MBA、GCT词汇——泰祺整理

MBA专业术语汇总MBA专业术语汇总AAbility-to-pay principle 能力纳税原则The idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burdenAbsolute advantage 绝对优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their productivityAggregate-demand curve 总需求曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at any price levelAggregate-supply curve 总供给曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at any levelAppreciation 升值An increase in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buyAutomatic stabilizers 自动稳定器Changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate actionAverage fixed cost 平均固定成本Fixed costs divided by the quantity of outputAverage revenue 平均收益Total revenue divided by the quantity soldAverage tax rate 平均税率Total taxes paid divided by total incomeAverage total cost 平均总成本Total cost divided by the quantity of outputAverage variable cost 平均可变成本Variables costs divided by the quantity of outputAccelerator 加速数the effect on GDP of the increase in investment that results from an increase in output. For instance, the greater output leads a firm to believe that the demand for its products will rise in the future; the resulting increase in investment leads to growth in output and still further increases in investment, accelerating the expansion of the economyAcquired endowments 后天禀赋resources a country builds for itself, like a network of roads or an educated populationAdaptive expectations 适应性预期expectations based on the extrapolation of events in the recent past into the futureaggregate expenditures schedule 总支出曲线a curve that traces out the relationship between expenditures--the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditures, and net exports--and the national income, at a fixed price levelantitrust laws 反托拉斯法laws that discourage monopoly and restrictive practices and encourage greater competitionarbitrage 套利the process by which assets with comparable risk, liquidity, and tax treatment are priced to yield comparable expected returnsadverse selection 逆向选择principle that says that those who most want to buy insurance tend to be those most at risk, but charging a high price for insurance (to cover the high risk)will discourage those at less risk from buying insurance at allasset 资产any item that is long-lived, purchased for the service it renders over its life and for what one will receive when one sells itassistance in kind 实物援助public assistance that provides particular goods and services, like food or medical care, rather than cashasymmetric information 信息不对称a situation in which the parties to a transaction have different information, as when the seller or a used car has more information about its quality then the buyerautonomous consumption 自主消费that part of consumption that does not depend on income average costs 平均成本the total costs divided by the total outputaverage productivity 平均产量total quantity divided by the total quantity of inputBBenefits principle 受益原则The idea that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government servicesBond 债券A certificate of indebtednessBudget constraint 预算约束The limit on the consumption bundles that a consumer can affordBudget deficit 预算赤字An excess of government spending over government receiptsBudget surplus 预算盈余An excess of government receipts over government spendin barriers to entry 进入障碍factors that prevent firms from entering a market, such as government rules or patentsbasic competitive model 基本竞争模型the model of the economy that pulls together the assumptions of self-interested consumers, profit maximizing firms, and perfectly competitive marketsbequest savings motive 储蓄的遗产动机people save so that they can leave an inheritance to their childrenBertrand competition 伯特兰竞争an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committed to keeping their prices fixed and that customers can be lured away by offering lower pricesbilateral trade 双边贸易trade between two partiesboom 繁荣a period of time when resources are being fully used and GDP is growing steadilyCCapital 资本The equipment and structures used to produce goods and servicesCapital flight 资本外流A large and sudden reduction in the demand for assetslocated in a countryCartel 卡特尔A group of firms acting in unisonCatch-up effect 追赶效应The property that countries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off richCentral bank 中央银行An institution designed to oversee the banking system and regulate the quantity of money in the economyCeteris paribus 其它条件相同A Latin phrase, translated as 'other things being equal,' used as a reminder that all variables other than the ones being studied are assumed to be constantCircular-flow diagram 循环流向图A visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firmsClassical dichotomy 古典二分法The theoretical separation of nominal and real variablesClosed economy 封闭经济An economy that does not interact with other economies in the worldCoase theorem 科斯定理The proposition that if private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources, they can solve the problem of externalities on their ownCollective bargaining 集体谈判The process by which unions and firms agree on the terms of employmentCollusion 勾结An agreement among firms in a market about quantities toproduce or prices to chargeCommodity money 商品货币Money that takes the form of a commodity with intrinsic valueCommon resources 共有资源Goods that are rival but not excludableComparable worth 同工同酬A doctrine according to which jobs deemed comparable should be paid the same wageComparative advantage 比较优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their opportunity costCompensating wage differential 补偿性工资差别A difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteristics of different jobsCompetitive market 竞争市场A market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker Complements 互补品Two goods for which an increase in the price of one good leads to a decrease in the demand for the other good Constant returns to scale 规模收益不变The property that long-run average total cost stays the same as the quantity of output changesConsumer price index 消费物价指数A measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumerConsumer surplus 消费者剩余A buyer's willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually paysConsumption 消费Spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housingCost 成本The value of everything a seller must give up to produce a goodCost-benefit analysis 成本—收益分析A study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public good。

GCT考试英语单词核心词汇总accuse [ə'kju:z]vt.谴责，指责；(of)控告，告发accustomed [ə'kʌstəmd]a.惯常的，通常的；(to)习惯于...的，适应了的achieve [ə'tʃi:v]vt.完成，达到(目的)；得到，获得acquaintance [ə'kweintəns]n.(with)熟悉，熟知，相识，了解；熟人，相识的人acquire [ə'kwaiə]vt.取得，求得，获得，学得actual ['æktʃuəl,'æktjuəl]a.现实的，实际的，事实上的；现在的，目前的acute [ə'kju:t]a.严重的，激烈的；敏锐的了；锐的，尖的；(疾病)急性的adapt [ə'dæpt]vt.使适应；改编；改写vi.(to)适应additional [ə'diʃənl]a.追加的，附加的；另外的address [ə'dres]n.通讯处，地址；致词，讲话vt.向...致词(说话)；在(信封或包裹上)写姓名地址，致函adequate ['ædikwit]a.充足的，足够的；适当的，胜任的adjust [ə'dʒʌst]vt.(to)调整，调节；整理，使合适administration [əd`minis'treiʃən]n.经营，管理，支配；管理部门，行政机关，政府；实行，执行admire [əd'maiə]vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞赏；称赞，夸奖admit [əd'mit]vt./vi.准许...进来，准许...加入；(to)承认，供认adopt [ə'dɔpt]vt./vi.采用，采纳，采取；正式通过，批准；收养(子女)advance [əd'vɑ:ns]vi.前进；取得进展；(价格等)上涨；促进，推进，助长vt.预先发放，预先支付；提前，使提前发生；提出(建议等) n.前进，进展，发展；预付；提前adventure [əd'ventʃə]n.冒险，奇遇；冒险活动advisable [əd'vaizəbl]a.明智的；可取的；适当的advertise [`ædvətaiz]vt.为...做广告，宣传；(在报刊、电视、广播等中)公告，公布affiliate [ə'filieit]vt./vi.(使...)加入，联合；(to,with)使隶属(附属)于n.附属公司；分公司afford [ə'fɔ:d]vt.(与can,could,be able to连用)买得起，花得起(时间)；提供，给予agency ['eidʒənsi]n.代理行，代办处，经销店；(政府等的)专业行政部门agent ['eidʒənt]n.代理人，代理商，经纪人；政府特工人员，政府代表；动因，原因；剂aggression [ə'greʃən]n.侵略，进攻aid [eid]vt.帮助，援助n.帮助，救护；助手，辅助物，辅助手段alarm [ə'lɑ:m]n.警报，警报器，警铃；惊恐，忧虑vt.向...报警；使惊慌，使不安，惊吓alienation [`eiljə'neiʃən]n.转让，让渡alike [ə'laik]a.(常作表语)相似的，同样的，相像的allocation [`ælə'keiʃən]n.分配；拨款(权)alter ['ɔ:ltə]v.改变，变更amateur ['æmətə:]a.业余的；非职业的；外行的n.业余爱好者，业余运动员；外行amaze [ə'meiz]v.使惊奇，使惊叹ambition [æm'biʃən]n.雄心，野心；期望得到的东西ambulance ['æmbjuləns]n.救护车，救护船，救护飞机amendment [ə'mendmənt]n.修正；赔款amuse [ə'mju:z]v.逗乐；给...提供娱乐analysis [ə'næləsis]n.分析；分析报告ancestor ['ænsistə]n.祖宗，祖先；原型，先驱ancient ['einʃənt]a.古代的；古老的annoy [ə'nɔi]affect [ə'fekt]vt.影响affection [ə'fekʃən] n.喜爱，慈爱，感情，爱慕之情annuity [ə'nju(:)iti]n.年金；养老金anticipate [æn'tisipeit]vi.预料，期望；先于...行动；提前使用apart [ə'pɑ:t]ad.离去，分开；(空间、时间)成距离，相隔；除去apparent [ə'pærənt]a.(to)显然的，明显的；表面上的，外表的，貌似(真实)的appeal [ə'pi:l]vi.(to)呼吁，恳求；(against)申诉；(to)求助于，诉诸于n.(to)要求，呼吁；上诉，申诉；吸引力appetite ['æpitait]n.食欲，胃口；欲望applicable ['æplikəbəl]a.(to)可适用的，可实施的；适当的，合适的appraisal [ə'preizəl]n.评价，估量，估价approach [ə'prəutʃ]vi./vt.(to)靠近，接近n.接近；途径；方法appropriate [ə'prəupriit]n.拨出(款项等)；占用，挪用a. (to)适当的，恰当的approve [ə'pru:v]vt./vi.(of)赞成，赞同；批准，对...表示认可artificial [`ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]a.人造的，人工的；人为的，矫柔造作的aspect ['æspekt]n.方面；外表；(建筑物的)朝向，方向assemble [ə'sembl]vt./vi.集合；装配assessment [ə'sesmənt]n.评估；确定金额asset ['æset]n.有价值的人，优点，长处；(pl.)资产，财产assign [ə'sain]vt.(to)指派，指定；(to)分配；指定(时间、地点等) assume [ə'sju:m]vt.假定，设想；承担，担任，就职；呈现，具有，采取astonish [əs'tɔniʃ]vt.使惊讶，使吃惊attorney [ə'tə:ni]n.代理人；律师authority [ɔ:'θɔriti]n.权力；权威，专家；行政管理机构，当权者；(pl.)vt.使烦恼，使生气；打扰annual ['ænjuəl]a.每年的，年度的n.年刊，年鉴awful ['ɔ:ful]a.极坏的；可怕的；极度的；感到难过的，不舒服的awkward ['ɔ:kwəd]a.笨拙的；尴尬的；棘手的Bban [bæn]n./vt.禁止，禁令，取缔bankrupt ['bæŋkrʌpt]n.破产者vt.使破产a.破产的；彻底缺乏的bare [beə]a.赤裸的，光秃的；仅有的vt.裸露，露出barrier ['bæriə]n.栅栏；障碍；关卡beforehand [bi'fɔ:hænd]ad.预先，事先behalf [bi'hɑ:f]n.利益，方面bid [bid]v.投标；命令，吩咐；说(问候的话)；祝愿；n.出价，报价block [blɔk]n.块；街区；障碍物；大楼，一排房屋vt.阻塞，封锁boast [bəust]v.(of,about)自夸，夸耀；有...可以夸耀，自豪地拥有n.自夸，自吹自擂bold [bəuld]a.大胆的；冒失的；黑体字的bond [bɔnd]n.契约；结合物，粘结剂；债券bonus ['bəunəs]n.奖金；红利；额外津贴boom [bu:m]n.低沉的隆隆声；营业等的激增，经济迅速发展vi./vt.雷、炮等发出隆隆声；兴隆，迅速发展border ['bɔ:də]n.边；边界，国界v.给...加上边，围；与...接壤(毗邻) bore [bɔ:]vt.使厌烦；钻(孔)打眼，凿通n.令人厌烦的人或事；孔，孔道bound [baund]a.必定的；受约束的，有义务的；准备到...去的，开往...的vi.跳跃，跳跃着前进；跳回，反弹vt. 成为...的界限，给...划界限n. 分界线，边界；界限，范围boundary ['baundəri]当局available [ə'veiləbl]a.现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的；可以见到的，随时可来的award [ə'wɔ:d]vt.颁奖，授予n.奖，奖品burst [bə:st]v.使爆炸；(in,out)突然发生；(芽、蕾等)绽开n.爆炸；裂口，决口by-business ['bai`biznis]n.副业，兼职by-law ['bailɔ:]n.公司章程；细则，附则byproduct ['bai`prɔdəkt]n.副产品Ccabinet ['kæbinit]n.橱柜；政府内阁campaign [kæm'pein]n.战役；运动vi.参加运动，参加竞选candidate ['kændideit]n.报考者；候选人capture ['kæptʃə]vt.捉拿；俘获；夺取n.俘获，俘虏；战利品，俘虏物casual ['kæʒjuəl]a.偶然的；随便的；临时的，不定期的；不经意的，随便的caution ['kɔ:ʃən]n.小心，谨慎；警告，告诫；注意事项v.警告，劝某人小心；告诫cease [si:s]v.停止，结束cement [si'ment]n.水泥；胶粘剂vt.粘接；巩固centigrade ['sentigreid]n./a.摄氏温度(的)；百分度的characteristic [`kæriktə'ristik]a.特有的，典型的n.特征，特性charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]v.索价；控告；充电n.费用；指控；充电，电荷charming ['tʃɑ:miŋ]a.可爱的，迷人的chase [tʃeis]vt./n.追猎，追赶chilly ['tʃili]a.寒冷的chore [tʃɔ:] n.分界线；边界bribe [braib]v.贿赂，向...行贿n. 贿赂，行贿bride [braid]n.新娘bureau ['bjuərəu] n.(机构的)局，部，办事处coarse [kɔ:s]a.粗糙的；粗俗的collapse [kə'læps]v./n.倒塌；崩溃；(价格)暴跌；倒闭，破产collective [kə'lektiv]a.集体的；共同的n.集体，团体commission [kə'miʃən]n.委任状；授权，委托；佣金，回扣；委员会vt.委托，委任commit [kə'mit]vt.犯(错、罪)；(oneself)使承担义务；(to)把...交托给，把...提交给committee [kə'miti]n.委员会，全体委员commodity [kə'mɔditi]n.日用品；商品community [kə'mju:niti]n.社区，社会；团体，共同体；(动植物的)群落compel [kəm'pel]vt.强迫compensate ['kɔmpenseit]v.(损坏)赔偿，补偿；抵消complaint [kəm'pleint]n.抱怨，诉苦；申诉；疾病complex ['kɔmpleks]a.复杂的，难懂的；综合的n.综合企业，综合体；情节complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]a.复杂的，难懂的其compose [kəm'pəuz]v.由...组成；写作，作曲；使平静，使镇静compound ['kɔmpaund]a.复合的；合成的n.化合物；复合词(句) vt.使恶化，加重；使化合，使合成comprehensive [`kɔmpri'hensiv]a.综合的，广泛的；有理解力的，理解的compress [kəm'pres]vt.压缩，浓缩；摘要叙述compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz]n./vi.妥协，折衷vt.危及，放弃(原则，理想等) conceal [kən'si:l]v.隐藏，隐瞒；对...保密n.(pl.)家庭杂务circulate ['sə:kjuleit]v.循环；流通；流传civilization [`sivilai'zeiʃən]n.文明，文化；开化client ['klaiənt]n.委托人；顾客clue [klu:]n.线索；思路；暗示conflict ['kɔnflikt, kən'flikt]n.抵触；争执；冲突vi.冲突，抵触confront [kən'frʌnt]v.迎面遇到，遭遇；勇敢地面对，正视；使对质，使当面对证confuse [kən'fju:z]vt.搞乱，使混乱；使困惑，把...弄胡涂；混淆，把...混同congress ['kɔŋgres]n.(代表)大会，正式会议；国会conscience ['kɔnʃəns]n.良心conscious ['kɔnʃəs]a.有意识的；头脑清醒的；自觉的consent [kən'sent]vi./n.同意；答应consequence ['kɔnsikwəns]n.后果，影响；重要性conservative [kən'sə:vətiv]a.保守的n.保守的人；保守派considerate [kən'sidərit]a.考虑周到的；体谅的consolidation [kən`sɔli'deiʃən]n.企业合并constant ['kɔnstənt]a.始终如一的；经常的；不变的，固定的n.常数，恒量constitution [`kɔnsti'tju:ʃən]n.宪法；体质；构成consult [kən'sʌlt]vt.商量；请教，找...商议；参考(地图)，查看(词典) contemporary [kən'tempərəri]a.当代的；同时代的n.同时代人，同辈contract ['kɔntrækt, kən'trækt]n.合同，契约；包工v.订合同；缩短，缩写contradiction [`kɔntrə'dikʃən]n.矛盾；反驳convention [kən'venʃən]n.公约；习俗；大会condemn [kən'dem]vt.谴责；宣判condense [kən'dens]v.凝结；压缩；精简conduct ['kɔndəkt, kən'dʌkt]n.举止，行为v.处理；引导；导电，传热confess [kən'fes]v.承认，坦白；忏悔confirm [kən'fə:m] vt.证实，批准；使更坚固counter ['kauntə]n.计算器；柜台a./ad.相反的v.对抗，反驳counterfeit ['kauntəfit]v./n.伪造，假冒n.假货，伪造品critical ['kritikəl]a.决定性的，关键性的；批评的，批判的；危急的，紧要的cruel ['kruəl]a.残酷的，残忍的cultivate ['kʌltiveit]vt.耕作；栽培；培养cunning ['kʌniŋ]a.狡猾的，狡诈的curb [kə:b]n.场外证券市场，场外交易vt.制止，抑制cure [kjuə]vt.纠正；治愈n.治愈；疗法，良药currency ['kʌrənsi]n.货币；通用，流通Cdash [dæʃ]v.猛冲，飞奔；浇，泼，溅n.猛冲，突进；破折号dealer ['di:lə]n.买卖人，商人；经销商，证券商debate [di'beit]n./v.讨论；辩论deceive [di'si:v]v.欺骗，蒙骗decent ['di:snt]a.正派的；体面的，得体的；宽厚的，大方的deduct [di'dʌkt]v.扣除；减去default [di'fɔ:lt]n.不负责；缺席；拖欠v.不履行，不负责任；缺席，不到案；拖欠债务defects [di'fekt]n.不合格品deficit ['defisit]n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差conventional [kən'venʃənl]a.惯例的，常规的；传统的，规范的convert [kən'və:t]vt.使转变，使转化；使...改变信仰convey [kən'vei]vt.搬运，运送(旅客、货物等)；传达(消息，思想等)；传播(声音等)convince [kən'vins]vt.使信服，使确信cope [kəup]vi.对付；妥善处理costly ['kɔstli] a.昂贵的；代价高的demonstrate ['demənstreit]v.证明；演示；示威游行；现实，表露dense [dens]a.密的，密集的；密度大的deposit [di'pɔzit]vt.使沉淀，使沉积；存放，寄放；储蓄n.存款；押金；沉淀depreciation [di`pri:ʃi'eiʃən]n.折旧；价值下降deprive [di'praiv]vi.剥夺，使丧失derive [di'raiv]v.从...得到；源自desert ['dezət]n.沙漠vt.遗弃；擅自离开deserve [di'zə:v]vt.应受；值得design [di'zain]v.设计，构思；预定，指定n.设计(图样)，构思；图谋，企图；图样，图案desirable [di'zaiərəbəl]a.值得拥有的，值得向的；有利的，可取的desperate ['despərit]a.(因绝望而)不顾一切的，孤注一掷的；绝望的，危急的；极向往的，极需要的destruction [dis'trʌkʃən]n.破坏；消灭devalue [di:'vælju:]n.贬值digest [di'dʒest,'daidʒest]vt.消化(食物)；领会n.文摘，摘要diligent ['dilidʒənt]a.勤奋的，用功的discharge [dis'tʃ:dʒ]vt.允许...离开，释放，解雇；放出，排出，发射；释放；卸(货)，下(车) n.放出；排出；放出，放电；卸delegation [`deli'geiʃən]n.代表团delicate ['delikit]a.娇嫩的；精细的；微妙的；易碎的，脆弱的delight [di'lait]v.使欣喜，使高兴n.快乐，高兴；使人高兴的东西(人) deliver [di'livə]vt.投递，送交；发表；分娩；给予(打击等)；解救，拯救democracy [di'mɔkrəsi]n.民主政治，民主主义的；民主国家；民主，民主制draft [drɑ:ft]n.草稿；汇票；征兵，服役；通风，气流vt.起草，草拟；征募dread [dred]n./v.害怕，恐惧due [dju:]a.预定的；应给的，应得的；到期的；应有的dumb [dʌm]a.哑的；沉默的dump [dʌmp]vt.倾倒；倾销n.垃圾堆durable ['djuərəbl]a.持久的，耐久的duration [djuə'reiʃən]n.持久；持续时间earnings ['ə:niŋz]n.(常pl.)收入，收益；利润earnest ['ə:nist]a.诚挚的，认真的，热心的efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]n.效率；功效elementary [`eli'mentəri]a.基本的；初级的，初等的elevator ['eliveitə]n.电梯；升降机eliminate [i'limineit]vt.消灭，消除；淘汰embezzle [im'bezəl]vt.贪污，盗用；挪用(公款、公物等)emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi.出现；显露，产生emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi]n.紧急情况，突然事件emit [i'mit]vt.发出，放射enclosure [in'kləuʒə](货)，下(客)discipline ['disiplin]n.训练，训导；纪律，风纪；学科；惩罚，处分vt.训练，训导；惩罚，处罚disclose [dis'kləuz]vt.使显露；揭发，泄漏disguise [dis'gaiz]vt.化妆，假扮；隐瞒，掩饰；伪装n.伪装，隐瞒；用来伪装的东西(行动)dismiss [dis'mis]vt.免职，解雇；解散；不考虑；驳回，不受理dispute [dis'pju:t]v.争论，辩论n.争论，辩驳；争端dividend ['dividend]n.红利，股息；(pl.)回报，效益；被除数enthusiasm [in'θju:ziæzəm]n.热情，热心；巨大兴趣，热衷的事物entitle [in'taitl]vt.给...权利；给...定名envy ['envi]n.嫉妒，羡慕；嫉妒的对象，羡慕的目标vt.(at,of)嫉妒，羡慕equality [i(:)'kwɔliti]n.同等，平等escape [i'skeip]vt./vi.逃跑；逃避；(液体等)泄漏，溢出n.逃跑evasion [i'veiʒən]n.逃避；偷漏(税)eventually [i'ventʃuəli]ad.终于，最后exceed [ik'si:d]vt.超过，胜过exclaim [iks'kleim]v.大声说，呼喊，惊叫exclude [iks'klu:d]vt.把...除外，不包括execute ['eksikju:t]vt.执行；处决executive [ig'zekjutiv]a.执行的，行政的n.执行者，行政官；总经理，董事exemption [ig'zempʃən]n.豁免，免税额exhaust [ig'zɔ:st]n.排气装置；废气vt.耗尽；使精疲力竭；详尽论述exhibit [ig'zibit]vt.展览，陈列；显示，显出n.展品expand [iks'pænd]vt./vi.扩大；扩张；膨胀n.附件(随函)；围墙，围栏encounter [in'kauntə]vt.遭遇到，遇上n.遭遇，遇到endure [in'djuə]v.忍耐，忍受；持续；持续enforce [in'fɔ:s]vt.实施，实行；强制执行engage [in'geidʒ]v.使从事；聘用；订婚enormous [i'nɔ:məs]a.巨大的，庞大的enterprise ['entəpraiz]n.事业心；企业，单位，公司；事业，计划entertain [`entə'tein]v.款待；娱乐extensive [iks'tensiv]a.广泛的，广博的；广阔的extent [iks'tent]n.程度，范围；广度，宽度，大小external [eks'tə:nl]a.外面的，外部的，外表的facility [fə'siliti]n.(pl.)设施(备)；便利，容易，方便faint [feint]a.模糊的，不清楚的；虚弱的，无力的；眩晕的vi.发晕，昏倒n.昏厥faithful ['feiθfəl]a.忠诚的，忠实的；如实的，可靠的；尽职的，责任心强的fake [feik]n.伪造品vt.伪造，假冒a.假的，伪造的，冒充的familiar [fə'miljə]a.熟悉的，通晓的；随便的，不拘礼仪的；冒昧的，放肆的famine ['fæmin]n.饥荒fare [feə]n.车(船)费v.过日子，进展fashion ['fæʃən]n.时髦，流行式样；方式fasten ['fɑ:sn]v.结牢，拴住；使固定fatal ['feitl]a.致命的，毁灭性的；重大的，决定性的fatigue [fə'ti:g]n.疲乏，劳累vt./vi.(使)疲劳faulty ['fɔ:lti]a.有错误的，有缺点的expenditure [iks'penditʃə]n.支出，开支；支出额，花费，费用expire [iks'paiə]v.满期，终止；去世，断气explode [iks'pləud]v.爆炸，爆发；激增，迅速扩大exploit ['iksplɔit]vt.剥削；利用；开发n.(pl.)业绩，功绩explore [iks'plɔ:]vt.勘探，探测；探察，探索explosive [iks'pləusiv]a.爆炸性的，易爆炸的；极易引起争论的n.炸药，爆炸物expose [iks'pəuz]vt.使暴露；(to)使处于...作用之下；揭露extend [iks'tend]vt.延长，延伸；扩大；给予vi.伸展，扩大，(在范围或应用上)达到，延续fierce [fiəs]a.凶猛的，残忍的；狂热地，极度的；猛烈的，强烈的figure ['figə]n.数字；轮廓；人物；图表；(pl.)算术，计算v.想出，领会到finance ['fainæns,fi'næns]n.财政(学)，金融；(常pl.)财源，资金，财务情况vt./vi.资助，为...提供资金fiscal ['fiskəl]a.国库的；财政的；金融的；会计的flame [fleim]n.火焰，火苗flash [flæʃ]v.闪烁；闪现；掠过n.闪光，闪烁；闪光灯flat [flæt]n.公寓住宅；一套房间a.平坦的；扁平的，挺直的；单调的，乏味的；价格固定的，收费统一的ad.平直的；直截了当的，断然地flexible ['fleksəbl]a.易弯曲的；灵活的flock [flɔk]n.一群(飞禽、牲畜)；众多vi.群集，成群flourish ['flʌriʃ]v.繁荣；兴旺fluctuation [`flʌktju'eiʃən]n.波动；(价格)涨落fluent ['flu(:)ənt]a.流利的，流畅的focus ['fəukəs] feasible ['fi:zibl]a.可行的feast [fi:st]n.节日；宴会v.设宴，参加宴会feature ['fi:tʃə]n.特征，特色；(pl.)容貌；特写，专题节目；故事片vt./vi.突出，由...主演；其重要作用，作为主要角色federal ['fedərəl]a.联邦的fee [fi:]n.费用；酬金；学费feedback ['fi:dbæk]n.反馈fertile ['fə:tail]a.肥沃的，富饶的，多产的；(想象力或创造力)丰富的fertilizer ['fə:tilaizə]n.肥料frequency ['fri:kwənsi]n.频率；频繁fresh [freʃ]a.新的，新鲜的；新颖的；(水)淡的frighten ['fraitn]vt.吓唬；使惊恐frugal ['fru:gəl]a.节约的，俭朴的fulfil [ful'fil]vt.(=fulfill)履行，实现；满足，使满意function ['fʌŋkʃən]n.功能；重大聚会(宴会)；函数，随他物变化而变化的事物vi.起作用，运行fundamental [`fʌndə'mentl]a.基本的，根本的n.基本原理(原则)furious ['fjuəriəs]a.狂怒的，猛烈的；强烈的，激烈的gaze [geiz]vi./n.凝视，盯，注视generate ['dʒenəreit]vt.发生，产生；导致，引起genuine ['dʒenjuin]a.真正的，真实的；真诚的gloomy ['glu:mi]a.阴沉的；忧郁的；令人失望的glorious ['glɔ:riəs]a.光荣的；辉煌的；令人愉快地，极好的glue [glu:]n.胶水，胶vt.胶合governor ['gʌvənə]v.聚焦；集中于n.焦点；中心fold [fəuld]v.折叠，折起n.折页；折痕forbid [fə'bid]vt.禁止；不许；阻止forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st]vt./n.预测，预报foremost ['fɔ:məust]a.最初的，最前的forfeit ['fɔ:fit]n.罚金，罚款forgive [fə'giv]v.原谅，宽恕former ['fɔ:mə]a.以前的；在前的n.前者fortunate ['fɔ:tʃənit]a.幸运的，侥幸的frame [freim]n.框架；构架vt.给...装框子；陷害，诬告；制定，表达freeze [fri:z] v.结冰，冻结n.冻结；冰冻期grip [grip]vt./vi.紧握，抓紧；吸引住..的注意n.紧握，抓牢；控制，掌握gross [grəus]a.总的；毛重的；严重的，显著的；粗俗的，粗野的；臃肿的n.总额vt.获得...的总收入gymnasium [dʒim'neizjəm]n.(缩gym)体育馆，健身房haggle ['hægl]vi.讨价还价；争论不休halt [hɔ:lt]v./n.停止；止步handful [hændful]n.一把；少数，一小撮handle ['hændl]n.柄，把手，拉手vt.触，摸；操纵；处理，应付，对待handy ['hændi]a.手边的；近便的，方便的；手巧的harmony ['hɑ:məni]n.和谐，融洽；调和haste [heist]n.匆忙，急速，仓促vi./vt.赶快，匆忙hatred ['heitrid]n.敌意，憎恨，仇恨hazard ['hæzəd]n.危险；冒险vt.冒...的风险；尝试着做(提出) n.总督，省长，美国州长；主管人员，理事，董事grace ['greis]n.优雅，优美；宽限；(pl.)风度，魅力vt.使优美，给...增光graceful ['greisfəl]a.优美的，优雅的grant [grɑ:nt]vt.同意，准许；授予n.授予物grasp [grɑ:sp]v./n.抓住；理解，掌握grateful ['greitful]a.感激的；感谢的gratitude ['grætitju:d]n.感激，感谢grave [greiv]a.严肃的，庄重的；严重的n.坟墓gravity ['græviti]n.重力，地心引力；庄重；严肃greedy ['gri:di]a.贪吃的，贪婪的；渴望的grieve [gri:v] vt.使悲伤，使伤心hyperinflation [`haipə(:)rin'fleiʃən]n.恶性通货膨胀ideal [ai'diəl]n.理想；理想的东西a.理想的，完美的；想象的，空想的；唯心的identify [ai'dentifai]vt.认出，鉴定；认为...等同于，认为...一致idle ['aidl]a.闲置的；懒散的；无用的，无效的vi.懒散；虚度ignorant ['ignərənt]a.愚昧的，无知的；不知道的illicit [i'lisit]a.非法的，禁止的illiterate [i'litərit]n./a.文盲(的)illustrate ['iləstreit]vt.说明；图解，例解immense [i'mens]a.巨大的，广大的immigrant ['imigrənt]n.移民，侨民a.(从国外)移来的，移民的immunity [i'mju:niti]n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权impatient [im'peiʃənt]a.急躁的，不耐烦的；热切的，急切的implication [`impli'keiʃən]n.含意，暗示headquarters ['hed`kwɔ:təz]n.司令部，指挥部；总部heal [hi:l]vt./vi.治愈，愈合，恢复健康；调停，消除分歧等heap [hi:p]n.(一)堆；许多vt.堆，堆起heighten ['haitn]v.加高，提高hesitate ['heziteit]vi.犹豫，迟疑；不情愿；含糊，支吾hinder ['hində]v.阻止，妨碍hint [hint]n.暗示，提示；细微的迹象；建议vt.暗示，示意homesick ['həumsik]a.想家的horizontal [`hɔri'zɔntl]a.横的，水平的hospitality [`hɔspi'tæliti]n.好客；殷勤hostile ['hɔstail]a.敌方的；敌意的，敌对的humble ['hʌmbl]a.谦卑的；地位或职务低下的；简陋的，低劣的vt.降低，贬抑；使卑下inevitable [in'evitəbl]a.不可避免的，必然发生的infant ['infənt]n.婴儿，幼儿a.婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的infer [in'fə:]vt.推论，推理inferior [in'fiəriə]a.次的，低劣的；下级的n.下级，下属inflate [in'fleit]vt.使通货膨胀，使物价上涨influential [`influ'enʃəl]a.有影响的；有势力的inhabitant [in'hæbitənt]n.居民，住户initial [i'niʃəl]a.最初的，开始的n.首字母injection [in'dʒekʃən]n.注射，打针，注入；注射剂injury ['indʒəri]n.损害，伤害；受伤处innocent ['inəsnt]a.无辜的，无罪的；天真的；无害的，没有恶意的innovation [`inəu'veiʃən]n.革新；新概念，新方法impose [im'pəuz]vt.强加；使负担；征税impress [im'pres]vt.使铭记；盖印，压印impressive [im'presiv]a.感人的，给人以深刻印象的incentive [in'sentiv]n.奖励，刺激，诱因incident ['insidənt]n.发生的事；事变independent [`indi'pendənt]a.独立的，自主的；无偏见的，中立的；不关联的，无关的indicate ['indikeit]vt.指出，表示；表明indignant [in'dignənt]a.愤慨的，愤愤不平的indispensable [`indis'pensəbl]a.不可缺少的，必需的indulgence [in'dɔldʒəns]n.付款延期industrious [in'dəstriəs]a.勤劳的，勤奋的inefficient [`ini'fiʃənt]a.效率低的insult [in'sʌlt]vt./n.侮辱，凌辱insure [in'ʃuə]vt.保证；给...保险integrate ['intigreit]v.成为一体，使合并；求...的积分intellectual [`inti'lektʃuəl]n.知识分子a.智力的intend [in'tend]vt.打算，意欲；打算使...成为，想让...做intense [in'tens]a.强烈；热烈的intensive [in'tensiv]a.加强的，深入细致的；集中的intention [in'tenʃən]n.意图，意向，目的interaction [`intər'ækʃən]n.相互作用，相互影响；干扰interfere [`intə'fiə]vi.干涉，干扰；妨碍intermediary [`intə'mi:diəri]n.中间商，中间人a.中间的intermediate [`intə'mi:diət]a.中间的；居中的；中级的n.中间物，媒介物input ['input]n.输入，投入；输入物vt.输入inquire [in'kwaiə]vt.(=enquire)询问，打听inscribing [in'skraibiŋ]n.注册；买或卖股票；登记insert [in'sə:t]vt.插入，嵌入insist [in'sist]v.坚持；坚决主张inspect [in'spekt]vt.视察；检查inspire [in'spaiə]v.鼓励，鼓舞；使产生灵感installment [in'stɔ:lmənt]n.分期付款；分期收款install [in'stɔ:l]vt.(=instal)安装，设置；使就职，任命instinct ['instiŋkt]n.本能，直觉；天性institute ['institju:t]n.协会，学会；学院；研究所vt.设立，设置，建立instruct [in'strʌkt]vt.教，教授；指导，指示；通知instrument ['instrumənt]n.仪器；工具；乐器insufficient [`insə'fiʃənt]a.不足的，不够的jam [dʒæm]v.压紧，被夹住；堵塞，拥挤；卡住不动；挤人n.果酱；阻塞，拥挤；卡住jealous ['dʒeləs]a.妒忌的，嫉妒的；羡慕的；猜疑的；精心守护的joint [dʒɔint]n.连接处；关节a.共有的；联合的；合资的journalist ['dʒə:nəlist]n.记者，新闻工作者junk [dʒʌŋk]n.无用，无价值的东西，废物；(中国的)帆船vt.丢弃，废弃junior ['dʒu:niə]a.年少的；后进的，下级的；(年级、职位等)较低的；(美国四年制大学)三年级的n.年少者，晚辈；下级；三年级学生justice ['dʒʌstis]n.正义，公正；司法justify ['dʒʌstifai]vt.认为有理；证明正当keen [ki:n] internal [in'tə:nl]a.内部的；国内的；内心的interpret [in'tə:prit]v.解释，说明；口译interrupt [`intə'rʌpt]v.中断，打断；阻碍；打岔，插嘴interval ['intəvəl]n.间隔；间歇；(工间、课间)休息interview ['intəvju:]n.接见；面试；访问vt.接见，会见，访问；面试invade [in'veid]vt.侵占；侵略；侵犯invalid [in'vælid]a.病弱的，有病的；供病人用的；无效的，失效的，作废的n.病人，伤病员inventory ['invəntəri]n.存货清单；商品清单invest [in'vest]v.投资；投入(时间精力等)；授予，赋予investigate [in'vestigeit]vt.调查，调查研究invisible [in'vizəbl]a.看不见的，无形的involve [in'vɔlv]vt.卷入，陷入；连累；包括isolate ['aisəleit]vt.孤立，隔离leisure ['leʒə]n.空闲；悠闲，安逸lessen ['lesn]v.减少；减轻；贬低lest [lest]conj.唯恐；以免liable ['laiəbl]a.易于...的，有...倾向的；有义务的，有法律责任的；可能的，大概的liberal ['libərəl]a.大方的，宽容的；自由的，思想开明的；自由主义的license ['laisəns]n.(=licence)许可证；执照v.准许，认可likely ['laikli]a.可能的，有希望的；适合的ad.很可能likewise ['laikwaiz]ad.同样地，照样地；又，也，而且limb [lim]n.肢，臂，腿；树枝link [liŋk]a.锐利的；敏锐的；热心的；激烈的，强烈的kneel [ni:l]vi.跪着，下跪lag [læg]vi.落后，走得太慢n.滞后，时间上的间隔launch [lɔ:ntʃ]v.使(船)下水；发射；发动，开展；使开始从事n.发射，下水，新产品投产layoff ['lei'ɔ:f]n.临时解雇；关闭；停歇layout ['leiaut]n.布局；设计league [li:g]n.联盟；社团leak [li:k]v.渗漏；泄漏n.漏洞lean [li:n]v.倾斜；依靠，靠在...上a.瘦的，无脂肪的leap [li:p]vi.跳，跃；飞跃，跃进；急速行动，冲n.跳，跳跃；激增，突变leasehold ['li:shəuld]n.租赁，租约；租赁权；租赁期a.租(来)的leave [li:v]v.离开；留下；遗忘，丢下；听任；交给n.同意，许可；假期，准假legal ['li:gəl]a.合法的；正当的legend ['ledʒənd]n.传说，传奇；传奇人物manipulate [mə'nipjuleit]vt.操作，使用(机器等)操纵(人或市价，市场等)，控制，影响manner ['mænə]n.方式，方法；态度，举止；风度，礼貌，规矩manual ['mænjuəl]a.手工的，体力的n.手册，指南manufacture [`mænju'fæktʃə]vt.(大量)制造，加工n.制造，制造业；产品margin ['mɑ:dʒin]n.页边空白，边缘；余地；价差，利润marine [mə'ri:n]a.海的，海上的；航海的；海上的，海事的；海军的n.海军陆战队士兵marvelous ['mɑ:viləs]a.(=marvellous)奇迹般的，了不起的；妙极的mask [mɑ:sk]n.面具，口罩，防护面具；假面具，伪装vt.用面具n.环，链环；联系，连接vt.连接，联系load [ləud]n.负载，负担v.装载；装满，使负担local ['ləukəl]a.地方的，本地的；局部的n.当地人，本地人locate [ləu'keit]vt.找到...位置，使...坐落于；把...设置在loss [lɔs]n.丧失；损失；亏损；输loyalty ['lɔiəlti]n.忠诚，忠心luggage ['lʌgidʒ]n.行李luxurious [lʌg'zjuəriəs]a.奢侈的，豪华的luxury ['lʌkʃəri]n.豪华，奢侈，奢华；奢侈品macroeconomics [`mækrəu`i:kə'nɔmiks]n.宏观经济学magic ['mædʒik]n.魔术；魔法a.魔术的；有魔力的magnetic [mæg'netik]a.有磁性的；有吸引力的magnificent [mæg'nifisnt]a.壮丽的，宏伟的；华丽的，豪华的；极好的maintenance ['meintinəns]n.保持；维修，保养；抚养费majority [mə'dʒɔriti]n.大多数；过半数merchant ['mə:tʃənt]n.商人mercy ['mə:si]n.怜悯，宽恕，仁慈；恩惠，幸运merge [mə:dʒ]v.合并；吞没，消失；结合，使合为一体mess [mes]n.混乱，杂乱，脏乱；麻烦；肮脏的人(东西) vt./vi.弄脏，弄乱microscope ['maikrəskəup]n.显微镜mild [maild]a.温暖的，暖和的；温和的，和善的，柔和的；轻微的，不严重的military ['militəri]a.军事的，军用的minimum ['miniməm]n.最小量，最小限度a.最小的，最低的遮住，遮盖；掩饰，掩盖mass [mæs]n.团，堆；大量；质量；(pl.)群众，大众masterpiece ['mɑ:stəpi:s]n.名著，杰作matter ['mætə]n.物质，物体；事情，问题，情况；麻烦事，毛病vt.有关系，要紧mature [mə'tjuə]a.成熟的；成年人的；考虑周到的；到期的v.成熟maximum ['mæksiməm]n.最大限度a.最大的，最高的means [mi:nz]n.方法，方式，手段；金钱，财产meantime ['mi:n'taim]n.其时，其间ad.当时，与此同时meanwhile ['mi:n(h)'wail]ad.当时，与此同时measure ['meʒə]n.尺寸；量具，计量；度量，测量；措施，办法vt./vi.测量，计量；度量；有...长(宽、高等)mechanic [mi'kænik]n.技工，机械工；力学，机械学mediator ['mi:dieitə]n.调解人；中介人medium ['mi:diəm]n.中间；媒介；方法，手段；渠道；居中，适中；新闻媒介 a.中间的memorial [mi'mɔ:riəl]a.纪念的，追悼的n.纪念碑(堂)，纪念仪式mend [mend]vt.修理，修补；缝补；改正，改进merchandise ['mə:tʃəndaiz]n.商品，货物motive ['məutiv]a.发动的，运动的n.动机，目的，动因mount [maunt]v.登上，爬上，骑上；安装n.山，峰；支架，底座，底板mourn [mɔ:n]v.哀痛，哀悼；对...感到痛心multinational [mʌlti'næʃənl]a.多国的；跨国的n.跨国公司multiple ['mʌltipl]a.多样的，多重的，多倍的n.倍数multiples ['mʌltipləz]n.跨国公司multiply ['mʌltiplai]v.使相乘；增加；繁殖minor ['mainə]a.较小(少)的；次要的n.辅修学科v.辅修minute ['minit,mai'nju:t]n.分钟；片刻；会议记录a.微细的，微小的；详细的miracle ['mirəkl]n.奇迹；奇事；令人惊奇的人、事miserable ['mizərəbl]a.悲惨的，痛苦的；令人难受的(痛苦的) misfortune [mis'fɔ:tʃən]n.不幸，灾难；厄运，逆境mission ['miʃən]n.使团；使命，任务mobile ['məubail]a.活动的；机动的，流动的；多变的，易变的n.移动电话mode [məud]n.方式，样式modest ['mɔdist]a.谦逊的，谦虚的；适中的，适度的；害羞的modify ['mɔdifai]vt.更改，修改；修饰moist [mɔist]a.潮湿的monitor ['mɔnitə]n.班长；监视(听)器；显示器v.监视，监听；监控；检测monopoly [mə'nɔpəli]n.垄断；专卖，独家经营；垄断商品，专卖商品mood [mu:d]n.心境，情绪；语气(语法)moral ['mɔrəl]a.道德上的；有道德的n.寓意；道德，品行mortgage ['mɔ:gidʒ]n.抵押；抵押契据vt.抵押(借款) odd [ɔd]a.奇数的；单个的；零头的；古怪的；临时的n.可能性，机会offend [ə'fend]v.得罪；使厌恶；违反，违犯omit [əu'mit]vt.省略，删去；遗漏；忽略operation [`ɔpə'reiʃən]n.操作，运转；手术；军事行动，活动；数学运算opponent [ə'pəunənt]n.对手，敌手；反对者a.对立的，对抗的oppose [ə'pəuz]v.反抗，反对opposite ['ɔpəzit]a.相反的；对面的n.相反的事物，对立面prep.在...murder ['mə:də]n./v.谋杀，凶杀mutual ['mju:tʃuəl]a.相互的；共同的mysterious [mi'stiəriəs]a.神秘的；可疑的nationality [`næʃə'næliti]n.国籍；民族necessity [ni'sesiti]n.必需，急需；(pl.)必需品negative ['negətiv]a.否定的；消极的；负的，阴性的n.负数；底片neutral ['nju:trəl]a.中立的；中性的nonsense ['nɔnsəns]n.胡说，废话；冒失的行动，胡闹nuisance ['nju:sns]n.讨厌的人或事，麻烦事numerous ['nju:mərəs]许多的，众多的object ['ɔbdʒikt]n.物体；对象；目标；宾语vi.反对，拒绝objective [ɔb'dʒektiv]a.客观的；兵格的n.目标，任务oblige [ə'blaidʒ]vt.迫使，责成；施恩于observe [əb'zə:v]v.观察；遵守，奉行；评述obstacle ['ɔbstəkl]n.障碍，障碍物obtain [əb'tein]v.获得，得到occasion [ə'keiʒən]n.场合；时机；重大活动；起因，理由vt.引起occasional [ə'keiʒənəl]a.偶然的，不时的occupy ['ɔkjupai]vt.占领，占有；使忙碌overhead ['əuvə`hed]a./ad.在头顶上n.经常费用，管理费用overhear [`əuvə'hiə]vt.从旁听到，偶然听到overlook [`əuvə'luk]vt.俯视；没注意到；宽容overnight [`əuvə'nait]ad.一夜间；突然地a.一整夜的；突然的，似乎一夜之间出现的overseas [`əuvə'si:z]ad.在海外，在国外a.海外的，国外的overtake [`əuvə'teik] 的对面oppress [ə'pres]vt.压迫，压制；使心情沉重，使烦恼optimistic [`ɔpti'mistik]a.乐观的option ['ɔpʃən]n.选择权；选择；供选择的事物(人)，选课organ ['ɔ:gən]n.器官；机构；风琴；新闻媒介，宣传工具origin ['ɔridʒin]n.起源，由来；血统ornament ['ɔ:nəmənt]n.点缀品，装饰品；点缀，装饰vt.装饰，点缀，美化otherwise ['ʌ0əwaiz]ad.以另外方式；在其他方面conj.否则，不然outcome ['autkʌm]n.结果，结局outline ['autlain]n.提纲，概要；轮廓vt.概括，概述；描...外形，描...轮廓output ['autput]n.产量，生产额；输出功率vt.输出(信息/数据等) outskirts ['autskə:ts]n.郊区，边界outstanding [aut'stændiŋ]a.杰出的；突出的，显著的；未解决的，未偿还的overall ['əuvərɔ:l]a.总体的；全面的，全部的n.工装裤，工作服ad.总的来说overcome [`əuvə'kʌm]vt.战胜，克服；压倒，使受不了overdraw [`əuvə'drɔ:]vt.透支，超支overdue [`əuvə'dju:]a.过期的；过期未付的peculate ['pekjuleit]vt.挪用公款；盗用；贪污peculiar [pi'kju:ljə]a.独特的；奇怪的，异常的peep [pi:p]vi.偷看，窥视penalty ['penlti]n.惩罚；罚金penetrate ['penitreit]v.穿透；渗入；了解，洞察；刺入，刺穿pension ['penʃən]n.养老金；抚恤金vt.发给...养老金vt.追上，赶上，超过；袭击；(暴风雨/麻烦等)突然降临pace [peis]n.步子；速度；节奏v.踱步pack [pæk]v.包装；挤满n.包；一群，一副paint [peint]v.上油漆；绘，画；描绘n.油漆；颜料palm [pɑ:m]n.手掌；棕榈vt.把...藏于手掌中panic ['pænik]n.恐慌，惊慌vt./vi.使恐慌，使惊慌失措parade [pə'reid]n.游行；检阅v.游行；列队行进paradise ['pærədais]n.天堂parallel ['pærəlel]a.平行的；类似的；并列的n.平行线；可相比的事物，相似处partial ['pɑ:ʃəl]a.部分的；局部的；偏心的participate [pɑ:'tisipeit]vi.参与，参加passage ['pæsidʒ]n.过道；(时间)流逝；(文章的)一节，一段；经过，通过passion ['pæʃən]n.激情，热情；酷爱；激怒，大怒passive ['pæsiv]a.被动的；消极的paste [peist]n.浆糊；面团vt.粘，贴pastime ['pɑ:staim]n.消遣，娱乐pat [pæt]vt./vi.轻拍；抚摩n.轻拍，抚摸patent ['peitənt, 'pætənt]n.专利(权)patron ['peitrən]n.资助人，赞助人；老顾客；主顾popularity [`pɔpju'læriti]n.普及，流行；名望portable ['pɔ:təbl]a.轻便的，手提式的portion ['pɔ:ʃən]n.部分，一份vt.把...分给，分配portrait ['pɔ:trit]n.肖像，画像positive ['pɔzətiv] perceive [pə'si:v]vi.察觉；认识到，意识到perform [pə'fɔ:m]v.做，履行；表演permanent ['pə:mənənt]a.永久的，持久的permission [pə'miʃən]n.允许，许可permit [pə'mit]v.允许，许可n.执照，许可证persist [pə'sist]vt.坚持，执意；持续personnel [`pə:sə'nel]n.(总称)人员，员工；人事部门perspective [pə'spektiv]n.透视画法，透视图；前景；看法，观点persuade [pə'sweid]vt.劝说，说服；使相信pessimistic [`pesi'mistik]a.悲观(主义)的phase [feiz]n.阶段，时期；方面；相，相位vt.分阶段实行(计划) phenomenon [fi'nɔminən]n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物physical ['fizikəl]a.身体的；物质的；物理学的plain [plein]a.平常的，简单的；易懂的；真诚的n.平原platform ['plætfɔ:m]n.平台，讲台；站台；(政党的)宣言，纲领plot [plɔt]n.小块地；阴谋；故事情节vt.密谋，策划；绘制...的平面图poisonous ['pɔiznəs]a.有毒的，有害的；恶毒的，刻毒的polish ['pɔliʃ]v.擦亮，磨光；修改，使优美n.擦光剂，上光蜡pollutant [pə'lu:tənt]n.污染物质press [pres]v.压，按，榨；逼迫n.新闻界，出版业；压榨机；压，按；印刷机prestige [pres'ti:ʒ]n.信誉，威望，声望previous ['pri:vjəs]a.先，前；先前的primarily ['praimərili]ad.首先；主要地。

