职称英语阅读理解译文(理工+新增)

2022职称英语理工阅读理解1-50译文翻译第四部分阅读理解第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

3年前，福特推出名为ThinkCity的双排座汽车和Think或ThinkNeighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。

但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。

“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的TimHolmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。

”ThinkCity系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需6小时。

通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。

昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。

日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。

丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。

“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。

福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。

”RogerHigman，英国FriendsoftheEarth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。

日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。

混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。

福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。

不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。

六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。

制造商希望修改此法令，允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。

结婚生意每对即将去教堂结婚的夫妻都坚信他们的婚礼一生只有这么一次。

因此他们都希望结婚那天成为最完美的一天。

他们不但希望那一天天气好，还要求得到许多东西；礼服，最新鲜的花束等。

此外，她家里人也不会舍不得为他们的结婚而花钱。

浏览任何一份新娘杂志你都会发现许多诱人的结婚用品和服务竞相争占预算表上的一个位置，除上显眼的结婚戒指、礼服，鲜花和结婚照的选择之外，还有一些不太明显的花费，如一个过度奢侈的蛋糕、婚前的排练晚餐和一个招待宴会，还有婚礼的宴会的配乐、小费、甚至餐巾和上面印有新婚夫妇姓名和结婚日期的折叠纸夹。

由于结婚的准备活动一般都相当复杂，所以从婚礼的筹划到举行的各种活动都可以雇人来帮助完成，包括拍结婚照、选结婚戒指、挑选结婚鲜花，确定蜜月旅行地点等等。

一本杂志曾经开列了一个350多种小册子的清单。

这些小册子当然都是由可供某种服务的企业印发的考虑到美国每年结婚的总耗费超过120亿美元，这种活动也就不足为奇了。

令人奇怪的是，没有任何一个公司能垄断结婚这项活动。

当人们要挑选一个特别的日子作婚礼日时，他们反对标准化。

相反，他们求助于他们熟悉的当地一些小供应商或求助于朋友，家庭成员或朋友常常充当摄像师、筹办宴席的人或乐师，这不但降低了结婚费用，也使婚礼更加充满柔情。

如果新人不想卷入“数十亿美元的婚礼”的产业中，他们可以到城市中的一个小礼堂举行婚礼，那么他们连一个汉堡包的钱也花不了。

收入收入可以是国民收入和个人收入。

国民收入被规定为所有生产要素所得收入，即所获利润、利息、房租、工资和其他的劳动报酬的总和。

个人收入可以被规定为在支付个人所得税前的个人收入的总和。

国民收入不等于国民生产总值，因为生产要素不能从资本消费限额支付或间接商业税中得到补偿，这两方面都包括在国民生产总值中。

为资本消费而储蓄的那一部分钱用于自换设备，因此不能算作收入。

间接税包括营业税、财产税和消费税，由商家直接支付给政府，因此减少了剩下来用于支付生产要素的款额。

2012年职称英语理工类翻译新增文章阅读理解（6篇）第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化理工类C级第六篇不要太在意睡眠我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。

人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。

青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。

这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时，你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几小时，并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。

生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的，但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡，这样就会带来一些问题，例如：早晨很难按时起床。

位于美国罗得州布郎大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon说：“当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神，这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。

”其实生物钟与闹钟一样，也是可调的，事实上，生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节，其方式就是通过你眼睛接收到光线的变化。

很早之前，科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用，长久以来，研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。

2011年职称英语完型填空新增文章译文---理工类运动的年轻人智商更高理A瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。

研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。

这项研究的取样样本是1950-1976年入伍的120万新兵。

这些新兵报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究人员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。

研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的只能测试结果之间的联系很明显。

最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。

但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。

“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充分的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，”瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师Michael Nilsson如是说，“也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。

我们还发现生长因子也很重要。

”通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体健康，智商越高。

“我们还发现，在15-18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，”瑞典歌德堡大学健康科学研究院研究员，Aby健康中心医师Maria Aberg说，“倘若情况果然如此，那么体育应成为学校中重要的一门学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论学科，体育课是非常有必要的。

”研究人员还将新兵服兵役入伍报到时的体格测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来生活中的社会经济地位进行了比较。

那些18岁时身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。

吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁情绪理B有些青少年可能会一口接一口地吸烟来消除抑郁，进行所谓的“自我治疗”。

然而加拿大Toronto和Montreal大学的科学家却发现，事实上，吸烟会加重某些青少年的抑郁情绪。

“这项研究是检验吸烟是否可以给青少年带来精神欢愉的几项研究之一，”首席研究员Michael Chaiton如是说，他是Toronto大学Ontario烟草研究组织的助理研究员，“尽管吸烟能在短时间能起到自我治疗的作用，能振奋精神，但根据青少年自我报告的情况，我们发现，从长远看，吸烟的青少年往往有更多的抑郁症状。

