they?were?told?that?they?were?free,?united?with?others?of?our?country in?everything?pertaining to the common?good,?and?in?everything?social,?separate?like?the fingers of the hand.About 85?years?ago,?they?were?told?that?they?were?freed?from?slavery?and?became?united?with the white people in all the essential things?having?to?do?with?the?common?interests?of?our country, but?in?social?life?the?blacks and whites still remain separated.4.In those?pre-invisible?days?I?visualized?myself?as?a?potential?Booker?T.?Washington.Inthose?days?before?I?realized?I?was?an?invisible?man,?I?imagined?that?I?would?become?a?successful?man?l ike Booker T. Washington.5.I wanted?at?one?and?the?same?time?to?run?from?the?room,?to?sink?through?the?floor,?or?go?to her and cover her from my eyes of the others?with?my?body;?to?feel?the?soft?thighs,? to caress her?and?destroy?her,?to?love?her?and?murder?her.On the?one?hand,?I?felt?so?embarrassed?that?I?wanted?to?run?away?from?the?ballroom.?On?the?other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted?to?protect?the?naked?girl?from?the?eyes?of?the other men. I?wanted?to?love?her?tenderly?because?she was an attractive girl,?but?at?the?same?time?I?wanted todestroy?her?because?after?all?she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.6.Should?I?try?to?win?against?the?voice?out?there??Would?not?this?go?against?my?speech,?and?was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistance?If I?should?try?my?best?and?win?the?fight,?then?I?would?be?winning?against?the?bet?of?that?white man, who shouted “I got my money on?the?big?boy.?"?In?that?case?I?would?not?behave?with?humility, and yet?my?speech?talked?about humility as the essence of success. So?maybe?I?should?let?that big boy win?without?putting?up?resistance,?for?this?was?time?for?me?to?show?humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Make full?use?of?what?you?have?and?do?the?best?you?can.?Take?this?attitude?in?making?friends?in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8.“You weren't?being?smart,?were?you,?boy?"?"We?mean?to?do?right?by?you,?but?you've?got?to know your place at all times.”You were?not?trying?to?seem?clever?in?a?disrespectful?way,?were?you,?boy??We?intend?to?do?the right thing by setting you up as role model,?but?you?must?never?forget?who?you?are.1. And I was conscious?of?his?superiority?in?a?way?which?was?embarrassing?and?led?to?trouble.?I knew that?Oppenheimer?was?a?man?of?great?talent?his?way?of?showing?his?talent?at?seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people,?especially?among?his?fellow?students.?2.This did not?seem?to?be?the?sort?of?anecdote?that?would?go?over?especially?well?at?a?conference?devotes to poetry.Since those?attending?the?conference?were?people?devoted?to?poetry,?such?an?anecdote,?though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3.Pitted against?these?excellent?reasons?for?my?not?going?to?the?conference?were?two?others?that? finally carried the day.These were?two?reasons?for?my?going?to?the?conference?ser?against?the?reasons?for?my?not?going?and they became decisive in my final decision.4.He is,?for?me,?one?of?those?people?whose?writing?about?their?writing?is?more?interesting than their writing itself.According to?my?view,?Spender?belongs?to?the?group?whose?writings?about?their?lives,?experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting?than?their?literary?works.?5.Auden’s Dirac-like?lucidity,?the?sheer?wonder?of?the?language,?and?the?sense?of?fun?about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac,?Auden?was?outstanding?in?clarity.?He?was?also?outstanding?in?the?powerful?use?of?the language and the sense of fun about serious?issues.?All?these?greatly?fascinated?me.?6.Spender’s journal?entry?on?his?visit?is?fascinating?both?for?what?it?says?and?for?what?it?does?not say.Spender’s record?of?this?visit?is?interesting?not?only?because?of?the?things?he?mentions?but?also because of the things he doesn’t say.7.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as?a?disembodied?figure?with?no?contextual?relevance?to?Spender’s own life.In his book Spender?fails?to?give?a?connected,?complete?picture?of?Oppenheimer?and?does?nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and?situation?has?quite?a?lot?to?do?with?Spender.?8.The real thing was much better.The real?person?looked?much?better?than?the?pictures.9.One probably?should?not?read?too?much into appearance.Maybe one?should?not?attach?too?much?importance?to?appearance.?10. He had outlived?them?all,?but?was?still?under?their?shadow,?especially?that?of?Auden…?He had lived?longer?than?any?of?his?more?famous?friends?but?traces?or?influences?of?these?friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination?comes?to?life,?and?this,?you?think,is?where?Creation?was?begun.?The landscape?makes?your?imagination?vivid?and?lifelike,?and?you?believe?that?the?creation?of?the whole universe was begun right here.2.But warfare?for?the?Kiowas?was?preeminently?a?matter?of?disposition?rather?than?of?survival,?and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting?advance?of?the?.?Cavalry.TheKiowas?often?fought?just?because?they?were?good?warriors,?because?they?fought?out?of?habit,?character, nature, not because they?needed?extra?lands?or?material?gains?for?the?sake?of?surviving?and thriving.?And?they?could?not understand