MBA专业术语汇总中英文AAbility-to-pay principle 能力纳税原那么The idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burdenAbsolute advantage 绝对优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their productivityAggregate-demand curve 总需求曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at any price levelAggregate-supply curve 总供给曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at any levelAppreciation 升值An increase in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buyAutomatic stabilizers 自动稳固器Changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate actionAverage fixed cost 平均固定成本Fixed costs divided by the quantity of outputAverage revenue 平均收益Total revenue divided by the quantity soldAverage tax rate 平均税率Total taxes paid divided by total incomeAverage total cost 平均总成本Total cost divided by the quantity of outputAverage variable cost 平均可变成本Variables costs divided by the quantity of outputAccelerator 加速数the effect on GDP of the increase in investment that results from an increase in output. For instance, the greater output leads a firm to believe that the demand for its products will rise in the future; the resulting increase in investment leads to growth in output and still further increases in investment, accelerating the expansion of the economyAcquired endowments 后天禀赋resources a country builds for itself, like a network of roads or an educated populationAdaptive expectations 适应性预期expectations based on the extrapolation of events in the recent past into the futureaggregate expenditures schedule 总支出曲线a curve that traces out the relationship between expenditures--the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditures, and net exports--and the national income, at a fixed price levelantitrust laws 反托拉斯法laws that discourage monopoly and restrictive practices and encourage greater competitionarbitrage 套利the process by which assets with comparable risk, liquidity, and tax treatment are priced to yield comparable expected returnsadverse selection 逆向选择principle that says that those who most want to buy insurance tend to be those most at risk, but charging a high price for insurance (to cover the high risk)will discourage those at less risk from buying insurance at allasset 资产any item that is long-lived, purchased for the service it renders over its life and for what one will receive when one sells itassistance in kind 实物援助public assistance that provides particular goods and services, like food or medical care, rather than cashasymmetric information 信息不对称a situation in which the parties to a transaction have different information, as when the seller or a used car has more information about its quality then the buyerautonomous consumption 自主消费that part of consumption that does not depend on incomeaverage costs 平均成本the total costs divided by the total outputaverage productivity 平均产量total quantity divided by the total quantity of inputBBenefits principle 受益原那么The idea that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government servicesBond 债券A certificate of indebtednessBudget constraint 预算约束The limit on the consumption bundles that a consumer can affordBudget deficit 预算赤字An excess of government spending over government receiptsBudget surplus 预算盈余An excess of government receipts over government spendinbarriers to entry 进入障碍factors that prevent firms from entering a market, such as government rules or patentsbasic competitive model 差不多竞争模型the model of the economy that pulls together the assumptions of self-interested consumers, profit maximizing firms, and perfectly competitive marketsbequest savings motive 储蓄的遗产动机people save so that they can leave an inheritance to their childrenBertrand competition 伯特兰竞争an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committed to keeping their prices fixed and that customers can be lured away by offering lower pricesbilateral trade 双边贸易trade between two partiesboom 繁荣a period of time when resources are being fully used and GDP is growing steadilyCCapital 资本The equipment and structures used to produce goods and servicesCapital flight 资本外流A large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a countryCartel 卡特尔A group of firms acting in unisonCatch-up effect 追赶效应The property that countries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off richCentral bank 中央银行An institution designed to oversee the banking system and regulate the quantity of money in the economyCeteris paribus 其它条件相同A Latin phrase, translated as 'other things being equal,' used as a reminder that all variables other than the ones being studied are assumed to be constantCircular-flow diagram 循环流向图A visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firmsClassical dichotomy 古典二分法The theoretical separation of nominal and real variablesClosed economy 封闭经济An economy that does not interact with other economies in the worldCoase theorem 科斯定理The proposition that if private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources, they can solve the problem of externalities on their ownCollective bargaining 集体谈判The process by which unions and firms agree on the terms of employmentCollusion 勾结An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to chargeCommodity money 商品货币Money that takes the form of a commodity with intrinsic valueCommon resources 共有资源Goods that are rival but not excludableComparable worth 同工同酬A doctrine according to which jobs deemed comparable should be paid the same wageComparative advantage 比较优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their opportunity costCompensating wage differential 补偿性工资差别A difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteristics of different jobsCompetitive market 竞争市场A market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price takerComplements 互补品Two goods for which an increase in the price of one good leads to a decrease in the demand for the other goodConstant returns to scale 规模收益不变The property that long-run average total cost stays the same as the quantity of output changesConsumer price index 消费物价指数A measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumerConsumer surplus 消费者剩余A buyer's willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually paysConsumption 消费Spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housingCost 成本The value of everything a seller must give up to produce a goodCost-benefit analysis 成本—收益分析A study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public goodCrowding-out effect 挤出效应The offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spendingCurrency 通货The paper bills and coins in the hands of the publicCyclical unemployment 周期性失业The deviation of unemployment from its natural ratecapital gain 资本增值the increase in the value of an asset between the time it is purchased and the time it is soldcapital market 资本市场the market in which savings are made available to investorscategorical assistance 分类关心public assistance aimed at a particular category of people, like the elderly or the disabledcausation 因果关系relationship that results when an change in one variable is not only correlated with but actually causes the change in another onecentral planning 中央打算the system in which central government bureaucrats (as opposed to private entrepreneurs or even local government bureaucrats) determine what will be produced an how it will be producedcentralization 集权organizational structure in which decision making is concentrated at the topcentrally planned economy 中央打算经济an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are made by the central governmentcertificate of deposit (CD) 存单account in which money is deposited for a preset length of time, that must yield a slightly higher return to compensate for the reduced liquiditycircular flow 循环流程how funds move through the capital, labor, and product markets between households, firms, the government, and the foreign sectorclassical economists 古典经济学家economists prevalent before the Great Depression who believed that the basic competitive model provided a good description of the economy and that if short periods of unemployment did occur, market forces would quickly restore the economy to full employmentclassical unemployment 古典失业unemployment that results from too-high real wages; it occurs in the supply constrained equilibrium, so that rightwards shifts in aggregate supply reduce the level of unemploymentcompetitive equilibrium price 竞争性均衡价格the price at which the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded are equal to each otherconsumer protection legislation 消费者爱护法laws aimed at protecting consumers, for instance by assuring that consumers have more complete information about items they are considering buyingconsumer sovereignty 消费者权益the principle that holds that each individual is the best judge of what makes him better offconsumption function 消费函数the relationship between disposable income and consumptioncontingency clauses 应变条款statements within a contract that make the level of payment or the work to be performed conditional upon various factorscorporate income tax 公司所得税a tax based on the income, or profit, received by a corporationcorrelation 相关relationship that results when a change in one variable is consistently associated with a change in another onecost-push inflation 成本推动型通货膨胀inflation whose initial cause is a rise in production costsCournot competition 古诺竞争an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committed to a certain level of production and that rivals will reduce their prices as needed to sell that amountcredentials competition 文凭竞争the trend in which prospective workers acquire higher educational credentials, not so much because of anything they actually learn in the process but to convince potential employers to hire them by signaling that they will be more productive employees than those with weaker credentialscredit constraint effect 信贷约束效应when prices fall, firms' revenues also fall, but the money they owe creditors remains unchanged; as a result, firms have fewer funds of their own to invest. Because of credit rationing, firms cannot make up the difference; accordingly, investment decreasescredit rationing 信贷配给credit is rationed when no lender is willing to make a loan to a borrower or the amount lenders are willing to lend to borrowers is limited, even if the borrower is willing to pay more than other borrowers of comparable risk who are getting loanscross subsidization 交叉补贴the practice of charging higher prices to one group of consumers in order to subsidize lower prices for another groupDDeadweight loss 无谓缺失The reduction in total surplus that results from a taxDemand curve 需求曲线A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demandedDemand deposits 活期存款Balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a checkDemand schedule 需求表A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demandedDepreciation 贬值A decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buyDepression 萧条A severe recessionDiminishing marginal product 边际产量递减The property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increasesThe property that the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increasesDiminishing returns 收益递减The property that the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increasesDiscount rate 贴现率The interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banksDiscouraged workers 丧失信心的工人Individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a jobDiscrimination 鄙视The offering of different opportunities to similar individuals who differ only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personal characteristicsDiseconomies of scale 规模不经济The property that long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increasesDominant strategy 优势战略A strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other playersdebt 债务capital, such as bonds and bank loans, supplied to a firm by lenders; the firm promises to repay the amount borrowed with interestdecentralization 分权化organizational structure in which many individuals or subunits can make decisionsdecision tree 决策树a device for structured decision making that spells out the choices and possible consequences of alternative actionsdeficit spending 赤字支出the situation that exists when government expenditures are greater than revenuesdeflation 通货紧缩a persistent decrease in the general level of pricesdemand-constrained equilibrium 受需求约束的平稳the equilibrium that occurs when prices are stuck at a level above that at which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply at the current price leveldemand-pull inflation 需求拉动型通货膨胀inflation whose initial cause is aggregate demand exceeding aggregate supply at the current price leveldemographic effects 人口效应effects that arise from changes in characteristics of the population such as age, birthrates, and locationderegulation 放松管制the lifting of government regulations to allow the market to function more freelydevaluation 贬值a reduction in the rate of exchange between one currency and other currencies under a fixed exchange rate systemdeveloped countries 发达国家或工业化国家the wealthiest nations in the world, including Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealanddiminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减the principle that says that as an individual consumes more and more of a good, each successive unit increases her utility, or enjoyment, less and lessdividends 股息that portion of corporate profits paid out to shareholdersdownward rigidity of wages 工资下降刚性the situation that exists when wages do not fall quickly in response to a shift in the demand or supply curve for labor, resulting in an excess supply of labordual economy 二元经济the separation in many LDCs between an impoverished rural sector and an urban sector that has higher wages and more advanced technologyduopoly 双头垄断an industry with only two firmsdurable goods 耐用品goods that provide a service over a number of years, such as cars, major appliances, and furnituredynamic consistency 动态一致性a policy is said to have dynamic consistency when government announces a course ofaction and then has the incentives to actually carry out that policyEEconomics 经济学The study of how society manages its scarce resourcesEconomies of scale 规模经济The property that long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increasesEfficiency 效率The property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society; The property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resourcesEfficiency wages 效率工资Above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker productivityEfficient scale 有效规模The quantity of output that minimizes average total costElasticity 弹性A measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinantsEquilibrium 均衡A situation in which supply and demand have been brought into balanceEquilibrium price 均衡价格The price that balances supply and demandEquilibrium quantity 均衡数量The quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when the price has adjusted to balance supply and demandEquity 平等The fairness of the distribution of well-being among the various buyers and sellers; The property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of societyExcess demand 超额需求A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity suppliedExcess supply 超额供给A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demandedExcludability 排他性The property of a good that a person can be prevented from using itExports 出口Goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad; Goods produced domestically and sold abroadExternality 外部性The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystandereconomic rents 经济租金payments made to a factor that are in excess of what is required to elicit the supply of that factorefficiency wage theory 效率工资理论the theory that paying higher wages (up to a point) lowers total production costs, for instance by leading to a more productive labor forceeconomies of scope 范畴经济what exists when it is less expensive to produce two products together than it would be to produce each one separatelyefficient markets theory 有效市场理论the theory that all available information is reflected in the current price of an assetelasticity of labor supply 劳动供给弹性the percentage change in labor supplied resulting from a 1% change in wagesequity, shares, stock 股票terms that indicate part ownership of a firm, which the firm sells in order to raise money, or capitalequity capital 股份资本capital, such as shares (or stock), supplied to a firm by its owners(shareholders); the returns received by the owners are not guaranteed but depend on how well the firm doesexchange efficiency 交换的效率the condition in which whatever the economy produces is distributed among individuals in an efficient wayexchange rate 汇率the rate at which one currency (such as dollars) can be exchanged for another(such as marks, yen, or pounds)excise tax 物资税a tax on a particular good or serviceexpected return 预期收益the average return--a single number that combines the various possible returns per dollar invested with the chances that each of these returns will actually be paidexport-led growth 出口导向型增长the strategy that government should encourage exports in which the country has a comparative advantage to stimulate growthFFactors of production 生产要素The inputs used to produce goods and servicesFederal Reserve (Fed) 联邦储备The central bank of the United StatesFiat money 法定货币Money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decreeFinancial intermediaries 金融中介机构Financial institutions through which savers can indirectly provide funds to borrowersFinancial markets 金融市场Financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to borrowersFinancial system 金融体系The group of institutions in the economy that help to match one person's saving with another person's investmentFisher effect 费雪效应The one-for-one adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rateFixed cost 固定成本Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output producedFractional-reserve banking 部分预备金银行体系A banking system in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reservesFree rider 搭便车者A person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for itfactor demand 要素需求the amount of an input demanded by a firm, given the price of the input and the quantity of output being produced; an input will be demanded up to the point where the value of the input's marginal product equals the price of theinputfederal government structure 联邦政府结构a system in which government activity takes place at several levels--national, state, county, city, and othersfirm wealth effect 厂商的财宝效应lower prices or lower demand cause firms' profits and net worth to fall, and this makes them less willing to undertake the risks involved with investmentfiscal policies 财政政策policies that affect the level of government expenditures and taxesfixed exchange rate system 固定汇率体系an exchange rate system in which the value of each currency is fixed in relationship to other currenciesflexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率体系a system in which exchange rates are determined by market forces, the law of supply and demand, without government interferencefixed or overhead inputs 不变投入或分摊投入inputs that do not change depending on the quantity of output, at least over the short termflow statistics 流量统计measurements of a certain rate of quantity per period of time, such as GDP, which measures output per yearfull-employment deficit 充分就业赤字the budget deficit that would have prevailed if the economy were at full employment, thus with higher tax revenues and lower public assistance expendituresfull-employment output/ potential output 充分就业产出或潜在产出the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed (output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)GGDP deflator 平减指数A measure of the price level calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP times 100Game theory 博弈理论The study of how people behave in strategic situationsGiffen good 吉芬物品A good for which an increase in the price raises the quantity demandedGross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of timeGross national product (GNP) 国名生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced by permanent residents of a nation within a given period of timegains from trade 交易所得the benefits that each side enjoys from a tradeGDP per capita 人均国内生产总值the value of all goods and services produced in the economy divided by populationgeneral equilibrium analysis 一样均衡分析a simultaneous analysis of all capital, product, and labor markets throughout the economyGini coefficient 基尼系数a measure of inequality (equal to twice the area between the 45 degree line and the Lorenz curve)green revolution 绿色革命the invention and dissemination of new seeds and agricultural practices that led to vast increases in agricultural output in LDCs during the 1960's and 1970'sHHorizontal equity 横向公平The idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amountHuman capital 人力资本The knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience;The accumulation of investments in people, such as education and on-the-job traininghorizontal integration 横向一体化the integration of a firm with other firms producing the same product (at the same level of production)horizontal merger 横向兼并a merger between two firms that produce the same goodshorizontal restrictions 横向约束restrictions (such as an agreement not to compete in price or to enter each others' markets) by competing firms (at the same level of production, for instance, among producers, or among wholesalers, or among retailers)hostile takeover 恶意收购when one management team (one firm) takes over the control of another, against the will of the second firmIImport quota 进口限额A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domesticallyImports 进口Goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domesticallyIn-kind transfers 实物转移支付Transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cashIncome effect 收入效应The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curveIncome elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers' income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in incomeIndexation 指数化The automatic correction of a dollar figure for the effects of inflation by law or contractIndifference curves 无差异曲线Curves that show consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction A good for which an increase in income reduces the quantity demandedInferior good 低档商品A good for which, other things being equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in quantity demandedInflation 通货膨胀An increase in the overall level of prices in the economyInflation rate 通货膨胀率The percentage change in the price index from the preceding periodInternalizing an externality 外部性的内在化Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actionsInvestment 投资Spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housingimperfect competition 不完全竞争any market structure in which there is some competition but firms face downward-sloping demand curvesimplicit contract 隐含合同an unwritten understanding between two groups involved in an exchange, such as an understanding between employer and employees that employees will receive a stable wage throughout fluctuating economic conditionsimport function 进口函数the relationship between imports and national incomeincomplete markets 不完全市场situations in which no market may exist for some good or for some risk, or in which some individuals cannot borrow for some purposesincreasing, constant or diminishing returns to scale 规模收益递增/不变/递减when all inputs are increased by a certain proportion, output increases by a greater proportion (also known as economies of scale)indexing 指数化the formal linking of any payment to a price indexindividual income tax 个人所得税a tax based on the income received by any individual or householdinfant industry argument for protection 稚嫩工业爱护论the argument that industries must be protected from foreign competition while they areyoung, until they have a chance to acquire the skills to enable them to compete on equal termsinfinite elasticity of demand 无限需求弹性the situation that exists when any amount will be demanded at a particular price, but nothing will be demanded if the price rises even a small amountinfinite elasticity of supply 无限供给弹性situation that exists when any amount will be supplied at a particular price, but nothing will be supplied if the price falls even a small amountinflation tax 通货膨胀税the decrease in buying power (wealth) that inflation imposes on those who hold currency (and other assets, like bonds, the payments for which are fixed in terms of dollars)inflationary spiral 通货膨胀螺旋a self-perpetuating system in which price increases lead to higher wages, which lead to further price increasesinfrastructure 基础设施the roads, ports, bridges, and legal system that provide the necessary basis for a working economyinsider-outsider theory 局内人—局外人理论the theory that firms are reluctant to pay new workers (outsiders) a lower wage than current workers (insiders), because current workers will fear beingreplaced by the new log-wage workers and will not participate in cooperating with and training theminterest 利息the return a saver receives in addition to the original amount she deposited, and the amount that a borrower must pay in addition to the original amount she depositedinterest rate effect 利率效应the situation that exists when lower interest rates (resulting from an increase in the money supply, or a fall in the price level) induce firms to invest moreinvestment schedule 投资曲线the relationship between the level of investment and the (real) rate of interestinvestment tax credit (ITC) 投资税减免a provision of the tax code in which the government reduces a company's tax bill by an amount equal to a percentage of its spending on investmentinvoluntary unemployment 非自愿失业。

MBA翻译重点词汇总结1经济类：按时付款honor a payment in due time补偿贸易compensation trade尝试性订购trial / try-out order撤消资本折旧率deregulation of capital depreciation rates出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones到岸加佣金价Cost , Insurance , Freight and Commission (C.I.F.C.) 全额退款 a full refund底盘floor offer定金down payment独家经销代理exclusive selling agency独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit (enterprise)对外商投资实行国民待遇grant national treatment to foreign investors分享权利与义务share rights and obligations取得丰厚的经济回报yield fat economic returns付款方式way of payment关税壁垒customs barrier ; tariff wall管理知识managerial expertise宏观经贸macroeconomics and trade互补互惠的合作关系complementary and mutual beneficial partnership 回佣return commission季节性折扣seasonal discount建立业务关系enter into business relations with进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进出口商品交易会Import and Export Commodities Fair进口渗透import penetration吸引外商直接投资attract foreign direct investment经营范围line / scope of business净利润net profit开/收盘价 opening / closing price可兑换货币convertible currency库存有限limited stock离岸加运费价Cost and Freight (C&F)加岸价Free On Board (F.O.B.)利润分配distribution in profits share零售价retail price批发价wholesale price贸易索赔business claim目的港船边交货价Free Over Side (F.O.S.)潜在市场potential market三资企业three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures 中外合资Sino-foreign joint ventures中外合作Sino-foreign cooperative businesses外商独资exclusively foreign-owned enterprises商业界business community实/虚盘 firm/non-firm offer实施市场多元化战略implement the strategy of market diversification使之受到法律和经济手段的制约get it under both legal and economic control受同一种规章制度的制约be subject to the same regulations or constraints 双边贸易 bilateral trade双赢战略 win-win strategy随行就市 be subject to market fluctuation缩小沿海地区与中西部地区的经济差距narrow the economic disparities between the coastal regions and the central and w estern provinces讨价还价bargain投资比重share of investment投资热the rising investment fever投资意向an investment proposal违约breach of the contract / agreement现/期货价 spot / forward price现货spot goods现金结算 cash settlement信用证结算 payment by letter of credit (L/C)形成一批有势力的跨国公司和知名品牌bring about a number of srtong multionational enterprises and brand names续约 extend the contract索赔 claim for a compensation稳妥的速度和规模 (at) a moderate rate and a safe scale易货贸易 barter trade有利可图 profitable / lucrative诱人的投资政策 attractive investment policies招标投标制 the system of public bidding for projects招商引资 attract / bid for / invite investments (from overseas )鉴于实际情况 in consideration of the actual conditions装运港船边交货价 Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.)最大程度发挥双方优势 maximize the strengths of both parties经济组织Economic Organizations国际商会 International Chamber of Commerce国际海洋运输保险协会 International Union of Marine Insurance花旗银行 National City Bank of New York欧洲投资银行 European Intestment Bank (EIB)米兰银行 Midland Bank,Ltd.汇丰银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation经济合作与开发组织 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (D ECD)美中贸易全国理事会 National Council for US-China Trade日中经济协会 Japan-China Economic Association日本协力银行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)英国国际贸易促进委员会 British Countil for the Promotion of International Trade纽约证券交易所 New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)伦敦股票市场 London Stock Market欧洲经济共同体 European Economic Community (EEC) ; European Common M arket欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)欧洲集团 Eurogroup加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易联盟）Caribbean Common Market (CCM)石油输出国组织 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)英联邦特惠区 Commonwealth Preference Area中国人民银行People’s Bank of China中国银行 Bank of China国际复兴开发银行 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBR D)世界银行 World Bank欧洲经济与货币同盟 European Economic and Monetary Union国际结算银行 Bank for International Settlements (BIS)中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CC PIT)亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)APEC工商咨询理事会 APEC Business Advisory Council便利化，责任性，一致性，透明性和简单化facilitation , accountability , consistency , transparency and simplification单边行动计划 individual action plan地区能源合作工作组 Regional Energy Cooperation Working Group电子数据交换 electronic date interchange (EDI)东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)非关税措施 non-tariff measures海洋资源保护 marine resource conservation集体行动计划 collective action plans加速关税自由化 accelerated tariff liberalization可持续发展经济区域性一体化regional integration for sustainable economies劳动和社会保障 labor and social protection劳动市场信息 labor market information贸易促进工作组 Trade Promotion Working Group贸易投资委员会 Committee on Trade and Investment贸易投资自由化和便利化 trade and investment liberalization and facilitation名人小组 Eminent Persons Group平等互利，协商一致，求同存异，自主自愿equality and mutual benefit , reaching consensus through consultation , seeking co mmon grounds while putting aside differences , initiative and free will南太平洋地区经济贸易合作协定South Pacific Regional Trade Economic Cooperation Agreement人口和经济持续增长对粮食，能源，和环境的冲击impact of expanding population and economic growth on food , energy and the env ironment人力资源开发human resources development太平洋经济合作理事会Pacific Economic Cooperation Council投资专家组Investment Experts’ Group互相承认 mutual recognition协调的单边行动 concerted unilateral action信息技术协定 Information Technology Agreement行政和预算委员会 Budget and Administrative Committee亚太工商网 Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太经合组织部长会议 APEC Ministerial Meeting亚太经合组织工商咨询理事会会议APEC Business Advisory Council Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议Informal Meeting of APEC Leaders亚太经合组织商业论坛 APEC Business Forum亚太经济社会理事会 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Regio n亚太旅游协会 Pacific Asia Travel Association亚太能源中心 Asia-Pacific Energy Research Center亚太中小型企业技术交流与培训中心APEC Center for Technology and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises与贸易有关的知识产权协定Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property争端调解专家组Dispute Mediation Experts’ Group政府采购 government procurement世界贸易组织World Trade Organization (WTO)《北美自由贸易协定》 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易区 North American Free Trade Area布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods System常设机构 standing body垂直兼并 vertical merger东部和南部非洲共同市场 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMES A)反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 environmentally-sound technology (EST)出口实绩 export performance出口补贴 export subsidy灰色区域措施 gray area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management / assessment国际收支平衡 balance of international payments非洲，加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）African , Caribbean and Pacific Group (ACP)上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 Balance-of-payments (BOP) Provisions既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Pulicy规避 circumvention关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trade relation (PNTR)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger进口环节税 import linkage tax进口许可 import licensing垃圾融资 junk financing慢性萧条 chronic depression贸易和投资自由化和便利化trade and investment liberalization and facilitation (TILF) 全球配额 global quota弱势群体 disadvantaged group市场准入的行政管理措施 Administrative Aspects of Market Access (AAMA)生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）Harmonized System (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System )争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DS U)诸边协议 plurilateral agreement祖父条款 grandfather clause最初谈判权 Initial Negotiating Rights (INRs)保护主义 protectionism闭关自守 closed door policy畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project初级成分 primary sector粗放式管理 extensive management从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy盗用公款 embezzlement地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for the ir finances地区差异 regional disparity短平快项目 a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment 短线产品 products in shorts supply二元经济 dual economy发展不平衡 disparate development发展民族经济 develop the national economy发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need翻两番 quadruple放宽经营条件限制 relax business restrictions扶贫 helping the poor改善投资环境 improve the investment environment工商局 industrial and commercial administration公共部门；公共成分 public sector关税总水平 general tariff level管制经济 controlled economy规模经济 economy of scale国产化率import substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and componen ts国际商业社会 the global business community国家粮食库存the state grain reserves国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gorss domestic product (GDP)合理引导消费guide rational consumption宏观调控macro-control混合经济mixed economy基本国情fundamental realities of the country积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy集体经济collective economy集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划经济planned economy计划调节regulation through state planning讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating解放生产力emancipate the productive forces经济波动economic fluctuation经济复苏economic recovery经济杠杆economic levers经济平衡economic balance经济趋势economic trend经济渠道economic channels经济全球化economic globalization经济失调指数misery index经济衰退economic depression经济腾飞economic take-off /boom(有)经济头脑的人 commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense 控股公司holding company拉动经济增长fuel economic growth理顺straightening out家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system停职留薪retain the job but suspend the salary乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines配套政策supporting policies贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor求得公平合理的解决seek a fair and reasonable solution三步走战略the three-step development strategy社会热点问题hot spots of society涉外经济foreign-related business实体经济the real economy实现零的突破achieve the zero breakthrough实用，有效，廉价，方便practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use市政当局municipality适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy私营成分，私营部门private sector停滞；萧条 stagnation通货紧缩deflation (of currency )统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统一市场single market托管制度trusteeship网络经济cybereconomy伪劣商品赔还法lemon law温饱工程project for adequate food and clothing效益农业profitable agriculture新兴经济emerging economies养老金pension以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存，求发展，求效益strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality优化结构和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns优税待遇 preferential taxation treatment有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market中国经济景气检测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit主体经济 the mainstay of the economy专属经济区 exclusive economic zone追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development资源配置 the distribution / allocation of resources自由经济 liberal economy政治经济学 political economy官方表述Official Statements社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentmen t深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social securit y system失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban resi dents同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系a social security system compatible with the level of economic development国民经济National Economy按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance摆脱贫穷和落后shaking off poverty and backwardness保持国民经济持续，快速，健康发展maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy边际报酬 marginal return变相涨价 disguised price hikes不正之风 bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency财政经济状况 financial and economic conditions财政收支平衡 fiscal balance（产品）分销 sub-underwriting ; distribution草根农业 grass-roots industry产粮大省 granary province朝阳产业 sunrise industry传销 multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling打假 crack down on counterfeit goods弹性工资 flexible pay等外品 off-grade goods ; rejects第一产业 primary industury第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation恶性循环 vicious circle二次创业 start a new undertaking浮动工资 floating wages ; fluctuating wages高科技板块 high-tech sector根本好转 fundamental turn for the better工薪阶层 salariat ; state employee ; salaried person公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company国家利益 interest of the state红包（中）red envelope containing money as a gift ; (贬) bribe ; kickb ack积压产品 overstocked commodities / inventories技术产权交易所 technology equity market ; technology property right exchang e技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers加班 work extra shifts ; work overtime家族企业 family firm假日经济 holiday firm尖端产品 highly sophisticated products解困基金 anti-poverty funds进口减免税 import tax exemptions and reduction精品 competitive products敬业精神 professional dedication ; professional ethics连带责任 joint liability良性循环 virtuous circle劣等品 shoddy goods ; substandard goods ; lemon (口语)冒充包装 copycat packaging耐用消费品 durable consumer items / goods年同比 year-on-year ; on an annual basis扭转局面 reverse the tide ; turn the table农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农村劳动力合理有序流动 the rational and orderly flow of rural labor皮包公司 bogus company票贩子 ticket scalper ; ticket tout瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions情感消费 emotional consumption区位商业 location-based commerce全优工程 all-round excellent project拳头产品 competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster商品交易所 Commodity Exchange商品条码 bar code商务所commercial counsellor’s office市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适销对路的产品 readily marketable products甩卖 clearance sale ; be on sale双边和多边经济合作 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation跳蚤市场 flea market投资成本回收 recover investments脱贫致富 cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prospe rity无形资产 intangible assets向钱看 mammonism ; put money above all效益工资 achievements-related wages ; wages based on benefits一级市场 primary market重复建设 duplication of similar projects转嫁负担 shifting losses to国有企业改革Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)摆脱困境 be extricated from their predicament包工包料 contract for labor and materials层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting产品结构 product mix产权清晰，权责分明，政企分开，科学管理clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业高地 industrial leading position产业关联性 production-related association产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure厂长负责制system under which the factory director assumes full responsibil ity承包经营 contract operation持续提高公司的竞争能力achieve a lasting upturn in the company’s ability to com pete初步建立现代企业制度implement a preliminary modern enterprise system促销merchandising大型企业集团large enterprise group带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing the m to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment ; post-waiting待业job-waiting待业人口population waiting for employment地域优势geographical advantage调节经济运行regulate the operation of the economy调整产品结构readjust the product mix董事会领导leadership of the board of directors对符合条件的企业实行债转股carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit对外承包工程overseas contracted engineering projects防范和化解经融风险prevent and defuse financial risks分流企业富余人员redirect surplus employees of enterprises富有献身精神，积极性高涨的员工队伍a highly motivated and committed workforce改革国有资产管理体制reform the state property management system改善国有企业负债结构improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprise s高中级工程技术人员senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists革新重组realignment个体，私营等非公有制经济the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses工业产值 the industrial output公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system公有制的多种实现形式 various forms for realizing public ownership股份合作制 joint stock-holding partnership ; the joint stock cooperative syste m股份制 the shareholding system骨干企业 key enterprise规范监事会制度 standardize the board of supervisors system规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures国家财政收入 total national revenue国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises国有控股企业 state holding enterprise国有资产流失 the devaluation of state assets合同管理制 the contract management system红帽子企业 red cap enterprise宏观管理体制 the macro-control system货币政策 monetary policy技术创新technological innovation家用电器产业the home electric appliances industry价格性能比price versus performance ratio兼并破产merger and bankruptcy减少对市场变化做出反应的时间shorten the response time to market changes减员增效downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency揭牌典礼an official business launch紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises竞争有序orderly competition竞争择优select only the best of competing offers开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity亏损企业loss-making enterprises亏损企业脱困losing enterprises in the black again扩大内需expand domestic demand来料加工process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers’ materia ls for processing劳动合同制labor contract system理顺/正确处理改革，发展，稳定的关系appropriately balance reform , development and stability流通体制the circulation system龙头 a leader内联企业enterprises with internal connections扭亏增赢reduction of loss and increase of profits培育统一开放，竞争有序的市场体系cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas激励机制和约束机制incentive and restraint mechanisms企业文化corporate culture强化管理，“严”字当头 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else强化社区服务功能strengthen the function of community强强联合association between strong enterprises全面提高劳动者素质improve the overall quality of the workforce全球销售服务网络the global sales and after-sales service network融中国现代产业于世界经济主流integrate China’s modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy三无企业three-no-enterprises商检局Commodity Inspection Bureau商业运作business dealings深化流通体制改革deepen the reform of the distribution system生物医药产业the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry石油化工产业the petrochemical industry实行投资主体多元化Sources of investment must be diversified时常多元化战略market diversification strategy售后服务 after-sales service树立企业良好形象 foster a good company image统筹规划，突出重点，分步实施a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step -by-step manner投身于变化的过程中 be committed to the process of change完善法人治理结构 improve the corporate government西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China下岗分流 redirect laid-off workers下海 go in for business兴建南水北调工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project虚拟经济和实体经济 virtual economy and real economy养老，失业，医疗保险金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums 一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility一体化生产 integrated production以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms优化结构 optimize structure优化生产过程 optimize production processes优化组合 optimization grouping ; optional regrouping优势互补 take advantage of eac h other’s strength再就业服务中心 re-employment service center再就业工程 re-employment programs在业人口 working population政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏Governments set up the stage , various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show支柱产业 pillar industries知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive projects中心环节 the pivotal point抓大放小 invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small one s;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for t hemselves转化机制 shift to new management mechanisms转化经营机制 change operating mechanism装备精良 state-of-the-art equipment资金技术密集型产业 capital-and-technology-intensive industries劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industries自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses财政金融Finance保理业务factoring business保税区the low-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area比较完整的金融市场体系 a relatively complete financial market system变现sell off财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement财务成本 financial cost财务丑闻 accounting scandal财政法 fiscal law财政收入/支出financial revenue / expenditure财政转移支付 transfer payment from the exchequer搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by perso ns inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value ) 筹资融资 fund and financing城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits呆帐 bad loan贷款无力偿还 loan defaults地区货币集团 regional corrency blocks电子银行 e-banking电子应用系统 e-application对冲基金 hedge fund二板时常：创业板市场second board (on the country’s stock market)防范金融风险 prevent financial risks费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock ma rket .分期付款 installment payment分税制 system of tax distribution风险管理 risk management风险投资 risk investment风险资本 venture capital封闭式基金 close-ended fund辐射全国，影响深远 radiate its profound influence across the country高增长，低通胀 high growth and low inflation公积金 public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds公司犯罪 corporate crime国际清算银行 international clearing banks国有商业银行 state-owned commercial banks国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond核心/非核心资产core/ non-core assets汇率机制 exchange-rate regime货币化 monetization货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款 cash on delivery技术转让 technology transfer假帐 accounting fraud虚报盈利 inflate profits监视会 supervisory board结售汇制度 the system of exchange , settlement and sales 金本位 gold standard金边债券 gilt-edged bonds金降落伞 golden parachute金融电子化 computerize financial services金融重组 financial reorganization债务人持有资产 debtor-in-possession (DIP)金税工程 Golden Tax Project金银买卖市场 a bullion trading market可支配收入 disposable income客户关系管理 customer relationship management (CRM)宽限期 grace period垃圾债券 junk bond利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery内部风险管理 the internal risk management内部自律控制机制 internal control system欧洲单一货币 the single European currency盘活存量资产 tap the idle assets疲软股票 soft stock骗汇，逃汇，套汇 obtain foreign currency at false pretenses , not turn over for eign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage企业资源计划 enterprise resource planning (ERP)全球金融体系 global financial architecture全天候交易 24-hour trading operations融资渠道 financing channels三角债 chain debt上市融资 seek financing by listing on the stock market设置严密的警戒线 throw a tight cordon申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection生产要素 essential factor of production直销 non-store selling网上银行业 online-banking在线金融 online-finance实行许可证制 implement a license system收购公司 acquiring company现金流量表 chart of cash flow首席运营官 Chief Operating Officer (COO)首席财务官 Chief Finance Officer (CFO)首席商务官 Chief Business Officer (CBO)首席技术官 Chief Technology Officer (CTO)首席信息官 Chief Information Officer (CIO)首席沟通官 Chief Government Officer (CGO)授信额度 line of credit税前/税后收入 pretax/after-tax income上市/被摘牌公司 listed / delisted company上调税申报制度 personal income declaration system顺差 trade surplus特许税 franchise tax粘现市场 discount market通存通税 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are proce ssed at any branch bank统一税 flat tax ; consolidated tax偷税，骗税，逃税，抗税 tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes投资信心 investor confidence财务报表 financial statement外国基准货币 the foreign base currency外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve外汇市场 a foreign exchange market外资财务公司 foreign-funded financial companies外资银行 foreign-funded banks金融交易安全 financial transaction security无息和低息贷款 loans with no or low interest物价涨幅 the margin of price rise吸收游资 absorb idle fund消费信贷 consumer credit services信贷风险 credit risk信贷支持 credit aid信用紧缩 credit crunch信用危机 credit crisis虚拟银行 virtual bank电子转帐 wire transfer延期还本付息 delayed repayment of capital and interest业绩报表 earning report金融违规行为 financial irregularities / improprieties证券交易委员会 Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)一式两联 (receipt or invoice)in duplicate营业税 turnover tax ; business tax增发长期国债 issue additional long-term treasury bonds债权转股权/债转股debt-for-equity swap帐面收益 paper profit有形资产 physical assets项目资本金制度 project fund system资产重组 recapitalize中国外汇交易中心 Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Service中国财政赤字 state financial deficits转手贸易 switch trade（银行的）交易 transact原始股 initial offerings新股发行 initial public offerings (IPO)智力资本 intellectual capital投资回收期 investment payoff period资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets资产负债比例管理 exercise management over the liability rate on assets资产负债表 balance sheet自由兑换 free convertibility ; be freely converible自助银行 self-service bank证券Securities保证金 margin ; collateral成分指数 component index承销商 underwriter发行人 issuer封闭式证券投资基金 closed-end securities investment fund开放式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 基金托管银行 fund custodian bank散户 retail ; private investor股本 share capital ; equity capital国库券 treasury bond红利；股息 dividend货币市场 monetary market机构投资者 institutional investor建/平仓open /close a position可流通股份 negotiable share可转换债券 convertible bond控股股份 controlling shareholder蓝筹股 blue chips流通性 liquidity内幕交易 insider trading / dealing配股 allotment of shares评级机构 rating agency企业债券 corporate bond清算；结算 clearing and settlement券商 broker ; dealer认股权证 warrant融券 securities loan金融衍生产品 financial derivatives申购 subscribe市场操纵 market manipulation市值 market capitalization收购兼并 merger and acquisition信息披露 information disclosure信用交易credit trading债券bond ; debenture中介机构intermediary资本市场capital market综合指数composite index房产Real Estate按揭贷款mortgage loan拆迁计划resettlement plan地段plot都市峡谷urban canyon房产开发公司real estate developer房屋总面积gross area高层楼房high-rise buildings高密度立体城市high density vertical city公告地价government-estimated land price绿地面积greenland area ; landscaping space棚户shacks ; family that live in shacks平面设计师graphic designer期房forward delivery housing乔迁之喜Best wishes for your new home人均住房per-capita housing ; average living space商品房空置的现象the vacancy problem in commercial housing使用面积floorage ; usable floor area室内面积carpet area四合院an old siheyuan (a compound with traditional Chinese house of g rey bricks and tiles built around a courtyard )筒子楼tube-shaped apartment危旧房old and dilapidated houses物业管理real estate management。