2012年职称英语理工类新增文章2012年职称英语理工、综合和卫生教材（电子版已经发布，欢迎下载）阅读理解（6篇）第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" 注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化阅读理解第六篇Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control whenyou wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. Theclock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resetsitself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of nightplay important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.词汇：circadian/s3:'keidiən/ adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的adolescent/ædəu'lesənt/ n．青少年；adj．青少年的puberty/ 'pju:bəti/ n．发育；青春期sync/siŋk/ n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调synchronize/'siŋkrənaiz / V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。

职称英语阅读理解译文理工类A级手机增加交通行人死亡手机在路上有多种多样的危险。

两个新的研究表明，不管开车还是步行时打手机，都会增加行人、司机和乘客死亡的危险，所以该研究建议严厉限制行人和司机使用手机。

这是一项第一作者为罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的经济学教授Peter D.Loeb的新研究成果，它把手机的意外致命的影响和大量手机使用数量联系起来，表明目前由于手机所引起的死亡数目有所增加，而在此之间的一段时间里，手机事实上能够帮助降低行人和交通致命率。

但研究发现，当手机使用人数达到1亿这个临界数量时，手机降低交通致命率的作用就消失了。

这些研究涉及到从1975年到2002年间的手机使用和机动车辆事故之间的关系，也涉及包括车速、酒精消耗、安全带的使用和行驶的里数等其它方面。

这些研究表明甚至当考虑比如速度、酒精消耗和安全带的使用这些因素时，二者之间的关联也是真实存在的。

在目前，Loeb和他的合著者决定手机的使用"在行人安全上有严重的反作用"并且"手机的使用数量已经超过了临界数量也增加了机动车辆的致命性。

"在20世纪80年代末和90年代的一段时间，在手机使用数量达到大爆炸之前，手机的使用确实在交通事故中起到过"保护生命的作用"。

"当发生交通意外时，手机使用者能够快速地打电话寻求医疗帮助，这种快速的医学求救反应确实能在一定时间内减少一定数量的事故死亡"，Loeb假设。

但是，在20世纪80年代当手机开始被使用时并不是这样，在那时手机在行人、司机和乘客间造成了"致命的效果。

"在早些日子里，那时有不到一百万部手机，致命率增加了，Loeb说，因为司机和行人或许在那时还在适应怎样使用它们，还没有足够的手机能够在事故中呼叫帮助，他解释说。

这"保护生命的效果"是在20世纪90年代当大数量的手机被使用的时候出现的，越来越多的手机在事故之后拨打911求助，这就降低了致命率，Loeb解释说。

*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."词汇：Saturn /'sætən/ n．土星methane/'mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气Titan/'taitən/ n．土卫六acetylene/ə'setili:n/ n．乙炔alien/'eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的conservatism/kən'sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧注释：1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。

第九篇Lightening StrikesThree years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished. The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effec ts of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger. 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works.Occasionally there are warning signs. Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees orchurch spires may glow and make a b uzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time，she has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm. The best place to be is inside a car!The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet.Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.Lightning闪电Strike s攻击、罢工参考译文：雷击1. Three years ago a bolt of lightning闪电all but destroy ed破坏Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside.译文：三年前，一道闪电几乎将林恩•米勒在亚伯丁的房子夷为平地，当时她的两个孩子还在屋里面。

【最新推荐】职称英语理工类教材的阅读理解文章及译文(4)-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==职称英语理工类教材的阅读理解文章及译文(4)Motoring Techonlogy 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year , plus a further 50 million injuries . To reduce car crash rate , much research now is focused on safety and new fuels - though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster . Some safety developments aim to improve your vision . Radar can spot obstacles in fog , while other technologysees throughbig vehicles blocking your view . But whatever is in the fuel tank , you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been manyinnovations . Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash , automatically calling for help . 1. To reduce car crash rate , many scientists are working hard toB . develop faster electric vehicles . D . improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels . A . heavy traffic .C . engine failure . 3. Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage ? B . Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog .D . Improvements in seat belts , pedal controls and tyres . A . reduce oil consumption . C . call for help when ones car crashes . 5. Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers ? B . Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads . D . Robotic drivers are too expensive to use . 1. C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。

2019年职称英语(理工类)补全短文文章及译文4 Musical Training Can Improve Communication SkillsAmerican scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They foundthat developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that1 could help children with learning disabilities.(1)She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. (2)The further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing2. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. (3)Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument -- the cello. (4)The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of themusic3. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events wasthe strongest. (5) She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.词汇：retardation 滞后 cello 大提琴note 音符 rhythm节奏electrode 电极 sensory 知觉的，感官的。