why the .?Cavalry?never?gave?up?pushing?forward even when?they?had?won?a?battle.?3.My grandmother?was?spared?the?humiliation?of?those?high?gray?walls?by?eight?or?ten?years.Luckily my?grandmother?did?not?suffer?the?humiliation?of?being?put?into?a?closure?for?holding?animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was?a?long?journey?toward?dawn,?and?it?led?to?a?golden?age.?They moved?toward?the?east,?where?the?sun?rises,?and?also?toward?the?beginning?of?a?new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.5.They acquired?horses,?and?their?ancient?nomadic?spirit?was?suddenly?free?of?the?ground.?Now they?got?horses.?Riding?on?horseback,?instead?of?walking?on?football,?gave?them?this?new freedom ofmovement, thus completely liberating?their?ancient?nomadic?spirit.6.From one?point?of?view,?their?migration?was?the?fruits?of?an?old?prophecy,?for?indeed?they emergedfrom a sunless world.In a sense,?their?migration?confirmed?the?ancient?myth?that?they?entered?the?world?from?a?hollow log,for they did emerge from the?sunless?world?of?the?mountains.?7.The Kiowas?reckoned?their?stature?by?the?distance?they?could?see,?and?they?were?bent?and blind in the wilderness.Their stature?was?measured?by?the?distance?they?could?see.?Yet,?because?of?the?dense?forests,?they could not see very far, and they could?hardly?stand?straight.?8.Clusters of?trees?and?animals?grazing?far?in?the?distance?cause?the?vision?to?reach?away?and wonderto build upon the mind. The ?earth?unfolds?and?the?limit?of?the?land?is?far?in?the?distance,?where?there?are?clusters?of?trees?and animals eating grass. This landscape makes?one?see?far?and?broadens?one's?horizon.?9. Not yet?would?they?veer?southward?to?the?caldron?of?the?land?that?lay?below;they?must?wean their blood from the northern winter and hold?the?mountains?a?while?longer?in?their?view.?They would?not?yet?change?the?direction?southward?to?the?land?lying?below?which?was?like?a?large kettle. First they must give their bodies?some?time?to?get?used?to?the?plains.?Secondly,?they?did not want to lose?sight?of?the?mountains?so?soon.?10.I was?never?sure?that?I?had?the?right?to?hear,?so?exclusive?were?they?of?all?merely?custom?and? company.I was?not?sure?that?I?had?any?right?to?overhear?her?praying,?which?did?not?follow?any?customary?way of praying, add which I guess ?she?did?not?want?anyone?else?to?hear.?11. Transported so?in?the?dancing?light?among?the?shadows?of?her?room?she?seemed?beyond?the reach of time. But that was illusion; I?think?I?knew?then?that?I?should?not?see?her?again.?In this?way?she?was?entranced?in?the?dancing?light?among?the?shadows?of?her?room,?and?she?seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)12.The women?might?indulge?themselves;?gossip?was?at?once?the?mark?and?compensation?of their servitude.On these special?occasions,?women?might?make?loud?and?elaborate?jokes?and?talk?among?themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。

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每个试题计2分,共计10分More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS Conference1Prevention is a central issue being discussed at the sixteenth International AIDS Conference in Toronto, Canada. Twenty-four thousand delegates are at the conference which ends Friday.Bill and Melinda Gates2 called for3 faster research to, develop preventions like microbicidest for women to use when they have sex.___1___Melinda Gates said the way to "change this epidemic" is to put power in the hands of women5. In southern Africa, for example, about sixty percent of adults living with HIV6; are women. Bill Gates said women today often have no choice but to depend on men not to infect them. "A woman should never need her partner's permission to save her own life," he said as the conference opened Sunday.___2___ On Monday, former President Bill Clinton said morepeople would get tested for HIV if an aggressive effort took place to fight the stigma. But reducing fears of social rejection is not enough.___3___Researchers at the conference presented the results of a new study of HIV testing. It involved more than one hundred thousand people tested in California last year. Some received a quick test, with results in about twenty minutes. The others received a test that is more commonly used; the results takes two weeks. The researchers say twenty-five percent of the people who had the longer test did not return to learn the results. ___4___George Lemp of the University of California led the study, He says quick tests could be especially important in developing countries with limited transportation.Speakers at the AIDS conference also discussed high rates of new HIV infections among black Americans. Julian Bond is chairman of the NAACP7, a leading civil rights group.___5___Public health officials say half of all new HIV infections in the United States are in blacks. African-American delegates at the conference said they will prepare a five-year plan to reduce infection rates and increase testing.词汇：urge/E:dV/vt．敦促vi.强烈要求empower/im5pauE/vt．授权，使......有能力microbicide/maI`krEJbIsaId/n.杀微生物剂infection/in5fekFEn/n．传染，感染；传染病epidemic/7epi5demik/adj．流行性的n.流行病；(流行病)流行infect/in5fekt/n．传染，感染prioritg/pralrorotl/n．优先，优先权；优先项目stigma/stigma 5stimE/n．耻辱；污名；(某种心理或身体的)特征rejection/ri5dVekFEn/n．排斥，拒绝【备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。