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统一的,一致的surely 的确地possibly 可能地certainly 确实地probably 很可能地allowing 允许,承认drifting 漂流的,飘动的mobile 可移动的,机动的 care for 关怀,照顾apply for 请求,申请allow for 虑及,体谅call for 要求,提倡alter 改变change 改变,变革vary 变化,不同convert 转变,变换range 排列,归类于separate 分开,隔离differ 不一致,不同reduce 减少exception 除外,例外exclusion 排斥modification 更改substitution 替代exchange 交换substitute 替代replace 取代,替换trade 用...进行交换amazed 惊奇的confused 困惑的amused 愉快的curious 好奇的trouble 烦恼nuisance 麻烦事worry 苦恼anxiety 忧虑arise 出现,发生lift 提高,举起raise 抬高,举起,提高 rise 上升,上涨arrive 到达increase 增加promote 提拔,促进heighten 升高multiply 相乘emphasize 强调reinforce 强调push 推动strengthen 加强progress 进步touch 触摸emergency 紧急情况trend 趋势schedule 进度表proceed 进行march 进军arrival 到达dismissal 免职survival 幸存disposal 处置artificial 人造的unnatural 不自然的false 假的unreal 不真实的automatically 自动地artificially 人造地manually 手工做地synthetically 人工合成地associated 联合的,关联的 tied 打结的bound 被束缚的involved 棘手的,有关的 engage 使从事，使订婚 involve 卷入interact 交互作用associate 联合communicate 交流attach 缚上,系上afford 买得起run 开办,主持attached 附上...的responsible 有责任的resistant 抵抗的contrary 相反的insure 给...保险,保证 guarantee 保证ensure 确保assure 确信tolerate 容忍undergo 遭受endure 忍受，持续witness 目击，为...作证sustain 维持maintain 维持，保养deposit 储蓄measure 测量，衡量attribute 归因于contribute 捐献,贡献devote 投入于,献身justify 证明...是正当的evaluate 评估，评价indicate 指示，表明reckon 估计，指望（）determine 决定identify 识别curiosity 好奇心determination 决心significance 重要性available 可得到的,可利用的approachable 可接近的,平易近人的 attainable 可到达的,可得到的applicable 可适用的,可应用的preferable 较合意的,更可取considerable 相当大(或多)的possible 可能的adaptable 能适应的,可修改的comfortable 舒适的acceptable 可接受的advisable 可取的,明智的favourable 有利的suitable 适当的proper 适当的partial 部分的liable 有责任的bare 赤裸的,无遮蔽的blank 空白的,空着的hollow 空的，中空的vacant 空的,空闲valid 有效的vain 徒然的vague 含糊的secure 保护seek 寻找stimulate 刺激shape 成形inquire 询问search 搜寻,查究seek 寻求resort 诉诸register 登记，注册resolve 解决，分解bargain 契约,合同，便宜货 negotiation 商议,谈判［E］ consult ［E］商量,商议conflict 斗争,冲突struggle 斗争campaign 竞选运动battle 战役,战争［E］ debate ［E］争论,辩论 ［F］ dispute ［F］争论,辩论barrier 障碍battery 电池basket 篮barrel 桶［E］ obstacle ［E］障碍fence 栅栏,围墙prevention 预防,防止jam 拥挤,堵塞tragedy 悲剧,惨案［E］ vacuum ［E］真空confuse 搞乱,使糊涂trouble 麻烦disturb 打扰puzzle 迷惑［E］ offense ［E］进攻［F］ distress ［F］悲伤prevent 阻止turn 扭转prohibit 禁止avoid 避免fault 过错errors 过失shortcomings 缺点flaw 缺点boundary 边界edge 边缘border 边界margin 页边的空白distance 距离scope 范围range 行列span 跨度scale 规模occupy 占据classify 分类grade 等级，级别category 种类，类别extent 广度level 水平quantity 数量［E］ field ［E］领域 ［F］ limit ［F］限度break 打破crack 裂纹split 裂开burst 胀裂leak 泄漏mess 混乱lack 缺乏omit 省略withdraw 撤消failure 失败absence 缺席drop 下降break into 破门而入break through 突围,突破break down 制服,压倒break out 突发,爆发 ［E］ break up ［E］分裂set off 出发,动身wear off 逐渐减弱,耗损 call off 放弃,取消break off 中断,突然停止 carry forward 发扬,结转carry out 贯彻,执行carry off 获得成功,对付 carry on 继续开展,坚持 bring around 使复苏bring about 使发生bring out 使显示,生产 bring up 培养bring off 救出,完成bring forth 提出,展示bring down 打倒,击落bring back 使恢复build up 树立spring up 跳起来strike up 建立起,使开始 come round 前来,苏醒come along 出现,发生come on 快点,赶快come out 出来,长出come up with 赶上,提出catch up with 赶上put up with 忍受,容忍keep up with 跟上［E］ stand up to ［E］经得起keep up 维持,继续pick up 拾取draw up 草拟cancel 取消,删去postpone 推迟,使延期delay 耽搁,延迟retreat 撤退assume 假定,设想suppose 推想,假设mean 意谓hope 希望refuse 拒绝,谢绝decline 谢绝deny 否认reject 拒绝deprive 剥夺restrict 限制ignore 忽视neglect 疏忽employment (受雇于他人而拿薪水)工作，职 career 生涯，职业occupation 工作，职业profession 职业，自由职业case 事例incident 事件event 事件affair 事件question 问题occasion 场合matter 事件issue 问题stuff 填充substance 物质material 原料particle 微粒charge 索价expense 费用purchase 购买order 定单fee 费(会费、学费等)fare 运费,车费payment 报酬claim 要求，索赔price 价格,价钱cost 成本,价钱expend 花费offer 出价comparative 比较的relative 相关的actual 实际上的annual 一年一次的,每年的certain 确实的,无疑的insignificant 无关紧要的fundamental 基础的,根本的comprise 包含,由...组成contain 包含,容纳include 包括,包含involve 包括，涉及［E］ enclose ［E］围住，围起impose 强加,强迫insert 插入pitch 扎营plunge 投入gradual 逐渐的unceasing 不断的constant 经常的consequent 作为结果的,随之发生的 continual 持续不断的continuous 不断的,连续的consistent 一贯的,始终如一的convey 运送deliver 递送emit 发射release 释放remove 除去elaborate 精心制作motivate 激发translate 翻译transmit 传输transport 运输transfer 转移［E］ transmission ［E］播送crisis 危机precaution 预防emergency 紧急情况urgency 紧迫service 服务presentation 陈述preparation 准备prediction 预言cultivate 培养tend 照管,护理breed 教养,抚养tame 驯养［E］ grow ［E］种植［F］ raise ［F］抚养attend 出席accompany 陪伴entertain 招待shield 保护data 数据message 消息media 媒体information 信息decrease 减少compress 压缩shrink 压缩drop 下降［E］ contract ［E］收缩［F］ slim ［F］变细［G］ dissolve ［G］溶解despair 绝望depression 沮丧desperation 绝望delicate 精巧的accurate 精确的fixed 确定的rigid 严格的sensitive 敏感的tender 温柔的sensible 明智的objective 客观的flexible 灵活的severe 严厉的bad 恶劣的mild 温和的slight 轻微的light 轻的simple 单纯的least 最少的，最不重要的 utmost 极度的slender 苗条的，微弱的faint 模糊的，无力的minor 较小的，次要的demand 要求command 命令require 要求request 请求claim 主张oblige 迫使result 导致recommend 推荐dense 密集的dark 黑暗black 黑色bold 粗体densely 浓密的vastly 广大地enormously 巨大地largely 很大程度上draw ()提取pick 捡起gain 得到pull 拉,拖miss 错过escape 逃脱slide 滑过lack 缺乏edition 版本editorial 社论article 文章abstract 摘要project 计划devise 设计format 格式exhaust 耗尽expose 暴露exhibit 展出exploit 开发consume 消耗,消费swallow 咽,吞没dispose 处理,处置expand 扩张consumption 消费exhaustion 耗尽expense 花费explode 爆炸multiply 增加lengthen 延长stretch 伸展exaggerate 夸大overtake 超过enlarge 扩大widen 加宽indispensable 不可缺少inevitable 不可避免的incapable 无能力的insensible 麻木不仁的intelligent 聪明的infinite 无限的influential 有影响的identical 同样的extensive 广大的,广阔的 expansive 易扩张的intensive 强烈的expensive 昂贵的spare 多余的extra 额外的supreme 无上的diverse 不同的extreme 极端的significant 有意义的,重大的 enormous 巨大的numerous 众多的considerate 考虑周到的concerned 关心的,有关的 careful 小心的,仔细的 specially 特别地committed 效忠的witched 迷惑的favored 有利的transmitted 传输的forceful 有力的tremendous 巨大的intense 强烈的，认真的 profitable 有利可图的tricky 奸诈的，微妙的 clumsy 笨拙的，不得体的 favorite 喜爱的feature 特色figure 体形，轮廓sketch 草图，速写image 形象，图像virtue 优点property 特性characteristic 特征mark 标志trace 痕迹diagram 图表appearance 外貌label 标签sign 符号signal 信号symptom 症状generous 慷慨的genuine 真实的minimum 最小的modest 谦虚的conservative 保守的content 满意的confident 自信的cut down 削减,砍倒cut away 砍掉cut up 切碎cut off 切断give up 放弃arrive at 到达submit to 服从work out 设计出guilty 有罪的sorry 抱歉的ashamed 惭愧的miserable 痛苦的responsible for 负责的obliged for 感激的responsible 有责任的obliged 感谢hand over 移交take over 接管think over 仔细考虑get over 被理解get off 下来get away 逃脱克服hang about 闲荡hang up 挂断hang in 悬而未决hang onharsh 刺耳的rigid 严格的solid 坚固的smooth 平滑的,流畅的 fluid 流动的fluent 流利的flowing 流动的vigorous 精力充沛的flat 平坦的tedious 单调乏味的 bored 无聊的clumsy 笨拙的 ［E］ tired ［E］疲倦的 hold back 阻止,抑制 hold up 举起put off 推迟put aside 撇开［E］ put forward ［E］提出 ［F］ put out ［F］扑灭impact 冲击motivation 动机perspective 远景impression 印象capacity 容量possession 拥有potential 潜力strength 力量［E］ length ［E］长度impress 使铭记interfere 干涉offend 冒犯bother 烦扰sake 缘故respect 尊敬reaction 反应comment 评论opinion 意见purpose 目的,意图 intention 意图attempt 企图［E］ desire ［E］愿望 in person 亲自by himself 他亲自in private 私下as individual 作为个人at heart 在内心里 on purpose 故意by nature 生来intensity 强度popularity 流行density 密度prosperity 繁荣originally 最初extremely 极端地violently 猛烈地intensively 强烈地tense 紧张的rigid 严格的intensive 强烈的tight 紧的original 最初的crude ()未加工的 fresh 新鲜的rude 粗鲁的joint 联合的concise 简明的overall 全面的decisive 决定性的latter 后者last 最后的later 稍后late 迟的［E］ lasting ［E］持久的 lay aside 搁置lay out 展示lay off 解雇lay down 放下lead to 导致result from 由...产生 lie in 存在于settle down 定居response 反应result 结果settlement 解决solution 解决办法length 长度gap 差距rate 比率interval 间隔capacity 容量strength 力量thickness 厚度proportion 比例pace 步调speed 速度growth 生长step 脚步make up for 补偿make for 走向make out 理解,辨认出make off 离开［E］ make up ［E］构造,补足 ［F］ make over ［F］移交build up 树立,增进,建造 live through 度过live up to 做到conform to 符合［E］ stand for ［E］代表,象征 look 看sight 视力view 观察form 形式vision 视力picture 图画glimpse 一瞥scene 场面look out 留神look after 照顾look into 浏览look on 旁观take on 呈现get on 进展put up 举起look up 查寻minimum 最小的genuine 真正的modest 谦虚的generous 慷慨的short 短的seldom 很少scarce 缺乏的mood 心情temper 性情mind 心智passion 激情爱［E］ emotion ［E］感情 ［F］ attitude ［F］态度 ［G］ feeling ［G］感觉kindness 仁慈affection 喜爱，感情friendliness 友善warmth 暖和，热心necessarily 必要地essentially 本质上completely 完全地remarkably 显著地normal 正常的regular 规则的average 平均的ordinary 平常的obviously 明显地surprisingly 令人惊讶地particularly 令人惊讶地normally 通常地consequently 从而,因此regularly 有规律地,定期地 comprehensively 全面的，综合的 properly 适当地obvious 明显的optimistic 乐观的optional 任选的outstanding 突出的legal 法律的，法定的 temporary 暂时的，临时的 voluntary 自愿的，志愿的 opportunity 机会necessity 必要性probability 可能性possibility 可能性idleness 闲散laziness 懒惰inability 无能poverty 贫穷out of hand 脱手out of reach 够不到out of hold 挣脱out of place 不合适particular 挑剔special 特别的specific 特定的dynamic 有活力的heroic 英勇的diplomatic 外交的unique 独一无二的rare 罕见的［E］ strange ［E］陌生的in particular 特别in harmony 融洽in doubt 怀疑in brief 简单扼要地peculiarly 特有地indifferently 冷淡地vigorously 精神旺盛地inevitably 不可避免point 点spot 斑点,污点track 轨迹trace 痕迹stain 瑕疵press 出版业,挤prospect 前景，勘探，勘察 print 印刷process 加工，办理stake 以…打赌squeeze 挤压stretch 伸展leap 跳越prior 在前的pioneer 开拓的premature 早熟的past 过去的preference 偏爱，优先（权） conference 会议，商谈inference 推论结果reference 提到，参考，引文 run down 跑下run over 跑过去run into 偶遇run through 贯穿see to 负责,注意get to 到达hold to 坚持lead to 导致be sure 确信hope for 希望see to it 负责make it 达到预定目标shadow 影子sample 样品reproduction 复制品echo 回声strike 撞击rub 摩擦hit 打击scrape 刮掉stick 粘住sting 刺bite 咬scratch 抓strike at 打击strive for 力争stick to 坚持stand for 代替convention 习俗,习惯confinement 禁闭principle 原则,原理discipline 纪律standard 标准的 regular 规则的 routine 例行的 conventional 传统的。

M B A联考高频词汇The saying "the more diligent, the more luckier you are" really should be my charm in2006.1.break1break away 突然离开,强行逃脱2break down 损坏3break in 非法闯入4break into 非法闯入,强行进入5break out 爆发,突然出现6break off 突然停止,中断7break through 突围,冲破8break up 打碎；终止,结束9break out 爆发,突然出现2.bring1bring about 导致,引起2bring around/round 使恢复知觉或健康；说服,使信服3bring down 使落下；降低,减少4bring forth 产生,提出5bring forward 提出,提议；提前6bring off 使实现,做成7bring on 引起,促进8bring out 出版,推出；激起,引起9bring through 使病人脱险,使安全度过10bring to 使恢复知觉11bring up 养育,教养；提出问题3.call1call at/on 访问,拜访2call back 回电话3call for 要求,需要4call in 招来,叫～进来5call off 取消6call on/upon sb. to do sth 号召,要求7call up 打电话；招集4.carry1carry forward 推进2carry off 拿走,夺走3carry on 继续4carry out 执行,完成,实现5carry over 使继续下去,将～延后6carry through 实现,完成,坚持下去；使度过困难或麻烦e1come about 发生,产生2come across 偶然遇见,碰上3come along 出现,发生；进步,进展4come apart 破碎,崩溃5come around/round 到来,顺便来访；苏醒,复原6come at 攻击,冲向；达到,了解7come between 分开,离间；妨碍8come by 得到,获得；访问,看望；9come down 物价下跌；落魄,潦倒10come down to 可归结为11come in for 收到,遭到12come off 结果,表现；脱落,分开13come on 表鼓励,催促快,走吧；进步,进展14come out 出现,显露；出版,发表；结果是15come through 经历,安然度过16come to 苏醒；涉及,谈到17come up 发生,出现；走上前来18come up against 突然或意外碰到困难等19come up to 达到标准,比得上20come up with 提出,提供6.cut1cut across 抄近路穿过,对直通过2cut back 急忙返回；削减,缩减3cut down 削减,减少；砍倒,杀死4cut in 插嘴,打断5cut off 切断,阻断；使分离,隔离6cut out 切去,删去；戒除,停止服用7.get1get about 走动；消息传开2get across 使被了解,将～讲清楚3get ahead 获得成功,取得进展4get along 前进,进展；过活,生活5get around/round 消息等传开；克服,设法回避问题等6get at 够的着,触及；意思是；查明,发现；指责7get away 走开离开；逃脱；8get back 回来,回到；取回,恢复；对～进行报复9get down 从～下来；写下；使沮丧10get down to 开始认真处理,着手做11get in 进入,抵达；收获庄稼等；with对～亲近12get into 对~发生兴趣；卷入；使进入13get off 从～下来；结束工作,下班；动身,出发14get on 骑上马,自行车,登上车,船,飞机；进展,相处；继续15get out 使离开,退出组织等；消息等泄漏；生产,出版16get over 从疾病、失望等中恢复过来；克服困难；解决问题17get rid of 摆脱, 除去18get through with干完工作,完成任务；度过时间19get together 相聚,聚集20get up 起床,起立8.give1give away 泄露；赠送2give back 送还,恢复3give in 交上；投降,屈服4give off 放出,释放5give oneself away 泄露,露马脚6give oneself up 自首,投降,投案7give out 分发,放出8give rise to 引起,使发生；造成9give up 停止,放弃10give way 让路,让步11give way to 给...让路,对...让步；被...代替9.go1go after 追求2go along with 陪同前往,随行3go back on 违背4go by 过去5go down 下降,降低；被载人,传下去6go for 竭力想取得,喜爱,支持,拥护7go in for 从事,致力于,追求,沉迷于8go into 进入,研究,调查9go off 爆炸,发射；动身,离开10go on 继续,发生11go out 外出,熄灭12go over 检查,审查；复习,重温13go through 经历,经受,详细检查14go under 下沉,沉没；失败,破产15go up 上升,增加；建起16go with 伴随,与...协调17go without 没有...也行18go wrong 发生故障,出毛病10.hand1 hand down 留传下来,传给,往下传2hand in 交上,递交3hand in hand 手拉着手,携手；结合起来,联合4hand on 传下来,依次传递5hand out 分发,散发,发给6hand over 交出,移交,让与11.hang1 hang about 闲荡2hang back 踌躇不前,退缩3hang on 持续,坚持下去4hang up 挂,吊,拖延...,中止,搁置12.hold1hold back 跨躇,退缩；阻止,抑制2hold on 继续,掘住不放3hold on to 紧紧抓住,坚持4hold out 维持,支持；坚持,不屈服5hold up 举起,承载；阻挡,使停止；抢劫,拦截13.keep1keep an eye on 留意,照看2keep back 阻止,阻挡；隐瞒,保留3keep company with 与...交往,与...结伴4keep down 控制,压制,镇压；压低,放低声音5keep from 使...不做6keep house 管理家务,做家务7keep in touch 保持联系8keep off 不接近,避开9keep on 继续不断,保持10keep one's head 保持镇静11keep one's word 守信用12keep out of 躲开,置身...之外13keep to 坚持,保持14keep track 通晓事态,注意动向15keep up 保持,维持；继续进行,坚持16keep up with 向...看齐,跟上...14.look1look after 照管,照料2look at 看望,注视3look back 回顾,回头看4look down on 看不起,轻视5look for 寻找,寻求6look forward to 盼望,期待7look in 顺便看望8look into 调查,观察,过问,窥视9look on 帝观,观看；看待；视作10look out 留神,注意,提防,警惕11look over 检查,查看,调查12look through 仔细杳看,浏览,温习13look up 查阅,查考；寻找某人14look up to 尊敬,敬仰15.make1make a face 做鬼脸2make a/the difference 有影响,很重要3make believe 假装4make for 走向,驶向；有助于,有利于5make friends 交朋支,友好相处6make fun of 取笑；嘲弄7make one's way 前进,行进8make out 辨认,区分；理解,了解；开列,书写9make progress 进步10make sense 讲得通,有意义,言之有理11make sure 确认12make sure of/that 确信；确定,务必13make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理14make the most of 尽量利用15make up 构成,组成,拼凑；弥补16make up for 补偿,弥补17make up one's mind 下决心18make use of 利用19make way 开路,让路16.out of1out of 丧失,失去；缺乏,没有2out of breath 喘不过气来,上气不接下气3out of control 失去控制4out of danger 脱离危险5out of date 过时6out of doors 在户外7out of order 发生故障,失调8out of place 不得其所的,不适当的9out of practice 久不练习,荒疏10out of sight 看不见,在视野之外11out of step 步调不一致,不协调12out of touch 失去联系13out of work 失业17.put1put across 解释清楚,说明2put aside 储存,保留3put away 放好,收好；储存4put down 记下,放下；镇压,平定5put forward 提出6put in 驶进7put in for 申请8put in order 整理,检修9put into effect 实行,生效10put off 推迟,推延11put on 穿上,戴上；上演；增加体重12put out 熄灭,消灭,关灯；出版,发布；生产13put to use 使用,利用14put up 提出,举起,升起,提价；为...提供食宿,投宿,建造15put up with 容忍,忍受16put/bring into operation使投入生产,使运转18.run1run down 撞倒,停掉,撞沉；追捕,追2run for 竞选3run into 撞上,偶然碰见4run off 复印,打印5run out of 用完,用尽,耗尽6run over 溢出,满出；略读,略述；辗过,浏览,匆匆复习7run short 用完,耗尽19.set1set about 开始,着手2set aside 挑出,拨出,留出；拒绝3set back 推迟,延缓,阻碍4set down 卸下,放下,记下,记入5set fire to 点燃6set forth 阐明,陈述7set free 释放8set off 出发,动射,引起,使发生9set out 陈列,显示；动身,起程；制定10set out to 打算,着手11set up 创立,建立,树立；资助,扶持20.take1take ...for granted 认为...理所当然2take a chance 冒险一试3take advantage of 利用,趁...之机4take after 与...相像5take away 清除,清耗6take care of 照顾,照料；承担,处理,负责7take charge of 担任,负责8take delight in 以...为乐9take down 记下,写下10take effect 生效,起作用11take for 把...认为是,把...看成是12take in 接受,吸收；了解,理解；欺骗13take off 拿走,脱下；起飞14take on 呈现,具有,装出；接纳,承担,从事15take one's time 不急不忙,从容进行16take over 接管,接办17take pains 尽务,煞费苦心18take part in 参加19take place 发生,进行20take the place of 代替21take to 喜欢,亲近22take turns 轮流23take up 占去,占据；开始从事；拿起,接收24take...into account 考虑21.turn1turn down 关小,调低；拒绝,搌斥2turn in 交出,上缴；转身进入,拐入3turn into 变成4turn off 关掉,断开；拐弯,叉开5turn on 接通,打开6turn out 制造,生产；结果是；驱逐,使离开7turn over 翻过来,翻倒；移交;转交8turn to 变成；求助于,借助于9turn up 开大,调大；出现,来到,发生。

AA,anart.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件abandonv.放弃;抛弃abilityn.能力,智能;才能,才干ablea.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的able to inf. 能,会aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）abortionn.流产，夭折aboutad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近a.准备be about to+inf.即将aboveprep.在…上面,超过,高于a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面,以上above all首要,尤其abroadad.到国外,在国外;到处absencen.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有absenta.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的absolutea.绝对的,完全的absorbv.吸收;吸收,使专心be absorbed in专心于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂；陋习，弊端V 滥用，虐待，辱骂academica.学院的;学术的acceptv.接受,认可;同意,认可acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受,验收;承认,认可accessn.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方法have/gain access to可以获得accidentn.事故;意外的事,偶然的事by accident偶然accompanyv.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏accomplishv.完成according to按照,根据accountn.账（目,户）;叙述,说明v.说明,解释account for说明（原因等）on account of因为,由于take …into account考虑accuratea.精确的,准确的accusev.（of）控告,谴责accustomeda.惯常的,习惯的be accustomed to习惯于achev.痛n.疼痛,酸痛achievev.完成;达到,达成,获得achievementn. 完成;达到, ,获得acidn.酸a.酸的acquirev.取得,获得;学到acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔actv.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例actionn.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用activea.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的activistn.积极分子，活动分子actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的ActuallyAd.事实上ad=advertisementn.广告adaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写addv.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说add up to合计,总计additionn.(增)加,加法;附加(物)in addition另外in addition to除...之外addressn.地址,通讯处,致词v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话adequatea.足够的,充分的,恰当的v.毗连,靠近adjustv.调节,调整,校正)administrationn.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府admirev.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕admitv.让...进入,接纳;承认adoptv.采用,采纳,通过;收养adultn.成(年)人a.成年人的,已成熟的advancev.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前n.前进,进展;预付,预支in advance提前,预先advanceda. 高级的,先进的,前进的advantagen.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用adventuren.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇advertisev.做广告advertisementn.广告advicen.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见advisablen.可取的,适当的advisev.劝告,忠告;建议;通知v.提倡,鼓吹aeroplane/airplanen.飞机aerospacen.太空,宇宙空间affairn.事,事情,事件affectv.影响;感动affectionn.爱,慈爱,感情;影响affordv.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予afraida.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的African.非洲Africana.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在...后面conj.在...后ad.以后,后来afternoonn.下午,午后againad.又,再(次),重新againstprep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比agen.年龄;时期,时代v.变老,老化agoad.以前,...前agonyn.苦恼,痛苦agreev.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合agreementn.同意,一致;协定,协议agriculturen.农业aheadad.在前,向前,提前,前头ahead of在...前面,先于aidv.援助,救援,帮助n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备aimv.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对n.目标,目的airn.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风in the air在流行中,在传播中aircraftn.航空器,飞机airlinen.航线;航空公司airplanen.飞机airportn.机场,航空站alarmn.警报;惊恐,惊慌v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alikea.相同的,想像的alivea.活着着;活跃的,热闹的alla.所有的,全部的pron.一切,全部ad.完全,都,十分above all首要,尤其after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都all out全力以赴,竭尽全力all over遍及,到处all right行,可以;顺利,良好at all完全,根本in all总共,共计not at all一点也不allowv.允许,准许;承认;让...得到allow for考虑到allowancen.津贴,补助(费)make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅almostad.几乎,差不多alonea.单独,独立,独一无二的ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管let alone更不用说alongprep.沿着ad.向前along with与...一起aloudad.出声地,大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyad.已,已经alsoad.也,同样;而且,还alterv.改变,变更althoughconj.尽管,虽然,即使altogetherad.完全,全部地;总共;总之aluminum/aluminiumn.铝alwaysad.永远,始终;总是,一直amazev.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹amazinga.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的,ambitionn.雄心,野心ambitiousa.有雄心的,野心勃勃的ambulancen.救护车American.美洲;美国Americana.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的n.美国人;美国人among(st)prep.在…之中,在...中间amountn.数量,总额v.(to)合计,总共达,等于amusev.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣)analysisn.分析,分解analyze/analysev.分析,分解ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorn.锚v.抛锚,停泊ancienta.古代的,古老的andconj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又angeln.天使angern.(愤)怒,气愤v.使发怒,激怒anglen.角;角度,方面,观点angrya.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的animaln.动物,野兽,牲畜a.动物的,野兽的anklen.踝announcev.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到annoyv.使恼怒,使生气,打搅annuala.每年的,年度的n.年刊,年鉴anothera.另一,再一;别的,不同的pron.另一个,类似的一个one after another一个接一个one another互相answerv.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合n.回答,答复,答案antarctica.南极(区)的n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈)antennan.天线anxietyn.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望anxiousa.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的anya.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些ad.稍,丝毫anybodypron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物anyhowad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法anyone=anybodypron.任何人,无论谁anythingpron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事(物)anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不anyway=anyhowad.无论如何anywheread.在什么地方,无论哪里apart2ad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔apart from除去apologyn.道歉,歉意,认错apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器,装置apparenta.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的appealv.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉appearv.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛appearancen.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观appetiten.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求applen.苹果(树)appliancen.用具,器具appliantn.申请者applicationn.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用applyv.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用appointv.任命,委任;约定,指定appointmentn.任命,委任;约定,指定appreciatev.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识approachv.靠近,接近,邻近n.方法,途径;探讨appropriatea.(to)适当的,恰如其分的approvaln.赞成,同意;认可,批准approvev.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过approximatelyad.近似地,大约Apriln.四月Arabn.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯的Arabiann.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯(人)的archaeologyn.考古学architecturen.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学arctica.北极(区)的n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈arean.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域arguev.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服argumentn.争论,辨认;论据,论点arisev.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生arithmeticn.算术armn.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武装v.武装,装备armyn.军(队),陆军;大群aroundad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地arousev.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起arrangev.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备arrangementn.安排，准备工作；整理，布置arrestv./n.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物arrivev.到达,来到arrive at达到,得出arrown.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物artn.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科articlen.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词artificiala.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的artistn.艺术家,美术家artistica.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的asad.一样,同样conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管prep.作为,如同ashn.灰(烬)ashameda.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊Asian.亚洲Asiana.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人asidead.在旁边,到旁边aside from除...以外askv.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请asleepa.睡着的aspectn.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面assemblev.集合,集会,会议;装配assemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配assessv.估价,评价assetn. （pl.）资产，财产；有用的资源，宝贵的人/物；优点，益处assignv.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等)assignmentn.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assistv.帮助,援助,协助assistantn.助手,助教a.辅助的,助理的associatev.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行a.副的associationn.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想assumev.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现assurev.使确信,使放心;保证,担保astonishv.使惊讶,使吃惊astronautn.宇航员astronomyn.天文学atprep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的n.[the Atlantic]大西洋atmospheren.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位)atomn.原子;微粒,微量atomica.原子的，原子能的在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲词汇表第 3 页attachv.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋attached to附属于,隶属于attackv./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始n.(病)发作attemptv.尝试,试图n.(at)企图,努力attendv.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理attentionn.注意(力),留心;立正pay attentin to注意attituden.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势attorneyn.律师attractv.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等) attractionn.吸引,吸引力attractivea.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的attributen.属性,品质,特征v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为auctionn.拍卖vt.拍卖audiencen.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见audion./a.声音（的），听觉(的)；音频（的），音响（的）Augustn.八月auntn.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母Australian.澳大利亚,澳洲Australiana.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的n.澳大利亚人authorn.作者;创始人authorityn.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]当局,官方auton.汽车automaticn.自动机构a.自动的,无意识的,机械的automobilen.汽车autumnn.秋(季)auxiliarya.辅助的,补助的availablea.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的avenue n.林荫道,大街;途径,手段averagen.平均(数)a.平均的;通常的,一般的avoidv.避免,回避,逃避awakea.醒着的,警觉的v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到awardn.奖(品)v.授予,奖给awarea.(of)知道的,意识到的awayad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去right away立即,马上awfula.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的ad.十分,极度地awkwarda.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的ax/axen.斧(子)axisn.轴(线);构图中心线Bbabyn.婴儿,孩子bachelorn.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位)backn.背(面),后面a.后面的ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前v.后退;支持backgroundn.背景,经历backwarda.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向bacterium([pl.]bacteria)n.细菌bagn.袋,包baggagen.行李balancev.称,(使)平衡n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款balln.球,球状物;舞会balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bankn.岸,堤;银行,库v.存入银行bankern. 银行家bankrupta.破产的barn.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍barbern.理发师barea.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露bargainn.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交barkv.吠叫,咆哮n.吠声,狗叫声barreln.桶;枪管,炮管barriern.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)basen.基础,底部;基地,根据地v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据baseballn.棒球basementn.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basica.基本的,基础的Basicallyad.基本地，根本地basinn.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basisn.基础,根据on the basis of根据,在...的基础上basketn.篮(子),篓basketballn.篮球bathn.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡batteryn.电池(组);炮兵连,炮组battlen.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bev.(就)是,等于;(存)在;到达,来到,发生beachn.海滩,湖滩,河滩beamn.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑;发光4beann.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bearn.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担,负荷;结果实,生子女beardn.胡须beastn.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beatn.敲打,敲击声,节拍;(心脏等)跳动,搏动v.打,敲;打败,战胜;(心脏等)跳动,搏动beautifula.美(好)的beautyn.美(丽);美人,美丽的东西becauseconj.因为becomev.成为,变得;适宜,同...相称bedn.床(位);苗床,圃,花坛;河床,矿床,海底been.(蜜)蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeprep.在…以前;在...前面,当着...的面conj.在...之前ad.前面,从前,早些时候begv.乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求beggarn.乞丐，穷人beginv.开始beginningn.开始,开端behalfn.利益on behalf of代表,为了behavev.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior/behaviourn.行为,举止;(机器的)特性behindprep.在…后面,落后于ad.在后,向后,落后beingn.生物,人;存在,生存beliefn.信仰,信条;相信,信念believev.(in)相信,信仰;认为bell n.钟,铃belongv.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)beloveda./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人belowprep.在...下面,在...以下ad.在下面,向下beltn.(皮)带,腰带;地带benchn.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneathprep.在…下边,在...之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefitn.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benta.弯曲的besideprep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比besidesprep.除...之外ad.而且,还有besta.最好的ad.最,最好(地)betv.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注bettera.较好的,更好的ad.更好(地)v.改良,改善n.较佳者,较优者betweenprep.在(两者)之间ad.当中,中间beyondprep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出ad.在那边,在远处Biblen.圣经bicyclen.自行车bidv.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标biga.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的biken.自行车billn.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billionnum./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿bindv.捆,绑,包括,束缚biographyn.传记biologyn.生物学birdn.鸟,禽birthn.出生,分娩;出身,血统birthdayn. 生日biscuitn.饼干,点心bitn.一点,一片,一些bitev./n.咬,叮n.一口bittera.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的blacka.黑(色)的,黑暗的n.黑人,黑色blackboardn.黑板bladen. 刀刃，刀片；叶片；翼blamev.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blanka.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的n.空白;表格blanketn.毛毯,毯子blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛声v.爆炸,爆破bleedv.出血,流血blinda.瞎的;盲目的v.使失明;蒙蔽n.百叶窗blockn.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁bloodn.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质bloomn.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blowv.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆炸,爆裂在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲词汇表第 5 页n.打,殴打,一击,打击bluea.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的n.蓝色boardn.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷v.上船(车,飞机)on board在船(车,飞机)上boastv.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boatn.小船,艇bodyn.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boilv.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)bolda.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的boltn.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bombn.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bookn.书(籍);卷,篇,册v.预定,订(票,房间等)boomv.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bootn.(长统)靴boothn.电话亭,货摊bordern.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近borev.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦n.讨厌的人,麻烦事boringa.令人厌烦的n. 钻孔borna. 出生的；天生的，生来的n.(心)胸borrowvt. 借，借用bossn.工头,老板,上司v.指挥,支配,发号施令bothpron.二者,双方a.两,双both...and既...又...,两个都botherv.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心n.麻烦bottlen.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottomn.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床boundv./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正在)到...去的,开往...的boundaryn.分界线,边界bowv./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowln.碗(状物),钵boxn.箱(子),盒(子);包厢v.拳击,打耳光boxingn. 拳击boyn.男孩;男服务员,男仆brainn.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能brakev./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branchn.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,支脉,支线brandn.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印bravea.勇敢的breadn.面包breadthn.宽度,幅breakv.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反n.打断,中止;休息时间breakdownn.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌breakfastn.早饭,早餐v.吃早饭breastn.胸膛,乳房breathn.呼吸,气息breathev.呼吸,吸入breedv.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养n.品种,种类breezen.微风,和风brickn.砖(状物)briden.新娘bridgen.桥(梁)v.架桥,建桥briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报brighta.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的brillianta.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的bringv.带来,拿来;引起,导致Britisha.不列颠的;英国(人)的brittlea.易碎的,脆(弱)的broada.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的bronzen.青铜(色),青铜制品brothern.兄弟;同胞;教友brown.眉(毛);额browsev./n.浏览brownn./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)brushn.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过bubblen.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucketn.水桶,吊桶budgetn.预算v.做预算buildv.造,建筑,建设,建立build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼buildingn.建筑(物),房屋,大楼bulkn.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块in bulk散装;大批,大量bulletn.子弹,枪弹bunchn.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundlen.捆,包,束burdenn.担子,负担,重担bureaun.署,局,司,处burnv.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤6n.烧伤,灼伤burn out烧掉burstv.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作n.突然破裂,爆发buryv.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖busn.公共汽车trolley 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on请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发展;出场,上演come out出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局是;被解出come round/around来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through经历,脱险come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原come true实现,达到come up走近,上来;发生,被提出come up to达到,符合come up with提出,提供comfortn.舒适,安逸;安慰,慰问v.安慰,使舒适comfortablea.舒适的,自在的commandn.命令,指令;统帅,指挥(权);掌握,运用能力v.命令;指挥,统帅commandern.司令官，指挥官commentn.注释,评论,意见v.(on)注释,评论commercen.商业,贸易commerciala.商业的,商务的,贸易的commissionn.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费commitv.把...交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事)committeen.委员会,全体委员commodity在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲词汇表第9 页n.商品,物品commona.普通的,平常的;(to)共同的,公共的in common共用,共有,共同communicatev.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话communicationn.通讯,传达,传送,交流;[pl.]通讯系统;[pl.]交通(工具)communismn.共产主义communista.共产主义的communityn.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体companionn.同伴,共事者;伴侣companyn.公司,商号;陪伴,同伴;宾客,客人;连(队),(一)群,(一)队,(一)伙keep company with与...交往,与...结伴comparablea.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的comparativea.比较的,相当的comparev.(with,to)比较,相比,对比;比作compare...to把...比作comparisonn.比较,对比,比喻,比拟by comparison比较起来compelv.强迫,迫使compensatev.(for)补偿,赔偿competev.比赛;竞争competenta.有能力的,胜任的competitionn.比赛;竞争competitorn.竞争者,敌手complainv.(about,of)抱怨;申诉complaintn.抱怨,诉苦;申诉;疾病completea.完全的,圆满的v.完成,结束,使完满complexa.复杂的;合成的,综合的n.联合体complicateda.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的complicationn.复杂,纠纷;并发症componentn.组成部分,成分,元件,部件a.组成的,合成的composev.组成,构成;(of)由...组成;创作(作曲,诗歌等)composern.作曲家;创作者compositionn.作品,作文,乐曲;写作,作曲;结构,组成,成分compoundn.混合物,化合物a.混合的,化合的,复合的comprehensiona.理解(力),领悟computern.计算机,电脑;计算者concealv.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽concentratev.(on)集中,专心;浓缩n.浓缩物concentrationn.专注，专心；集中；浓度conceptn.概念,观念,思想concernv.涉及,关系到v./n.关心,挂念n.(利害)关系as/so far as...be concerned就...来说be concened with关心,挂念,从事于concertn.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致concludev.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定conclusionn.结束,终结;结论,推论in conclusion最后,总之concretea.具体的,有形的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑,浇混凝土condemnv.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪conditionn.状况,状态;[pl.]环境,形势,条件on condition that在...条件下conditionern.调节装置，空调conductn.行为,举动,品行v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,电等)conductionn.传导conductorn.领队,(乐队)指挥;(电车等的)售票员,列车员;导体,导线conferencen.会议,讨论会confidencen.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密confidentn.(of,in)确信的,自信的confirmv.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认,批准conflictn.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突confusev.使混乱,混淆confusionn.混乱,混淆congratulatev.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词congratulationn.(on)祝贺,[pl.]祝贺词congressn.(代表)大会;[Congress](美国等国的)国会,议会connectv.(with)连接,连结connection/connexionn.联系,连接conquerv.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等)consciencen.良心,良知consciousa.(of)意识到的,自觉的;有意识的,神志清醒的conservevt..保存,保护,节约;守恒,不灭considerv.认为,把...看作;考虑,细想;体谅,照顾considerablea.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的consideratea.考虑周到的,体谅的considerationn.需要考虑的事,理由;考虑,思考;体谅,照顾consistv.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由…组成,由...构成consequentadj.作为结果的，随之发生的constanta.经常的,不断的;坚定的,永恒的,忠实的n.常数,恒量n.成分,要素constructv.建设,建造,构造;创立consultv.与...商量,请教;查阅;(with)商量,商议consultantn.会诊医师,顾问医生;顾问consumev.消费,消费,耗尽consumern.消费者,用户contactv./n.(使)接触,联系,交往contain10。

GCT考试英语词汇表AA,anart.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件abandonv.放弃;抛弃abilityn.能力,智能;才能,才干ablea.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的able to inf. 能,会aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）abortionn.流产，夭折aboutad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近a.准备be about to+inf.即将aboveprep.在…上面,超过,高于a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面,以上above all首要,尤其abroadad.到国外,在国外;到处absencen.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有absenta.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的absolutea.绝对的,完全的absorbv.吸收;吸收,使专心be absorbed in专心于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂；陋习，弊端V 滥用，虐待，辱骂academica.学院的;学术的acceptv.接受,认可;同意,认可acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受,验收;承认,认可accessn.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方法have/gain access to可以获得accidentn.事故;意外的事,偶然的事by accident偶然accompanyv.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏accomplish v.完成according to按照,根据accountn.账（目,户）;叙述,说明v.说明,解释account for说明（原因等）on account of因为,由于take …into account考虑accuratea.精确的,准确的accusev.（of）控告,谴责accustomeda.惯常的,习惯的be accustomed to习惯于achev.痛n.疼痛,酸痛achievev.完成;达到,达成,获得achievementn. 完成;达到, ,获得acidn.酸a.酸的acquirev.取得,获得;学到acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔actv.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例actionn.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用activea.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的activistn.积极分子，活动分子actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的ActuallyAd.事实上ad=advertisementn.广告adaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写addv.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说add up to合计,总计additionn.(增)加,加法;附加(物)in addition另外in addition to除...之外addressn.地址,通讯处,致词v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话adequatea.足够的,充分的,恰当的v.毗连,靠近adjustv.调节,调整,校正)administrationn.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府admirev.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕admitv.让...进入,接纳;承认adoptv.采用,采纳,通过;收养adultn.成(年)人a.成年人的,已成熟的advancev.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前n.前进,进展;预付,预支in advance提前,预先advanceda. 高级的,先进的,前进的advantagen.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用adventuren.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇advertisev.做广告advertisementn.广告advicen.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见advisablen.可取的,适当的advisev.劝告,忠告;建议;通知v.提倡,鼓吹aeroplane/airplanen.飞机aerospacen.太空,宇宙空间affairn.事,事情,事件affectv.影响;感动affectionn.爱,慈爱,感情;影响affordv.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予afraida.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的African.非洲Africana.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在...后面conj.在...后ad.以后,后来afternoonn.下午,午后againad.又,再(次),重新againstprep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比agen.年龄;时期,时代v.变老,老化agoad.以前,...前agonyn.苦恼,痛苦agreev.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合agreementn.同意,一致;协定,协议agriculturen.农业aheadad.在前,向前,提前,前头ahead of在...前面,先于aidv.援助,救援,帮助n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备aimv.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对n.目标,目的airn.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风in the air在流行中,在传播中aircraftn.航空器,飞机airlinen.航线;航空公司airplanen.飞机airportn.机场,航空站alarmn.警报;惊恐,惊慌v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alikea.相同的,想像的alivea.活着着;活跃的,热闹的alla.所有的,全部的pron.一切,全部ad.完全,都,十分above all首要,尤其after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都all out全力以赴,竭尽全力all over遍及,到处all right行,可以;顺利,良好at all完全,根本in all总共,共计not at all一点也不allowv.允许,准许;承认;让...得到allow for考虑到allowancen.津贴,补助(费)make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅almostad.几乎,差不多alonea.单独,独立,独一无二的ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管let alone更不用说alongprep.沿着ad.向前along with与...一起aloudad.出声地,大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyad.已,已经alsoad.也,同样;而且,还alterv.改变,变更althoughconj.尽管,虽然,即使altogetherad.完全,全部地;总共;总之aluminum/aluminiumn.铝alwaysad.永远,始终;总是,一直amazev.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹amazinga.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的,ambitionn.雄心,野心ambitiousa.有雄心的,野心勃勃的ambulancen.救护车American.美洲;美国Americana.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的n.美国人;美国人among(st)prep.在…之中,在...中间amountn.数量,总额v.(to)合计,总共达,等于amusev.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣)analysisn.分析,分解analyze/analysev.分析,分解ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorn.锚v.抛锚,停泊ancienta.古代的,古老的andconj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又angeln.天使angern.(愤)怒,气愤v.使发怒,激怒anglen.角;角度,方面,观点angrya.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的animaln.动物,野兽,牲畜a.动物的,野兽的anklen.踝announcev.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到annoyv.使恼怒,使生气,打搅annuala.每年的,年度的n.年刊,年鉴anothera.另一,再一;别的,不同的pron.另一个,类似的一个one after another一个接一个one another互相answerv.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合n.回答,答复,答案antarctica.南极(区)的n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈)antennan.天线anxietyn.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望anxiousa.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的anya.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些ad.稍,丝毫anybodypron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物anyhowad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法anyone=anybodypron.任何人,无论谁anythingpron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事(物)anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不anyway=anyhowad.无论如何anywheread.在什么地方,无论哪里apartad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔apart from除去apologyn.道歉,歉意,认错apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器,装置apparenta.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的appealv.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉appearv.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛appearancen.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观appetiten.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求applen.苹果(树)appliancen.用具,器具appliantn.申请者applicationn.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用applyv.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用appointv.任命,委任;约定,指定appointmentn.任命,委任;约定,指定appreciatev.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识approachv.靠近,接近,邻近n.方法,途径;探讨appropriatea.(to)适当的,恰如其分的approvaln.赞成,同意;认可,批准approvev.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过approximatelyad.近似地,大约Apriln.四月Arabn.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯的Arabiann.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯(人)的archaeologyn.考古学architecturen.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学arctica.北极(区)的n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈arean.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域arguev.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服argumentn.争论,辨认;论据,论点arisev.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生arithmeticn.算术armn.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武装v.武装,装备armyn.军(队),陆军;大群aroundad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地arousev.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起arrangev.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备arrangementn.安排，准备工作；整理，布置arrestv./n.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物arrivev.到达,来到arrive at达到,得出arrown.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物artn.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科articlen.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词artificiala.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的artistn.艺术家,美术家artistica.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的asad.一样,同样conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管prep.作为,如同ashn.灰(烬)ashameda.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊Asian.亚洲Asiana.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人asidead.在旁边,到旁边aside from除...以外askv.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请asleepa.睡着的aspectn.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面assemblev.集合,集会,会议;装配assemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配assessv.估价,评价assetn. （pl.）资产，财产；有用的资源，宝贵的人/物；优点，益处assignv.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等)assignmentn.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assistv.帮助,援助,协助assistantn.助手,助教a.辅助的,助理的associatev.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行a.副的associationn.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想assumev.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现assurev.使确信,使放心;保证,担保astonishv.使惊讶,使吃惊astronautn.宇航员astronomyn.天文学atprep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的n.[the Atlantic]大西洋atmospheren.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位)atomn.原子;微粒,微量atomica.原子的，原子能的attachv.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋attached to附属于,隶属于attackv./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始n.(病)发作attemptv.尝试,试图n.(at)企图,努力attendv.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理attentionn.注意(力),留心;立正pay attentin to注意attituden.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势attorneyn.律师attractv.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等) attractionn.吸引,吸引力attractivea.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的attributen.属性,品质,特征v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为auctionn.拍卖vt.拍卖audiencen.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见audion./a.声音（的），听觉(的)；音频（的），音响（的）Augustn.八月auntn.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母Australian.澳大利亚,澳洲Australiana.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的n.澳大利亚人authorn.作者;创始人authorityn.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]当局,官方auton.汽车automaticn.自动机构a.自动的,无意识的,机械的automobilen.汽车autumnn.秋(季)auxiliarya.辅助的,补助的availablea.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的avenuen.林荫道,大街;途径,手段averagen.平均(数)a.平均的;通常的,一般的avoidv.避免,回避,逃避awakea.醒着的,警觉的v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到awardn.奖(品)v.授予,奖给awarea.(of)知道的,意识到的awayad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去right away立即,马上awfula.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的ad.十分,极度地awkwarda.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的ax/axen.斧(子)axisn.轴(线);构图中心线Bbabyn.婴儿,孩子bachelorn.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位)backn.背(面),后面a.后面的ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前v.后退;支持backgroundn.背景,经历backwarda.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向bacterium([pl.]bacteria)n.细菌bagn.袋,包baggagen.行李balancev.称,(使)平衡n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款balln.球,球状物;舞会balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bankn.岸,堤;银行,库v.存入银行bankern. 银行家bankrupta.破产的barn.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍barbern.理发师barea.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露bargainn.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交barkv.吠叫,咆哮n.吠声,狗叫声barreln.桶;枪管,炮管barriern.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)basen.基础,底部;基地,根据地v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据baseballn.棒球basementn.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basica.基本的,基础的Basicallyad.基本地，根本地basinn.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basisn.基础,根据on the basis of根据,在...的基础上basketn.篮(子),篓basketballn.篮球bathn.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡batteryn.电池(组);炮兵连,炮组battlen.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bev.(就)是,等于;(存)在;到达,来到,发生beachn.海滩,湖滩,河滩beamn.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑;发光beann.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bearn.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担,负荷;结果实,生子女beardn.胡须beastn.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beatn.敲打,敲击声,节拍;(心脏等)跳动,搏动v.打,敲;打败,战胜;(心脏等)跳动,搏动beautifula.美(好)的beautyn.美(丽);美人,美丽的东西becauseconj.因为becomev.成为,变得;适宜,同...相称bedn.床(位);苗床,圃,花坛;河床,矿床,海底been.(蜜)蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeprep.在…以前;在...前面,当着...的面conj.在...之前ad.前面,从前,早些时候begv.乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求beggar n.乞丐，穷人beginv.开始beginningn.开始,开端behalfn.利益on behalf of代表,为了behavev.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior/behaviourn.行为,举止;(机器的)特性behindprep.在…后面,落后于ad.在后,向后,落后beingn.生物,人;存在,生存beliefn.信仰,信条;相信,信念believev.(in)相信,信仰;认为belln.钟,铃belongv.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)beloveda./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人belowprep.在...下面,在...以下ad.在下面,向下beltn.(皮)带,腰带;地带benchn.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneathprep.在…下边,在...之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefitn.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benta.弯曲的besideprep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比besidesprep.除...之外ad.而且,还有besta.最好的ad.最,最好(地)betv.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注bettera.较好的,更好的ad.更好(地)v.改良,改善n.较佳者,较优者betweenprep.在(两者)之间ad.当中,中间beyondprep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出ad.在那边,在远处Biblen.圣经bicyclen.自行车bidv.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标biga.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的biken.自行车billn.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billionnum./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿bindv.捆,绑,包括,束缚biographyn.传记biologyn.生物学birdn.鸟,禽birthn.出生,分娩;出身,血统birthdayn. 生日biscuitn.饼干,点心bitn.一点,一片,一些bitev./n.咬,叮n.一口bittera.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的blacka.黑(色)的,黑暗的n.黑人,黑色blackboardn.黑板bladen. 刀刃，刀片；叶片；翼blamev.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blanka.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的n.空白;表格blanketn.毛毯,毯子blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛声v.爆炸,爆破bleedv.出血,流血blinda.瞎的;盲目的v.使失明;蒙蔽n.百叶窗blockn.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁bloodn.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质bloomn.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blowv.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆炸,爆裂n.打,殴打,一击,打击bluea.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的n.蓝色boardn.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷v.上船(车,飞机)on board在船(车,飞机)上boastv.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boatn.小船,艇bodyn.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boilv.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)bolda.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的boltn.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bombn.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bookn.书(籍);卷,篇,册v.预定,订(票,房间等)boomv.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bootn.(长统)靴boothn.电话亭,货摊bordern.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近borev.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦n.讨厌的人,麻烦事boringa.令人厌烦的n. 钻孔borna. 出生的；天生的，生来的n.(心)胸borrowvt. 借，借用bossn.工头,老板,上司v.指挥,支配,发号施令bothpron.二者,双方a.两,双both...and既...又...,两个都botherv.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心n.麻烦bottlen.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottomn.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床boundv./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正在)到...去的,开往...的boundaryn.分界线,边界bowv./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowln.碗(状物),钵boxn.箱(子),盒(子);包厢v.拳击,打耳光boxingn. 拳击boyn.男孩;男服务员,男仆brainn.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能brakev./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branchn.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,支脉,支线brandn.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印bravea.勇敢的breadn.面包breadthn.宽度,幅breakv.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反n.打断,中止;休息时间breakdownn.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌breakfastn.早饭,早餐v.吃早饭breastn.胸膛,乳房breathn.呼吸,气息breathev.呼吸,吸入breedv.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养n.品种,种类breezen.微风,和风brickn.砖(状物)briden.新娘bridgen.桥(梁)v.架桥,建桥briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报brighta.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的brillianta.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的bringv.带来,拿来;引起,导致Britisha.不列颠的;英国(人)的brittlea.易碎的,脆(弱)的broada.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的bronzen.青铜(色),青铜制品brothern.兄弟;同胞;教友brown.眉(毛);额browsev./n.浏览brownn./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)brushn.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过bubblen.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucketn.水桶,吊桶budgetn.预算v.做预算buildv.造,建筑,建设,建立build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼buildingn.建筑(物),房屋,大楼bulkn.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块in bulk散装;大批,大量bulletn.子弹,枪弹bunchn.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundlen.捆,包,束burdenn.担子,负担,重担bureaun.署,局,司,处burnv.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤n.烧伤,灼伤burn out烧掉burstv.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作n.突然破裂,爆发buryv.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖busn.公共汽车trolley bus无轨电车bushn.灌木(从)businessn.商业,生意;事务,业务,职责on business因公,因事busya.忙的,繁忙的;(with)忙于...的v.使忙于butconj.可是,但是,而;除...外prep.除...外ad.只,仅仅,不过but for除...以外,倘没有,除非butchern.屠夫,卖肉者buttern.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于...上butterflyn.蝴蝶buttonn.纽扣,按钮(开关)v.扣紧;扣上纽扣buyv.(购)买n.购买,买卖byprep.在...旁,靠近;被,由;经,沿,通过;不迟于,到...时为止;根据,按照;[表示方法,手段]靠,用,通过ad.在近旁,经过byeint. 再见CCabn.出租车cabbagen.洋白菜,卷心菜cabinn.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋cabinetn.橱柜;内阁cablen.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报cagen.鸟笼caken.饼,(蛋)糕calciumn. 钙calculatevt. 计算，推算；估计，推测；计划，打算calculatorn. 计算器calendarn.日历,月历calln.叫喊,呼声;(电话)通话v.叫(喊),招呼;把...叫做,称...为;(on,at)访问,拜访;打电话calma.(天气,海洋等)静的,平静的;镇静的,沉着的n.平静,风平浪静v.(使)平静;(使)镇定cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机,摄影机campn.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营campaignn.战役;运动campusn.(大学)校园canaux.v.能,会;可以;可能n.罐头v.装罐头Canadiana.加拿大的n.加拿大人canaln.运河;(沟)渠cancelv.取消,把...作废;删去,划掉cancern.癌candidaten.候选人,候补者;报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果n.帆布;油画布,油画capn.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套v.覆盖于...顶端capabilityn. 能力，才能；性能，容量capablea.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以...的,能...的capacityn.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力capitaln.首都,首府;大写字母;资本,资金a.首位的,最重要的,基本的captainn.首领,队长;船长;上尉v.做...的首领,指挥capturev./n.捕获,俘虏v.夺得,攻占carn.车(辆),汽车;(火车)车厢carbonn.碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳cardn.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片ID card身份证credit card信用卡caren.小心,谨慎,注意;关怀,操心,照料v.(about)关心,介意,计较careern.生涯,经历;专业,职业carefula.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的cargon.船货,货物carpetn.地毯carriagen.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢carriern.搬运人;载体carrotn.胡罗卜carryv.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带cartoonn.漫画,幽默画;动画片casen.箱,盒,容器;情况,事实;病例;案件in any case无论如何,总之in case假如,以防(万一),免得in case of假使,万一in no case决不cashn.现金,现款v.兑现,付(或收)现款castv.投,扔,掷,抛;铸造n.演员表castlen.城堡casuala.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的catn.猫catalog/cataloguen.目录(册)v.编目(录)catchv.捕捉,捕获;赶上;感染;理解,听到categoryn.种类,类目catchvt.捕，捉；赶上；感染，染上病；听清楚cattlen.牛;牲口,家畜causen.原因,理由;事业,事件,奋斗目标v.使产生,引起caven.洞,穴ceilingn.天花板celebratev.庆祝celln.细胞;小房间;蜂房;电池Celsiusa.摄氏的cementn.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强centn.分(币);百per cent百分之center/centren.中心(区),中央v.集中centigraden./a.摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的) centimetre/centimetren.厘米centrala.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的centuryn.世纪,(一)百年ceremonyn.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪certaina.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的certificaten.证(明)书,执照chainn.链(条);[pl.]镣铐;一连串,一系列,连锁v.用链条拴住chairn.椅子;主席(职位)chairmann.主席,议长,会长,董事长challengen.挑战(书);艰巨任务,难题v.向...挑战chambern.房间,室championn.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士chancen.机会;可能性,或然性;偶然性,运气v.碰巧,偶然发生changen.改变,变化;零钱,找头v.更换,调换,交换,互换;改变,变化channeln.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径chaptern.章(节),回charactern.性格,品质,特性,特征;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字characteristica.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性characterize/characterisev.表示...的特性;描述...特性chargev.索(价),要(人)支付,收费;控告,指控;充电n.[pl.]费用,代价;电荷,负荷in charge (of)负责,主管take charge of担任,负责chartn.图,图表chasev./n.追逐,追求chatv./n.闲谈,聊天cheapa.便宜的;低劣的,不值钱的cheatv.欺骗;作弊n.骗子;欺诈,欺骗行为checkv.检查,核对;制止,控制;(凭票)托运或寄存n.(=cheque)检查,核对;方格图案,格子织物check/chequen.支票cheekn.面颊,脸cheerv.(使)振奋,(使)高兴v./n.喝彩,欢呼cheerfula.愉快的,高兴的cheesen.干酪,乳酪chemicala.化学的n.[pl.]化学制品,化学药品chemistn.化学家;药剂师chemistryn.化学cheque/checkn.支票,空白支票;总收入chessn.棋chestn.胸腔,胸膛;箱,柜chewv.咀嚼;思量chickenn.小鸡,小鸟;鸡(肉)chiefa.主要的,首要的n.首领,领袖child([pl.]children)n.小孩,儿童,儿女childhoodn.幼年,童年chilln.寒冷,寒气,寒战v.使寒冷chillya.寒冷的chimneyn.烟囱chinn.下巴,颏chinan.瓷器Chinan.中国Chinesen.中国人;中国话;中文,汉语a.中国(人)的,中国话的,汉语的chipn.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块chocolaten.巧克力(糖),赭色choicen.选择(机会),抉择;供选择的种类,选择项;入选者,精华a.精选的,上等的,优等的choosev.选择,挑选;甘愿chopv.砍,劈,斩n.排骨,肉块Christiann.基督教徒a.基督教徒的Christmasn.圣诞节churchn.教堂;[C-]教会cigarette/cigaretn.香烟,纸烟,卷烟cineman.电影院;电影,影片circlen.圆,圆周;圈子,集团;周期,循环v.环绕,旋转circuitn.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路circulara.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的n.传单,通报circulatev.(使)循环,(使)流通circumstancen.[pl.]情况,形势,环境;经济情形,境况citizenn.公民;市民,居民cityn.城市,都市civila.公民的,市民的;国内的,民间的;民用的;有礼貌的,文明的;文职的civilization/civilisationn.文明,文化civilize/civilisev.使文明,开化claimv.要求;声称,主张;索赔n.要求;主张,断言;索赔;权利,要求权,所有权clarifyv.澄清,阐明clarityn.清晰,明晰classn.班级,年级;(一节)课;阶级,阶层;等级,类别v.把...分类(或分等)classicn.[pl.]杰作,名著a.第一流的,不朽的,古典的classicala.经典的,古典(文学)的classificationn.分类,分级classifyv.分类,分等(级)classmaten.同班同学classroomn.教室,课堂clausen.(正式文件或法律文件的)条款;从句,分句clawn.爪,脚爪clayn.粘土,泥土cleana.清洁的,干净的;洁白的v.打扫,使干净cleara.清晰的,明白的;清朗的;清澈的,明亮的;畅通的,无阻的ad.清楚地,清晰地,明白地v.澄清,清除,扫清;使清澈,使清楚变晴clerkn.职员,办事员;店员clevera.聪明的,伶俐的,机敏的,精巧的Clickn. 一击clientn.顾客;(诉讼)委托人cliffn.悬崖;峭壁climaten.气候;风气,社会思潮climbv./n.攀登,爬clingv.(to)粘住;依附;坚持clinicn.诊所clinicala. 门诊的，临床的clockn.钟clonen.克隆v.克隆coden.代码，代号，密码，编码closev.关,闭;结束,了结n.结束,了结a.(to)近的,接近的;关闭着的;秘密的,不公开的;严密的,紧密的ad.接近地,紧密地clothn.(一块)布,织物,衣料clothev.(给…)穿衣,供给...衣服clothesn.衣服clothingn.服装,被褥cloudn.云(状物);遮暗物,阴影;一大群cloudya.多云的,阴(天)的;混浊的,模糊的clubn.俱乐部,夜总会;社团;棍棒,球棒cluen.线索,暗示coachn.(铁路)客车,长途汽车,大客车;辅导员,教练,私人教师v.教练,辅导,指导coaln.煤,煤块coarsea.粗糙的,粗劣的;粗鲁的,粗俗的coastn.海岸,海滨coatn.外套,上衣;皮毛,表皮,涂层v.涂上,盖上,包上cockn.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关coden.代码,代号,密码;法典,法规,规划coffeen.咖啡(色)coilv.卷,盘绕n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组coinn.硬币,货币v.铸造(硬币),创造(新词)colda.寒冷的;冷淡的n.感冒;寒冷collapsev./n.倒坍,崩溃,垮台collarn.衣领;环状物colleaguen.同事,同僚collectv.收集,搜集;领取,接走;收(税等);聚集,堆积collectionn.收藏(品),收集(物)collectiven.集体a.集体的,共同的collegen.学院,高等专科学校,大学collidev.碰撞,冲突;(with)抵触collisionn.碰撞,冲突colonyn.殖民地color/colourn.颜色,彩色;颜料;肤色v.给...着色,染colorfula. 多彩；丰富多彩的columnn.圆柱,柱状物;列;(报刊中的)专栏combinationn.结合,联合,合并;化合(物)combinev.(with)(使)结合,联合;(使)化合comev.来,来到;出现于,产生;是,成为;开始,终于come off实现,成功,奏效come on请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发展;出场,上演come out出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局是;被解出come round/around来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through经历,脱险come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原come true实现,达到come up走近,上来;发生,被提出come up to达到,符合come up with提出,提供comfortn.舒适,安逸;安慰,慰问v.安慰,使舒适comfortablea.舒适的,自在的commandn.命令,指令;统帅,指挥(权);掌握,运用能力v.命令;指挥,统帅commandern.司令官，指挥官commentn.注释,评论,意见v.(on)注释,评论commercen.商业,贸易commerciala.商业的,商务的,贸易的commissionn.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费commitv.把...交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事)committeen.委员会,全体委员commodityn.商品,物品commona.普通的,平常的;(to)共同的,公共的in common共用,共有,共同communicatev.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话communicationn.通讯,传达,传送,交流;[pl.]通讯系统;[pl.]交通(工具)communismn.共产主义communista.共产主义的communityn.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体companionn.同伴,共事者;伴侣companyn.公司,商号;陪伴,同伴;宾客,客人;连(队),(一)群,(一)队,(一)伙keep company with与...交往,与...结伴comparablea.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的comparativea.比较的,相当的comparev.(with,to)比较,相比,对比;比作compare...to把...比作comparisonn.比较,对比,比喻,比拟by comparison比较起来compelv.强迫,迫使compensatev.(for)补偿,赔偿competev.比赛;竞争competenta.有能力的,胜任的competitionn.比赛;竞争competitorn.竞争者,敌手complainv.(about,of)抱怨;申诉complaintn.抱怨,诉苦;申诉;疾病completea.完全的,圆满的v.完成,结束,使完满complexa.复杂的;合成的,综合的n.联合体complicateda.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的complicationn.复杂,纠纷;并发症componentn.组成部分,成分,元件,部件a.组成的,合成的composev.组成,构成;(of)由...组成;创作(作曲,诗歌等)composern.作曲家;创作者compositionn.作品,作文,乐曲;写作,作曲;结构,组成,成分compoundn.混合物,化合物a.混合的,化合的,复合的comprehensiona.理解(力),领悟computern.计算机,电脑;计算者concealv.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽concentratev.(on)集中,专心;浓缩n.浓缩物concentrationn.专注，专心；集中；浓度conceptn.概念,观念,思想concernv.涉及,关系到v./n.关心,挂念n.(利害)关系as/so far as...be concerned就...来说be concened with关心,挂念,从事于concertn.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致concludev.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定conclusionn.结束,终结;结论,推论in conclusion最后,总之concretea.具体的,有形的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑,浇混凝土condemnv.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪conditionn.状况,状态;[pl.]环境,形势,条件on condition that在...条件下conditionern.调节装置，空调conductn.行为,举动,品行v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,电等)conductionn.传导conductorn.领队,(乐队)指挥;(电车等的)售票员,列车员;导体,导线conferencen.会议,讨论会confidencen.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密confidentn.(of,in)确信的,自信的confirmv.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认,批准conflictn.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突confusev.使混乱,混淆confusionn.混乱,混淆congratulatev.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词congratulationn.(on)祝贺,[pl.]祝贺词congressn.(代表)大会;[Congress](美国等国的)国会,议会connectv.(with)连接,连结connection/connexionn.联系,连接conquerv.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等)consciencen.良心,良知conscious。

MBA中高级商务英语单词表MBA中高级商务英语单词表Preliminary 初步的scale up 增长work on = to prepare a phase = stage on a small scale up to date = informed where we stand = what the position is campaign 活动colleagues 同事a series of present 现在的literature 文献，文学original 原始的to run = do。

encouraging令人鼓舞的tooling 工具promotion literature = leaflets 传单media coverage 媒体报告be due to 因为，由于trial 尝试ridiculous荒谬的, 可笑的maximise把...增加到最大限度, 尽量增大Fellow managers 同事supervisory管理的, 监控的as specified 按规定receptive愿意接受的enthusiastic热情的, 热心的audience 观众terminal 终端rarely 极少emphasise 强调temporary暂时的,临时的momentary短暂的physical configuration 硬件central server predominantly 主要的to access 存取striking 显著的，突出的to track down 发现printout打印输出icons [计算机] 图标,图符clerical抄写员的survey 调查constantly 经常的secretary 秘书Forecast 预测quarterly 季度的to clear = reach stock level库存量to reckon 估计recession 不景气，后退to bottom out 达到最低点boom 急速增长perfume 香水definitely 肯定的predict 预测的materialize 具体化involve 忙于budget 节省开支Assertive 自信心submissive 服从的，谦虚的facilities 设备is settle for 经过争辩后确定的delegate 代表to sort out 整理，选出arrange 安排trade fair 贸易会Conformist 顺从superficial 肤浅的understate 缩小overstate 夸大genuine 诚恳的vital 至关重要的maverick 标新立异的obvious 现成的corporate 全体的pool 集中morale 士气home-grown 自产的memo 备忘录let’s get down to business言归正传safe decision 妥当决定candidate 候选人I look at it from the corporate point of view 我从公司的角度看dead right 绝对正确motivation 动机potential 潜能board 董事会appointment 职位essentially 本质上strategic 重要的namely 也就说stand on 进行的怎样Plummet 骤然下降pretty 相当fairly 颇为quite 极其pie chart 饼状图sector share 市场份额weight of publicity 宣传力度initial = first regime 范围，区域consumer resistance 客户抵制consumer awareness 认识，了解trend 趋势anticipate 预期predict 预知implication 含意transparency 幻灯片outstanding 显著地，突出的substantially 大体上radically 完全的dramatically 引人注目的，戏剧性的low fat diet 低脂饮食skim 滑过，掠过decline 降低gradually 逐渐的steadily 稳定的level off 平稳状态moderately 适度的fairly 适当的Out of control 失去控制to snap 崩塌by intuition 直觉to circulate 传播overall 全部的keen 热衷于to have a go = try to fine by me 同意plug 电插头，宣传cashflow cable 电缆consistently 一致的to reconcile 调和streamline 流线型philosophy 哲学hierarchy 等级制度involve 使忙于consultation 咨询，协议会purchase 购买gradual 逐步的commodity 日用品grapple with 尽力克服mist 朦胧不清catastrophe 彻底失败Subsidiaries 子公司to make a living 谋生capital investment 资金总额to put up 增长volume 体积recovery 恢复tough 艰苦的in line with 与。

GCT高频词汇新阳光教育gct英语高频词汇表［a］charge［b］curse［c］accuse［d］scold［a］指控［b］诅咒［c］控告［d］责骂［a］abandon［b］desert［c］injure［d］punish［a］damage ［b］spoil［c］hurt［d］harm［a］sentence［b］tear［c］wreck［d］fatigue［a］release［b］relieve［c］loosen［d］dismiss［a］granta］退出b］舍弃c］危害d］惩罚a］侵害,危害b］逼疯c］危害d］危害a］裁决b］撕开c］(船,飞机的)失事d］疲劳a］释放b］使宽慰，减轻c］放松，松弛d］解散，解雇，驳回a］同意,准予［［［［［［［［［［［［［［［［［崭新阳光教育［b］entitle［c］credit［d］give［a］attraction［b］attention［c］arrangement［d］appointment［a］appoint［b］order［c］arrange［d］tidy［a］tip［b］offer［c］present［d］represent［a］equip［b］install［c］furnish［d］provide［a］supply［b］propose［c］raise［b］授权,给...权利［c］相信,信任,信贷［d］交给［a］吸引力［b］注意［c］精心安排［d］约会［a］任命,委派［b］整顿［c］精心安排［d］整理［a］给...小费［b］提供更多［c］赠送,提出,呈现［d］代表［a］装备［b］安装［c］供应［d］供应,供给［a］供给［b］建议［c］提出崭新阳光教育［d］promise［a］reserve［b］retain［c］rescue［d］recover［a］preserve［b］perceive［c］penetrate［d］persist［a］aboveall［b］afterall［c］overall［d］inall［a］access［b］exposure［c］avenue［d］edge［a］assessment［b］assignment［c］procedure［d］protection［a］manner［d］允诺［a］储备［b］保持［c］援救［d］痊愈［a］保存［b］察觉［c］渗透［d］坚持,持续［a］最重要,首先ぃb］毕竟［c］遍及［d］总共，合计［a］通路,有权使用ぃb］暴露［c］方法,途径［d］缓缓移动［a］估算，评估［b］分配,委派［c］程序［d］维护［a］方式新阳光教育［b］mission［c］route［d］motion［a］account［b］count［c］observation［d］regard［a］countin［b］counton［c］countup［d］countout［a］accountfor［b］onaccountof［c］takeintoaccount［a］accumulate［b］assemble［c］pile［d］gather［a］collect［b］acquire ［c］derive［b］使命［c］路线［d］运动［a］帐目［b］计算［c］观测［d］对待［a］把...计算在内ぃb］依靠,指望［c］把...加起来ぃd］点数［a］占到,表明［b］由于［c］注重,考量［a］积累，积存［b］集合,装配［c］堆积［d］聚集［a］收集［b］获得,取得［c］来自,源自崭新阳光教育［d］reward［a］gain［b］grasp［c］seize［d］grip［a］perform［b］embrace ［c］earn［d］generate［a］acknowledge［b］assist［c］advocate［d］admit［a］acknowledged［b］informed［c］enlightened［d］acquainted［a］acquaintance［b］acknowledgement［c］recognition［d］association［d］酬金,奖励［a］赢得［b］加紧［c］把握住［d］握住［a］继续执行［b］亲吻［c］赚取［d］产生［a］承认,答谢［b］援助,帮助［c］拥护,主张［d］容许,承认［a］普遍认为的［b］见多识广的［c］开通的，开明的［d］知晓的［a］相识,熟人［b］承认［c］普遍认可,辨识［d］联手。

MBA专业术语汇总AAbility-to-pay principle 能力纳税原则The idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burdenAbsolute advantage 绝对优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their produ ctivityAggregate-demand curve 总需求曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that household s, firms, and the government want to buy at any price levelAggregate-supply curve 总供给曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms cho ose to produce and sell at any levelAppreciation 升值An increase in the value of a currency as measured by the amount o f foreign currency it can buyAutomatic stabilizers 自动稳固器Changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the ec onomy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deli berate actionAverage fixed cost 平均固定成本Fixed costs divided by the quantity of outputAverage revenue 平均收益Total revenue divided by the quantity soldAverage tax rate 平均税率Total taxes paid divided by total incomeAverage total cost 平均总成本Total cost divided by the quantity of outputAverage variable cost 平均可变成本Variables costs divided by the quantity of outputAccelerator 加速数the effect on GDP of the increase in investment that results from an increase in output. For instance, the greater output leads a firm to believ e that the demand for its products will rise in the future; the resulting in crease in investment leads to growth in output and still further increases i n investment, accelerating the expansion of the economyAcquired endowments 后天禀赋resources a country builds for itself, like a network of roads or an e ducated populationAdaptive expectations 习惯性预期expectations based on the extrapolation of events in the recent past i nto the futureaggregate expenditures schedule 总支出曲线a curve that traces out the relationship between expenditures--the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditures, and net exports--an d the national income, at a fixed price levelantitrust laws 反托拉斯法laws that discourage monopoly and restrictive practices and encourage greater competitionarbitrage 套利the process by which assets with comparable risk, liquidity, and tax t reatment are priced to yield comparable expected returnsadverse selection 逆向选择principle that says that those who most want to buy insurance tend t o be those most at risk, but charging a high price for insurance (to cover the high risk)will discourage those at less risk from buying insurance at allasset 资产any item that is long-lived, purchased for the service it renders over its life and for what one will receive when one sells itassistance in kind 实物援助public assistance that provides particular goods and services, like foo d or medical care, rather than cashasymmetric information 信息不对称a situation in which the parties to a transaction have different inform ation, as when the seller or a used car has more information about its qu ality then the buyerautonomous consumption 自主消费that part of consumption that does not depend on incomeaverage costs 平均成本the total costs divided by the total outputaverage productivity 平均产量total quantity divided by the total quantity of inputBBenefits principle 受益原则The idea that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they re ceive from government servicesBond 债券A certificate of indebtednessBudget constraint 预算约束The limit on the consumption bundles that a consumer can affordBudget deficit 预算赤字An excess of government spending over government receiptsBudget surplus 预算盈余An excess of government receipts over government spendinbarriers to entry 进入障碍factors that prevent firms from entering a market, such as governme nt rules or patentsbasic competitive model 差不多竞争模型the model of the economy that pulls together the assumptions of sel f-interested consumers, profit maximizing firms, and perfectly competitive marketsbequest savings motive 储蓄的遗产动机people save so that they can leave an inheritance to their childrenBertrand competition 伯特兰竞争an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committ ed to keeping their prices fixed and that customers can be lured away by offering lower pricesbilateral trade 双边贸易trade between two partiesboom 繁荣a period of time when resources are being fully used and GDP is g rowing steadilyCCapital 资本The equipment and structures used to produce goods and servicesCapital flight 资本外流A large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a countryA group of firms acting in unisonCatch-up effect 追赶效应The property that countries that start off poor tend to grow more rap idly than countries that start off richCentral bank 中央银行An institution designed to oversee the banking system and regulate th e quantity of money in the economyCeteris paribus 其它条件相同A Latin phrase, translated as 'other things being equal,' used as a re minder that all variables other than the ones being studied are assumed to be constantCircular-flow diagram 循环流向图A visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firmsClassical dichotomy 古典二分法The theoretical separation of nominal and real variablesClosed economy 封闭经济An economy that does not interact with other economies in the worl dCoase theorem 科斯定理The proposition that if private parties can bargain without cost over t he allocation of resources, they can solve the problem of externalities on their ownCollective bargaining 集体谈判The process by which unions and firms agree on the terms of emplo ymentCollusion 勾结An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce o r prices to chargeCommodity money 商品货币Money that takes the form of a commodity with intrinsic valueCommon resources 共有资源Goods that are rival but not excludableComparable worth 同工同酬A doctrine according to which jobs deemed comparable should be pai d the same wageComparative advantage 比较优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their opport unity costCompensating wage differential 补偿性工资差别A difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteri stics of different jobsCompetitive market 竞争市场A market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price takerComplements 互补品Two goods for which an increase in the price of one good leads to a decrease in the demand for the other goodConstant returns to scale 规模收益不变The property that long-run average total cost stays the same as the q uantity of output changesConsumer price index 消费物价指数A measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumerConsumer surplus 消费者剩余A buyer's willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually pa ysConsumption 消费Spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housingCost 成本The value of everything a seller must give up to produce a goodCost-benefit analysis 成本—收益分析A study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public goodCrowding-out effect 挤出效应The offset in aggregate demand that res ults when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby re duces investment spendingCurrency 通货The paper bills and coins in the hands of the publicCyclical unemployment 周期性失业The deviation of unemployment from its natural ratecapital gain 资本增值the increase in the value of an asset between the time it is purchase d and the time it is soldcapital market 资本市场the market in which savings are made available to investorscategorical assistance 分类关心public assistance aimed at a particular category of people, like the el derly or the disabledcausation 因果关系relationship that results when an change in one variable is not only c orrelated with but actually causes the change in another onecentral planning 中央打算the system in which central government bureaucrats (as opposed to p rivate entrepreneurs or even local government bureaucrats) determine what will be produced an how it will be producedcentralization 集权organizational structure in which decision making is concentrated at t he topcentrally planned economy 中央打算经济an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are m ade by the central governmentcertificate of deposit (CD) 存单account in which money is deposited for a preset length of time, tha t must yield a slightly higher return to compensate for the reduced liquidi tycircular flow 循环流程how funds move through the capital, labor, and product markets betw een households, firms, the government, and the foreign sectorclassical economists 古典经济学家economists prevalent before the Great Depression who believed that t he basic competitive model provided a good description of the economy a nd that if short periods of unemployment did occur, market forces would quickly restore the economy to full employmentclassical unemployment 古典失业unemployment that results from too-high real wages; it occurs in the supply constrained equilibrium, so that rightwards shifts in aggregate suppl y reduce the level of unemploymentcompetitive equilibrium price 竞争性均衡价格the price at which the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded a re equal to each otherconsumer protection legislation 消费者爱护法laws aimed at protecting consumers, for instance by assuring that con sumers have more complete information about items they are considering buyingconsumer sovereignty 消费者权益the principle that holds that each individual is the best judge of what makes him better offconsumption function 消费函数the relationship between disposable income and consumptioncontingency clauses 应变条款statements within a contract that make the level of payment or the w ork to be performed conditional upon various factorscorporate income tax 公司所得税a tax based on the income, or profit, received by a corporationcorrelation 有关relationship that results when a change in one variable is consistently associated with a change in another onecost-push inflation 成本推动型通货膨胀inflation whose initial cause is a rise in production costsCournot competition 古诺竞争an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committe d to a certain level of production and that rivals will reduce their prices as needed to sell that amountcredentials competition 文凭竞争the trend in which prospective workers acquire higher educational cre dentials, not so much because of anything they actually learn in the proce ss but to convince potential employers to hire them by signaling that they will be more productive employees than those with weaker credentialscredit constraint effect 信贷约束效应when prices fall, firms' revenues also fall, but the money they owe c reditors remains unchanged; as a result, firms have fewer funds of their o wn to invest. Because of credit rationing, firms cannot make up the differ ence; accordingly, investment decreasescredit rationing 信贷配给credit is rationed when no lender is willing to make a loan to a borr ower or the amount lenders are willing to lend to borrowers is limited, e ven if the borrower is willing to pay more than other borrowers of comp arable risk who are getting loanscross subsidization 交叉补贴the practice of charging higher prices to one group of consumers in order to subsidize lower prices for another groupDDeadweight loss 无谓缺失The reduction in total surplus that results from a taxDemand curve 需求曲线A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the qua ntity demandedDemand deposits 活期存款Balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a checkDemand schedule 需求表A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demandedDepreciation 贬值A decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buyDepression 萧条A severe recessionDiminishing marginal product 边际产量递减The property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as t he quantity of the input increasesThe property that the marginal product of an input declines as the q uantity of the input increasesDiminishing returns 收益递减The property that the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increasesDiscount rate 贴现率The interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banksDiscouraged workers 丧失信心的工人Individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a jobDiscrimination 鄙视The offering of different opportunities to similar individuals who diffe r only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personal characteristicsDiseconomies of scale 规模不经济The property that long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increasesDominant strategy 优势战略A strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strate gies chosen by the other playersdebt 债务capital, such as bonds and bank loans, supplied to a firm by lenders; the firm promises to repay the amount borrowed with interestdecentralization 分权化organizational structure in which many individuals or subunits can ma ke decisionsdecision tree 决策树a device for structured decision making that spells out the choices an d possible consequences of alternative actionsdeficit spending 赤字支出the situation that exists when government expenditures are greater tha n revenuesdeflation 通货紧缩a persistent decrease in the general level of pricesdemand-constrained equilibrium 受需求约束的平稳the equilibrium that occurs when prices are stuck at a level above th at at which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply at the current price leveldemand-pull inflation 需求拉动型通货膨胀inflation whose initial cause is aggregate demand exceeding aggregate supply at the current price leveldemographic effects 人口效应effects that arise from changes in characteristics of the population suc h as age, birthrates, and locationderegulation 放松管制the lifting of government regulations to allow the market to function more freelydevaluation 贬值a reduction in the rate of exchange between one currency and other currencies under a fixed exchange rate systemdeveloped countries 发达国家或工业化国家the wealthiest nations in the world, including Western Europe, the Un ited States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealanddiminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减the principle that says that as an individual consumes more and more of a good, each successive unit increases her utility, or enjoyment, less and lessdividends 股息that portion of corporate profits paid out to shareholdersdownward rigidity of wages 工资下降刚性the situation that exists when wages do not fall quickly in response t o a shift in the demand or supply curve for labor, resulting in an excess supply of labordual economy 二元经济the separation in many LDCs between an impoverished rural sector a nd an urban sector that has higher wages and more advanced technologyduopoly 双头垄断an industry with only two firmsdurable goods 耐用品goods that provide a service over a number of years, such as cars, major appliances, and furnituredynamic consistency 动态一致性a policy is said to have dynamic consistency when government annou nces a course of action and then has the incentives to actually carry out that policyEEconomics 经济学The study of how society manages its scarce resourcesEconomies of scale 规模经济The property that long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increasesEfficiency 效率The property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society; The property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resourcesEfficiency wages 效率工资Above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker p roductivityEfficient scale 有效规模The quantity of output that minimizes average total costElasticity 弹性A measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity su pplied to one of its determinantsEquilibrium 均衡A situation in which supply and demand have been brought into bala nceEquilibrium price 均衡价格The price that balances supply and demandEquilibrium quantity 均衡数量The quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when the price has adjusted to balance supply and demandEquity 平等The fairness of the distribution of well-being among the various buye rs and sellers; The property of distributing economic prosperity fairly amo ng the members of societyExcess demand 超额需求A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity suppl iedExcess supply 超额供给A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity deman dedExcludability 排他性The property of a good that a person can be prevented from using itExports 出口Goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad; Goods produced domestically and sold abroadExternality 外部性The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander economic rents 经济租金payments made to a factor that are in excess of what is required to elicit the supply of that factorefficiency wage theory 效率工资理论the theory that paying higher wages (up to a point) lowers total prod uction costs, for instance by leading to a more productive labor forceeconomies of scope 范畴经济efficient markets theory 有效市场理论the theory that all available information is reflected in the current pri ce of an assetelasticity of labor supply 劳动供给弹性the percentage change in labor supplied resulting from a 1% change in wagesequity, shares, stock 股票terms that indicate part ownership of a firm, which the firm sells in order to raise money, or capitalequity capital 股份资本capital, such as shares (or stock), supplied to a firm by its owners(sh areholders); the returns received by the owners are not guaranteed but dep end on how well the firm doesexchange efficiency 交换的效率the condition in which whatever the economy produces is distributed among individuals in an efficient wayexchange rate 汇率the rate at which one currency (such as dollars) can be exchanged fo r another(such as marks, yen, or pounds)excise tax 物资税a tax on a particular good or serviceexpected return 预期收益the average return--a single number that combines the various possibl e returns per dollar invested with the chances that each of these returns will actually be paidexport-led growth 出口导向型增长the strategy that government should encourage exports in which the c ountry has a comparative advantage to stimulate growthFFactors of production 生产要素The inputs used to produce goods and servicesFederal Reserve (Fed) 联邦储备The central bank of the United StatesFiat money 法定货币Money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of gove rnment decreeFinancial intermediaries 金融中介机构Financial institutions through which savers can indirectly provide fund s to borrowersFinancial markets 金融市场Financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to borrowersFinancial system 金融体系The group of institutions in the economy that help to match one pers on's saving with another person's investmentFisher effect 费雪效应The one-for-one adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflatio n rateFixed cost 固定成本Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output producedFractional-reserve banking 部分预备金银行体系A banking system in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reservesFree rider 搭便车者A person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for i tfactor demand 要素需求the amount of an input demanded by a firm, given the price of the i nput and the quantity of output being produced; an input will be demand ed up to the point where the value of the input's marginal product equals the price of theinputfederal government structure 联邦政府结构a system in which government activity takes place at several levels--national, state, county, city, and othersfirm wealth effect 厂商的财宝效应lower prices or lower demand cause firms' profits and net worth to f all, and this makes them less willing to undertake the risks involved with investmentfiscal policies 财政政策policies that affect the level of government expenditures and taxesfixed exchange rate system 固定汇率体系an exchange rate system in which the value of each currency is fixe d in relationship to other currenciesflexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率体系a system in which exchange rates are determined by market forces, t he law of supply and demand, without government interferencefixed or overhead inputs 不变投入或分摊投入inputs that do not change depending on the quantity of output, at lea st over the short termflow statistics 流量统计measurements of a certain rate of quantity per period of time, such a s GDP, which measures output per yearfull-employment deficit 充分就业赤字the budget deficit that would have prevailed if the economy were at full employment, thus with higher tax revenues and lower public assistanc e expendituresfull-employment output/ potential output 充分就业产出或潜在产出the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed (output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal leve l of overtime)GGDP deflator 平减指数A measure of the price level calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP times 100Game theory 博弈理论The study of how people behave in strategic situationsGiffen good 吉芬物品A good for which an increase in the price raises the quantity deman dedGross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced within a c ountry in a given period of timeGross national product (GNP) 国名生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced by perma nent residents of a nation within a given period of timegains from trade 交易所得the benefits that each side enjoys from a tradeGDP per capita 人均国内生产总值the value of all goods and services produced in the economy divided by populationgeneral equilibrium analysis 一样均衡分析a simultaneous analysis of all capital, product, and labor markets thro ughout the economyGini coefficient 基尼系数a measure of inequality (equal to twice the area between the 45 degr ee line and the Lorenz curve)green revolution 绿色革命the invention and dissemination of new seeds and agricultural practice s that led to vast increases in agricultural output in LDCs during the 196 0's and 1970'sHHorizontal equity 横向公平The idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amountHuman capital 人力资本The knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, trai ning, and experience;The accumulation of investments in people, such as education and on-the-job traininghorizontal integration 横向一体化the integration of a firm with other firms producing the same product (at the same level of production)horizontal merger 横向兼并a merger between two firms that produce the same goodshorizontal restrictions 横向约束restrictions (such as an agreement not to compete in price or to enter each others' markets) by competing firms (at the same level of productio n, for instance, among producers, or among wholesalers, or among retailer s)hostile takeover 恶意收购when one management team (one firm) takes over the control of ano ther, against the will of the second firmIImport quota 进口限额A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domesticallyImports 进口Goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domesticallyIn-kind transfers 实物转移支付Transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cashIncome effect 收入效应The change in consumption that results when a price change moves t he consumer to a higher or lower indifference curveIncome elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers' income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in incomeIndexation 指数化The automatic correction of a dollar figure for the effects of inflation by law or contractIndifference curves 无差异曲线Curves that show consumption bundles that give the consumer the sa me level of satisfaction A good for which an increase in income reduces the quantity demandedInferior good 低档商品A good for which, other things being equal, an increase in income le ads to a decrease in quantity demandedInflation 通货膨胀An increase in the overall level of prices in the economyInflation rate 通货膨胀率The percentage change in the price index from the preceding periodInternalizing an externality 外部性的内在化Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actionsInvestment 投资Spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housingimperfect competition 不完全竞争any market structure in which there is some competition but firms fa ce downward-sloping demand curvesimplicit contract 隐含合同an unwritten understanding between two groups involved in an excha nge, such as an understanding between employer and employees that empl oyees will receive a stable wage throughout fluctuating economic conditio nsimport function 进口函数the relationship between imports and national incomeincomplete markets 不完全市场situations in which no market may exist for some good or for some risk, or in which some individuals cannot borrow for some purposesincreasing, constant or diminishing returns to scale 规模收益递增/不变/递减when all inputs are increased by a certain proportion, output increase s by a greater proportion (also known as economies of scale)indexing 指数化the formal linking of any payment to a price indexindividual income tax 个人所得税a tax based on the income received by any individual or householdinfant industry argument for protection 稚嫩工业爱护论the argument that industries must be protected from foreign competiti on while they are young, until they have a chance to acquire the skills t o enable them to compete on equal termsinfinite elasticity of demand 无限需求弹性the situation that exists when any amount will be demanded at a part icular price, but nothing will be demanded if the price rises even a small amountinfinite elasticity of supply 无限供给弹性situation that exists when any amount will be supplied at a particular price, but nothing will be supplied if the price falls even a small amoun tinflation tax 通货膨胀税the decrease in buying power (wealth) that inflation imposes on those who hold currency (and other assets, like bonds, the payments for which are fixed in terms of dollars)inflationary spiral 通货膨胀螺旋a self-perpetuating system in which price increases lead to higher wa ges, which lead to further price increasesinfrastructure 基础设施the roads, ports, bridges, and legal system that provide the necessary basis for a working economyinsider-outsider theory 局内人—局外人理论the theory that firms are reluctant to pay new workers (outsiders) a l ower wage than current workers (insiders), because current workers will f ear beingreplaced by the new log-wage workers and will not participate i n cooperating with and training theminterest 利息the return a saver receives in addition to the original amount she dep osited, and the amount that a borrower must pay in addition to the origin al amount she depositedinterest rate effect 利率效应。

MBA联考英语大纲词汇汇总整顿(一)abatement n.减(免)税,打折扣,冲销abide v.坚持,遵守abolish v.废除,取消absence n.缺席,不在场;缺少,没有absent a.缺席,不在场;心不在焉absorb v.吸取;吸引…注意,兼并;兼并absurd a.荒唐abundance n.丰富,充裕abundant a.大量,充裕,丰富accumulate v.积累,积蓄,堆积accuracy n.精确,精准accurate a.精确,精准accuse v.指责,控告acid a.酸,酸性n.酸,酸性物质acquaint v.(sb.with)使结识,使理解acquaintance n.相识,熟人acute a.敏锐,激烈,严重adhere v.(to)粘附,胶着;坚持adolescent n.青少年 a.青春期,青少年adopt v.采用,采用,收养adultertion n.掺假,劣等货,假货,次品adventure n.冒险,奇遇,惊险活动adverb n.副词advertise v.为…做广告advertisement n.广告advice n.劝告,忠告,意见advisable n.明智,可取advise v.劝告,建议;告知adviser n.导师,顾问advocate n.倡导者,鼓吹者,辩护律师v.倡导aeroplane n.飞机aerospace n.太空,宇宙空间affair n.事情,事件,事务affect v.影响;(使)感动affection n.爱,感情affiliate n.附属机构,联营公司affirm v.断言,必定,(在法庭上)证明affix vt.附加;贴上;盖印 n.词缀affluent adj.富裕afford v.肩负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供应,予以afraid a.(of)怕,胆怯;恐怕,紧张Africa n.非洲African a.非洲(人) n.非洲人after prep.在…后来,在…背面 conj.在…后aftermarket .n.贩卖修理用零件市场afternoon n.下午,午后afterward(s) ad.日后,后来again ad.又,再(次),重新against prep.对(着),逆;反对;违背;接近,倚在;对比age n.年龄;时期,时代 v.变老,老化aged .a.年老,通过相称岁月,有...岁agency n.代理(处),代办处agenda n.议事日程agent n.代理商(人),代表aggravate v.恶化,加重,加剧aggregate v.集合,共计aggression n.敌对情绪或行为aggressive a.侵略,好斗;敢作敢为,有进取心ago ad.此前,…前agony n.苦恼,痛苦agree v.(to,with)批准,赞成;一致,适合agreement n.批准,一致;协定,合同agriculture n.农业ahead ad.在前,向前,提前,前头aid v.援助,救援 n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物aim v.(at)目在于,旨在;瞄准,针对n.目的,目air n.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风air-conditioning n.空调aircraft n.航空器,飞机airline n.航线;航空公司airlines .n.航空公司airplane n.飞机 [英]aeroplaneairport n.机场,航空站aisle n.走廊,过道alarm n.警报;惊恐 v.使惊恐,惊动;向…报警album n.集邮本,照相簿,唱片alcohol n.酒精,乙醇alert a.警惕;机灵alien n.外侨;外星人 a.外国;(from)相异alienation n.疏离感alienator .n.让渡人,赠送者,疏远者alienee .n.受让人alike a.相似,想像alive a.活着着;活跃,热闹all a.所有,所有 pron.一切,所有ad.完全,都allege v.断言,宣称allocate v.分派,分派,把…拨给allocation .n.拨给,分派allow v.容许,准许;承认;让…得到allowance n.津贴,补贴(费)alloy n.合金ally n.同盟国,同盟者;支持者v.(with)使结盟almost ad.几乎,差不多alms n.救济金;救济品alone a.单独,独立 ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自along prep.沿着 ad.向前 along with与…一起aloud ad.出声地,大声地alphabet n.字母表already ad.已,已经also ad.也,同样;并且,还alter v.变化,变更alternate a.交替,轮流v.交替,轮流alternative a.两者挑一 n.可供选取事物,替代物although conj.尽管,虽然,虽然altitude n.高度,海拔altogether ad.完全,所有地;总共;总之aluminum n.铝always ad.永远,始终;总是,始终AM A.M.(a.m.)上午amateur a.业余 n.业余(活动)兴趣者amaze v.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹ambition n.雄心,野心ambitious a.有雄心,野心勃勃ambulance n.救护车amend v.修改,修正amendment .n.改正,修正America n.美洲;美国American a.美洲(人);美国(人)n.美国人;美国人amid .prep.在...中among prep.在…之中,在…中间amortization .n.分期清偿债务amount n.数量,总额v.(to)共计,总共达,等于ample a.充分,富裕;宽敞,宽敞amplify v.放大,增强amuse v.逗…笑,给…以娱乐(消遣) analysis n.分析,分解。

MBA词汇浓缩800词MBA词汇浓缩——800词！abandon vt. 遗弃；放弃absorb vt. 吸引…的注意access n. 接近（或进入，享用）的机会||vt. 存取（计算机文件）accommodation n. [pl] 住处，膳宿accompany vt. 陪伴；为…伴奏（或伴唱）accomplish vt. 达到，完成，实现（计划，诺言等）accordn. 一致；谅解||vi. (with) 相符合||vt. 给予account n. 记述；帐户；解释||vi.(for) 说明…的原因accumulate vt. 堆积||vi. 累积accusevt. 指控achievevt. 完成，实现，达到||vi. 成功acknowledgevt. 承认…的权威（或主张）；确认；报偿acquaint vt.(with) 使认识，使了解，使熟悉acquirevt. 取得；学到adaptvt. 使适应；修改||vi.(to) 适应adequatea. 充足的；胜任的adjustvt. 校正；调节||vi.(to) 适应admission n. 准许进入；入场券；承认adopt vt. 收养；采取；批准advantagen. 优点；利益advisablea. 可取的，明智的advocatevt. 拥护||n. 拥护者；律师affectv. 影响affectionn. 喜爱afford vt. 负担得起；提供aggressivea. 侵犯的；有进取心得allowance n. 津贴，补贴，零用钱alter v. 改变ambition n. 抱负，野心；企望得到的东西anniversaryn. 周年纪念（日）annuala. 每年的||n. 年报，年刊，年鉴；一年生的植物anticipatevt. 预期；提前使用anxietyn. 焦虑；渴望apartad. [空间、时间方面]成距离；分离||a. 分离的apologyn. 道歉appointvt. 任命；约定appreciate vt. 重视；为…表示感激；（充分）意识到||vi. 增值approachv. 靠近||n. 靠近；途径；方式appropriate a. 适当的||vt. 私占；拨出…供专用approvevt. 赞成；批准||vi.(of) 赞成arisevt. 产生，出现；(from)（由…）引起；起身arousevt. 引起，唤醒artificiala. 人工的；假的aspectn. 方面；（建筑物的）朝向；面貌assertvt. 肯定地说，断言；维护，坚持assessvt. 对…进行估价；评价，评论assignvt. 指派；指定（时间、地点等）；分配assistn. 帮助assumptionn. 假定；承担assurevt. 使确信；确保attain vt.达到，获得attempt n./vt.尝试attraction n.吸引力；具有吸引力的人或事物attributevt.(to)把…归因于||n.属性available a.现成可使用的；可取得联系的average a.平均的；平常的|| n.平均数，平均|| v.平均award vt.授予；裁定|| n.奖，奖品，奖金aware a.意识到balance n.平衡；天平；结存|| vt.使平衡；称；权衡bargainn.特价商品；（买卖等双方的）协议|| vi.讨价还价barrier n.栅栏；障碍；屏障behave vi.表现，举止端庄belief n.信任；信念beneficial a.有益的benefit n.益处；救济金，保险金|| vt.有益于|| vi.得益boom n.（营业等的）激增；隆隆声|| vi.激增；发出隆隆声boost vt.提高；推动；替…作广告|| n.提高；推动bound a.一定的；受约束的；(for, to)准备到…去的breakthrough n.突破，突破性进展，重要新发现breed n.种，品种|| vi.繁殖|| vt.饲养；养育；酿成budget n.预算，预算拨款|| vi.(for)编预算|| vt.规划burden n.重担；使重负|| vt.加重压于，烦恼；负重cancel vt.取消；抵消；删去capacity n.容量；才能；身份，职位certify vt.证明；发证书（或执照）给challenge n.艰巨的任务；怀疑；挑战|| vt.反对；向…挑战circumstance n.环境；境况claim vt.声称；对…提出要求；需要|| n.要求，认领，索赔clarify vt.澄清，阐明clue n.线索collapse vi. / n.倒坍；崩溃collision n.碰撞；冲突comment n.评论；闲话|| vt.评论commitment n.承诺；信奉，献身；承担的义务companion n.同伴，伴侣comparable a.(with, to)可比较的；比得上的comparative a.比较的compare vt.(to, with)比较；(to)把…比作||vi.相比compel vt.强迫competent a.有能力的competitive a.竞争的；好竞争的；（价格等）有竞争力的comprehensive a.广泛的，综合的comprise vt.包含；构成conceal vt.隐藏concede vt.承认；（在结果确定前）承认失败；允许|| vi.让步concern n.关切的事；关心；关系；公司|| vt.涉及；使关心concerning prep.关于concession n.让步；特许，特许权；承认conclude vt.推断出；结束|| vi.结束；终了condense v.（使）冷凝；浓缩；简缩confess v.坦白；承认confident a.确信的；自信的confine vt.限制；使不外出|| n.界限confirm vt.证实，肯定；进一步确定，确认；批准conflict n.冲突；战斗|| vi.冲突confront vt.迎面遇到；勇敢地面对；使对质confuse vt.使困惑；混淆；混乱conscience n.良心conscious a.自觉的；神志清醒的；有意的consent n.准许|| vi.(to)准许consequence n.结果；重要（性），重大consequently ad.所以，因此conservation n.保存，（对自然资源的）保护，避免浪费conservative a.保守的；（式样等）不时新的|| n.保守的人considerable a.相当大（或多）的considerate a.体贴的consistent a.坚持的；一致的constitute vt.组成；设立，任命constrict vt.使缩紧，使收缩，压缩；构筑；建造，建设consult vt.请教；查阅|| vi.交换意见contact n.接触|| vt.与…取得联系contemporary a.当代的，同时代的|| n.同代人，当代人content n.（书等的）内容|| a.满意的|| vt.使满意contest n.竞赛；争夺|| vt.争夺；对…提出质疑context n.背景；语境continual a.不见断的；多次重复的contract n.合同|| vt.感染（疾病），染上（恶习）contradiction n.矛盾；否认，反驳contrary a.(to)相反的|| n.[-the]相反contrast n.对比|| vt.对比|| vi.(with)形成对比contribute vi.捐款；(to)有助于；投稿|| vt.捐，捐献controversy n.争论convention n.习俗；公约；（正式）会议convert v.（使）转变；（使）改变信仰（或态度等）convey vt.表达；运送convince vt.使确信coordinate vt.调节|| n.坐标|| a.同等的correspond vi.(with)相符合；(to)相当；通信council n.委员会，理事会counsel n.律师，法律顾问；忠告|| vt.劝告course n.课程；过程；行动方针；路线；（一）道（菜）credit n.信贷；赞扬，功劳；学分；信任|| vt.信任；(to)把…归于. critical a.决定性的；批评的crucial n..至关重要的crush vt.压碎，弄皱；镇压cue n.暗示，信号；提示|| vt.提示cultivate vt.耕作，养殖；培养，发展curiosity n.好奇（心）；奇物，奇事，古玩deadline n.最后期限debate n. / v.辩论decay vi.腐烂；衰败|| n.腐烂；衰败（或衰退）状态deceive vt.欺骗decent a.像样的；宽厚的；得体的declaration n.宣布；宣言；申报decline n.下降，衰退|| vi.下降；衰退；谢绝|| vt.谢绝defeat vt.击败；挫败|| n.战败；击败defect n.缺点|| vi.变节define vt.给…下定义，解释；限定definite a.明确的；一定的delete vt.删除deliberate a.故意的；慎重的|| v.仔细考虑delicate a.易碎的；棘手的；娇弱的；精美的deliver vt.投递；发表；给（产妇）接生；给予（打击等）；解救demonstrate vt.论证；说明|| vi.举行示威游行（或集会）deny vt.否认；拒绝给予depart vi.离开；(from)背离dependent a.(on, upon)依靠的；取决于…的deposit n.定金；存款；沉积物，矿藏|| vt.使沉淀；存放；储蓄depress vt.使沮丧；削弱；按下depression n.抑郁；不景气；洼地derive vt.取得；追溯…的起源（或来由）|| vi.(from)起源descend vi.下来；(from)起源（于）；(on)袭击；(to)把身份降至deserve vt.应受desirable a.值得想望的；可取的despair n.绝望；使人绝望的人（或事物）|| vi.(of)绝望desperate a.不顾一切的；极想望的；绝望的destruction n.破坏，消灭devise vt.发明，策划devote vt.(to)把…专用（于）；将…奉献给discard vt.丢弃discharge vt.解雇；排出；卸（货）|| vi.放电|| n.获准离开；放电discipline n.纪律；训练；惩罚；学科|| vt.训练；惩罚discount n.（价格、债款等）折扣|| vt.把…打折扣disguise vt.假扮；伪装；掩盖|| n.用来伪装的东西（或行动）；假装disgust n.厌恶|| vt.使厌恶dispose vt.排列；使倾向于|| vi.(of)去掉；处理dispute n.争论|| vt.对…表示异议|| vi.争论dissolve vi.溶解；消失，减弱|| vt.使溶解；解散，结束distinct a.有区别的；清楚的；明确的distract vt.转移（注意力），使分心distress n.痛苦；贫困；危难|| vt.使痛苦disturb vt.打扰；使不安；弄乱diverse a.不同的；多种多样的document n. / vt.用文件（或文献）等证明，记载domestic a.本国的；家（庭）的；驯养的dominant a.占优势的；居高临下的dominate vt.支配；俯视|| vi.处于支配地位donation n.捐款；捐赠download vt.下载（计算机用语）drain vt.排走；渐渐耗尽|| vi.慢慢流掉|| n.耗竭；排水沟durable a.耐用的duration n.持续，持续期间easen.容易，悠闲|| v.缓和elegant a.优美的；简练的eliminate vt.排除；淘汰embarrass vt.使窘迫embrace vt.拥抱；包括；包围|| n.拥抱emerge vi.(from)浮现；（问题等）发生emergency n.紧急情况emigrate vi移居国外（或外地）.emit vt.发出（光、热、声音等），射出enable vt.使能够enclose vt.围住；把…装入信封，附入encounter vt. / n.遇到endure vt.忍受|| vi.忍受；持久enforce vt.实施；强迫engage vt.占用（时间、精力等）；使从事；使订婚|| vi.(in)参加enhance vt.提高，增加enlarge v.扩大enlighten vt.启发，开导enrich vt.充实，使丰富；使富裕，使富有enroll(enrol) vi.(in, on)入学，加入|| vt.招收，吸收entitle vt.给…权利；给（书、文章等）题名entry vt.参赛的人（或物）；入口处，门厅，河口；登记episode n.（一连串事件中的）一个事件；片断，连续剧的一集equivalent a.相等的|| n.相等物erect a.竖直的|| vt.建造；竖立essential a.必不可少的；本质的|| n.要素；必需品estimate n.估计；评价|| vt.估计eternal a.永久的，永世的；无休止的；永恒的，永不改变的evaluate vt.评估evidence n.根据evolve v.（使）演变，（使）发展exaggerate v.夸大exceed vt.超过，越出excess n.过量；超越|| a.过量的，额外的，附加的exclusive a.奢华的；独有的；(of)不包括…的|| n.独家新闻execute vt.处死；实施executiven.主管；（政府的）行政部门|| a.执行的，行政的exertvt.用（力）；运用expectationn.期待；前程expensen.价钱；开支；业务费用exploitvt.剥削；利用，开发|| n.业绩，功绩explorev.勘探；仔细查阅，探索exposev.暴露；曝光；揭露exposuren.暴露；曝光；揭发extendvt.延伸；扩展；提供|| vi.伸展；（在范围或应用上）达到extentn.程度；广度，宽度，大小exteriorn.外部，外表|| a.外部的externala.外部的eyewitnessn.目击证人facility n.设备，便利faculty n.能力；系，学科，学院；全体教员fade vi.褪去；逐渐消失；凋谢||vt.使褪色faint a.隐约的；无力的；凋谢|| vi.昏厥|| n.昏厥fantastic a.极好的；极大的；奇异的fascinating a.迷人的fatal a.致命的，毁灭性的；重大的，决定性的fatigue n.疲劳|| v.（使）疲劳faulty a.有错误的favorable a.有错误的，有缺点的feasible a.可行的，可用的feature n.特征；面貌；专题节目；故事片|| vt.突出，由……主演feedback n.反馈，反馈信息fierce a.凶猛的；狂热的finance n.财政，金融；财源，资金|| vt.为……提供资金flash vt.闪光；飞驰；闪耀|| n.闪光；闪光灯flee vi.逃走|| vt.逃离，逃避flexible a.易弯曲的；灵活的flourish vi.茂盛，繁荣|| vt.挥动（以引起注意）focus v.(on)（使）聚焦|| n.焦点，（注意，活动等的）中心forbid vt.不许forge vt.伪造（货币，文件等）；锻造forgetful a.健忘的，不留心的fraction n.小部分；分数frequency n.次数；经常发生frustrate vt.使沮丧；挫败fundamental a.基本的|| n.基本原则furnish vt.布置，为……配备家具；供应gap n.缺口；间隔；差距gaze v. /n. 凝视gear n.齿轮，（排）档|| vt.使适应，使适合generate vt.产生（光，热，电等）；引起genuine a.真的，真诚的gesture n.姿势；（人际交往时做出的）姿态|| v.做手势（表示）glance vi. /n.扫视glare vi.(at) 怒目而视；发射强光|| n.强光；怒视；炫耀；闪耀glimpse vt. / n. 一瞥grant n.拨款，授予物|| vt.授予grief n.悲伤，悲痛；悲伤的事，悲痛的缘由gross a.总的；严重的；粗俗的；臃肿的|| vt.获得……的总收入（或毛利）guarantee vt.保证|| n.保证书guidance n.指引，领导guideline n.指导方针guilty a.内疚的；有罪的handy a.方便的；手边的；手巧的harbor n.海港|| vt.庇护；心怀（怨恨等）harmony n.和谐harsh a.严厉的；毛糙的hazard n.危险，公害|| vt.尝试着做（或提出）；冒风险heading n.标题headline n.大字标题；新闻摘要heal vt.使愈合；调停|| vi.愈合hesitate v.犹豫；不情愿highlight vt.强调|| n.最精彩的部分，最重要的事件horizon n.视野hostile a.敌对的；敌方的humble a.谦逊的；地位（或身份）低下的；简陋的|| vt.使谦恭ideal a.理想的；想象的|| n.理想；理想的东西（或人）identical a.(to, with)相同的；同一的identify vt.认出，鉴定；(with)把…等同于|| vi.(with)认同identity n.身份；个性；同一性idle a.懒散的；空闲的；无用的|| vi.懒散|| vt.(away)虚度（光阴）ignore vt.不顾illustrate vt.说明；给…作插图说明image n.形象；印象；图像；形象的描述impact n. / v. 影响；冲击implement vt.使生效，履行|| n.工具impose vt.(on)把…强加于；征（税等），处以（罚款、监禁等）incidence n.发生率incident n.发生的事；事件incline v.（使）倾斜；（使）倾向于，赞同|| n.斜坡incredible a.不能相信的；不可思议的，惊人的index n.索引；标志；指数，指标|| vt.为…编索引，把…编入索引indicate vt.标示，指示；表明indifferent a.冷漠的；一般的，（表现）平平的indispensable a.(to, for)必不可少的induce vt.引诱，劝；引起，导致inevitable a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的infer vt.推论inferior a.劣等的；下级的|| n.下级influential a.有影响的，有权势的inherent a.(in)内在的，固有的，生来就有的initial a.开始的|| n.（性命等的）首字母initiative n.主动性，首创精神；主动的行动；主动权innocent a.(of)清白的；无害的，没有恶意的；天真的input n.输入，投入；输入物，输入的数据|| vt.把…输入计算机insert vt.插入insight n.洞察力，深刻的见解install(l) vt.安装；使就职instinct n.本能；生性insult vt.侮辱|| n.侮辱，凌辱insure vt.给…保险；保证intact a.完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的integrate v.(into, with)（使）成为一体integrity n.正直，诚实，诚恳；完整，完全，完善intend vt.想要；打算使（成为）intense a.强烈的，紧张的；认真的；热情的intensity n.强烈；强度intention n.意图，目的interaction n.相互作用interfere vi.(with, in)干涉，介入；妨碍interior n.内部；[-the]内地|| a.内部的；内地的internal a.内部的；国内的；内心的interpret vi.口译，翻译|| vt.解释，说明interrupt vt.打断，打扰；中止|| vi.打断，打扰interval n.间隔；幕间（或工间）休息intimate a.亲密的，密切的；私人的|| vt.暗示，提示|| n.至交intimidate vt.恐吓，威胁invade v.侵入，侵略investigate v.调查，调查研究invisible a.看不见的involve vt.包含；使参与；牵涉isolate vt.使隔离issue n.问题；发行|| vt.颁布，出版；分发|| vi.流出，发出justify vt.证明…正当（或有理）lag vi.落后|| n.滞后，（时间上的）间隔landscape n.风景；风景画；全景|| vt.美化…的景观launch vt.发动；(into, in)使开始从事layout n.布局，设计leak v.（使）漏，（使）渗出；泄漏|| n.漏洞；泄漏；（消息等的）走漏liable a.(to)可能的；(for)有法律责任的；(to)易于…的liberal a.心胸宽阔的；（指政治观点上的）自由主义的；慷慨的likewise ad.同样地；也lodge vi.暂住，借宿|| vt.供…以临时住宿|| n.乡间小屋，施舍magnificent a.壮丽的；豪华的；极好的maintain vt.维持；维修；坚持；赡养，负担maintenance n.维修；抚养费；维持management n.管理；管理部门，管理人员manual a.用手的，手工做的|| n.手册，指南margin n.页边空白；差额；余地；边缘marginal a.微小的，不重要的；仅以微弱多数票获胜的marvelous a.奇迹般的massive a.大而重的，大块的；大量的mature a.成熟的；应支付的|| v.（使）成熟maximum a.最高的，顶点的|| n.最大限度，顶点mechanism n.机械装置；机制；办法media n.新闻媒介，传播媒介medium a.中等的|| n.媒质；新闻媒介，传播媒介；手段memorial a.纪念的|| n.纪念碑，纪念仪式mend vt.修理|| vi.恢复健康mental a.精神的；精神病的；智力的mention vt. / n.提及merciful a.仁慈的；宽大的mercy n.慈悲；恩惠mere a.仅仅的；纯粹的merit n.长处，价值；功绩|| vt.值得mess n.凌乱状态；混乱的局面|| vt.弄糟minority n.少数派；少数民族miracle n.奇迹miserable a.痛苦的；令人难受（或痛苦）的mislead vt.给…错误印象；把…带错路；把…带坏mission n.使命；代表团mode n.方式moderate a.中等的；稳健的；有节制的|| v.（使）和缓，（使）减轻modest a.谦虚的；适中的；羞怯的morality n.道德，德行，品行；道德观，道德规范motion n.（物体的）运动；手势，眼色；提议|| v.（向…）打手势motivate vt.作为…的动机，激励motive n.动机mutual a.相互的；共同的myth n.杜撰出来的人（或事情）；神话nationwide ad.全国范围内的，全国性的neglect vt.忽视；疏忽|| n.疏忽，玩忽negotiate vt.洽谈；顺利通过|| vi.协商noticeable a.显而易见的notify vt.通知，报告notion n.概念；意图objective n.目标|| a.客观的obligation n.义务oblige vt.迫使；施恩于；使感激obstacle n.障碍（物），妨碍occasion n.时刻；重大（或特殊）活动；时机；起因|| vt.引起occupy vt.占，占用，占领；使忙碌，使从事occurrence n.发生的事情；发生odd a.奇特的；临时的；奇数的；剩余的|| n.可能性，机会offend vt.冒犯，伤害…的感情；使厌恶；违犯opening n.口子，洞；（正式的）开始；（职位的）空缺opponent n.敌手；反对者oppose vt.反对optimistic a.乐观（主义）的option n.选择；选择权；（供）选择的事情（或人），选课outcome n.结果outline n.提纲；外形，略图|| vt.概述；描…外形outlook n.观点；展望output n.产量；输出，输出功率|| vt.输出（信息、数据等）outset n.开始outstanding a.突出的；未解决的overall a.总体的；全部的|| ad.总的来说|| n.工装裤，工作服overlook vt.忽视；宽恕；俯瞰overtake vt.追上，超过；突然降临于overwhelm vt.（感情上）使受不了，使不知所措|| 征服，制服panic n.恐慌|| v.（使）恐慌partial a.部分的；(to)偏爱的；(to)偏向一方的participate vi.(in)参与passion n.激情；酷爱payment n.支付的款项；支付peculiar a.奇怪的；特有的peer n.同龄人，同等地位的人；贵族|| vi.仔细看penalty n.处罚，罚金penetrate v.透入，渗入；刺入；洞察pension n.养老金|| vt.发给…养老金（或退职金、抚恤金等）perceive vt.感知；认识到perception n.感知（能力）；认识，观念permanent a.永久（性）的permission n.允许persist vi.(in)坚持不懈；继续存在personality n.人格；人物personnel n.[总称]人员；人事部门perspective n.视角；远景；透视画法persuasion n.说服（力），劝说|| 信念，信仰pessimistic a.悲观（主义）的phase n.阶段；方面；（月）相|| vt.分阶段实行（或计划）phenomenon n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物platform n.（政党的）纲领plausible a.有道理的，似乎正确的，貌似可信的pledge n.保证，誓言|| vt.保证，许诺plot n.故事情节；（秘密）计划|| vt.密谋；绘制…的平面图|| vi.密谋polish vt.磨光；修改，润色|| n.擦光剂，上光腊poll n.民意测试；政治选举|| vt.对…进行民意测试portion n.一部分，一份|| vt.(out)分配portray vt.描写，描绘；扮演，饰演pose vt.造成；提出（问题等），陈述（论点等）|| vi.摆姿势（拍照）postpone vt.推迟potential a.潜在的|| n.潜力practical a.实际的；切合实际的precaution n.预防，警惕preceding a.在先的preferable a.更可取的prejudice n.偏见|| vt.使有偏见；对…不利，损害preliminary a.预备的，初步的|| n.初步做法，起始行为prescription n.处方，药方，（医生开的）药；开处方，开药方presentation n.提供；外观，（显示的）图像；报告；表演preserve vt.保护，维持；保存；腌制pressure n.压（力）；强制|| vt.对…施加压力（或影响），迫使，说服presumably ad.大概prevail vi.流行；(over)获胜；(on, upon)说服preview n.（电影、戏剧等的）预映，预演；（电影等的）预告（片）previous a.先，前；(to)在…之前primitive a.原始的；简单的|| n.原（始）人，原始事物principle n.原则，原理；基本信念prior a.优先的priority n.优先（权），重点；优先考虑的事privilege n.特权，优惠procedure n.程序proceed vi.进行；（沿特定路线）行进，（朝特定方向）前进process n.过程；工序；（法律）程序|| vt.加工productive a.多产的，富饶的；富有成效的profile n.（面部或头部的）侧面（像）；传略；轮廓；姿态profit n.利润|| vt.有益于|| vi.(by, from)得益prohibit vt.禁止prominent a.突出的；突起的promote vt.发扬；提升；宣传prompt vt.促使，推动；提示|| a.敏捷的，迅速的|| n.题词，提示proof n.证据；校样，样张|| a.耐…的property n.财产；房产；性质proportion n.比例；部分，份儿；均衡propose v.提议；提名；打算；求婚prospect n.前景；景象；有希望的候选人|| vt.(for)勘探prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣protest n. / v.抗议，反对prove vt.证明，证实|| vi.结果是provided conj.假如provision n.供应；准备；条款；给养provoke vt.对…挑衅；激起publicity n.公众的注意，名声；宣传punctual a.严守时刻的pursue vt.继续；追赶；追求puzzle v.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思|| n.智力测验；难题qualify v.（使）胜任，（使）合格quit v.停止；离开，辞（职）quote v.引用|| n.论文；报价；引号rack n.挂架，搁架|| vi.使痛苦；使紧张，使努力range n.幅度|| vi.（在某范围内）变动；(over)论及ratio n.比率rational a.理智的；合理的readily ad.乐意地；容易地；很快地realistic a.现实的；实际可行的；逼真的realm n.界，领域；王国reap vt.收割，收货；获得，得到rear n.后部；后方|| a.后部的；后方的|| vt.抚养，饲养，种植reasonable a.通情达理的；合理的；（价钱）公道的rebel n.反叛分子，反对者|| vi.反叛；反对recall vt.回忆起；召回；收回|| vi.记得，回想receipt n.发票；收入，进款；收到recession n.（经济的）衰退，衰退期reckon vt.认为；(on)指望；测算recognition n.认出；承认；赏识，表彰recommend vt.推荐；劝告；使成为可取reconcile vt.使协调；使和解；(to)使顺从（于），使甘心（于）recreation n.娱乐活动recruit vt.招募（新兵），吸收（新成员）|| n.新兵，新成员reduction n.减少；下降refer vi.(to)涉及；指的是；参考|| vt.引…参考（或查询）refine vt.精炼；使优美，使完善reform vt.改革，改造|| vi.改正，改过自新|| n.改革，改造refresh v.（使）振作精神，（使）恢复活力refusal n.拒绝regulate vt.管理；调整reinforce vt.增强，增援reject vt.拒绝；退回|| n.被拒货品，不合格产品relay vt.传送，传达，转述；中继转播，接替，补充，转运release vt. / n.释放；接触；放开；发布relevant a.有关的，切题的reliable a.可靠的relief n.轻松；减轻；使得到调剂；接替relieve vt.使轻松；缓解；接替remark vt.评论说|| vi.(on)谈论，评论|| n.谈论，评论remarkable a.值得注意的；异常的remedy n.补救办法；药品|| vt.补救；医治remind vt.提醒；使发生联想render vt.使得；给予；翻译renew v.继续；（使）更新；延长（…的）有效期reproduce v.复制，再现；繁殖request vt. / n.请求resemble vt.像reservation n.（住处、座位等的）预订；保留，犹豫resign vi.辞职|| vt.辞去；(to)使顺从resistant a.(to)抵抗的，抗…的，耐…的resolve vt.解决；决定；(into)分解|| vi.决定|| n.决心resort vi.(to)求助，凭借|| n.求助；常去之地resource n.[pl.]资源；应付办法respectively ad.分别地responsible a.有责任感的；责任重大的restore vt.恢复；修复；归还restrain vt.阻止；抑制restraint n.抑制；约束措施resume v.（中断后）重新开始|| n.摘要；简历retain vt.保留retreat vi.退却；退缩|| n.退却；退缩；隐退处reveal vt.揭露，泄露；展现revenge n.报复|| vt.为…报仇，报…之仇revenue n.（尤指大宗的）收入；（政府的）税收revise vt.修订；复习|| vi.复习revolve vi.旋转reward n.报答；报酬|| vt.报答rid vt.(of)使摆脱rigid a.严格的，死板的；刚硬的ritual n.（宗教等的）仪式；例行公事|| a.例行的rival n.竞争对手；可与匹敌的人（或物）|| a.竞争的rob vt.抢劫；(of)（非法）剥夺rouse vt.惊起，唤醒routine n.例行公事|| a.例行的，常规的sake n.缘故satisfactory a.令人满意的scandal n.丑闻；流言蜚语；反感，愤慨scarce a.缺乏的；稀少的scare n.惊恐|| vt.吓，使害怕|| vi.受惊吓，感到害怕scatter vt.撒，撒播；使散开|| vi.分散scenery n.风景；舞台布景schedule n.时刻表，日程安排表；清单|| vt.安排，排定scheme n.计划；阴谋|| v.密谋scope n.（活动，影响等的）范围；机会script n.剧本，广播稿；文字体系；笔迹，手迹section n.部分；章节；部门；截面secure a.安全的，牢固的|| vt.得到；使安全，保卫；缚牢security n.安全；抵押品；证券seek vt.寻找，追求；征求（意见），请求（帮助）；试图seemingly ad.表面上，看上去selection n.选择；被挑选出来的人（或物），精选品seminar n.（大学的）研究班，研讨会senior a.资格较老的|| n.（中学或大学的）毕业班学生sensible a.明知的，合情理的sensitive a.敏感的；易受伤的session n.会议；（从事某项活动的）集会（或一段时间）setting n.环境；设定地位置sheer a.完全的；陡峭的|| ad.陡峭地|| vi.(off)急转向，偏离shelter n.掩蔽处；住所；掩蔽|| vt.掩蔽|| vi.躲避shift v.移动，转移；改变|| n.转换；（轮或换）班shortage n.不足shrink vi.起皱，收缩；退缩|| vt.使起皱，使收缩siege n.包围，围困sightseeing n.观光significant a.相当数量的；重要的；意味深长的simplicity n.简单；朴素singular a.单数的；非凡的sketch n.略图；梗概；素描|| vt.给…的略图；概述skim vi.撇（去）；掠过；浏览|| vt.浏览，略读skip vi.跳，蹦蹦跳跳；跳绳|| vt.跳过，略过，漏过|| n.跳，蹦跳slender a.苗条的；微薄的slight a.轻微的；纤细的，瘦弱的|| vt. / n.轻视slip vi.滑落；溜走；下降|| vt.悄悄放进|| n.疏漏sole a.单独的；独有的|| n.脚底，鞋底，袜底solemn a.严肃的；庄严的，隆重的solution n.解决；解答；溶液sophisticated a.老练的；精密的；高雅的source n.源（泉）；来源span n.一段时间；跨距|| vt.持续；横跨spark n.火花|| vi.发出火花|| vt.(off)触发specific a.特定的；明确的|| n.详情specify vt.明确说明speculate vi.(about, on)推测；投机|| vt.推测spill v.（使）溢出，（使）洒落|| n.溢出spiritual a.精神（上）的；宗教（上）的split vi.分裂，被撕裂|| vt.使分裂；劈开，撕裂；分担|| n.裂口；分裂sponsor n.发起者，赞助者|| vt.发起；资助；支持spur n.刺激（物），激励|| vt.激励spy n.间谍|| vi.当间谍；(on)暗中监视|| vt.发现；侦探，刺探squeeze vt.挤出；压榨；捏|| vi.挤|| n.挤；握（手）；拮据stable a.稳定的；沉稳的|| n.马厩staff n.全体职工，全体人员|| vt.为…配备（人员）stain vt.沾污，染色|| n.污迹stake n.标桩；利害关系；赌本|| vt.以…打赌，拿…冒险stale a.不新鲜的；过时的standpoint n.立场startle vt.使惊吓，使吃惊status n.地位；情形steady a.平稳的；持续的；稳重的|| v.（使）平稳steer vt.驾驶；引导|| vi.驾驶Stem n.茎，干；词干|| vi.(from)起源于|| vt.堵住，止住sticky a.粘性的；（天气）湿热的；困难stiff a.硬的；不灵活的；拘谨的；艰难的；（风等）强烈的|| ad.极其stimulate vt.刺激，激励sting vi.刺|| vt.刺；刺痛；激怒|| n.（昆虫的）蜇刺；刺（痛）stir vt.搅拌；激起|| vi.微动；（某种感情）产生|| n.激动，骚动stock n.备料；股票；世系|| v.储备|| a.常用的strain n.拉紧；极度紧张；张力|| vt.扭伤；尽力使用；紧张strait n.海峡；[常pl.]困境，窘境，危难stride vi.大踏步走|| n.大步；步法，步态；[常pl.]进展，进步string n.弦，线，一行|| vt.用线串；（用线）悬挂，系住subject n.（试验等的）对象||vt.(to)使服从；使遭受submerge vi.潜入水中|| vt.浸没submit vi.(to)屈服|| vt呈送；主张subsequent a.随后的substantial a.可观的；牢固的；实质的substitute n.代用品|| vt.代替|| vi.(for)代替subtle a.微妙的，难于捉摸的；诡秘的，狡诈的；隐约的succession n.连续；接替successive a.接连的suck v.吸，吮suitable a.合适的summarize vt.概括，总结summit n.峰顶；最高级会议superb a.极好的，高质量的superficial a.肤浅的；表面的superior a.上级的；(to)较好的|| n.上级，长官supplement n.增补（物）；增刊|| vt.增补supreme a.最高的；极度的surplus n.过剩|| a.过剩的，多余的surrender vi.投降；(to)屈服（于）|| vt.放弃|| n.投降，放弃survey n.调查；测量；概括论述|| vt.调查；测量survive vi.活下来，继续存在|| vt.从…逃出；比…活得长suspend vt.暂停；悬suspicion n.怀疑，涉嫌；一点儿sustain vt.保持；供养；支持sway vi.摇摆|| vt.使摇摆；使改变看法|| n.摇摆swift a.迅速的；敏捷的swing v.（使）摇摆；（使）旋转|| n.摆动；秋千switch v.转变|| n.开关；转变symbol n.符号；象征sympathize vi.同情；赞同symptom n.症状；征兆tackle vt.对付；与…交涉；（足球等比赛中）阻截|| n.阻截；用具tame a.驯服的；沉闷的|| vt.制服target n.目标|| vt.瞄准tedious a.乏味的，冗长的temper n.脾气；韧度|| vt.调和；使回火temporary a.暂时的temptation n.诱惑tend vi.易于；趋向|| vt.照管tendency n.趋向tender a.嫩的|| vt.（正式）提出|| vi.(for)投标|| n.投标tense a.紧张的；拉紧的|| v.（使）拉紧|| n.（动词的）时态terminal a.末端的|| n.（海、陆、空运输路线的）终点（站）terrify vt.使害怕，使惊吓；使人感到恐怖terror n.恐怖活动；引起恐怖的人（或事）theme n.主题，题目therapy n.治疗thoughtful a.沉思的；体贴的threaten vt.威胁；是…的征兆|| vi.构成威胁，可能发生thrive vi.兴旺，繁荣tide n.潮汐；潮流tolerate vt.容许，承认；容忍tone n.腔调；风格；色调|| vt.(up)增强tough a.困难的；坚强的；粗暴的trace vt.查出；追溯；描摹|| n.痕迹；微量tragedy n.灾难；悲剧（艺术）transaction n.交易，业务transfer vt.转移；调动，转学|| vi.迁移；调动，转学；转车transform vt.改革；变换transmit vt.传播；传送transparent a.透明的；明显的treaty n.条约，协定tremble vi.颤抖；摇晃；担心|| n.颤抖；摇晃tremendous a.巨大的；精彩的trend n.趋向；时新款式trim vt.修剪；削减；装饰|| a.面条的；整齐的|| n.修剪，整修triumph n.胜利；（胜利或成功的）喜悦|| vi.获胜troublesome a.令人烦恼的twist vt.使缠绕；转动；捻|| vi.旋转；曲折前进|| n.弯曲；转折ultimate a.极端的；最后的|| n.终极，极限uncover vt.揭露；揭开…的盖子undergo vt.经历underline vt.在…下面划线；强调undo vt.解开；取消uneasy a.心神不安的unfold vi.展开，打开；显露，展现||vt.展开，打开unique a.唯一的；极不寻常的unity n.团结；和睦universal a.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的upset vt.使心烦意乱；打乱|| n.翻倒；（肠胃等）不适|| a.心烦的urge vt.鼓励；催促|| n.强烈的欲望utilize vt.利用vacant a.未被占用的；（职位、工作等）空缺vacation n.休假|| vi.度假vague a.含糊的vain a.徒劳的；自负的valid a.有根据的；有效的valuable a.贵重的|| n.贵重物品（指首饰）value n.价值；价值观念|| vt.尊重；评价vanish vi.突然不见；不复存在variation n.变化；变体；变奏（曲）vary vi.变化|| vt.改变vehicle n.传播媒介，手段verify vt.核实；证明version n.版本；说法via prep.通过vibrate v.（使）振动，（使）摇摆view n.看法；景色|| vt.看待；观察viewpoint n.观点vigorous a.精力充沛的violate vt.违反；亵渎；侵犯，妨碍violence n.暴力；猛烈virtual a.事实上的，实际上的virtue n.美德；优点visible a.看得见的visual a.视觉的vivid a.生动的；鲜艳的volume n.书卷；体积；音量voluntary a.自愿的vote n.选票；选举；表决结果|| v.投票waken vi.醒来|| vt.唤醒wander vi.漫游；走神ward n.病房，保卫，看护，收容所；（城市的）区；受监护人warn v.警告welfare n.福利widespread a.分布（或散布）广的，普遍的willingness n.意愿；愿望withdraw vt.提款；撤退；收回withstand vt.经受witness n.目击者；证据|| vt.目击；为…作证workforce n.劳动力worldwide a. / ad.世界范围（的）worth prep.值…钱的，值得…的|| n.价值worthwhile a.值得（做）的worthy a.(of)值得的；可尊敬的wreck vt.破坏；造成…失事|| n.失事；精神活身体已垮的人。

AA,anart.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件abandonv.放弃;抛弃abilityn.能力,智能;才能,才干ablea.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的able to inf. 能,会aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）abortionn.流产，夭折aboutad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近a.准备be about to+inf.即将aboveprep.在…上面,超过,高于a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面,以上above all首要,尤其abroadad.到国外,在国外;到处absencen.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有absenta.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的absolutea.绝对的,完全的absorbv.吸收;吸收,使专心be absorbed in专心于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂；陋习，弊端V 滥用，虐待，辱骂academica.学院的;学术的acceptv.接受,认可;同意,认可acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受,验收;承认,认可accessn.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方法have/gain access to可以获得accidentn.事故;意外的事,偶然的事by accident偶然accompanyv.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏accomplishv.完成according to按照,根据accountn.账（目,户）;叙述,说明v.说明,解释account for说明（原因等）on account of因为,由于take …into account考虑accuratea.精确的,准确的accusev.（of）控告,谴责accustomeda.惯常的,习惯的be accustomed to习惯于achev.痛n.疼痛,酸痛achievev.完成;达到,达成,获得achievementn. 完成;达到, ,获得acidn.酸a.酸的acquirev.取得,获得;学到acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔actv.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例actionn.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用activea.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的activistn.积极分子，活动分子actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的ActuallyAd.事实上ad=advertisementn.广告adaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写addv.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说add up to合计,总计additionn.(增)加,加法;附加(物)in addition另外in addition to除...之外addressn.地址,通讯处,致词v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话adequatea.足够的,充分的,恰当的v.毗连,靠近adjustv.调节,调整,校正)administrationn.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府admirev.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕admitv.让...进入,接纳;承认adoptv.采用,采纳,通过;收养adultn.成(年)人a.成年人的,已成熟的advancev.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前n.前进,进展;预付,预支in advance提前,预先advanceda. 高级的,先进的,前进的advantagen.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用adventuren.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇advertisev.做广告advertisementn.广告advicen.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见advisablen.可取的,适当的advisev.劝告,忠告;建议;通知v.提倡,鼓吹aeroplane/airplanen.飞机aerospacen.太空,宇宙空间affairn.事,事情,事件affectv.影响;感动affectionn.爱,慈爱,感情;影响affordv.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予afraida.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的African.非洲Africana.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在...后面conj.在...后ad.以后,后来afternoonn.下午,午后againad.又,再(次),重新againstprep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比agen.年龄;时期,时代v.变老,老化agoad.以前,...前agonyn.苦恼,痛苦agreev.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合agreementn.同意,一致;协定,协议agriculturen.农业aheadad.在前,向前,提前,前头ahead of在...前面,先于aidv.援助,救援,帮助n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备aimv.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对n.目标,目的airn.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风in the air在流行中,在传播中aircraftn.航空器,飞机airlinen.航线;航空公司airplanen.飞机airportn.机场,航空站alarmn.警报;惊恐,惊慌v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alikea.相同的,想像的alivea.活着着;活跃的,热闹的alla.所有的,全部的pron.一切,全部ad.完全,都,十分above all首要,尤其after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都all out全力以赴,竭尽全力all over遍及,到处all right行,可以;顺利,良好at all完全,根本in all总共,共计not at all一点也不allowv.允许,准许;承认;让...得到allow for考虑到allowancen.津贴,补助(费)make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅almostad.几乎,差不多alonea.单独,独立,独一无二的ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管let alone更不用说alongprep.沿着ad.向前along with与...一起aloudad.出声地,大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyad.已,已经alsoad.也,同样;而且,还alterv.改变,变更althoughconj.尽管,虽然,即使altogetherad.完全,全部地;总共;总之aluminum/aluminiumn.铝alwaysad.永远,始终;总是,一直amazev.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹amazinga.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的,ambitionn.雄心,野心ambitiousa.有雄心的,野心勃勃的ambulancen.救护车American.美洲;美国Americana.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的n.美国人;美国人among(st)prep.在…之中,在...中间amountn.数量,总额v.(to)合计,总共达,等于amusev.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣)analysisn.分析,分解analyze/analysev.分析,分解ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorn.锚v.抛锚,停泊ancienta.古代的,古老的andconj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又angeln.天使angern.(愤)怒,气愤v.使发怒,激怒anglen.角;角度,方面,观点angrya.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的animaln.动物,野兽,牲畜a.动物的,野兽的anklen.踝announcev.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到annoyv.使恼怒,使生气,打搅annuala.每年的,年度的n.年刊,年鉴anothera.另一,再一;别的,不同的pron.另一个,类似的一个one after another一个接一个one another互相answerv.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合n.回答,答复,答案antarctica.南极(区)的n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈)antennan.天线anxietyn.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望anxiousa.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的anya.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些ad.稍,丝毫anybodypron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物anyhowad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法anyone=anybodypron.任何人,无论谁anythingpron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事(物)anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不anyway=anyhowad.无论如何anywheread.在什么地方,无论哪里apart2ad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔apart from除去apologyn.道歉,歉意,认错apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器,装置apparenta.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的appealv.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉appearv.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛appearancen.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观appetiten.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求applen.苹果(树)appliancen.用具,器具appliantn.申请者applicationn.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用applyv.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用appointv.任命,委任;约定,指定appointmentn.任命,委任;约定,指定appreciatev.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识approachv.靠近,接近,邻近n.方法,途径;探讨appropriatea.(to)适当的,恰如其分的approvaln.赞成,同意;认可,批准approvev.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过approximatelyad.近似地,大约Apriln.四月Arabn.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯的Arabiann.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯(人)的archaeologyn.考古学architecturen.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学arctica.北极(区)的n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈arean.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域arguev.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服argumentn.争论,辨认;论据,论点arisev.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生arithmeticn.算术armn.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武装v.武装,装备armyn.军(队),陆军;大群aroundad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地arousev.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起arrangev.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备arrangementn.安排，准备工作；整理，布置arrestv./n.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物arrivev.到达,来到arrive at达到,得出arrown.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物artn.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科articlen.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词artificiala.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的artistn.艺术家,美术家artistica.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的asad.一样,同样conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管prep.作为,如同ashn.灰(烬)ashameda.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊Asian.亚洲Asiana.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人asidead.在旁边,到旁边aside from除...以外askv.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请asleepa.睡着的aspectn.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面assemblev.集合,集会,会议;装配assemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配assessv.估价,评价assetn. （pl.）资产，财产；有用的资源，宝贵的人/物；优点，益处assignv.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等)assignmentn.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assistv.帮助,援助,协助assistantn.助手,助教a.辅助的,助理的associatev.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行a.副的associationn.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想assumev.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现assurev.使确信,使放心;保证,担保astonishv.使惊讶,使吃惊astronautn.宇航员astronomyn.天文学atprep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的n.[the Atlantic]大西洋atmospheren.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位)atomn.原子;微粒,微量atomica.原子的，原子能的在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲词汇表第 3 页attachv.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋attached to附属于,隶属于attackv./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始n.(病)发作attemptv.尝试,试图n.(at)企图,努力attendv.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理attentionn.注意(力),留心;立正pay attentin to注意attituden.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势attorneyn.律师attractv.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等) attractionn.吸引,吸引力attractivea.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的attributen.属性,品质,特征v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为auctionn.拍卖vt.拍卖audiencen.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见audion./a.声音（的），听觉(的)；音频（的），音响（的）Augustn.八月auntn.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母Australian.澳大利亚,澳洲Australiana.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的n.澳大利亚人authorn.作者;创始人authorityn.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]当局,官方auton.汽车automaticn.自动机构a.自动的,无意识的,机械的automobilen.汽车autumnn.秋(季)auxiliarya.辅助的,补助的availablea.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的avenue n.林荫道,大街;途径,手段averagen.平均(数)a.平均的;通常的,一般的avoidv.避免,回避,逃避awakea.醒着的,警觉的v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到awardn.奖(品)v.授予,奖给awarea.(of)知道的,意识到的awayad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去right away立即,马上awfula.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的ad.十分,极度地awkwarda.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的ax/axen.斧(子)axisn.轴(线);构图中心线Bbabyn.婴儿,孩子bachelorn.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位)backn.背(面),后面a.后面的ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前v.后退;支持backgroundn.背景,经历backwarda.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向bacterium([pl.]bacteria)n.细菌bagn.袋,包baggagen.行李balancev.称,(使)平衡n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款balln.球,球状物;舞会balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bankn.岸,堤;银行,库v.存入银行bankern. 银行家bankrupta.破产的barn.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍barbern.理发师barea.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露bargainn.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交barkv.吠叫,咆哮n.吠声,狗叫声barreln.桶;枪管,炮管barriern.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)basen.基础,底部;基地,根据地v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据baseballn.棒球basementn.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basica.基本的,基础的Basicallyad.基本地，根本地basinn.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basisn.基础,根据on the basis of根据,在...的基础上basketn.篮(子),篓basketballn.篮球bathn.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡batteryn.电池(组);炮兵连,炮组battlen.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bev.(就)是,等于;(存)在;到达,来到,发生beachn.海滩,湖滩,河滩beamn.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑;发光4beann.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bearn.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担,负荷;结果实,生子女beardn.胡须beastn.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beatn.敲打,敲击声,节拍;(心脏等)跳动,搏动v.打,敲;打败,战胜;(心脏等)跳动,搏动beautifula.美(好)的beautyn.美(丽);美人,美丽的东西becauseconj.因为becomev.成为,变得;适宜,同...相称bedn.床(位);苗床,圃,花坛;河床,矿床,海底been.(蜜)蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeprep.在…以前;在...前面,当着...的面conj.在...之前ad.前面,从前,早些时候begv.乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求beggarn.乞丐，穷人beginv.开始beginningn.开始,开端behalfn.利益on behalf of代表,为了behavev.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior/behaviourn.行为,举止;(机器的)特性behindprep.在…后面,落后于ad.在后,向后,落后beingn.生物,人;存在,生存beliefn.信仰,信条;相信,信念believev.(in)相信,信仰;认为bell n.钟,铃belongv.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)beloveda./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人belowprep.在...下面,在...以下ad.在下面,向下beltn.(皮)带,腰带;地带benchn.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneathprep.在…下边,在...之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefitn.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benta.弯曲的besideprep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比besidesprep.除...之外ad.而且,还有besta.最好的ad.最,最好(地)betv.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注bettera.较好的,更好的ad.更好(地)v.改良,改善n.较佳者,较优者betweenprep.在(两者)之间ad.当中,中间beyondprep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出ad.在那边,在远处Biblen.圣经bicyclen.自行车bidv.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标biga.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的biken.自行车billn.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billionnum./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿bindv.捆,绑,包括,束缚biographyn.传记biologyn.生物学birdn.鸟,禽birthn.出生,分娩;出身,血统birthdayn. 生日biscuitn.饼干,点心bitn.一点,一片,一些bitev./n.咬,叮n.一口bittera.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的blacka.黑(色)的,黑暗的n.黑人,黑色blackboardn.黑板bladen. 刀刃，刀片；叶片；翼blamev.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blanka.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的n.空白;表格blanketn.毛毯,毯子blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛声v.爆炸,爆破bleedv.出血,流血blinda.瞎的;盲目的v.使失明;蒙蔽n.百叶窗blockn.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁bloodn.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质bloomn.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blowv.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆炸,爆裂在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲词汇表第 5 页n.打,殴打,一击,打击bluea.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的n.蓝色boardn.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷v.上船(车,飞机)on board在船(车,飞机)上boastv.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boatn.小船,艇bodyn.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boilv.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)bolda.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的boltn.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bombn.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bookn.书(籍);卷,篇,册v.预定,订(票,房间等)boomv.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bootn.(长统)靴boothn.电话亭,货摊bordern.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近borev.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦n.讨厌的人,麻烦事boringa.令人厌烦的n. 钻孔borna. 出生的；天生的，生来的n.(心)胸borrowvt. 借，借用bossn.工头,老板,上司v.指挥,支配,发号施令bothpron.二者,双方a.两,双both...and既...又...,两个都botherv.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心n.麻烦bottlen.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottomn.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床boundv./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正在)到...去的,开往...的boundaryn.分界线,边界bowv./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowln.碗(状物),钵boxn.箱(子),盒(子);包厢v.拳击,打耳光boxingn. 拳击boyn.男孩;男服务员,男仆brainn.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能brakev./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branchn.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,支脉,支线brandn.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印bravea.勇敢的breadn.面包breadthn.宽度,幅breakv.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反n.打断,中止;休息时间breakdownn.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌breakfastn.早饭,早餐v.吃早饭breastn.胸膛,乳房breathn.呼吸,气息breathev.呼吸,吸入breedv.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养n.品种,种类breezen.微风,和风brickn.砖(状物)briden.新娘bridgen.桥(梁)v.架桥,建桥briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报brighta.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的brillianta.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的bringv.带来,拿来;引起,导致Britisha.不列颠的;英国(人)的brittlea.易碎的,脆(弱)的broada.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的bronzen.青铜(色),青铜制品brothern.兄弟;同胞;教友brown.眉(毛);额browsev./n.浏览brownn./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)brushn.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过bubblen.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucketn.水桶,吊桶budgetn.预算v.做预算buildv.造,建筑,建设,建立build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼buildingn.建筑(物),房屋,大楼bulkn.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块in bulk散装;大批,大量bulletn.子弹,枪弹bunchn.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundlen.捆,包,束burdenn.担子,负担,重担bureaun.署,局,司,处burnv.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤6n.烧伤,灼伤burn out烧掉burstv.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作n.突然破裂,爆发buryv.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖busn.公共汽车trolley 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on请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发展;出场,上演come out出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局是;被解出come round/around来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through经历,脱险come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原come true实现,达到come up走近,上来;发生,被提出come up to达到,符合come up with提出,提供comfortn.舒适,安逸;安慰,慰问v.安慰,使舒适comfortablea.舒适的,自在的commandn.命令,指令;统帅,指挥(权);掌握,运用能力v.命令;指挥,统帅commandern.司令官，指挥官commentn.注释,评论,意见v.(on)注释,评论commercen.商业,贸易commerciala.商业的,商务的,贸易的commissionn.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费commitv.把...交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事)committeen.委员会,全体委员commodity在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试大纲词汇表第9 页n.商品,物品commona.普通的,平常的;(to)共同的,公共的in common共用,共有,共同communicatev.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话communicationn.通讯,传达,传送,交流;[pl.]通讯系统;[pl.]交通(工具)communismn.共产主义communista.共产主义的communityn.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体companionn.同伴,共事者;伴侣companyn.公司,商号;陪伴,同伴;宾客,客人;连(队),(一)群,(一)队,(一)伙keep company with与...交往,与...结伴comparablea.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的comparativea.比较的,相当的comparev.(with,to)比较,相比,对比;比作compare...to把...比作comparisonn.比较,对比,比喻,比拟by comparison比较起来compelv.强迫,迫使compensatev.(for)补偿,赔偿competev.比赛;竞争competenta.有能力的,胜任的competitionn.比赛;竞争competitorn.竞争者,敌手complainv.(about,of)抱怨;申诉complaintn.抱怨,诉苦;申诉;疾病completea.完全的,圆满的v.完成,结束,使完满complexa.复杂的;合成的,综合的n.联合体complicateda.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的complicationn.复杂,纠纷;并发症componentn.组成部分,成分,元件,部件a.组成的,合成的composev.组成,构成;(of)由...组成;创作(作曲,诗歌等)composern.作曲家;创作者compositionn.作品,作文,乐曲;写作,作曲;结构,组成,成分compoundn.混合物,化合物a.混合的,化合的,复合的comprehensiona.理解(力),领悟computern.计算机,电脑;计算者concealv.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽concentratev.(on)集中,专心;浓缩n.浓缩物concentrationn.专注，专心；集中；浓度conceptn.概念,观念,思想concernv.涉及,关系到v./n.关心,挂念n.(利害)关系as/so far as...be concerned就...来说be concened with关心,挂念,从事于concertn.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致concludev.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定conclusionn.结束,终结;结论,推论in conclusion最后,总之concretea.具体的,有形的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑,浇混凝土condemnv.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪conditionn.状况,状态;[pl.]环境,形势,条件on condition that在...条件下conditionern.调节装置，空调conductn.行为,举动,品行v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,电等)conductionn.传导conductorn.领队,(乐队)指挥;(电车等的)售票员,列车员;导体,导线conferencen.会议,讨论会confidencen.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密confidentn.(of,in)确信的,自信的confirmv.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认,批准conflictn.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突confusev.使混乱,混淆confusionn.混乱,混淆congratulatev.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词congratulationn.(on)祝贺,[pl.]祝贺词congressn.(代表)大会;[Congress](美国等国的)国会,议会connectv.(with)连接,连结connection/connexionn.联系,连接conquerv.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等)consciencen.良心,良知consciousa.(of)意识到的,自觉的;有意识的,神志清醒的conservevt..保存,保护,节约;守恒,不灭considerv.认为,把...看作;考虑,细想;体谅,照顾considerablea.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的consideratea.考虑周到的,体谅的considerationn.需要考虑的事,理由;考虑,思考;体谅,照顾consistv.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由…组成,由...构成consequentadj.作为结果的，随之发生的constanta.经常的,不断的;坚定的,永恒的,忠实的n.常数,恒量n.成分,要素constructv.建设,建造,构造;创立consultv.与...商量,请教;查阅;(with)商量,商议consultantn.会诊医师,顾问医生;顾问consumev.消费,消费,耗尽consumern.消费者,用户contactv./n.(使)接触,联系,交往contain10。

MBA 基本词汇(基本词汇是指比核心词汇难度略大、使用频率略低的必备大纲词汇，是阅读得高分的基础) abandon [ə'bændən] vt. 离弃，丢弃；遗弃，抛弃；放弃abide [ə'baid]vi. (by)遵守，坚持；(abode)持续，住，逗留vt.容忍，忍受；等候abnormal [æb'nɔ:məl]a. 反常的，不正常的，不规则的abolish [ə'bɔliʃ]vt. 废除(法律、习惯等)；取消abound [ə'baund]vi. 大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于abrupt [ə'brʌpt]a. 突然的，出其不意的；(行为等)粗鲁无礼的absolute ['æbsəlu:t]a. 绝对的，完全的；确实的，肯定的absorb [əb'sɔ:b]vt. 吸收(水、光、蒸汽等)；使全神贯注abstract [æb'strækt,'æbstrækt]a. 抽象的n. 摘要，梗概vt. 提取；摘录要点absurd [əb'sə:d]a. 荒谬的，荒诞的，荒唐可笑的；不合理的abundance [ə'bʌndəns]n. 丰富，充裕，大量abundant [ə'bʌndənt]a. 大量(充足)的；(in)丰富(富裕)的abuse [ə'bju:s,ə'bju:z]vt. 滥用；辱骂；诋毁n. 滥用；恶习；弊端academic [.ækə'demik]a. 学院的，大学的；学术性的；理论的academy [ə'kædəmi]n. (高等)专科院校；学术社团，协会，研究院accelerate [æk'seləreit]v. 使加速，使增速，促进vi. 加快，增加accent ['æksənt]n. 口音，腔调；重音(符号)vt. 重读acceptance [ək'septəns]n. 接受，接收，验收，接纳；承认，认可access ['ækses]n. 进入；接入；到达；享用权；入口vi. 存取acclaim [ə'kleim]v. 向…欢呼，公认n. 欢呼，喝彩，称赞accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit]vt. 向…提供住处；对…予以照顾性考虑accommodation [ə.kɔmə'deiʃn]n. 住宿，留宿；膳宿供应accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]v. 陪伴，陪同；伴随，和…一起发生，伴奏accomplish [ə'kɔmpliʃ]v. 实现(计划等)；达到(目的)；完成(任务)accord [ə'kɔ:d]vt. 给予(欢迎、称颂等)vi./n. 符合，一致accordance [ə'kɔ:dəns]n. 一致，和谐，符合according to [ə'kɔ:diŋtə]prep. 据/照…(所说、所写)；按…，视…accordingly [ə'kɔ:diŋli]ad. 相应地，照着办，按照；于是，因此account [ə'kaunt]n. 叙述，说明；账目，账户vi. 说明，解释accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit]vt. 堆积，积累，积聚vi. 累积，聚积accuracy ['ækjurəsi]n. 准确(性)；精确；准确度accurate ['ækjurit]a. 正确无误的；准确的，精确的acid ['æsid] n. 酸，酸性物质a. 酸的，酸味的；尖刻的acknowledge [ək'nɔlidʒ]vt. 承认；接受；告知(信件等的)收到；答谢acquaint [ə'kweint]vt. (with)使认识，使了解，使熟悉acquisition [.ækwi'ziʃən]n. 取得，学到，养成(习惯)；获得的东西acre ['eikə]n. 英亩；田地；地产activate ['æktiveit]vt. 启动，激活；驱动，驱使；使开始起作用addition [ə'diʃən]n. 加，加法；附加部分，增加(物)adhere [əd'hiə]vi. (to)粘着；坚持，遵守；依附，追随adjacent [ə'dʒeisnt]a. (to)(时间上)紧接着的；邻近的，毗邻的adjoin [ə'dʒɔin]v. 临近，靠近；贴近，毗连administer [əd'ministə]v. 施行，实施；掌管，料理…的事务；给予admission [əd'miʃən]n. 允许进入；承认；入场费，入会费，入场券adolescent [.ædə'lesnt]n. 青少年a. 青春期的，青少年的adore [ə'dɔ:]vt.崇拜，敬慕，爱慕；非常喜欢advanced [əd'vɑ:nst]a. 超前的，先进的；高级的；开明的；前进的advantage [əd'vɑ:ntidʒ]n. 优点，长处，有利条件；利益，好处advent ['ædvənt]n.(重要事件的)到来，来临adverse ['ædvə:s]a. 逆的，相反的；敌对的；不利的；有害的advocate ['ædvəkeit,'ædvəkit]n. 辩护者，拥护者，鼓吹者vt. 拥护，提倡affair [ə'fɛə]n.事务；事情(件)；(个人的)事affirm [ə'fə:m]vt. 断言，坚持声称；肯定；证实，确认；affluent ['æfluənt]a. 富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的afterwards ['ɑ:ftəwədz]ad. 以后，后来aggressive [ə'gresiv]a. 侵略的，好斗的，有进取心的，敢作敢为的agreeable [ə'gri:əbəl]a. 符合的；一致的；欣然同意的；令人愉快的agreement [ə'gri:mənt]n. 协定；协议；契约；达成协议；同意，一致air-conditioning ['ɛə kən'diʃəniŋ]n. 空调设备，空调系统aisle [ail]n. (教堂、教室、戏院等里的)过道，通道alcohol ['ælkəhɔl]n. 酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料alert [ə'lə:t]a. 机警的，警觉的；机灵的vt. 使…警觉alien ['eiljən]n. 外侨，外国人；外星人a. 外国的；相异的allege [ə'ledʒ]v. 断言，宣称；指控alleviate [ə'li:vieit]v. 减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等)allocate['æləkeit]v.分配，分派；拨给；划归allowance [ə'lauəns]n. 补贴，津贴；零用钱；减价，折扣；允许ally [ə'lai]n. 同盟者，同盟国vt. 使结盟；与…有关联alongside [ə'lɔŋ'said]ad. 在旁边prep. 和…在一起；在…旁边alphabet ['ælfəbit]n. 字母表；初步，入门alternate [ɔ:l'tə:nit,'ɔ:ltə:neit] a. 交替的，轮流的v. (使)交替，(使)轮流alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]n. 二选一；供选择的东西；取舍a. 二选一的altitude ['æltitju:d]n. 高度，海拔；(pl.)高处，高地ambassador [æm'bæsədə]n. 大使；特使，(派驻国际组织的)代表ambiguous [æm'bigjuəs]a. 引起歧义的，模棱两可的，含糊不清的ambitious [æm'biʃəs]a. 有抱负的，雄心勃勃的；有野心的amend [ə'mend]vt. 修改，修订，改进amiable ['eimjəbl]a. 和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的amid [ə'mid]prep. 在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕amount [ə'maunt]n. 总数，数量；数额v. 共计；等同，接近(to)ample ['æmpl]a. 充分的，富裕的；宽敞的，宽大的amplifier['æmplifaiə] n. 放大器，扩大器amplify ['æmplifai]vt. 放大，增强；详述，详加解说analogue['ænəlɔg]n.类似物；相似体；模拟analogy [ə'nælədʒi]n. 类似，相似，类比，类推analytic [.ænə'litik]a. 分析的；分解的analyze ['ænəlaiz]vt. 分析，分解anchor ['æŋkə]n./v. 锚；危难时可依靠的人或物；用锚泊船angle ['æŋgl]n. 角，角度v. 钓鱼；(采用各种方法)取得anguish ['æŋgwiʃ]n. (尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼ankle ['æŋkl]n. 足踝，踝关节anniversary[.æni'və:səri]n.周年，周年纪念日announce [ə'nauns]v. 正式宣布；发表；通告；广播(电台节目)anonymous [ə'nɔniməs]a. 匿名的，无名的，姓氏不明的antenna [æn'tenə]n. (无线电或电视的)天线antique [æn'ti:k]a. 古式的，过时的n. 有价值的古物，古董anxiety [æŋ'zaiəti]n. 挂念，焦虑，焦急，忧虑；渴望，热望anxious ['æŋkʃəs]a. 焦虑的，担心的；急于(得到的)，渴望的anyhow ['enihau]ad. 不管怎么说，无论如何；不论用何种方法anyway ['eniwei]ad. 不管怎么说，无论如何；不论以何种方式appall [ə'pɔ:l]v. 使惊骇，使恐怖apparatus [.æpə'reitəs]n. 器械，器具，仪器；机构，组织appendix [ə'pendiks]n. 附录，附属物；阑尾，盲肠applaud [ə'plɔ:d]vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞同vi. 鼓掌欢迎，欢呼applause[ə'plɔ:z]n.鼓掌；喝彩；夸奖，赞扬appliance [ə'plaiəns]n. 电器；器械，装置；应用，适用application [.æpli'keiʃən]n. 申请，请求，申请书；应用，实施，实用性apply [ə'plai]vi. (以书面形式)申请；请求vt. 应用；实施appointment [ə'pɔintmənt]n. 约会，约定；任命，委派；委任的职位approval [ə'pru:vəl]n. 批准，通过；赞成，同意approximate [ə'prɔksimit]a. 近似的vi. (to)接近apt [æpt] a. 恰当的，适当的；易于…的，有…倾向的arbitrary ['ɑ:bitrəri]a. 任意的，任性的，主观的；专断的，武断的arch [ɑ:tʃ]n. 拱门，桥拱洞v. 拱起，(使)变成弓形architect ['ɑ:kitekt] n. 建筑师；设计师；缔造者；创造者architecture ['ɑ:kitektʃə]n. 建筑，建筑学；建筑式样或风格，建筑物argue ['ɑ:gju:]vi. 辩论，争论vt. 辩论，论证；说服，劝说arithmetic [ə'riθmətik]n. 算术，四则运算a. 算术的arrange [ə'reindʒ]v. 安排，筹划；整理，使有条理，排列，布置array [ə'rei]n. 大量；排列；盛装v. 列阵；装扮；排列artery ['ɑ:təri]n. 动脉；干线，要道articulate [ɑ:'tikjuleit,ɑ:'tikjulit]a. 善于表达的；有关节相连的v. 清楚地讲话artistic [ɑ:'tistik]a. 艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的ascend [ə'send]vi. 渐渐上升，升高vt. 攀登，登上ascertain [.æsə'tein]vt. 确定，查明，弄清ash [æʃ]n. 灰，灰末；(pl.)骨灰；(pl.)废墟ashore [ə'ʃɔ:]ad. 上岸；在岸上，向岸上aspire [əs'paiə]vi. (to，after)渴望，追求，有志于assault [ə'sɔ:lt]v. 猛烈地攻击，袭击n. 突然而猛烈的攻击assembly [ə'sembli]n. 集合；会议；装配；(美)洲议会的众议院assert [ə'sə:t]vt. 断言，宣称；坚持；主张(权利、权威等)assess [ə'ses]vt. (为征税)评估(财产、收入)；征税；评价assignment [ə'sainmənt]n. 分配，指派；(指定的)作业，(分派的)任务assimilate [ə'simileit]vt. 吸收，消化；使同化vi. 被吸收；被同化assistance [ə'sistəns]n. 协作；援助；帮助assistant [ə'sistənt]a. 帮助的，辅助的n. 助手，助教；辅助物association [ə.səusi'eiʃən]n. 联盟，协会，社团；交往，联合；联想assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən]n. 假定，设想；采取；承担；推测；假装assurance [ə'ʃuərəns]n. 保证，担保；确信，断言；信心，信念astronomy [əst'rɔnəmi]n．天文学athlete ['æθli:t]n. 运动员，体育家，身强力壮的人atmosphere ['ætməsfiə]n. 大气(层)；空气；气氛，环境；大气压atom ['ætəm]n. 原子；微粒，微量attack [ə'tæk]v./n. 攻击，抨击；着手，开始n. (病)发作attain [ə'tein]vt. 达到；完成；获得vi. 达到attend [ə'tend]vt. 出席，参加；照顾，护理vi. 注意；侍奉attendant [ə'tendənt] n. 陪从；出席人；服务员a. 出席的；伴随的attention [ə'tenʃən] n. 注意，注意力；立正；特别照顾；照料attitude ['ætitju:d]n. 态度，看法(to, toward, about)；姿势attribute [ə'tribju:t,'ætribju:t]v. (to)归因于，归属于n. 属性，品质，特征audio ['ɔ:diəu]n./a. 音频(响)(的)；声音(的)，听觉(的)aural ['ɔ:rəl]a. 听觉的，听力的authentic [ɔ:'θentik]a. 真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的author ['ɔ:θə]n. 作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人automation [.ɔ:tə'meiʃən]n. 自动，自动化，自动操作automobile ['ɔ:təməubi:l]n. (口语)汽车autonomy [ɔ:'tɔnəmi]n. 自治，自治权auxiliary [ɔ:g'ziljəri]a. 辅助的，支援的n. 辅助者，辅助设备avail [ə'veil]n.效用，利益avenue ['ævinju:]n. 林荫路，大街；(比喻)途径，渠道，方法avert [ə'və:t]v. 防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)await [ə'weit]vt. 等候，期待；(事情等)降临于awe [ɔ:]n. 敬畏，惊惧vt. 使敬畏，使惊惧ax [æks]n. 斧子；削减vt. 用斧砍bachelor ['bætʃələ] n. 单身汉；(亦作B-)学士(学位)background ['bækgraund]n.背景，经历；幕后backward ['bækwəd]a. 向后的，倒行的；迟钝的ad. 向后，朝反方向bacon ['beikən]n. 咸猪肉，熏猪肉bacterium [bæk'tiəriəm]n. 细菌badge [bædʒ]n. 徽章，像章；标记；象征；记号badminton ['bædmintən]n. 羽毛球bake [beik]v. 烤，烘，焙；烧硬，焙干balcony ['bælkəni]n. 阳台；(电影院等的)楼厅，楼座bald [bɔ:ld]a. 秃的，秃头的balloon [bə'lu:n]n. 气球，飞船a. 气球状的v. 乘坐气球；膨胀bandage ['bændidʒ]n. 绷带v. 用绷带扎缚bang [bæŋ]n. 砰砰的声音；猛击v. 砰地关上，猛撞，猛击banner ['bænə]n. 旗(帜)barber ['bɑ:bə]n. 理发师barely ['bɛəli]ad. 赤裸裸地，无遮蔽地；仅仅，勉强，几乎没有bark [bɑ:k]vi. (狗等)吠，叫n. 吠声，叫声；树皮barn [bɑ:n]n. 谷仓，仓库barren ['bærən]a. 贫瘠的；不育的；(植物)不结果的；无用的basement ['beismənt]n. 建筑物的底部，地下室，地窖basin ['beisn]n. 盆，脸盆；内海，盆地bat [bæt] n. 球拍，球棒，短棒；蝙蝠batch [bætʃ]n. 一批，一组，一群bathe [beið]v. 游泳，洗澡，浸，弄湿battery ['bætəri]n. 电池(组)；(器具等的)一组，一套；炮兵连bay [bei] n. 海湾，(港)湾beam [bi:m]n. (横)梁，桁条；(光线的)束，柱v. 微笑beard [biəd]n. 胡须bearing ['bɛəriŋ]n. 轴承；忍受；关系，影响；举止；方向beast [bi:st]n. 兽，牲畜；凶残的人，举止粗鲁的人behave [bi'heiv]v. 举止，举动，表现；运转，开动behavior [bi'heivjə]n. 行为，举止；(机器等)运转情况beloved [bi'lʌvid]a./n. 受爱戴的，敬爱的；爱人，被心爱的人belt [belt]n. (皮)带，腰带；地带bench [bentʃ]n. 长凳，条凳；(工作)台，座bend [bend]v. (使)弯曲；屈从，屈服n. 弯曲(处)，曲折处beneath [bi'ni:θ]prep. 在…下边，在…之下ad. 在下方besides [bi'saidz]ad. 此外；并且prep. 于…之外；除…以外betray [bi'trei]v. 背叛，出卖；暴露，流露，泄露beware [bi'wɛə]v. 当心，谨防bewilder [bi'wildə] v. 使迷惑，难住beyond [bi'jɔnd]prep. 在(或向)…的那边，远于；超出；bias ['baiəs]n./v. (使有)偏见，偏心，偏袒bible ['baibl]n. 圣经billion ['biljən]num./n. (美)十亿，(英)万亿bin [bin] n. (贮藏食物等用的)箱子bind [baind]v. 捆，绑，包括，束缚biography [bai'ɔgrəfi]n. 传记；传记文学biscuit ['biskit]n. 饼干，点心bite [bait]v./n. 咬，叮n. 一口bitter ['bitə]a. (有)苦(味)的；痛苦的，厉害的bizarre [bi'zɑ:]a. 异乎寻常的，稀奇古怪的blackmail ['blækmeil]n. 讹诈，敲诈，勒索；胁迫，恫吓blade [bleid]n. 刀刃，刀片；桨叶；草叶，叶片blanket ['blæŋkit]n. 毯子(可数)；厚厚一层(可数)vt. 铺上一层blast [blɑ:st]n. 一阵(风)；爆炸冲击波；管乐器声v. 爆炸blaze [bleiz]n. 火焰；火光；闪光，光辉v. 燃烧，冒火焰bleed [bli:d]v. 出血，流血blend [blend]n. 混合(物)v. 混和，混杂bless [bles]v. 祝福，保佑blossom ['blɔsəm]n. 花(簇)；花期；青春vi. 开花；展开；繁荣blueprint ['blu:'print]n. 蓝图，设计图，计划vt. 制成蓝图，计划blunder ['blʌndə]v. (因无知等而)犯大错；踉踉跄跄地走n. 大错blunt [blʌnt]a. 率直的；钝的v. (使)钝；(使)迟钝blur [blə:]n. 模糊不清的事物；污点vt. 使模糊；玷污blush [blʌʃ]v./n. 脸红bolt [bəult]n. 螺栓，(门，窗的)插销v. 闩(门)，__________关窗，拴住boost [bu:st]n./vt. 提升；增加；抬高(价格)；支援booth [bu:θ]n. 电话亭，货摊bosom ['buzəm]n. 胸，胸部；胸怀；内心a. 亲密的bother ['bɔðə] vt. 打扰，麻烦vi. 担心，烦恼n. 烦恼，焦急bounce [bauns]n./vi. (球)弹起，弹回；弹起，跳起；n. 弹力bow [bəu,bau]v./n. 鞠躬，点头n. 弓(形)；蝴蝶结boycott ['bɔikɔt]n./v. (联合)抵制，拒绝参与brace [breis]v. 使防备；支撑；使(手，足，肩等)绷紧n. 托架bracket ['brækit]n. (方)括号brake [breik]v./n. 制动(器)，闸，刹车branch [brɑ:ntʃ]n. (树)条，分支；分店；(学科)分科，部门；支流brass [brɑ:s]n. 黄铜，铜器breach [bri:tʃ]n. 违反，不履行；破裂vt. 冲破，攻破breadth [bredθ]n. 宽度，幅breakdown ['breikdaun]n. 崩溃；衰竭；(关系、计划或讨论等的)中断breast [brest]n. 胸膛，乳房breath [breθ]n. 呼吸，气息breathe [bri:ð]v. 呼吸，吸入breeze [bri:z]n. 微风；轻而易举的事vi. 来去匆匆，急速走brick [brik]n. 砖块，砖v. 用砖围砌，用砖填补briefcase ['bri:fkeis]n. 手提箱，公事皮包brilliant ['briljənt]a. 光辉的，灿烂的；卓越的，有才华的brim [brim]n. 边缘，帽沿brisk [brisk]a. 轻快的；生气勃勃的；兴隆的brittle ['britl]a. 易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的broad [brɔ:d]a. 宽的，广阔的；广大的；宽宏的，豁达的broadcast ['brɔ:dkɑ:st]v./n. 广播(节目)bronze [brɔnz]n. 青铜；青铜色，古铜色；青铜制品，铜牌brook [bruk]n. 小溪vt.容忍brow [brau]n. 眉(毛)；额brutal ['bru:tl]a. 残忍的；严峻的；严酷的bubble ['bʌbl]n. 泡，水泡，气泡v. 冒泡，起泡，沸腾bucket ['bʌkit]n. 水桶，吊桶bud [bʌd]n. 芽，花苞v. 发芽，含苞欲放budget ['bʌdʒit]n. 预算v. 做预算bug [bʌg]n. 臭虫；小毛病；窃听器v. 窃听bulb [bʌlb]n. 灯泡，球状物bulk [bʌlk]n. 体积，容积；主体，大批，大量，大块bullet ['bulit]n. 子弹，枪弹bulletin ['bulitin]n. 公报，公告，告示bump [bʌmp]v. (against，into)碰；颠簸着前进n. 碰撞bunch [bʌntʃ]n. (一)簇，束，捆，串bundle ['bʌndl]n. 捆，包，束bureaucracy [bjuə'rɔkrəsi]n. 官僚主义，官僚机构；(非民选的)委任官员burglar ['bə:glə]n. (入室行窃的)盗贼bush [buʃ]n. 灌木(丛)butcher ['butʃə]n. 屠夫，卖肉者butterfly ['bʌtəflai] n. 蝴蝶bypass ['baipɑ:s]n. 旁道vt. 绕过cab [kæb]n. 出租车，出租马车；驾驶室vi. 乘出租马车cabin ['kæbin] n. 客舱，机舱；小(木)屋cable ['keibl]n. 电报；电缆；缆，索，钢丝绳v. 拍电报cafeteria [.kæfi'tiəriə]n. 自助食堂cage [keidʒ]n. 鸟笼calcium ['kælsiəm] n. 钙(化学符号Ca)calendar ['kælində] n. 日历，月历calm [kɑ:m]a. (天气，海洋等)静的n. 平静v. (使)平静calorie ['kæləri]n. 卡路里(食物所产生的热量或能量单位)camp [kæmp]n. 野营，营地；帐篷，阵营v. 设营，宿营campus ['kæmpəs] n. (大学)校园canal [kə'næl] n. 运河；(沟)渠cancer ['kænsə]n. 癌canoe [kə'nu:] n. 独木舟，小游艇canteen [kæn'ti:n]n. (工厂、办公室等)食堂或小卖部canvas ['kænvəs]n. 帆布；帆布画布，(帆布)油画cape [keip]n. 海角，岬；披肩，短披风capitalism ['kæpitəlizəm]n. 资本主义capsule ['kæpsju:l] n. 胶囊；太空舱captain ['kæptin]n. 首领，队长；船长；上尉v. 做…的首领，指挥captive ['kæptiv]n. 俘虏a. 被俘虏的，被监禁的carbon ['kɑ:bən]n. 碳caress [kə'res] vt./n. 爱抚，抚摸carpenter ['kɑ:pintə]n. 木工，木匠carpet ['kɑ:pit]n. 地毯carrier ['kæriə]n. 搬运人；载体cartoon [kɑ:'tu:n]n. 漫画，幽默画；动画片carve [kɑ:v]v. (雕)刻cashier [kæ'ʃiə]n. 收银员，出纳员cast [kɑ:st]v. 投，扔，掷，抛；铸造；投票n. 演员表casualty ['kæʒjuəlti]n. 伤亡人员；受害人；损失的东西；急诊室catalog ['kætəlɔ:g]n. 目录(册)v. 编目(录)catastrophe [kə'tæstrəfi] n. 大灾难；(悲剧)结局category ['kætigəri]n. 种类，部属，类目；范畴，类型cater ['keitə]vi. (for/to)满足，迎合；(for)提供饮食及服务cattle ['kætl]n. 牛；牲口，家畜cause [kɔ:z]n. 原因；事业，事件，奋斗目标v. 使产生，引起cautious ['kɔ:ʃəs]a. (of)小心的，谨慎的ceiling ['si:liŋ]n. 天花板；(规定价格、工资等的)最高限额cellar ['selə]n. 地窑，地下室cemetery ['semiteri]n. 坟墓，墓地，坟场census ['sensəs]n. 人口普查(调查)certainty ['sə:tnti]n. 必然，肯定；必然的事certify ['sə:tifai]vt. 证明，证实；发证书(或执照)给chain [tʃein]n. 链(条)；(pl.)镣铐；一连串v. 用链条拴住champagne [ʃæm'pein]n. 香槟酒；微黄色champion ['tʃæmpjən]n. 冠军，得胜者；拥护者，斗士chaos ['keiɔs] n. 混乱，紊乱chapter ['tʃæptə]n. 章；回，篇characterize ['kæriktəraiz]v. 表示…的特性；描述…特性charity ['tʃæriti]n. 慈善(团体)，仁慈，施舍chart [tʃɑ:t]n. 图表；航海图；航行图vt. 绘图表，制图表charter ['tʃɑ:tə]v. 租船，租车，租用飞机n. 宪章，特许状chat[tʃæt] v./n. 闲谈，聊天cheek [tʃi:k]n. 面颊，脸cheer [tʃiə]v. (使)振奋，(使)高兴v./n. 喝彩，欢呼chef [ʃef]n. (餐馆等的)厨师长，厨师cherish ['tʃeriʃ]vt. 抱有，怀有(希望等)；爱护，抚育；珍爱cherry ['tʃeri] n. 樱桃(树)chess [tʃes]n. 棋，国际象棋chew [tʃu:]v. 咀嚼；思量childhood ['tʃaildhud]n. 幼年，童年chimney ['tʃimni]n. 烟囱chin [tʃin]n. 下巴，颏china ['tʃainə]n. 瓷器chip [tʃip]n. 切屑，碎片；(土豆等的)薄片；集成电路块choke [tʃəuk] v. 窒息，噎住；闷塞，堵塞，阻塞chop [tʃɔp]v. 砍，劈，斩n. 排骨，肉块chorus ['kɔ:rəs]n. 合唱队；合唱v. 异口同声地说，随声附和chronic ['krɔnik]a. (疾病)慢性的；积习难改的；严重的，坏的cigarette [.sigə'ret]n. 香烟，纸烟，卷烟circuit ['sə:kit]n. 环行，周线，巡回；电路，线路circular ['sə:kjulə]a. 圆(形)的，环形的；循环的n. 传单，通报circus ['sə:kəs]n. 马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场cite [sait]v. 引用，引证，举(例)civilian [si'viljən]n. 平民a. 平民的；民用的civilize ['sivilaiz]v. 使文明，开化clap[klæp] v. 拍手，拍，轻拍n. 拍(手)，掌声，霹雳声clarify ['klærifai]v. 澄清，阐明clarity ['klæriti]n. 清晰，明晰clash [klæʃ]v./n. 碰撞n. 碰撞声clasp [klɑ:sp]n. 扣子，钩子；握手v. 扣住，钩住；紧握，紧抱classification [.klæsifi'keiʃən]n. 分类，分级clause [klɔ:z]n. (正式文件或法律文件的)条款；从句，分句claw [klɔ:]n. 爪，脚爪clay [klei]n. 粘土，泥土clergy ['klə:dʒi]n.牧师，神职人员clerk [klɑ:k]n. 职员，办事员；店员click [klik]n. 滴答声vi. 发出滴答声cliff [klif]n. 悬崖；峭壁climax ['klaimæks]n. 顶点，高潮cling [kliŋ]v. (to)粘住；依附；坚持clinic ['klinik]n. 诊所clip [klip]v. 剪，修剪；钳，夹住n. 夹，钳；回形针cloak [kləuk]n. 斗蓬，披风；掩饰，幌子vt. 掩盖，掩饰clockwise ['klɔkwaiz]a. 顺时针方向clone [kləun]n. 无性繁殖，克隆；复制品v. 克隆closet ['klɔzit] n. (壁)橱a. 私下的vt. 把…引进密室会谈clothe [kləuð] v. (给…)穿衣，供给…衣服clumsy ['klʌmzi]a. 笨拙的，愚笨的cluster ['klʌstə]n. 丛，群，串v. 群集，丛生clutch [klʌtʃ]v. 抓住，攫住，掌握n. 离合器coach [kəutʃ]n. 长途公共汽车；教练vt. 训练，指导，培训cocaine [kəu'kein]n. 可卡因，古柯碱(用作局部麻醉剂)code [kəud]n. 代码，代号，密码；法典，法规，规划coherent [kəu'hiərənt]a. 一致的，协调的；(话语等)条理清楚的cohesive [kəu'hi:siv]a.粘合性的,有结合力的coil [kɔil]v. 卷，盘绕n. (一)卷，(一)圈；线圈，绕组coincide [.kəuin'said]vi. 同时发生；巧合；一致；相符；coke [kəuk]n. 焦炭；可口可乐(Coca-Cola)的缩写collaborate [kə'læbə.reit]vi. 协作，合作；(与敌人)勾结collar ['kɔlə]n. 衣领；环状物collective [kə'lektiv]n. 集体a. 集体的，共同的collide [kə'laid]vi.互撞，碰撞；冲突，抵触collision [kə'liʒən] n. 碰撞；(利益，意见等的)冲突，抵触colonel ['kə:nl]n. (陆军)上校colonial [kə'ləunjəl]a. 殖民地的，关于殖民的n. 殖民地居民colony ['kɔləni]n. 殖民地；侨民；聚居区；(动植物的)群体column ['kɔləm]n. 圆柱，柱状物；列；(报刊中的)专栏comb [kəum]n. 梳子v. 梳(理)combat ['kɔmbət]n. 战斗，搏斗，格斗v. 战斗，搏斗，格斗combination [.kɔmbi'neiʃən] n. 结合，联合；化合；团体；组合数码comedy ['kɔmidi]n. 喜剧；喜剧性事件comfort ['kʌmfət]n. 舒适，安逸；安慰，慰问v. 安慰，使舒适comfortable ['kʌmfətəbl]a. 舒适的，舒服的；感到舒适的，安逸的comic ['kɔmik]a. 喜剧的，滑稽的n. 连环漫画杂志；喜剧演员commemorate [kə'meməreit]vt. 纪念，庆祝commence [kə'mens]vt. 开始vi. 获得学位commend [kə'mend]v. 称赞，表扬：委托保管；推荐commonplace ['kɔmənpleis]a. 普通的，平庸的n. 寻常的事物，平庸的东西commonwealth ['kɔmənwelθ]n. 共和国，联邦，共同体communism ['kɔmjunizəm]n. 共产主义compact [kəm'pækt]a. 紧密的，结实的；简明的v. 使紧凑，压缩companion [kəm'pænjən]n. 同伴，共事者；伴侣comparable ['kɔmpərəbl]a. (with，to)可比较的，比得上的comparative [kəm'pærətiv]a. 比较的，相当的comparison [kəm'pærisn]n. 比较，对比，比喻，比拟compartment [kəm'pɑ:tmənt] n. 卧车包房，(客车车厢内的)隔间；分隔的空间compass ['kʌmpəs] n. 罗盘，指南针；(pl.)圆规compatible [kəm'pætəbl]a. 能和睦相处的，合得来的；兼容的compensation [.kɔmpen'seiʃən]n. 补偿(或赔偿)的款物；补偿，赔偿competent ['kɔmpitənt]a. 有能力的，能胜任的；足够的competition [.kɔmpi'tiʃən]n. 竞争，比赛；角逐，较量；/总称/竞争者competitive [kəm'petitiv]a. 竞争的；好竞争的；(价格等的)有竞争力的compile [kəm'pail] vt. 编辑，编制，搜集complement ['kɔmplimənt]n. 补足物，船上的定员；补语vt. 补充，补足complicate ['kɔmplikeit]v. 使…复杂；使…难懂；使(疾病等)恶化；complication [.kɔmpli'keiʃən]n. 复杂，纠纷；并发症compliment ['kɔmplimənt]n. (pl.)问候，致意n./v. 称赞，恭维comply [kəm'plai]v. (with)遵照，照做，应允；顺从，服从component [kəm'pəunənt]n. 组成部分，成分，元件a. 组成的，合成的composite ['kɔmpəzit]a. 混合成的，综合成的n. 合成物，复合材料compound ['kɔmpaund,kɔm'paund]n.混合物，化合物a.混合的，化合的vt.混合comprehend [.kɔmpri'hend]vt. 理解，领会；包含，包括comprise [kəm'praiz]vt. 包含，包括，由…组成；构成，组成compulsory [kəm'pʌlsəri]a. 必须做的，强制性的，(课程)必修的concede [kən'si:d]vt. 承认；容许；(比赛结束前)认输；退让conceive [kən'si:v] v. (of)设想，构思，想象；以为；怀胎，怀有concept ['kɔnsept]n.概念，观念，设想conception [kən'sepʃən]n. 概念，观念concerning [kən'sə:niŋ]prep. 关于，论及concession [kən'seʃən]n. 让步，妥协；特许(权)concise [kən'sais]a. 简明的，简洁的conclude [kən'klu:d]v. 结束，终止；断定，下结论；缔结，议定conclusion [kən'klu:ʒən]n. 结论，推论；结尾；缔结，议定condition [kən'diʃən]n. 条件，状况，环境vt. 决定；支配；训练conductor [kən'dʌktə]n. 管理者；(汽车)售票员；领队，指挥；导体conference ['kɔnfərəns]n. (正式)会议；讨论，商谈confidential [.kɑ:nfi'denʃəl]a. 秘(机)密的；表示信任的；担任机密工作的confine [kən'fain]vt. 限制；使不外出，禁闭n. 界限，范围conform [kən'fɔ:m]vi. (to)遵守，适应；相似，一致，符合confusion [kən'fju:ʒən]n. 困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱conjunction [kən'dʒʌŋkʃən]n. 接合，连接，联合；连(接)词conquest ['kɔŋkwest]n. 征服，征服地，掠取物conscientious [.kɔnʃi'enʃəs]a. 审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的consecutive [kən'sekjutiv]a. 连续的；连贯的；顺序的consensus [kən'sensəs]n. (意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识consequently ['kɔnsikwəntli] ad. 结果，因此，所以conservation [.kɔnsə:'veiʃən]n. 保存，保护，保守；守恒，不灭consider [kən'sidə]v. 考虑，细想；体谅，顾及；认为，把…看作considerable [kən'sidərəbl]a. 相当大(或多)的，可观的；值得考虑的consideration [kənsidə'reiʃən]n. 需要考虑的事，理由；考虑，思考；体谅，照顾consistent [kən'sistənt]a. (in)前后一致的；(with)一致，符合constituent [kən'stitjuənt]n. 选民；成分，组分a. 组成的，构成的constitute ['kɔnstitju:t]vt. 组成，构成，形成；设立，建立，任命constrain[kən'strein] vt. 限制，约束；克制，抑制consultant [kən'sʌltənt]n. 会诊医师，顾问医生；顾问container [kən'teinə]n. 容器；集装箱contaminate [kən'tæmineit]v. 弄污，弄脏，毒害，传染，染污contempt [kən'tempt]n. 轻视，藐视；受辱，丢脸contend [kən'tend]v. 竞争，斗争；坚决主张context ['kɔntekst] n. (文章等)前后关系；(事件等发生的)背景contradict [.kɔntrə'dikt] v. 反驳；同…矛盾，同…抵触contrary ['kɔntrəri] a. (to)相反的，矛盾的n. 反对，矛盾；相反contrast ['kɔntræst,kən'træst] n. 对比，对照vi. 形成对比vt. 把…与…对比contrive [kən'traiv] vt. 谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出controversial [.kɔntrə'və:ʃəl] a. 引起争论的，有争议的controversy ['kɔntrəvə:si]n.争论，辩论，争吵conversely [kən'və:sli]ad. 相反地conversion [kən'və:ʃən]n. 转变，转换；信仰的改变；convict ['kɔnvikt,kən'vikt]v. (经审讯)证明…有罪，宣判…有罪n. 囚犯conviction [kən'vikʃən]n. 深信，确信；定罪，判罪；cooperative [kəu'ɔpərətiv]a. 合作的，协作的n. 合作社cop [kɔp]n. 警察(slang 俚语)copper ['kɔpə]n. 铜；铜币，铜制器copyright ['kɔpirait]n./a. 版权(的)cord [kɔ:d]n. 绳，索cordial ['kɔ:djəl]a. 诚恳的，亲切的，热诚的core [kɔ:]n. 果核；中心，核心corporation [.kɔ:pə'reiʃən]n. 市镇自治机关；法人；公司，企业correlate ['kɔ:rə.leit]v. (with，to)(使)互相关联n. 相互关联的事物correspondence [.kɔri'spɔndəns]n. 通信，信件；(with)符合；(to)相当于，对应correspondent [.kɔri'spɔndənt]n. 记者，通讯员；通信者corresponding [.kɔri'spɔndiŋ]a. 符合的，相应的，对应的corridor ['kɔridɔ:]n. 走廊，通路cosmic ['kɔzmik]a. 宇宙的；无比巨大的，无穷尽的costume ['kɔstju:m]n. (流行的)服饰；戏装，(特定场合的)套装cottage ['kɔtidʒ]n. 村舍，小屋，别墅couch [kautʃ] n. 长沙发；(病人躺的)长榻vt. 表达council ['kaunsil]n. 理事会，委员会，议事机构counsel ['kaunsəl]v./n. 劝告，忠告n. 法律顾问，辩护人counterpart ['kauntəpɑ:t]n. 对应的人(或物)couple ['kʌpl] n. (一)对，双；夫妇v. 连接，结合courage ['kʌridʒ]n. 勇气，胆量courtesy ['kə:tisi]n. 谦恭有礼；有礼貌的举止(或言词)courtyard ['kɔ:tjɑ:d]n. 院子，庭院，天井cousin ['kʌzn]n. 堂(或表)兄弟，堂(或表)姐妹coward ['kauəd]n. 懦夫，胆怯者crab [kræb]n. 螃蟹，蟹肉crack [kræk]n. 裂纹，缝隙；破裂声v. (使)破裂，砸开cradle ['kreidl]n. 摇篮；发源地craft [krɑ:ft]n. 工艺，手艺，技巧；飞机，飞船crane [krein]n. 起重机，鹤crawl [krɔ:l]v./n. 爬行，蠕动；缓慢(的)行进crazy ['kreizi] a. 疯狂的，古怪的，蠢的；(about)狂热的cream [kri:m] n. 乳脂，(鲜)奶油；奶油色credentials [kri'denʃəlz]n. 凭证，(pl.)国书，证明书creep [kri:p]v. 爬，爬行；(植物)蔓延crew [kru:]n. 全体船员，全体乘务员cricket ['krikit]n. 板球；蟋蟀crime [kraim] n. 罪行，犯罪cripple ['kripl]n. 跛子，残疾人v. 使跛，使残疾crisis ['kraisis]n. 危机，紧要关头crisp [krisp]a. 脆的，易碎的；简明扼要的；(空气)清爽的criterion [krai'tiəriən]n. 标准，尺度critic ['kritik]n. 批评家，评论家criticism ['kriti.sizəm]n. 评论性的文章，评论；批评，指责，非难criticize ['kritisaiz]v. 批评，评论crown [kraun] n. 王冠，冕；君权，君王v. 为…加冕crucial ['kru:ʃəl]a. 至关重要的，决定性的crust [krʌst]n. 外皮，壳；地壳crystal ['kristl]n. 水晶，水晶饰品；结晶a. 水晶的，透明的cube [kju:b]n. 立方形，立方体；立方，三次幂cucumber ['kju:kəmbə]n. 黄瓜cue 暗示，提示，球杆cue [kju:] n.信号，线索，球杆vt. 暗示，用球杆打球vi. 使用球杆curious ['kjuəriəs]a. 好奇的，求知的，古怪的，爱挑剔的curl [kə:l]v. (使)卷曲，蜷缩n. 卷发；卷曲状；卷曲物curriculum [kə'rikjuləm]n. 课程，(学校等的)全部课程curse [kə:s]n. 诅咒，咒语，祸因vt. 诅咒，咒骂，使受罪curtain ['kə:tn]n. 窗帘，门帘；幕(布)；结束vt 遮掩curve [kə:v]n. 曲线，弯曲(物)v. 弄弯，成曲形cushion ['kuʃən]n. 垫子，软垫vt. 装垫子；缓和，减轻cyberspace ['saibəspeis] n. 虚拟信息空间；网络空间dam [dæm]n. 水坝，水闸damn [dæm]int. 该死vt. 遣责；使失败a. 十足的ad. 极damp [dæmp] n. 潮湿a. 潮湿的vt. 使潮湿；使衰减database ['deitə.beis]n. 数据库dawn [dɔ:n]n. 黎明，拂晓v. 破晓；开始现出dazzle ['dæzl] v. 使惊奇，使倾斜；耀(眼)n. 耀眼的光deadline ['dedlain] n. 最后期限deal [di:l]v. 处理；做买卖，经营；分配；对待n. 交易dean [di:n]n. (大学)院长；主持牧师(基督教)教长decay [di'kei]v./n. 腐朽，腐烂；衰减，衰退deceit [di'si:t] n. 欺骗，欺骗行为decimal ['desiməl]a. 十进的，小数的，十进制的n. 小数decisive [di'saisiv]a. 决定性的deck [dek]n. 甲板declaration [.deklə'reiʃən]n. 宣言，宣布，声明declare [di'klɛə]v. 宣布，宣告，声明；断言，宣称dedicate ['dedikeit] vt. 奉献；献身于deduce [di'dju:s]vt. (from)演绎，推断，推论deed [di:d]n. 行为，行动；功绩，事迹；证书；契据deem [di:m]v. 认为，相信deficiency [di'fiʃənsi]n. 缺乏，不足；缺点，缺陷definition [.defi'niʃən]n. 定义，解释；(轮廓影像等的)清晰度；阐明；degenerate [di'dʒenəreit]v. 衰退，堕落，蜕化a. 堕落的n. 堕落者delete [di'li:t]vt. 删除deliberate [di'libərit]a. 深思熟虑的，故意的vt. 研讨，商讨delivery [di'livəri]n. 递送；交付；分娩；交货；引渡democratic [.demə'krætik]a. 民主的denial [di'naiəl]n. 否认；拒绝；否认某事或某事实的声明denote [di'nəut]vt. 表示，意味着denounce [di'nauns]vt. 公开指责，公然抨击；谴责density ['densiti]n. 密集，密度，浓度dental ['dentl] a. 牙齿的；牙科(用)的departure [di'pɑ:tʃə]n. 离开，起程depict [di'pikt]v. 描绘；描写，描述depth [depθ]n. 深，深度，深奥，深刻deputy ['depjuti]n. 代理人，代表a. 副的，代理的descend [di'send]v. 下来，下降；遗传(指财产，气质，权利) descendant [di'sendənt] n. 子孙，后代descent [di'sent]n. 下降，降下；斜坡；血统，家世designate ['dezigneit]v. 指明，指出；任命，指派a. 指定的, 选定的desire [di'zaiə]v./n. 愿望，欲望，要求desolate ['desəleit,'desəlit]a. 荒凉的；孤独的v. 使荒芜despair [di'spɛə]n. 绝望；失望；令人失望的人(事物)v. 绝望despise [di'spaiz]v. 轻视，蔑视despite [di'spait]prep. 不管，不顾dessert [di'zə:t]n. 正餐后的水果或甜食destination [.desti'neiʃən]n. 目的地，终点destiny ['destini]n. 命运；天数，天命detach [di'tætʃ]vt. 分开，分离，分遣，派遣(军队)detain [di'tein]v. 耽搁；扣押，拘留detector [di'tektə]n. 发现者，侦察器，探测器，检波器，检电器deviate ['di:vieit]v. (from)背离，偏离device [di'vais]n. 装置，设备，仪表；方法，设计devil ['devl]n. 魔鬼devise [di'vaiz]vt. 设计；发明；图谋；作出(计划)；想出(办法)dew [dju:]n. 露水diagnose ['daiəgnəuz]vt. 诊断(疾病)；判断(问题)dial ['daiəl]n. 钟(表)面，刻度盘，拨号盘v. 拨号，打电话dialect ['daiəlekt]n. 方言diameter [dai'æmitə]n. 直径diamond ['daiəmənd]n. 金钢石，钻石；菱形dictate [dik'teit]v. 口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令；diet ['daiət]n. 饮食，食物differ ['difə]v. (from)与…不同；(with)与…意见不同differentiate [.difə'renʃi.eit]v. 区分，区别；(使)不同diffuse [di'fju:s,di'fju:z]v. 扩散；传播a. (文章等)冗长的，漫无边际的digital ['didʒitəl]a. 数字的；数位的；手指的n. 数字dignity ['digniti]n. (举止，态度等的)庄严，端庄；尊贵，高贵dilemma [di'lemə]n. (进退两难的)窘境，困境dilute [dai'lju:t]vt. 稀释，冲淡a. 稀释的，冲淡的dim [dim]a. 暗淡的，模糊的dimension [di'menʃən]n. 尺寸，尺度；维(数)，度(数)diminish [di'miniʃ] v. 缩小，减少，递减dip [dip] v./n. 浸，蘸diploma [di'pləumə]n. 毕业文凭，学位证书diplomatic [.diplə'mætik]a. 外交的，从事外交的；策略的，有手腕的director [di'rektə, dai'rektə]n. 指导者，主任，导演directory [di'rektəri]n. 人名地址录，(电话)号码簿disable [dis'eibl]vt. 使残废；使失去能力；丧失能力disastrous [di'zɑ:strəs]a. 灾难性的discard ['diskɑ:d,dis'kɑ:d]vt. 丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discern [di'zə:n]v. 认出，发现；辨别，识别discourage [dis'kʌridʒ]v. 使泄气，使失去信心discourse ['diskɔ:s,dis'kɔ:s]n. 论文；演说；谈话；话语vi. 讲述，著述discovery [dis'kʌvəri]n. 发现；被发现的事物discriminate [di'skrimineit]v. 区别，辨别；(against)有差别地对待，歧视disgrace [dis'greis] n. 失宠，耻辱v. 使失宠；玷辱，使蒙羞disgust [dis'gʌst]n. 厌恶，恶心v. 使厌恶dish[diʃ] n. 碟子，盘子，菜肴dismay [dis'mei]n./v. (使)沮丧；(使)惊慌；(使)失望，(使)绝望disorder [dis'ɔ:də]n. 混乱，杂乱；骚乱；失调，疾病dispatch [di'spætʃ] n./v. 派遣；发送n. 急件；新闻报道disperse [dis'pə:s]v. (使)分散；(使)散开；疏散displace [dis'pleis]v. 移置，转移；取代，置换display [di'splei]v./n. 陈列，展览，显示(器)disposal [di'spəuzəl]n. 处理，处置；布置，安排dispose [di'spəuz]v. (of)处理，处置；(for)布置，安排disposition [.dispə'ziʃən]n. 排列，部署；性格倾向；倾向，意向disregard [.disri'gɑ:d]vt. 不理会；忽视；漠视n. 忽视；漠视disrupt [dis'rʌpt]vt. 使混乱，使崩溃，使分裂，使瓦解distill [dis'til]vt. 蒸馏，用蒸馏法提取；吸取，提炼distinction [dis'tiŋkʃən] n. 区别，差别；级别；特性；声望；显赫distort [dis'tɔ:t]v. 弄歪(嘴脸等)；扭曲；歪曲(真理、事实等) distract [di'strækt]v. 分散；使分心；打扰；使心情烦乱distress [di'stres]n. 苦恼；危难；不幸v. 使苦恼district ['distrikt]n. 地区，行政区；美国各州的众议院选区disturbance [dis'tə:bəns] n. 动乱，骚乱，干扰ditch [ditʃ]n. 沟，沟渠，水沟dive [daiv]v./n. 潜水，跳水，俯冲diverse [dai'və:s]a. 多种多样的，(from)不同的diversion [dai'və:ʒən]n. 转向，转移；牵制；解闷；娱乐divert [di'və:t] vt. 使转向，使改道；转移(注意力)；使娱乐divide [di'vaid]v. 分，划分，分开；分配；(by)除division [di'viʒən]n. 分，分割；部门，科，处；除法；分界线dizzy ['dizi]a. 头晕目眩的，眩晕的；(可能)使人头晕的dock [dɔk]n. 船坞，码头doctrine ['dɔktrin]n. 教条, 学说documentary [.dɔkju'mentəri]a. 文献的n. 记录片domain [də'mein]n. (活动，思想等)领域，范围；领地dome [dəum]n. 圆屋顶dominant ['dɔminənt]a. 支配的，统治的，占优势的dominate ['dɔmineit]v. 支配，统治，控制；占优势donate ['dəuneit]vt. 损赠(金钱等)；赠予doom [du:m]n. 厄运，劫数v. 注定，命定dose [dəus]n. 剂量，一服，一剂v. (给…)服药downtown [.daun'taun]ad. 在城市的商业区n./a. 城市商业区(的) downward ['daunwəd]a. 向下的ad. (also: downwards)向下，往下doze [dəuz]v./n. 瞌睡；假寐drag [dræg]v. 拖，拖曳drain [drein]n. 排水沟，阴沟；消耗，负担v. 排去，放干drawback ['drɔ:bæk]n. 欠缺，缺点；退还的关税drawer ['drɔ:ə]n. 抽屉。

GCT考试英语单词核心词汇总accuse [ə'kju:z]vt.谴责，指责；(of)控告，告发accustomed [ə'kʌstəmd]a.惯常的，通常的；(to)习惯于...的，适应了的achieve [ə'tʃi:v]vt.完成，达到(目的)；得到，获得acquaintance [ə'kweintəns]n.(with)熟悉，熟知，相识，了解；熟人，相识的人acquire [ə'kwaiə]vt.取得，求得，获得，学得actual ['æktʃuəl,'æktjuəl]a.现实的，实际的，事实上的；现在的，目前的acute [ə'kju:t]a.严重的，激烈的；敏锐的了；锐的，尖的；(疾病)急性的adapt [ə'dæpt]vt.使适应；改编；改写vi.(to)适应additional [ə'diʃənl]a.追加的，附加的；另外的address [ə'dres]n.通讯处，地址；致词，讲话vt.向...致词(说话)；在(信封或包裹上)写姓名地址，致函adequate ['ædikwit]a.充足的，足够的；适当的，胜任的adjust [ə'dʒʌst]vt.(to)调整，调节；整理，使合适administration [əd`minis'treiʃən]n.经营，管理，支配；管理部门，行政机关，政府；实行，执行admire [əd'maiə]vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞赏；称赞，夸奖admit [əd'mit] affiliate [ə'filieit]vt./vi.(使...)加入，联合；(to,with)使隶属(附属)于n.附属公司；分公司afford [ə'fɔ:d]vt.(与can,could,be able to连用)买得起，花得起(时间)；提供，给予agency ['eidʒənsi]n.代理行，代办处，经销店；(政府等的)专业行政部门agent ['eidʒənt]n.代理人，代理商，经纪人；政府特工人员，政府代表；动因，原因；剂aggression [ə'greʃən]n.侵略，进攻aid [eid]vt.帮助，援助n.帮助，救护；助手，辅助物，辅助手段alarm [ə'lɑ:m]n.警报，警报器，警铃；惊恐，忧虑vt.向...报警；使惊慌，使不安，惊吓alienation [`eiljə'neiʃən]n.转让，让渡alike [ə'laik]a.(常作表语)相似的，同样的，相像的allocation [`ælə'keiʃən]n.分配；拨款(权)alter ['ɔ:ltə]v.改变，变更amateur ['æmətə:]a.业余的；非职业的；外行的n.业余爱好者，业余运动员；外行vt./vi.准许...进来，准许...加入；(to)承认，供认adopt [ə'dɔpt]vt./vi.采用，采纳，采取；正式通过，批准；收养(子女)advance [əd'vɑ:ns]vi.前进；取得进展；(价格等)上涨；促进，推进，助长vt.预先发放，预先支付；提前，使提前发生；提出(建议等) n.前进，进展，发展；预付；提前adventure [əd'ventʃə]n.冒险，奇遇；冒险活动advisable [əd'vaizəbl]a.明智的；可取的；适当的advertise [`ædvətaiz]vt.为...做广告，宣传；(在报刊、电视、广播等中)公告，公布affect [ə'fekt]vt.影响affection [ə'fekʃən] n.喜爱，慈爱，感情，爱慕之情annuity [ə'nju(:)iti]n.年金；养老金anticipate [æn'tisipeit]vi.预料，期望；先于...行动；提前使用apart [ə'pɑ:t]ad.离去，分开；(空间、时间)成距离，相隔；除去apparent [ə'pærənt]a.(to)显然的，明显的；表面上的，外表的，貌似(真实)的appeal [ə'pi:l]vi.(to)呼吁，恳求；(against)申诉；(to)求助于，诉诸于n.(to)要求，呼吁；上诉，申诉；吸引力amaze [ə'meiz]v.使惊奇，使惊叹ambition [æm'biʃən]n.雄心，野心；期望得到的东西ambulance ['æmbjuləns]n.救护车，救护船，救护飞机amendment [ə'mendmənt]n.修正；赔款amuse [ə'mju:z]v.逗乐；给...提供娱乐analysis [ə'næləsis]n.分析；分析报告ancestor ['ænsistə]n.祖宗，祖先；原型，先驱ancient ['einʃənt]a.古代的；古老的annoy [ə'nɔi]vt.使烦恼，使生气；打扰annual ['ænjuəl]a.每年的，年度的n.年刊，年鉴awful ['ɔ:ful]a.极坏的；可怕的；极度的；感到难过的，不舒服的awkward ['ɔ:kwəd]a.笨拙的；尴尬的；棘手的Bban [bæn]n./vt.禁止，禁令，取缔bankrupt ['bæŋkrʌpt]n.破产者vt.使破产a.破产的；彻底缺乏的bare [beə]a.赤裸的，光秃的；仅有的vt.裸露，露出barrier ['bæriə]n.栅栏；障碍；关卡beforehand [bi'fɔ:hænd]appetite ['æpitait]n.食欲，胃口；欲望applicable ['æplikəbəl]a.(to)可适用的，可实施的；适当的，合适的appraisal [ə'preizəl]n.评价，估量，估价approach [ə'prəutʃ]vi./vt.(to)靠近，接近n.接近；途径；方法appropriate [ə'prəupriit]n.拨出(款项等)；占用，挪用a. (to)适当的，恰当的approve [ə'pru:v]vt./vi.(of)赞成，赞同；批准，对...表示认可artificial [`ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]a.人造的，人工的；人为的，矫柔造作的aspect ['æspekt]n.方面；外表；(建筑物的)朝向，方向assemble [ə'sembl]vt./vi.集合；装配assessment [ə'sesmənt]n.评估；确定金额asset ['æset]n.有价值的人，优点，长处；(pl.)资产，财产assign [ə'sain]vt.(to)指派，指定；(to)分配；指定(时间、地点等) assume [ə'sju:m]vt.假定，设想；承担，担任，就职；呈现，具有，采取astonish [əs'tɔniʃ]vt.使惊讶，使吃惊attorney [ə'tə:ni]n.代理人；律师authority [ɔ:'θɔriti] ad.预先，事先behalf [bi'hɑ:f]n.利益，方面bid [bid]v.投标；命令，吩咐；说(问候的话)；祝愿；n.出价，报价block [blɔk]n.块；街区；障碍物；大楼，一排房屋vt.阻塞，封锁boast [bəust]v.(of,about)自夸，夸耀；有...可以夸耀，自豪地拥有n.自夸，自吹自擂bold [bəuld]a.大胆的；冒失的；黑体字的bond [bɔnd]n.契约；结合物，粘结剂；债券bonus ['bəunəs]n.奖金；红利；额外津贴boom [bu:m]n.低沉的隆隆声；营业等的激增，经济迅速发展vi./vt.雷、炮等发出隆隆声；兴隆，迅速发展border ['bɔ:də]n.边；边界，国界v.给...加上边，围；与...接壤(毗邻) bore [bɔ:]vt.使厌烦；钻(孔)打眼，凿通n.令人厌烦的人或事；孔，孔道bound [baund]a.必定的；受约束的，有义务的；准备到...去的，开往...的vi.跳跃，跳跃着前进；跳回，反弹vt. 成为...的界限，给...划界限n. 分界线，边界；界限，范围boundary ['baundəri]n.权力；权威，专家；行政管理机构，当权者；(pl.)当局available [ə'veiləbl]a.现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的；可以见到的，随时可来的award [ə'wɔ:d]vt.颁奖，授予n.奖，奖品burst [bə:st]v.使爆炸；(in,out)突然发生；(芽、蕾等)绽开n.爆炸；裂口，决口by-business ['bai`biznis]n.副业，兼职by-law ['bailɔ:]n.公司章程；细则，附则byproduct ['bai`prɔdəkt]n.副产品Ccabinet ['kæbinit]n.橱柜；政府内阁campaign [kæm'pein]n.战役；运动vi.参加运动，参加竞选candidate ['kændideit]n.报考者；候选人capture ['kæptʃə]vt.捉拿；俘获；夺取n.俘获，俘虏；战利品，俘虏物casual ['kæʒjuəl]a.偶然的；随便的；临时的，不定期的；不经意的，随便的caution ['kɔ:ʃən]n.小心，谨慎；警告，告诫；注意事项v.警告，劝某人小心；告诫n.分界线；边界bribe [braib]v.贿赂，向...行贿n. 贿赂，行贿bride [braid]n.新娘bureau ['bjuərəu] n.(机构的)局，部，办事处coarse [kɔ:s]a.粗糙的；粗俗的collapse [kə'læps]v./n.倒塌；崩溃；(价格)暴跌；倒闭，破产collective [kə'lektiv]a.集体的；共同的n.集体，团体commission [kə'miʃən]n.委任状；授权，委托；佣金，回扣；委员会vt.委托，委任commit [kə'mit]vt.犯(错、罪)；(oneself)使承担义务；(to)把...交托给，把...提交给committee [kə'miti]n.委员会，全体委员commodity [kə'mɔditi]n.日用品；商品community [kə'mju:niti]n.社区，社会；团体，共同体；(动植物的)群落compel [kəm'pel]vt.强迫compensate ['kɔmpenseit]v.(损坏)赔偿，补偿；抵消complaint [kəm'pleint]n.抱怨，诉苦；申诉；疾病complex ['kɔmpleks]a.复杂的，难懂的；综合的n.综合企业，综合体；情cease [si:s]v.停止，结束cement [si'ment]n.水泥；胶粘剂vt.粘接；巩固centigrade ['sentigreid]n./a.摄氏温度(的)；百分度的characteristic [`kæriktə'ristik]a.特有的，典型的n.特征，特性charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]v.索价；控告；充电n.费用；指控；充电，电荷charming ['tʃɑ:miŋ]a.可爱的，迷人的chase [tʃeis]vt./n.追猎，追赶chilly ['tʃili]a.寒冷的chore [tʃɔ:]n.(pl.)家庭杂务circulate ['sə:kjuleit]v.循环；流通；流传civilization [`sivilai'zeiʃən]n.文明，文化；开化client ['klaiənt]n.委托人；顾客clue [klu:]n.线索；思路；暗示conflict ['kɔnflikt, kən'flikt]n.抵触；争执；冲突vi.冲突，抵触confront [kən'frʌnt]v.迎面遇到，遭遇；勇敢地面对，正视；使对质，使当面对证confuse [kən'fju:z] 节complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]a.复杂的，难懂的其compose [kəm'pəuz]v.由...组成；写作，作曲；使平静，使镇静compound ['kɔmpaund]a.复合的；合成的n.化合物；复合词(句) vt.使恶化，加重；使化合，使合成comprehensive [`kɔmpri'hensiv]a.综合的，广泛的；有理解力的，理解的compress [kəm'pres]vt.压缩，浓缩；摘要叙述compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz]n./vi.妥协，折衷vt.危及，放弃(原则，理想等) conceal [kən'si:l]v.隐藏，隐瞒；对...保密condemn [kən'dem]vt.谴责；宣判condense [kən'dens]v.凝结；压缩；精简conduct ['kɔndəkt, kən'dʌkt]n.举止，行为v.处理；引导；导电，传热confess [kən'fes]v.承认，坦白；忏悔confirm [kən'fə:m] vt.证实，批准；使更坚固counter ['kauntə]n.计算器；柜台a./ad.相反的v.对抗，反驳counterfeit ['kauntəfit]v./n.伪造，假冒n.假货，伪造品critical ['kritikəl]a.决定性的，关键性的；批评的，批判的；危急的，紧要的cruel ['kruəl]vt.搞乱，使混乱；使困惑，把...弄胡涂；混淆，把...混同congress ['kɔŋgres]n.(代表)大会，正式会议；国会conscience ['kɔnʃəns]n.良心conscious ['kɔnʃəs]a.有意识的；头脑清醒的；自觉的consent [kən'sent]vi./n.同意；答应consequence ['kɔnsikwəns]n.后果，影响；重要性conservative [kən'sə:vətiv]a.保守的n.保守的人；保守派considerate [kən'sidərit]a.考虑周到的；体谅的consolidation [kən`sɔli'deiʃən]n.企业合并constant ['kɔnstənt]a.始终如一的；经常的；不变的，固定的n.常数，恒量constitution [`kɔnsti'tju:ʃən]n.宪法；体质；构成consult [kən'sʌlt]vt.商量；请教，找...商议；参考(地图)，查看(词典) contemporary [kən'tempərəri]a.当代的；同时代的n.同时代人，同辈contract ['kɔntrækt, kən'trækt]n.合同，契约；包工v.订合同；缩短，缩写contradiction [`kɔntrə'dikʃən]n.矛盾；反驳convention [kən'venʃən]n.公约；习俗；大会a.残酷的，残忍的cultivate ['kʌltiveit]vt.耕作；栽培；培养cunning ['kʌniŋ]a.狡猾的，狡诈的curb [kə:b]n.场外证券市场，场外交易vt.制止，抑制cure [kjuə]vt.纠正；治愈n.治愈；疗法，良药currency ['kʌrənsi]n.货币；通用，流通Cdash [dæʃ]v.猛冲，飞奔；浇，泼，溅n.猛冲，突进；破折号dealer ['di:lə]n.买卖人，商人；经销商，证券商debate [di'beit]n./v.讨论；辩论deceive [di'si:v]v.欺骗，蒙骗decent ['di:snt]a.正派的；体面的，得体的；宽厚的，大方的deduct [di'dʌkt]v.扣除；减去default [di'fɔ:lt]n.不负责；缺席；拖欠v.不履行，不负责任；缺席，不到案；拖欠债务defects [di'fekt]n.不合格品deficit ['defisit]n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差delegation [`deli'geiʃən]n.代表团delicate ['delikit]conventional [kən'venʃənl]a.惯例的，常规的；传统的，规范的convert [kən'və:t]vt.使转变，使转化；使...改变信仰convey [kən'vei]vt.搬运，运送(旅客、货物等)；传达(消息，思想等)；传播(声音等)convince [kən'vins]vt.使信服，使确信cope [kəup]vi.对付；妥善处理costly ['kɔstli] a.昂贵的；代价高的demonstrate ['demənstreit]v.证明；演示；示威游行；现实，表露dense [dens]a.密的，密集的；密度大的deposit [di'pɔzit]vt.使沉淀，使沉积；存放，寄放；储蓄n.存款；押金；沉淀depreciation [di`pri:ʃi'eiʃən]n.折旧；价值下降deprive [di'praiv]vi.剥夺，使丧失derive [di'raiv]v.从...得到；源自desert ['dezət]n.沙漠vt.遗弃；擅自离开deserve [di'zə:v]vt.应受；值得design [di'zain]v.设计，构思；预定，指定n.设计(图样)，构思；图谋，企图；图样，图案desirable [di'zaiərəbəl] a.娇嫩的；精细的；微妙的；易碎的，脆弱的delight [di'lait]v.使欣喜，使高兴n.快乐，高兴；使人高兴的东西(人) deliver [di'livə]vt.投递，送交；发表；分娩；给予(打击等)；解救，拯救democracy [di'mɔkrəsi]n.民主政治，民主主义的；民主国家；民主，民主制draft [drɑ:ft]n.草稿；汇票；征兵，服役；通风，气流vt.起草，草拟；征募dread [dred]n./v.害怕，恐惧due [dju:]a.预定的；应给的，应得的；到期的；应有的dumb [dʌm]a.哑的；沉默的dump [dʌmp]vt.倾倒；倾销n.垃圾堆durable ['djuərəbl]a.持久的，耐久的duration [djuə'reiʃən]n.持久；持续时间earnings ['ə:niŋz]n.(常pl.)收入，收益；利润earnest ['ə:nist]a.诚挚的，认真的，热心的efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]n.效率；功效elementary [`eli'mentəri]a.基本的；初级的，初等的elevator ['eliveitə]a.值得拥有的，值得向的；有利的，可取的desperate ['despərit]a.(因绝望而)不顾一切的，孤注一掷的；绝望的，危急的；极向往的，极需要的destruction [dis'trʌkʃən]n.破坏；消灭devalue [di:'vælju:]n.贬值digest [di'dʒest,'daidʒest]vt.消化(食物)；领会n.文摘，摘要diligent ['dilidʒənt]a.勤奋的，用功的discharge [dis'tʃ:dʒ]vt.允许...离开，释放，解雇；放出，排出，发射；释放；卸(货)，下(车) n.放出；排出；放出，放电；卸(货)，下(客)discipline ['disiplin]n.训练，训导；纪律，风纪；学科；惩罚，处分vt.训练，训导；惩罚，处罚disclose [dis'kləuz]vt.使显露；揭发，泄漏disguise [dis'gaiz]vt.化妆，假扮；隐瞒，掩饰；伪装n.伪装，隐瞒；用来伪装的东西(行动)dismiss [dis'mis]vt.免职，解雇；解散；不考虑；驳回，不受理dispute [dis'pju:t]v.争论，辩论n.争论，辩驳；争端dividend ['dividend]n.红利，股息；(pl.)回报，效益；被除数enthusiasm [in'θju:ziæzəm] n.电梯；升降机eliminate [i'limineit]vt.消灭，消除；淘汰embezzle [im'bezəl]vt.贪污，盗用；挪用(公款、公物等) emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi.出现；显露，产生emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi]n.紧急情况，突然事件emit [i'mit]vt.发出，放射enclosure [in'kləuʒə]n.附件(随函)；围墙，围栏encounter [in'kauntə]vt.遭遇到，遇上n.遭遇，遇到endure [in'djuə]v.忍耐，忍受；持续；持续enforce [in'fɔ:s]vt.实施，实行；强制执行engage [in'geidʒ]v.使从事；聘用；订婚enormous [i'nɔ:məs]a.巨大的，庞大的enterprise ['entəpraiz]n.事业心；企业，单位，公司；事业，计划entertain [`entə'tein]v.款待；娱乐extensive [iks'tensiv]a.广泛的，广博的；广阔的extent [iks'tent]n.程度，范围；广度，宽度，大小external [eks'tə:nl]a.外面的，外部的，外表的facility [fə'siliti]n.热情，热心；巨大兴趣，热衷的事物entitle [in'taitl]vt.给...权利；给...定名envy ['envi]n.嫉妒，羡慕；嫉妒的对象，羡慕的目标vt.(at,of)嫉妒，羡慕equality [i(:)'kwɔliti]n.同等，平等escape [i'skeip]vt./vi.逃跑；逃避；(液体等)泄漏，溢出n.逃跑evasion [i'veiʒən]n.逃避；偷漏(税)eventually [i'ventʃuəli]ad.终于，最后exceed [ik'si:d]vt.超过，胜过exclaim [iks'kleim]v.大声说，呼喊，惊叫exclude [iks'klu:d]vt.把...除外，不包括execute ['eksikju:t]vt.执行；处决executive [ig'zekjutiv]a.执行的，行政的n.执行者，行政官；总经理，董事exemption [ig'zempʃən]n.豁免，免税额exhaust [ig'zɔ:st]n.排气装置；废气vt.耗尽；使精疲力竭；详尽论述exhibit [ig'zibit]vt.展览，陈列；显示，显出n.展品expand [iks'pænd]vt./vi.扩大；扩张；膨胀expenditure [iks'penditʃə] n.(pl.)设施(备)；便利，容易，方便faint [feint]a.模糊的，不清楚的；虚弱的，无力的；眩晕的vi.发晕，昏倒n.昏厥faithful ['feiθfəl]a.忠诚的，忠实的；如实的，可靠的；尽职的，责任心强的fake [feik]n.伪造品vt.伪造，假冒a.假的，伪造的，冒充的familiar [fə'miljə]a.熟悉的，通晓的；随便的，不拘礼仪的；冒昧的，放肆的famine ['fæmin]n.饥荒fare [feə]n.车(船)费v.过日子，进展fashion ['fæʃən]n.时髦，流行式样；方式fasten ['fɑ:sn]v.结牢，拴住；使固定fatal ['feitl]a.致命的，毁灭性的；重大的，决定性的fatigue [fə'ti:g]n.疲乏，劳累vt./vi.(使)疲劳faulty ['fɔ:lti]a.有错误的，有缺点的feasible ['fi:zibl]a.可行的feast [fi:st]n.节日；宴会v.设宴，参加宴会feature ['fi:tʃə]n.支出，开支；支出额，花费，费用expire [iks'paiə]v.满期，终止；去世，断气explode [iks'pləud]v.爆炸，爆发；激增，迅速扩大exploit ['iksplɔit]vt.剥削；利用；开发n.(pl.)业绩，功绩explore [iks'plɔ:]vt.勘探，探测；探察，探索explosive [iks'pləusiv]a.爆炸性的，易爆炸的；极易引起争论的n.炸药，爆炸物expose [iks'pəuz]vt.使暴露；(to)使处于...作用之下；揭露extend [iks'tend]vt.延长，延伸；扩大；给予vi.伸展，扩大，(在范围或应用上)达到，延续fierce [fiəs]a.凶猛的，残忍的；狂热地，极度的；猛烈的，强烈的figure ['figə]n.数字；轮廓；人物；图表；(pl.)算术，计算v.想出，领会到finance ['fainæns,fi'næns]n.财政(学)，金融；(常pl.)财源，资金，财务情况vt./vi.资助，为...提供资金fiscal ['fiskəl]a.国库的；财政的；金融的；会计的flame [fleim]n.火焰，火苗flash [flæʃ]v.闪烁；闪现；掠过n.闪光，闪烁；闪光灯n.特征，特色；(pl.)容貌；特写，专题节目；故事片vt./vi.突出，由...主演；其重要作用，作为主要角色federal ['fedərəl]a.联邦的fee [fi:]n.费用；酬金；学费feedback ['fi:dbæk]n.反馈fertile ['fə:tail]a.肥沃的，富饶的，多产的；(想象力或创造力)丰富的fertilizer ['fə:tilaizə]n.肥料frequency ['fri:kwənsi]n.频率；频繁fresh [freʃ]a.新的，新鲜的；新颖的；(水)淡的frighten ['fraitn]vt.吓唬；使惊恐frugal ['fru:gəl]a.节约的，俭朴的fulfil [ful'fil]vt.(=fulfill)履行，实现；满足，使满意function ['fʌŋkʃən]n.功能；重大聚会(宴会)；函数，随他物变化而变化的事物vi.起作用，运行fundamental [`fʌndə'mentl]a.基本的，根本的n.基本原理(原则)furious ['fjuəriəs]a.狂怒的，猛烈的；强烈的，激烈的gaze [geiz]vi./n.凝视，盯，注视generate ['dʒenəreit]flat [flæt]n.公寓住宅；一套房间a.平坦的；扁平的，挺直的；单调的，乏味的；价格固定的，收费统一的ad.平直的；直截了当的，断然地flexible ['fleksəbl]a.易弯曲的；灵活的flock [flɔk]n.一群(飞禽、牲畜)；众多vi.群集，成群flourish ['flʌriʃ]v.繁荣；兴旺fluctuation [`flʌktju'eiʃən]n.波动；(价格)涨落fluent ['flu(:)ənt]a.流利的，流畅的focus ['fəukəs]v.聚焦；集中于n.焦点；中心fold [fəuld]v.折叠，折起n.折页；折痕forbid [fə'bid]vt.禁止；不许；阻止forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st]vt./n.预测，预报foremost ['fɔ:məust]a.最初的，最前的forfeit ['fɔ:fit]n.罚金，罚款forgive [fə'giv]v.原谅，宽恕former ['fɔ:mə]a.以前的；在前的n.前者fortunate ['fɔ:tʃənit]a.幸运的，侥幸的frame [freim] vt.发生，产生；导致，引起genuine ['dʒenjuin]a.真正的，真实的；真诚的gloomy ['glu:mi]a.阴沉的；忧郁的；令人失望的glorious ['glɔ:riəs]a.光荣的；辉煌的；令人愉快地，极好的glue [glu:]n.胶水，胶vt.胶合governor ['gʌvənə]n.总督，省长，美国州长；主管人员，理事，董事grace ['greis]n.优雅，优美；宽限；(pl.)风度，魅力vt.使优美，给...增光graceful ['greisfəl]a.优美的，优雅的grant [grɑ:nt]vt.同意，准许；授予n.授予物grasp [grɑ:sp]v./n.抓住；理解，掌握grateful ['greitful]a.感激的；感谢的gratitude ['grætitju:d]n.感激，感谢grave [greiv]a.严肃的，庄重的；严重的n.坟墓gravity ['græviti]n.重力，地心引力；庄重；严肃greedy ['gri:di]a.贪吃的，贪婪的；渴望的grieve [gri:v] vt.使悲伤，使伤心hyperinflation [`haipə(:)rin'fleiʃən]n.框架；构架vt.给...装框子；陷害，诬告；制定，表达freeze [fri:z] v.结冰，冻结n.冻结；冰冻期grip [grip]vt./vi.紧握，抓紧；吸引住..的注意n.紧握，抓牢；控制，掌握gross [grəus]a.总的；毛重的；严重的，显著的；粗俗的，粗野的；臃肿的n.总额vt.获得...的总收入gymnasium [dʒim'neizjəm]n.(缩gym)体育馆，健身房haggle ['hægl]vi.讨价还价；争论不休halt [hɔ:lt]v./n.停止；止步handful [hændful]n.一把；少数，一小撮handle ['hændl]n.柄，把手，拉手vt.触，摸；操纵；处理，应付，对待handy ['hændi]a.手边的；近便的，方便的；手巧的harmony ['hɑ:məni]n.和谐，融洽；调和haste [heist]n.匆忙，急速，仓促vi./vt.赶快，匆忙hatred ['heitrid]n.敌意，憎恨，仇恨hazard ['hæzəd]n.危险；冒险vt.冒...的风险；尝试着做(提出) headquarters ['hed`kwɔ:təz] n.恶性通货膨胀ideal [ai'diəl]n.理想；理想的东西a.理想的，完美的；想象的，空想的；唯心的identify [ai'dentifai]vt.认出，鉴定；认为...等同于，认为...一致idle ['aidl]a.闲置的；懒散的；无用的，无效的vi.懒散；虚度ignorant ['ignərənt]a.愚昧的，无知的；不知道的illicit [i'lisit]a.非法的，禁止的illiterate [i'litərit]n./a.文盲(的)illustrate ['iləstreit]vt.说明；图解，例解immense [i'mens]a.巨大的，广大的immigrant ['imigrənt]n.移民，侨民a.(从国外)移来的，移民的immunity [i'mju:niti]n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权impatient [im'peiʃənt]a.急躁的，不耐烦的；热切的，急切的implication [`impli'keiʃən]n.含意，暗示impose [im'pəuz]vt.强加；使负担；征税impress [im'pres]vt.使铭记；盖印，压印impressive [im'presiv]a.感人的，给人以深刻印象的incentive [in'sentiv]n.司令部，指挥部；总部heal [hi:l]vt./vi.治愈，愈合，恢复健康；调停，消除分歧等heap [hi:p]n.(一)堆；许多vt.堆，堆起heighten ['haitn]v.加高，提高hesitate ['heziteit]vi.犹豫，迟疑；不情愿；含糊，支吾hinder ['hində]v.阻止，妨碍hint [hint]n.暗示，提示；细微的迹象；建议vt.暗示，示意homesick ['həumsik]a.想家的horizontal [`hɔri'zɔntl]a.横的，水平的hospitality [`hɔspi'tæliti]n.好客；殷勤hostile ['hɔstail]a.敌方的；敌意的，敌对的humble ['hʌmbl]a.谦卑的；地位或职务低下的；简陋的，低劣的vt.降低，贬抑；使卑下inevitable [in'evitəbl]a.不可避免的，必然发生的infant ['infənt]n.婴儿，幼儿a.婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的infer [in'fə:]vt.推论，推理inferior [in'fiəriə]a.次的，低劣的；下级的n.下级，下属inflate [in'fleit]vt.使通货膨胀，使物价上涨n.奖励，刺激，诱因incident ['insidənt]n.发生的事；事变independent [`indi'pendənt]a.独立的，自主的；无偏见的，中立的；不关联的，无关的indicate ['indikeit]vt.指出，表示；表明indignant [in'dignənt]a.愤慨的，愤愤不平的indispensable [`indis'pensəbl]a.不可缺少的，必需的indulgence [in'dɔldʒəns]n.付款延期industrious [in'dəstriəs]a.勤劳的，勤奋的inefficient [`ini'fiʃənt]a.效率低的insult [in'sʌlt]vt./n.侮辱，凌辱insure [in'ʃuə]vt.保证；给...保险integrate ['intigreit]v.成为一体，使合并；求...的积分intellectual [`inti'lektʃuəl]n.知识分子a.智力的intend [in'tend]vt.打算，意欲；打算使...成为，想让...做intense [in'tens]a.强烈；热烈的intensive [in'tensiv]a.加强的，深入细致的；集中的intention [in'tenʃən]n.意图，意向，目的influential [`influ'enʃəl]a.有影响的；有势力的inhabitant [in'hæbitənt]n.居民，住户initial [i'niʃəl]a.最初的，开始的n.首字母injection [in'dʒekʃən]n.注射，打针，注入；注射剂injury ['indʒəri]n.损害，伤害；受伤处innocent ['inəsnt]a.无辜的，无罪的；天真的；无害的，没有恶意的innovation [`inəu'veiʃən]n.革新；新概念，新方法input ['input]n.输入，投入；输入物vt.输入inquire [in'kwaiə]vt.(=enquire)询问，打听inscribing [in'skraibiŋ]n.注册；买或卖股票；登记insert [in'sə:t]vt.插入，嵌入insist [in'sist]v.坚持；坚决主张inspect [in'spekt]vt.视察；检查inspire [in'spaiə]v.鼓励，鼓舞；使产生灵感installment [in'stɔ:lmənt]n.分期付款；分期收款install [in'stɔ:l]vt.(=instal)安装，设置；使就职，任命instinct ['instiŋkt]n.本能，直觉；天性interaction [`intər'ækʃən]n.相互作用，相互影响；干扰interfere [`intə'fiə]vi.干涉，干扰；妨碍intermediary [`intə'mi:diəri]n.中间商，中间人a.中间的intermediate [`intə'mi:diət]a.中间的；居中的；中级的n.中间物，媒介物internal [in'tə:nl]a.内部的；国内的；内心的interpret [in'tə:prit]v.解释，说明；口译interrupt [`intə'rʌpt]v.中断，打断；阻碍；打岔，插嘴interval ['intəvəl]n.间隔；间歇；(工间、课间)休息interview ['intəvju:]n.接见；面试；访问vt.接见，会见，访问；面试invade [in'veid]vt.侵占；侵略；侵犯invalid [in'vælid]a.病弱的，有病的；供病人用的；无效的，失效的，作废的n.病人，伤病员inventory ['invəntəri]n.存货清单；商品清单invest [in'vest]v.投资；投入(时间精力等)；授予，赋予investigate [in'vestigeit]vt.调查，调查研究invisible [in'vizəbl]a.看不见的，无形的involve [in'vɔlv]vt.卷入，陷入；连累；包括isolate ['aisəleit]institute ['institju:t]n.协会，学会；学院；研究所vt.设立，设置，建立instruct [in'strʌkt]vt.教，教授；指导，指示；通知instrument ['instrumənt]n.仪器；工具；乐器insufficient [`insə'fiʃənt]a.不足的，不够的jam [dʒæm]v.压紧，被夹住；堵塞，拥挤；卡住不动；挤人n.果酱；阻塞，拥挤；卡住jealous ['dʒeləs]a.妒忌的，嫉妒的；羡慕的；猜疑的；精心守护的joint [dʒɔint]n.连接处；关节a.共有的；联合的；合资的journalist ['dʒə:nəlist]n.记者，新闻工作者junk [dʒʌŋk]n.无用，无价值的东西，废物；(中国的)帆船vt.丢弃，废弃junior ['dʒu:niə]a.年少的；后进的，下级的；(年级、职位等)较低的；(美国四年制大学)三年级的n.年少者，晚辈；下级；三年级学生justice ['dʒʌstis]n.正义，公正；司法justify ['dʒʌstifai]vt.认为有理；证明正当keen [ki:n]a.锐利的；敏锐的；热心的；激烈的，强烈的kneel [ni:l]vi.跪着，下跪lag [læg] vt.孤立，隔离leisure ['leʒə]n.空闲；悠闲，安逸lessen ['lesn]v.减少；减轻；贬低lest [lest]conj.唯恐；以免liable ['laiəbl]a.易于...的，有...倾向的；有义务的，有法律责任的；可能的，大概的liberal ['libərəl]a.大方的，宽容的；自由的，思想开明的；自由主义的license ['laisəns]n.(=licence)许可证；执照v.准许，认可likely ['laikli]a.可能的，有希望的；适合的ad.很可能likewise ['laikwaiz]ad.同样地，照样地；又，也，而且limb [lim]n.肢，臂，腿；树枝link [liŋk]n.环，链环；联系，连接vt.连接，联系load [ləud]n.负载，负担v.装载；装满，使负担local ['ləukəl]a.地方的，本地的；局部的n.当地人，本地人locate [ləu'keit]vt.找到...位置，使...坐落于；把...设置在loss [lɔs]n.丧失；损失；亏损；输loyalty ['lɔiəlti]n.忠诚，忠心vi.落后，走得太慢n.滞后，时间上的间隔launch [lɔ:ntʃ]v.使(船)下水；发射；发动，开展；使开始从事n.发射，下水，新产品投产layoff ['lei'ɔ:f]n.临时解雇；关闭；停歇layout ['leiaut]n.布局；设计league [li:g]n.联盟；社团leak [li:k]v.渗漏；泄漏n.漏洞lean [li:n]v.倾斜；依靠，靠在...上a.瘦的，无脂肪的leap [li:p]vi.跳，跃；飞跃，跃进；急速行动，冲n.跳，跳跃；激增，突变leasehold ['li:shəuld]n.租赁，租约；租赁权；租赁期a.租(来)的leave [li:v]v.离开；留下；遗忘，丢下；听任；交给n.同意，许可；假期，准假legal ['li:gəl]a.合法的；正当的legend ['ledʒənd]n.传说，传奇；传奇人物manipulate [mə'nipjuleit]vt.操作，使用(机器等)操纵(人或市价，市场等)，控制，影响manner ['mænə]n.方式，方法；态度，举止；风度，礼貌，规矩manual ['mænjuəl] luggage ['lʌgidʒ]n.行李luxurious [lʌg'zjuəriəs]a.奢侈的，豪华的luxury ['lʌkʃəri]n.豪华，奢侈，奢华；奢侈品macroeconomics [`mækrəu`i:kə'nɔmiks]n.宏观经济学magic ['mædʒik]n.魔术；魔法a.魔术的；有魔力的magnetic [mæg'netik]a.有磁性的；有吸引力的magnificent [mæg'nifisnt]a.壮丽的，宏伟的；华丽的，豪华的；极好的maintenance ['meintinəns]n.保持；维修，保养；抚养费majority [mə'dʒɔriti]n.大多数；过半数merchant ['mə:tʃənt]n.商人mercy ['mə:si]n.怜悯，宽恕，仁慈；恩惠，幸运merge [mə:dʒ]v.合并；吞没，消失；结合，使合为一体mess [mes]n.混乱，杂乱，脏乱；麻烦；肮脏的人(东西) vt./vi.弄脏，弄乱microscope ['maikrəskəup]n.显微镜mild [maild]a.温暖的，暖和的；温和的，和善的，柔和的；轻微的，不严重的military ['militəri]a.手工的，体力的n.手册，指南manufacture [`mænju'fæktʃə]vt.(大量)制造，加工n.制造，制造业；产品margin ['mɑ:dʒin]n.页边空白，边缘；余地；价差，利润marine [mə'ri:n]a.海的，海上的；航海的；海上的，海事的；海军的n.海军陆战队士兵marvelous ['mɑ:viləs]a.(=marvellous)奇迹般的，了不起的；妙极的mask [mɑ:sk]n.面具，口罩，防护面具；假面具，伪装vt.用面具遮住，遮盖；掩饰，掩盖mass [mæs]n.团，堆；大量；质量；(pl.)群众，大众masterpiece ['mɑ:stəpi:s]n.名著，杰作matter ['mætə]n.物质，物体；事情，问题，情况；麻烦事，毛病vt.有关系，要紧mature [mə'tjuə]a.成熟的；成年人的；考虑周到的；到期的v.成熟maximum ['mæksiməm]n.最大限度a.最大的，最高的means [mi:nz]n.方法，方式，手段；金钱，财产meantime ['mi:n'taim]n.其时，其间ad.当时，与此同时meanwhile ['mi:n(h)'wail]ad.当时，与此同时a.军事的，军用的minimum ['miniməm]n.最小量，最小限度a.最小的，最低的minor ['mainə]a.较小(少)的；次要的n.辅修学科v.辅修minute ['minit,mai'nju:t]n.分钟；片刻；会议记录a.微细的，微小的；详细的miracle ['mirəkl]n.奇迹；奇事；令人惊奇的人、事miserable ['mizərəbl]a.悲惨的，痛苦的；令人难受的(痛苦的) misfortune [mis'fɔ:tʃən]n.不幸，灾难；厄运，逆境mission ['miʃən]n.使团；使命，任务mobile ['məubail]a.活动的；机动的，流动的；多变的，易变的n.移动电话mode [məud]n.方式，样式modest ['mɔdist]a.谦逊的，谦虚的；适中的，适度的；害羞的modify ['mɔdifai]vt.更改，修改；修饰moist [mɔist]a.潮湿的monitor ['mɔnitə]n.班长；监视(听)器；显示器v.监视，监听；监控；检测monopoly [mə'nɔpəli]n.垄断；专卖，独家经营；垄断商品，专卖商品mood [mu:d]n.心境，情绪；语气(语法)measure ['meʒə]n.尺寸；量具，计量；度量，测量；措施，办法vt./vi.测量，计量；度量；有...长(宽、高等)mechanic [mi'kænik]n.技工，机械工；力学，机械学mediator ['mi:dieitə]n.调解人；中介人medium ['mi:diəm]n.中间；媒介；方法，手段；渠道；居中，适中；新闻媒介a.中间的memorial [mi'mɔ:riəl]a.纪念的，追悼的n.纪念碑(堂)，纪念仪式mend [mend]vt.修理，修补；缝补；改正，改进merchandise ['mə:tʃəndaiz]n.商品，货物motive ['məutiv]a.发动的，运动的n.动机，目的，动因mount [maunt]v.登上，爬上，骑上；安装n.山，峰；支架，底座，底板mourn [mɔ:n]v.哀痛，哀悼；对...感到痛心multinational [mʌlti'næʃənl]a.多国的；跨国的n.跨国公司multiple ['mʌltipl]a.多样的，多重的，多倍的n.倍数multiples ['mʌltipləz]n.跨国公司multiply ['mʌltiplai]v.使相乘；增加；繁殖murder ['mə:də]n./v.谋杀，凶杀mutual ['mju:tʃuəl] moral ['mɔrəl]a.道德上的；有道德的n.寓意；道德，品行mortgage ['mɔ:gidʒ]n.抵押；抵押契据vt.抵押(借款) odd [ɔd]a.奇数的；单个的；零头的；古怪的；临时的n.可能性，机会offend [ə'fend]v.得罪；使厌恶；违反，违犯omit [əu'mit]vt.省略，删去；遗漏；忽略operation [`ɔpə'reiʃən]n.操作，运转；手术；军事行动，活动；数学运算opponent [ə'pəunənt]n.对手，敌手；反对者a.对立的，对抗的oppose [ə'pəuz]v.反抗，反对opposite ['ɔpəzit]a.相反的；对面的n.相反的事物，对立面prep.在...的对面oppress [ə'pres]vt.压迫，压制；使心情沉重，使烦恼optimistic [`ɔpti'mistik]a.乐观的option ['ɔpʃən]n.选择权；选择；供选择的事物(人)，选课organ ['ɔ:gən]n.器官；机构；风琴；新闻媒介，宣传工具origin ['ɔridʒin]n.起源，由来；血统ornament ['ɔ:nəmənt]n.点缀品，装饰品；点缀，装饰vt.装饰，点缀，美化otherwise ['ʌ0əwaiz]a.相互的；共同的mysterious [mi'stiəriəs]a.神秘的；可疑的nationality [`næʃə'næliti]n.国籍；民族necessity [ni'sesiti]n.必需，急需；(pl.)必需品negative ['negətiv]a.否定的；消极的；负的，阴性的n.负数；底片neutral ['nju:trəl]a.中立的；中性的nonsense ['nɔnsəns]n.胡说，废话；冒失的行动，胡闹nuisance ['nju:sns]n.讨厌的人或事，麻烦事numerous ['nju:mərəs]许多的，众多的object ['ɔbdʒikt]n.物体；对象；目标；宾语vi.反对，拒绝objective [ɔb'dʒektiv]a.客观的；兵格的n.目标，任务oblige [ə'blaidʒ]vt.迫使，责成；施恩于observe [əb'zə:v]v.观察；遵守，奉行；评述obstacle ['ɔbstəkl]n.障碍，障碍物obtain [əb'tein]v.获得，得到occasion [ə'keiʒən]n.场合；时机；重大活动；起因，理由vt.引起occasional [ə'keiʒənəl]a.偶然的，不时的occupy ['ɔkjupai] ad.以另外方式；在其他方面conj.否则，不然outcome ['autkʌm]n.结果，结局outline ['autlain]n.提纲，概要；轮廓vt.概括，概述；描...外形，描...轮廓output ['autput]n.产量，生产额；输出功率vt.输出(信息/数据等) outskirts ['autskə:ts]n.郊区，边界outstanding [aut'stændiŋ]a.杰出的；突出的，显著的；未解决的，未偿还的overall ['əuvərɔ:l]a.总体的；全面的，全部的n.工装裤，工作服ad.总的来说overcome [`əuvə'kʌm]vt.战胜，克服；压倒，使受不了overdraw [`əuvə'drɔ:]vt.透支，超支overdue [`əuvə'dju:]a.过期的；过期未付的peculate ['pekjuleit]vt.挪用公款；盗用；贪污peculiar [pi'kju:ljə]a.独特的；奇怪的，异常的peep [pi:p]vi.偷看，窥视penalty ['penlti]n.惩罚；罚金penetrate ['penitreit]v.穿透；渗入；了解，洞察；刺入，刺穿pension ['penʃən]n.养老金；抚恤金vt.发给...养老金vt.占领，占有；使忙碌overhead ['əuvə`hed]a./ad.在头顶上n.经常费用，管理费用overhear [`əuvə'hiə]vt.从旁听到，偶然听到overlook [`əuvə'luk]vt.俯视；没注意到；宽容overnight [`əuvə'nait]ad.一夜间；突然地a.一整夜的；突然的，似乎一夜之间出现的overseas [`əuvə'si:z]ad.在海外，在国外a.海外的，国外的overtake [`əuvə'teik]vt.追上，赶上，超过；袭击；(暴风雨/麻烦等)突然降临pace [peis]n.步子；速度；节奏v.踱步pack [pæk]v.包装；挤满n.包；一群，一副paint [peint]v.上油漆；绘，画；描绘n.油漆；颜料palm [pɑ:m]n.手掌；棕榈vt.把...藏于手掌中panic ['pænik]n.恐慌，惊慌vt./vi.使恐慌，使惊慌失措parade [pə'reid]n.游行；检阅v.游行；列队行进paradise ['pærədais]n.天堂parallel ['pærəlel]a.平行的；类似的；并列的n.平行线；可相比的事物，相似处perceive [pə'si:v]vi.察觉；认识到，意识到perform [pə'fɔ:m]v.做，履行；表演permanent ['pə:mənənt]a.永久的，持久的permission [pə'miʃən]n.允许，许可permit [pə'mit]v.允许，许可n.执照，许可证persist [pə'sist]vt.坚持，执意；持续personnel [`pə:sə'nel]n.(总称)人员，员工；人事部门perspective [pə'spektiv]n.透视画法，透视图；前景；看法，观点persuade [pə'sweid]vt.劝说，说服；使相信pessimistic [`pesi'mistik]a.悲观(主义)的phase [feiz]n.阶段，时期；方面；相，相位vt.分阶段实行(计划) phenomenon [fi'nɔminən]n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物physical ['fizikəl]a.身体的；物质的；物理学的plain [plein]a.平常的，简单的；易懂的；真诚的n.平原platform ['plætfɔ:m]n.平台，讲台；站台；(政党的)宣言，纲领plot [plɔt]n.小块地；阴谋；故事情节vt.密谋，策划；绘制...的平面图poisonous ['pɔiznəs]。

MBA专业术语汇总AAbility-to-pay principle 能力纳税原则The idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burdenAbsolute advantage 绝对优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their productivityAggregate-demand curve 总需求曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at any price levelAggregate-supply curve 总供给曲线A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at any levelAppreciation 升值An increase in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy Automatic stabilizers 自动稳定器Changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate actionAverage fixed cost 平均固定成本Fixed costs divided by the quantity of outputAverage revenue 平均收益Total revenue divided by the quantity soldAverage tax rate 平均税率Total taxes paid divided by total incomeAverage total cost 平均总成本Total cost divided by the quantity of outputAverage variable cost 平均可变成本Variables costs divided by the quantity of outputAccelerator 加速数the effect on GDP of the increase in investment that results from an increase in output. For instance, the greater output leads a firm to believe that the demand for its products will rise in the future; the resulting increase in investment leads to growth in output and still further increases in investment, accelerating the expansion of the economyAcquired endowments 后天禀赋resources a country builds for itself, like a network of roads or an educated population Adaptive expectations 适应性预期expectations based on the extrapolation of events in the recent past into the futureaggregate expenditures schedule 总支出曲线a curve that traces out the relationship between expenditures--the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditures, and net exports--and the national income, at a fixed price levelantitrust laws 反托拉斯法laws that discourage monopoly and restrictive practices and encourage greater competition arbitrage 套利the process by which assets with comparable risk, liquidity, and tax treatment are priced to yield comparable expected returnsadverse selection 逆向选择principle that says that those who most want to buy insurance tend to be those most at risk, but charging a high price for insurance (to cover the high risk)will discourage those at less risk from buying insurance at allasset 资产any item that is long-lived, purchased for the service it renders over its life and for what one will receive when one sells itassistance in kind 实物援助public assistance that provides particular goods and services, like food or medical care, rather than cashasymmetric information 信息不对称a situation in which the parties to a transaction have different information, as when the seller or a used car has more information about its quality then the buyerautonomous consumption 自主消费that part of consumption that does not depend on incomeaverage costs 平均成本the total costs divided by the total outputaverage productivity 平均产量total quantity divided by the total quantity of inputBBenefits principle 受益原则The idea that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government servicesBond 债券A certificate of indebtednessBudget constraint 预算约束The limit on the consumption bundles that a consumer can affordBudget deficit 预算赤字An excess of government spending over government receiptsBudget surplus 预算盈余An excess of government receipts over government spendinbarriers to entry 进入障碍factors that prevent firms from entering a market, such as government rules or patentsbasic competitive model 基本竞争模型the model of the economy that pulls together the assumptions of self-interested consumers, profit maximizing firms, and perfectly competitive marketsbequest savings motive 储蓄的遗产动机people save so that they can leave an inheritance to their childrenBertrand competition 伯特兰竞争an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committed to keeping their prices fixed and that customers can be lured away by offering lower pricesbilateral trade 双边贸易trade between two partiesboom 繁荣a period of time when resources are being fully used and GDP is growing steadilyCCapital 资本The equipment and structures used to produce goods and servicesCapital flight 资本外流A large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a countryCartel 卡特尔A group of firms acting in unisonCatch-up effect 追赶效应The property that countries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off richCentral bank 中央银行An institution designed to oversee the banking system and regulate the quantity of money in the economyCeteris paribus 其它条件相同A Latin phrase, translated as 'other things being equal,' used as a reminder that all variables other than the ones being studied are assumed to be constantCircular-flow diagram 循环流向图A visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firmsClassical dichotomy 古典二分法The theoretical separation of nominal and real variablesClosed economy 封闭经济An economy that does not interact with other economies in the worldCoase theorem 科斯定理The proposition that if private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources,they can solve the problem of externalities on their ownCollective bargaining 集体谈判The process by which unions and firms agree on the terms of employmentCollusion 勾结An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge Commodity money 商品货币Money that takes the form of a commodity with intrinsic valueCommon resources 共有资源Goods that are rival but not excludableComparable worth 同工同酬A doctrine according to which jobs deemed comparable should be paid the same wage Comparative advantage 比较优势The comparison among producers of a good according to their opportunity cost Compensating wage differential 补偿性工资差别A difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs Competitive market 竞争市场A market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price takerComplements 互补品Two goods for which an increase in the price of one good leads to a decrease in the demand for the other goodConstant returns to scale 规模收益不变The property that long-run average total cost stays the same as the quantity of output changes Consumer price index 消费物价指数A measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer Consumer surplus 消费者剩余A buyer's willingness to pay minus the amount the buyer actually paysConsumption 消费Spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing Cost 成本The value of everything a seller must give up to produce a goodCost-benefit analysis 成本—收益分析A study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public goodCrowding-out effect 挤出效应The offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spendingCurrency 通货The paper bills and coins in the hands of the publicCyclical unemployment 周期性失业The deviation of unemployment from its natural ratecapital gain 资本增值the increase in the value of an asset between the time it is purchased and the time it is sold capital market 资本市场the market in which savings are made available to investorscategorical assistance 分类帮助public assistance aimed at a particular category of people, like the elderly or the disabled causation 因果关系relationship that results when an change in one variable is not only correlated with but actually causes the change in another onecentral planning 中央计划the system in which central government bureaucrats (as opposed to private entrepreneurs or even local government bureaucrats) determine what will be produced an how it will be produced centralization 集权organizational structure in which decision making is concentrated at the topcentrally planned economy 中央计划经济an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are made by the central governmentcertificate of deposit (CD) 存单account in which money is deposited for a preset length of time, that must yield a slightly higher return to compensate for the reduced liquiditycircular flow 循环流程how funds move through the capital, labor, and product markets between households, firms, the government, and the foreign sectorclassical economists 古典经济学家economists prevalent before the Great Depression who believed that the basic competitive model provided a good description of the economy and that if short periods of unemployment did occur, market forces would quickly restore the economy to full employmentclassical unemployment 古典失业unemployment that results from too-high real wages; it occurs in the supply constrained equilibrium, so that rightwards shifts in aggregate supply reduce the level of unemployment competitive equilibrium price 竞争性均衡价格the price at which the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded are equal to each other consumer protection legislation 消费者保护法laws aimed at protecting consumers, for instance by assuring that consumers have more complete information about items they are considering buyingconsumer sovereignty 消费者权益the principle that holds that each individual is the best judge of what makes him better off consumption function 消费函数the relationship between disposable income and consumptioncontingency clauses 应变条款statements within a contract that make the level of payment or the work to be performed conditional upon various factorscorporate income tax 公司所得税a tax based on the income, or profit, received by a corporationcorrelation 相关relationship that results when a change in one variable is consistently associated with a change in another onecost-push inflation 成本推动型通货膨胀inflation whose initial cause is a rise in production costsCournot competition 古诺竞争an oligopoly in which each firm believes that its rivals are committed to a certain level of production and that rivals will reduce their prices as needed to sell that amountcredentials competition 文凭竞争the trend in which prospective workers acquire higher educational credentials, not so much because of anything they actually learn in the process but to convince potential employers to hire them by signaling that they will be more productive employees than those with weaker credentials credit constraint effect 信贷约束效应when prices fall, firms' revenues also fall, but the money they owe creditors remains unchanged; as a result, firms have fewer funds of their own to invest. Because of credit rationing, firms cannot make up the difference; accordingly, investment decreasescredit rationing 信贷配给credit is rationed when no lender is willing to make a loan to a borrower or the amount lenders arewilling to lend to borrowers is limited, even if the borrower is willing to pay more than other borrowers of comparable risk who are getting loanscross subsidization 交叉补贴the practice of charging higher prices to one group of consumers in order to subsidize lower prices for another groupDDeadweight loss 无谓损失The reduction in total surplus that results from a taxDemand curve 需求曲线A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demandedDemand deposits 活期存款Balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a checkDemand schedule 需求表A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded Depreciation 贬值A decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buyDepression 萧条A severe recessionDiminishing marginal product 边际产量递减The property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increasesThe property that the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases Diminishing returns 收益递减The property that the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increasesDiscount rate 贴现率The interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banksDiscouraged workers 丧失信心的工人Individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a jobDiscrimination 歧视The offering of different opportunities to similar individuals who differ only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personal characteristicsDiseconomies of scale 规模不经济The property that long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increases Dominant strategy 优势战略A strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other players debt 债务capital, such as bonds and bank loans, supplied to a firm by lenders; the firm promises to repay the amount borrowed with interestdecentralization 分权化organizational structure in which many individuals or subunits can make decisionsdecision tree 决策树a device for structured decision making that spells out the choices and possible consequences of alternative actionsdeficit spending 赤字支出the situation that exists when government expenditures are greater than revenuesdeflation 通货紧缩a persistent decrease in the general level of pricesdemand-constrained equilibrium 受需求约束的平衡the equilibrium that occurs when prices are stuck at a level above that at which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply at the current price leveldemand-pull inflation 需求拉动型通货膨胀inflation whose initial cause is aggregate demand exceeding aggregate supply at the current price leveldemographic effects 人口效应effects that arise from changes in characteristics of the population such as age, birthrates, and locationderegulation 放松管制the lifting of government regulations to allow the market to function more freelydevaluation 贬值a reduction in the rate of exchange between one currency and other currencies under a fixed exchange rate systemdeveloped countries 发达国家或工业化国家the wealthiest nations in the world, including Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealanddiminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减the principle that says that as an individual consumes more and more of a good, each successive unit increases her utility, or enjoyment, less and lessdividends 股息that portion of corporate profits paid out to shareholdersdownward rigidity of wages 工资下降刚性the situation that exists when wages do not fall quickly in response to a shift in the demand or supply curve for labor, resulting in an excess supply of labordual economy 二元经济the separation in many LDCs between an impoverished rural sector and an urban sector that has higher wages and more advanced technologyduopoly 双头垄断an industry with only two firmsdurable goods 耐用品goods that provide a service over a number of years, such as cars, major appliances, and furniture dynamic consistency 动态一致性a policy is said to have dynamic consistency when government announces a course of action and then has the incentives to actually carry out that policyEEconomics 经济学The study of how society manages its scarce resourcesEconomies of scale 规模经济The property that long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases Efficiency 效率The property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society; The property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resourcesEfficiency wages 效率工资Above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker productivityEfficient scale 有效规模The quantity of output that minimizes average total costElasticity 弹性A measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinantsEquilibrium 均衡A situation in which supply and demand have been brought into balanceEquilibrium price 均衡价格The price that balances supply and demandEquilibrium quantity 均衡数量The quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when the price has adjusted to balance supply and demandEquity 平等The fairness of the distribution of well-being among the various buyers and sellers; The property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of societyExcess demand 超额需求A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity suppliedExcess supply 超额供给A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demandedExcludability 排他性The property of a good that a person can be prevented from using itExports 出口Goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad; Goods produced domestically and sold abroadExternality 外部性The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystandereconomic rents 经济租金payments made to a factor that are in excess of what is required to elicit the supply of that factor efficiency wage theory 效率工资理论the theory that paying higher wages (up to a point) lowers total production costs, for instance by leading to a more productive labor forceeconomies of scope 范围经济what exists when it is less expensive to produce two products together than it would be to produce each one separatelyefficient markets theory 有效市场理论the theory that all available information is reflected in the current price of an assetelasticity of labor supply 劳动供给弹性the percentage change in labor supplied resulting from a 1% change in wagesequity, shares, stock 股票terms that indicate part ownership of a firm, which the firm sells in order to raise money, or capital equity capital 股份资本capital, such as shares (or stock), supplied to a firm by its owners(shareholders); the returns received by the owners are not guaranteed but depend on how well the firm doesexchange efficiency 交换的效率the condition in which whatever the economy produces is distributed among individuals in an efficient wayexchange rate 汇率the rate at which one currency (such as dollars) can be exchanged for another(such as marks, yen, or pounds)excise tax 货物税a tax on a particular good or serviceexpected return 预期收益the average return--a single number that combines the various possible returns per dollar invested with the chances that each of these returns will actually be paidexport-led growth 出口导向型增长the strategy that government should encourage exports in which the country has a comparativeadvantage to stimulate growthFFactors of production 生产要素The inputs used to produce goods and servicesFederal Reserve (Fed) 联邦储备The central bank of the United StatesFiat money 法定货币Money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decreeFinancial intermediaries 金融中介机构Financial institutions through which savers can indirectly provide funds to borrowers Financial markets 金融市场Financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to borrowersFinancial system 金融体系The group of institutions in the economy that help to match one person's saving with another person's investmentFisher effect 费雪效应The one-for-one adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rateFixed cost 固定成本Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output producedFractional-reserve banking 部分准备金银行体系A banking system in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reservesFree rider 搭便车者A person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for itfactor demand 要素需求the amount of an input demanded by a firm, given the price of the input and the quantity of output being produced; an input will be demanded up to the point where the value of the input's marginal product equals the price of theinputfederal government structure 联邦政府结构a system in which government activity takes place at several levels--national, state, county, city, and othersfirm wealth effect 厂商的财富效应lower prices or lower demand cause firms' profits and net worth to fall, and this makes them less willing to undertake the risks involved with investmentfiscal policies 财政政策policies that affect the level of government expenditures and taxesfixed exchange rate system 固定汇率体系an exchange rate system in which the value of each currency is fixed in relationship to other currenciesflexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率体系a system in which exchange rates are determined by market forces, the law of supply and demand, without government interferencefixed or overhead inputs 不变投入或分摊投入inputs that do not change depending on the quantity of output, at least over the short termflow statistics 流量统计measurements of a certain rate of quantity per period of time, such as GDP, which measures output per yearfull-employment deficit 充分就业赤字the budget deficit that would have prevailed if the economy were at full employment, thus with higher tax revenues and lower public assistance expendituresfull-employment output/ potential output 充分就业产出或潜在产出the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed (output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)GGDP deflator 平减指数A measure of the price level calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP times 100 Game theory 博弈理论The study of how people behave in strategic situationsGiffen good 吉芬物品A good for which an increase in the price raises the quantity demandedGross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of timeGross national product (GNP) 国名生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced by permanent residents of a nation within a given period of timegains from trade 交易所得the benefits that each side enjoys from a tradeGDP per capita 人均国内生产总值the value of all goods and services produced in the economy divided by populationgeneral equilibrium analysis 一般均衡分析a simultaneous analysis of all capital, product, and labor markets throughout the economyGini coefficient 基尼系数a measure of inequality (equal to twice the area between the 45 degree line and the Lorenz curve) green revolution 绿色革命the invention and dissemination of new seeds and agricultural practices that led to vast increases in agricultural output in LDCs during the 1960's and 1970'sHHorizontal equity 横向公平The idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amountHuman capital 人力资本The knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience;The accumulation of investments in people, such as education and on-the-job traininghorizontal integration 横向一体化the integration of a firm with other firms producing the same product (at the same level of production)horizontal merger 横向兼并a merger between two firms that produce the same goodshorizontal restrictions 横向约束restrictions (such as an agreement not to compete in price or to enter each others' markets) by competing firms (at the same level of production, for instance, among producers, or among wholesalers, or among retailers)hostile takeover 恶意收购when one management team (one firm) takes over the control of another, against the will of the second firmIImport quota 进口限额A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domesticallyImports 进口Goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domesticallyIn-kind transfers 实物转移支付Transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cashIncome effect 收入效应The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curveIncome elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers' income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in incomeIndexation 指数化The automatic correction of a dollar figure for the effects of inflation by law or contract Indifference curves 无差异曲线Curves that show consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction A good for which an increase in income reduces the quantity demandedInferior good 低档商品A good for which, other things being equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in quantity demandedInflation 通货膨胀An increase in the overall level of prices in the economyInflation rate 通货膨胀率The percentage change in the price index from the preceding periodInternalizing an externality 外部性的内在化Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actions Investment 投资Spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housingimperfect competition 不完全竞争any market structure in which there is some competition but firms face downward-sloping demand curvesimplicit contract 隐含合同an unwritten understanding between two groups involved in an exchange, such as an understanding between employer and employees that employees will receive a stable wage throughout fluctuating economic conditionsimport function 进口函数the relationship between imports and national incomeincomplete markets 不完全市场situations in which no market may exist for some good or for some risk, or in which some individuals cannot borrow for some purposesincreasing, constant or diminishing returns to scale 规模收益递增/不变/递减when all inputs are increased by a certain proportion, output increases by a greater proportion (also known as economies of scale)indexing 指数化the formal linking of any payment to a price indexindividual income tax 个人所得税a tax based on the income received by any individual or householdinfant industry argument for protection 幼稚工业保护论the argument that industries must be protected from foreign competition while they are young, until they have a chance to acquire the skills to enable them to compete on equal termsinfinite elasticity of demand 无限需求弹性the situation that exists when any amount will be demanded at a particular price, but nothing will be demanded if the price rises even a small amountinfinite elasticity of supply 无限供给弹性situation that exists when any amount will be supplied at a particular price, but nothing will be supplied if the price falls even a small amountinflation tax 通货膨胀税the decrease in buying power (wealth) that inflation imposes on those who hold currency (and other assets, like bonds, the payments for which are fixed in terms of dollars)inflationary spiral 通货膨胀螺旋a self-perpetuating system in which price increases lead to higher wages, which lead to further price increasesinfrastructure 基础设施the roads, ports, bridges, and legal system that provide the necessary basis for a working economy insider-outsider theory 局内人—局外人理论the theory that firms are reluctant to pay new workers (outsiders) a lower wage than current workers (insiders), because current workers will fear beingreplaced by the new log-wage workers and will not participate in cooperating with and training theminterest 利息the return a saver receives in addition to the original amount she deposited, and the amount that a borrower must pay in addition to the original amount she depositedinterest rate effect 利率效应。

n.(with)熟悉，熟知，相识，了解；熟人，相识地人acquire [4'kwai4]vt.取得，求得，获得，学得actual ['1kt5u4l,'1ktju4l]a.现实地，实际地，事实上地；现在地，目前地acute [4'kju:t]a.严重地，激烈地；敏锐地了；锐地，尖地；(疾病)急性地adapt [4'd1pt]vt.使适应；改编；改写 vi.(to)适应adequate ['1dikwit]a.充足地，足够地；适当地，胜任地adjust [4'd98st]vt.(to)调整，调节；整理，使合适administration [4d`minis'trei54n]n.经营，管理，支配；管理部门，行政机关，政府；实行，执行admire [4d'mai4]vt.钦佩；羡慕；赞赏；称赞，夸奖admit [4d'mit]vt./vi.准许...进来，准许...加入；(to)承认，供认adopt [4'd3pt]vt./vi.采用，采纳，采取；正式通过，批准；收养(子女)advance [4d'v2:ns]vi.前进；取得进展；(价格等)上涨；促进，推进，助长vt.预先发放，预先支付；提前，使提前发生；提出(建议等) n.前进，进展，发展；预付；提前adventure [4d'vent54]n.冒险，奇遇；冒险活动advisable [4d'vaiz4bl]a.明智地；可取地；适当地advertise [`1dv4taiz]vt.为...做广告，宣传；(在报刊、电视、广播等中)公告，公布affect [4'fekt]vt.影响affection [4'fek54n]n.喜爱，慈爱，感情，爱慕之情affiliate [4'filieit]vt./vi.(使...)加入，联合；(to,with)使隶属(附属)于 n.附属公司；分公司afford [4'f3:d]vt.(与can,could,be able to连用)买得起，花得起(时间)；提供，给予agency ['eid94nsi]n.代理行，代办处，经销店；(政府等地)专业行政部门agent ['eid94nt]n.代理人，代理商，经纪人；政府特工人员，政府代表；动因，原因；剂aggression [4'gre54n]n.侵略，进攻aid [eid]vt.帮助，援助 n.帮助，救护；助手，辅助物，辅助手段alarm [4'l2:m]n.警报，警报器，警铃；惊恐，忧虑 vt.向...报警；使惊慌，使不安，惊吓alienation [`eilj4'nei54n]n.转让，让渡alike [4'laik]a.(常作表语)相似地，同样地，相像地allocation [`1l4'kei54n]n.分配；拨款(权)alter ['3:lt4]v.改变，变更amateur ['1m4t4:]a.业余地；非职业地；外行地 n.业余爱好者，业余运动员；外行amaze [4'meiz]v.使惊奇，使惊叹ambition [1m'bi54n]n.雄心，野心；期望得到地东西ambulance ['1mbjul4ns]n.救护车，救护船，救护飞机amendment [4'mendm4nt]n.修正；赔款amuse [4'mju:z]v.逗乐；给...提供娱乐analysis [4'n1l4sis]n.分析；分析报告ancestor ['1nsist4]n.祖宗，祖先；原型，先驱ancient ['ein54nt]a.古代地；古老地annoy [4'n3i]vt.使烦恼，使生气；打扰annual ['1nju4l]a.每年地，年度地 n.年刊，年鉴annuity [4'nju(:)iti]n.年金；养老金anticipate [1n'tisipeit]vi.预料，期望；先于...行动；提前使用apart [4'p2:t]ad.离去，分开；(空间、时间)成距离，相隔；除去apparent [4'p1r4nt]a.(to)显然地，明显地；表面上地，外表地，貌似(真实)地appeal [4'pi:l]vi.(to)呼吁，恳求；(against)申诉；(to)求助于，诉诸于n.(to)要求，呼吁；上诉，申诉；吸引力appetite ['1pitait]n.食欲，胃口；欲望applicable ['1plik4b4l]a.(to)可适用地，可实施地；适当地，合适地appoint [4'p3int]vt.任命，约定，指定(时间、地点)appraisal [4'preiz4l]n.评价，估量，估价appreciate [4'pri:5ieit]vt./vi.欣赏，重视，赏识；为...表示感激；增值approach [4'pr4ut5]vi./vt.(to)靠近，接近 n.接近；途径；方法appropriate [4'pr4upriit]n.拨出(款项等)；占用，挪用 a. (to)适当地，恰当地approve [4'pru:v]vt./vi.(of)赞成，赞同；批准，对...表示认可argument ['2:gjum4nt]n.辩论，争论，争吵；(from, against)论据，理由arise [4'raiz]vi.出现；(from)由...引起，由...产生，起源于arouse [4'rauz]v.唤醒；引起；激起artificial [`2:ti'fi54l]a.人造地，人工地；人为地，矫柔造作地ashamed [4'5eimd]a.(常用做表语)惭愧地，害臊地，羞耻地aspect ['1spekt]n.方面；外表；(建筑物地)朝向，方向assemble [4'sembl]vt./vi.集合；装配assessment [4'sesm4nt]n.评估；确定金额asset ['1set]n.有价值地人，优点，长处；(pl.)资产，财产assign [4'sain]vt.(to)指派，指定；(to)分配；指定(时间、地点等)assist [4'sist]v.援助，协助associate [4's4u5ieit]vt./vi.(with)(在思想上)把...联系在一起；使联想 n.伙伴，合作人 a.副地assume [4'sju:m]vt.假定，设想；承担，担任，就职；呈现，具有，采取assure [4'5u4]vt.(of)使确信，使放心；保证给，确保astonish [4s't3ni5]vt.使惊讶，使吃惊astronaut ['1str4n3:t]n.宇航员attach [4't1t5]vt.系上；使附属；加于....上；使依恋，使喜爱attempt [4'tempt]vt.尝试，企图，开始做 n. 努力，尝试attendance [4'tend4ns]n.出席；出席人数attorney [4't4:ni]n.代理人；律师audience ['3:dj4ns]n.听众，观众，读者authority [3:'73riti]n.权力；权威，专家；行政管理机构，当权者；(pl.)当局automatic [`3:t4'm1tik]a.自动地；无意识地，机械地 n. 自动机械available [4'veil4bl]a.现成可使用地，在手边地，可利用地；可以见到地，随时可来地average ['1v4rid9]a.平均地；一般地，通常地 n.平均(数)；一般水平，平均水平 v.平均为avoid [4'v3id]vt.避免；避开awake [4'weik]v.唤醒；(使)觉醒；醒悟到，认识到 a.醒着地aware [4'we4]a.意识到地，知道地award [4'w3:d]vt.颁奖，授予 n.奖，奖品awful ['3:ful]a.极坏地；可怕地；极度地；感到难过地，不舒服地awkward ['3:kw4d]a.笨拙地；尴尬地；棘手地baggage ['b1gid9]n.行李ban [b1n]n./vt.禁止，禁令，取缔band [b1nd]n.乐队；带子；波段；一群，一伙 vt.绑扎bankrupt ['b16kr8pt]n.破产者 vt.使破产 a.破产地；彻底缺乏地bare [be4]a.赤裸地，光秃地；仅有地 vt.裸露，露出barrier ['b1ri4]n.栅栏；障碍；关卡bargain ['b2:gin]n.契约，合同交易；便宜货；成交商品 vt.讨价还价basis ['beisis]n.基础，根据beforehand [bi'f3:h1nd]ad.预先，事先behalf [bi'h2:f]n.利益，方面belong [bi'l36]vi.属于；隶属，是...地一员；应归入(类别、派别、范畴等)beneficial [`beni'fi54l]a.有益地，有利地benefit ['benifit]n.利益，好处；救济金，保险金 v.得益；有益于bid [bid]v.投标；命令，吩咐；说(问候地话)；祝愿；n.出价，报价bill [bil]n.帐单，清单；钞票；票据；议案，法案blame [bleim]vt.责备，责怪；(on, onto)把...归咎于 n.责任，过失；指责blank [bl16k]a.空白地；茫然地 n.空白(处)，空格block [bl3k]n.块；街区；障碍物；大楼，一排房屋 vt.阻塞，封锁bloom [blu:m]n.花朵；开花期 vi. 开花n.木板，纸板；甲板，船舷；伙食；董事会 vt.上飞机(或船、车)；供应伙食boast [b4ust]v.(of,about)自夸，夸耀；有...可以夸耀，自豪地拥有 n.自夸，自吹自擂bold [b4uld]a.大胆地；冒失地；黑体字地bond [b3nd]n.契约；结合物，粘结剂；债券bonus ['b4un4s]n.奖金；红利；额外津贴boom [bu:m]n.低沉地隆隆声；营业等地激增，经济迅速发展vi./vt.雷、炮等发出隆隆声；兴隆，迅速发展border ['b3:d4]n.边；边界，国界 v.给...加上边，围；与...接壤(毗邻)bore [b3:]vt.使厌烦；钻(孔)打眼，凿通 n.令人厌烦地人或事；孔，孔道bound [baund]a.必定地；受约束地，有义务地；准备到...去地，开往...地 vi.跳跃，跳跃着前进；跳回，反弹vt. 成为...地界限，给...划界限 n. 分界线，边界；界限，范围boundary ['baund4ri]n.分界线；边界brain [brein]n.大脑；(pl.)智力；脑髓breed [bri:d]v.生仔，繁殖；饲养；产生，引起；养育，教养 n.(牲畜等地)品种，种类bribe [braib]v.贿赂，向...行贿 n. 贿赂，行贿brief [bri:f]a.简短地；短暂地 vt.作简要介绍n.重担，负担；重负，负荷；船地装载量bride [braid]n.新娘bureau ['bju4r4u]n.(机构地)局，部，办事处burst [b4:st]v.使爆炸；(in,out)突然发生；(芽、蕾等)绽开 n.爆炸；裂口，决口by-business ['bai`biznis]n.副业，兼职by-law ['bail3:]n.公司章程；细则，附则byproduct ['bai`pr3d4kt]n.副产品cabinet ['k1binit]n.橱柜；政府内阁calculate ['k1lkjuleit]v.计算；推算；计划campaign [k1m'pein]n.战役；运动 vi.参加运动，参加竞选cancel ['k1ns4l]vt.取消；删去；抵消candidate ['k1ndideit]n.报考者；候选人capable ['keip4bl]a.有能力地；能...地capacity [k4'p1siti]n.容量；能力；身份，职位capture ['k1pt54]vt.捉拿；俘获；夺取 n.俘获，俘虏；战利品，俘虏物career [k4'ri4]n.经历，生涯；职业，专业cargo ['k2:g4u]n.货物，船货case [keis]n.事实，情况；病例；案件，案例；盒(箱)子；壳子，套子，鞘cash [k15]n.现金，现款 v.兑现，付现casual ['k19ju4l]a.偶然地；随便地；临时地，不定期地；不经意地，随便地caution ['k3:54n]n.小心，谨慎；警告，告诫；注意事项 v.警告，劝某人小心；告诫cease [si:s]v.停止，结束celebrate ['selibreit]vt.庆祝；颂扬，赞美vi.庆祝，过节cement [si'ment]n.水泥；胶粘剂 vt.粘接；巩固centigrade ['sentigreid]n./a.摄氏温度(地)；百分度地ceremony ['serim4ni]n.典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪certificate [s4'tifik4t]n.证(明)书；单据challenge ['t51lind9]vt.向...挑战；公然反对，反抗；对...质疑，对...怀疑 n.挑战(书)；艰巨地任务；怀疑，质问characteristic [`k1rikt4'ristik]a.特有地，典型地 n.特征，特性charge [t52:d9]v.索价；控告；充电 n.费用；指控；充电，电荷charming ['t52:mi6]a.可爱地，迷人地chase [t5eis]vt./n.追猎，追赶check [t5ek]vt.检查，核对；制止 n.检查，核对；支票；帐单；方格图案cheque [t5ek]n.[美]check支票chief [t5i:f]a.首要地，主要地；为首地，总地 n.领袖，首领，长官；头目，酋长chilly ['t5ili]a.寒冷地chore [t53:]n.(pl.)家庭杂务circulate ['s4:kjuleit]v.循环；流通；流传circumstance ['s4:k4mst4ns]n.(常pl.)情况，条件，环境，情形；(pl.)境况，经济状况；详情，事实civilization [`sivilai'zei54n]n.文明，文化；开化claim [kleim]vt.对...提出要求，索取；声称，主张；索赔；(灾难等)使失踪或死亡；需要，值得n.(对于权利地)要求，认真，索赔；声称，断言classical ['kl1sik4l]a.经典地，古典地classify ['kl1sifai]vt.把...分等级；分类client ['klai4nt]n.委托人；顾客clue [klu:]n.线索；思路；暗示coarse [k3:s]a.粗糙地；粗俗地collapse [k4'l1ps]v./n.倒塌；崩溃；(价格)暴跌；倒闭，破产colleague ['k3li:g]n.同事，同僚collective [k4'lektiv]a.集体地；共同地 n.集体，团体combine [k4m'bain]v.结合；化合command [k4'm2:nd]v.命令，指挥 n.命令；掌握，运用能力comment ['k3ment]n./vi.评论，意见；注释commercial [k4'm4:54l]a.商业地，商务性地；商品化地 n.商业广告commission [k4'mi54n]n.委任状；授权，委托；佣金，回扣；委员会 vt.委托，委任commit [k4'mit]vt.犯(错、罪)；(oneself)使承担义务；(to)把...交托给，把...提交给committee [k4'miti]n.委员会，全体委员commodity [k4'm3diti]n.日用品；商品communicate [k4'mju:nikeit]v.交流，交际；传播；通信联络community [k4'mju:niti]n.社区，社会；团体，共同体；(动植物地)群落company ['k8mp4ni]n.公司；陪伴；客人；连(队)，(一)群，(一)伙compare [k4m'pe4]v.比较；把...比作compel [k4m'pel]vt.强迫compensate ['k3mpenseit]v.(损坏)赔偿，补偿；抵消compete [k4m'pi:t]vi.比赛；竞争complaint [k4m'pleint]n.抱怨，诉苦；申诉；疾病complex ['k3mpleks]a.复杂地，难懂地；综合地 n.综合企业，综合体；情节complicated ['k3mplikeitid]a.复杂地，难懂地其compose [k4m'p4uz]v.由...组成；写作，作曲；使平静，使镇静compound ['k3mpaund]a.复合地；合成地 n.化合物；复合词(句) vt.使恶化，加重；使化合，使合成comprehensive [`k3mpri'hensiv]a.综合地，广泛地；有理解力地，理解地compress [k4m'pres]vt.压缩，浓缩；摘要叙述compromise ['k3mpr4maiz]n./vi.妥协，折衷 vt.危及，放弃(原则，理想等)conceal [k4n'si:l]v.隐藏，隐瞒；对...保密concentrate ['k3ns4ntreit]v.集中，专心；浓缩concern [k4n's4:n]n.关系；关心；有关系地事；公司，商号 vt.涉及；使担心，使挂念concrete ['k3nkri:t]a.具体地，实质性地 n.混凝土 vt.用混凝土修筑，浇混凝土condemn [k4n'dem]vt.谴责；宣判condense [k4n'dens]v.凝结；压缩；精简conduct ['k3nd4kt, k4n'd8kt]n.举止，行为 v.处理；引导；导电，传热confess [k4n'fes]v.承认，坦白；忏悔confidence ['k3nfid4ns]n.信任，信心；秘密，机密confident ['k3nfid4nt]a.有信心地，自信地；确信地，肯定地confirm [k4n'f4:m]vt.证实，肯定；进一步证实(确定)；批准；使更坚固，使更坚定conflict ['k3nflikt, k4n'flikt]n.抵触；争执；冲突 vi.冲突，抵触confront [k4n'fr8nt]v.迎面遇到，遭遇；勇敢地面对，正视；使对质，使当面对证confuse [k4n'fju:z]vt.搞乱，使混乱；使困惑，把...弄胡涂；混淆，把...混同congress ['k36gres]n.(代表)大会，正式会议；国会conquer ['k36k4]vt.征服；战胜，克服(困难、恶习等)，破处(坏习惯等)conscience ['k3n54ns]n.良心conscious ['k3n54s]a.有意识地；头脑清醒地；自觉地consent [k4n'sent]vi./n.同意；答应consequence ['k3nsikw4ns]n.后果，影响；重要性conservative [k4n's4:v4tiv]a.保守地 n.保守地人；保守派considerate [k4n'sid4rit]a.考虑周到地；体谅地consist [k4n'sist]vi.由...组成；存在于；与...一致consolidation [k4n`s3li'dei54n]n.企业合并constant ['k3nst4nt]a.始终如一地；经常地；不变地，固定地 n.常数，恒量constitution [`k3nsti'tju:54n]n.宪法；体质；构成consult [k4n's8lt]vt.商量；请教，找...商议；参考(地图)，查看(词典)consume [k4n'sju:m]vt.消耗，消费；吃完，喝光；使着迷，充满consumption [k4n's8mp54n]n.消耗；消费；消费量contact ['k3nt1kt,k4n't1kt]n.接触，联系 vt.接触，联系contain [k4n'tein]vt.包含，容纳；等于，相等于；控制，抑制contemporary [k4n'temp4r4ri]a.当代地；同时代地 n.同时代人，同辈content ['k3ntent,k4n'tent]n.含量；(pl.)所容纳地东西；内容，目录；满足，满意a.满足地，满意地vt.使满足，使满意contest [k4n'test,'k3ntest]v./n.比赛，竞争；争论，争辩continual [k4n'tinju4l]a.连续不断地；频繁地contract ['k3ntr1kt, k4n'tr1kt]n.合同，契约；包工 v.订合同；缩短，缩写contradiction [`k3ntr4'dik54n]n.矛盾；反驳contribute [k4n'tribju(:)t]v.贡献出；投稿；有助于convenience [k4n'vi:nj4ns]n.便利，方便；(pl.)便利设施，方便地用具convention [k4n'ven54n]n.公约；习俗；大会conventional [k4n'ven54nl]a.惯例地，常规地；传统地，规范地convert [k4n'v4:t]vt.使转变，使转化；使...改变信仰convey [k4n'vei]vt.搬运，运送(旅客、货物等)；传达(消息，思想等)；传播(声音等)convince [k4n'vins]vt.使信服，使确信cooperate [k4u'3p4reit]vt.合作，协作；相配合coordinate [k4u'3:dineit]vt.协调，调节cope [k4up]vi.对付；妥善处理correspond [`k3ri'sp3nd]vi.符合；相当于；通信corrupt [k4'r8pt]a.腐败地，贪赃舞弊地 v.腐蚀；使堕落costly ['k3stli]a.昂贵地；代价高地counter ['kaunt4]n.计算器；柜台 a./ad.相反地 v.对抗，反驳counterfeit ['kaunt4fit]v./n.伪造，假冒 n.假货，伪造品course [k3:s]n.课程；过程；一道菜；课程，教程；行动方针，做法court [k3:t]n.法院；院子；球场；宫廷，朝廷crash [kr15]v.倒下，碰撞，坠落；发出撞击声；垮台，破产 n.轰隆声，哗啦声；飞机坠毁声credit ['kredit]n.信用，信任；信用贷款，赊欠；声望，名誉；光荣，功劳；学分vt.信用，信任；把...记入贷方；把...归于criminal ['kriminl]n.罪犯，刑事犯 a.犯罪地，刑事地critical ['kritik4l]a.决定性地，关键性地；批评地，批判地；危急地，紧要地crude [kru:d]a.天然地；生地，未熟地；粗野地cruel ['kru4l]a.残酷地，残忍地crush [kr85]v.压碎；镇压cultivate ['k8ltiveit]vt.耕作；栽培；培养cunning ['k8ni6]a.狡猾地，狡诈地cupboard ['k8b4d]n.碗橱curb [k4:b]n.场外证券市场，场外交易 vt.制止，抑制cure [kju4]vt.纠正；治愈 n.治愈；疗法，良药curiosity [`kju4ri'3siti]n.好奇，好奇心；古董，奇物，古玩currency ['k8r4nsi]n.货币；通用，流通cycle ['saikl]n.周期；循环；自行(摩托)车 vi.骑车；循环damage ['d1mid9]n.损害，毁坏； (pl.)损害赔偿费 vt.损害，损伤dash [d15]v.猛冲，飞奔；浇，泼，溅 n.猛冲，突进；破折号deadly ['dedli]a.致命地，致死地；不共戴天地，殊死地；非常地，极度地 ad.死一般地；非常地，极度地dealer ['di:l4]n.买卖人，商人；经销商，证券商debate [di'beit]n./v.讨论；辩论deceive [di'si:v]v.欺骗，蒙骗decent ['di:snt]a.正派地；体面地，得体地；宽厚地，大方地decline [di'klain]vt./vi.拒绝，谢绝；下降，太阳落山；衰退，衰落 n.下降，减少，衰弱decorate ['dek4reit]vt.装饰，装潢decrease [di'kri:s, 'di:kri:s]v./n.减少，减小deduct [di'd8kt]v.扣除；减去default [di'f3:lt]n.不负责；缺席；拖欠 v.不履行，不负责任；缺席，不到案；拖欠债务defects [di'fekt]n.不合格品deficit ['defisit]n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差define [di'fain]vt.解释(定义)，下定义；规定definite ['definit]a.明确地，确定地；一定地，肯定地；限定地delay [di'lei]n./v.推迟，延误，耽搁delegation [`deli'gei54n]n.代表团delicate ['delikit]a.娇嫩地；精细地；微妙地；易碎地，脆弱地delicious [di'li54s]a.美味地，芬芳地；怡人地，有趣地delight [di'lait]v.使欣喜，使高兴 n.快乐，高兴；使人高兴地东西(人)deliver [di'liv4]vt.投递，送交；发表；分娩；给予(打击等)；解救，拯救demand [di'm2:nd]vt./n.要求；需要；询问，查询democracy [di'm3kr4si]n.民主政治，民主主义地；民主国家；民主，民主制demonstrate ['dem4nstreit]v.证明；演示；示威游行；现实，表露dense [dens]a.密地，密集地；密度大地deny [di'nai]vt.否认；拒绝depart [di'p2:t]vi.离开，出发；背离，违反dependent [di'pend4nt]a.依靠地，依赖地；随...而定地，由...决定地deposit [di'p3zit]vt.使沉淀，使沉积；存放，寄放；储蓄 n.存款；押金；沉淀depreciation [di`pri:5i'ei54n]n.折旧；价值下降depression [di'pre54n]n.不景气，萧条；抑郁，情绪低落；洼地；低气压deprive [di'praiv]vi.剥夺，使丧失derive [di'raiv]v.从...得到；源自desert ['dez4t]n.沙漠 vt.遗弃；擅自离开deserve [di'z4:v]vt.应受；值得design [di'zain]v.设计，构思；预定，指定 n.设计(图样)，构思；图谋，企图；图样，图案desirable [di'zai4r4b4l]a.值得拥有地，值得向地；有利地，可取地desperate ['desp4rit]a.(因绝望而)不顾一切地，孤注一掷地；绝望地，危急地；极向往地，极需要地destruction [dis'tr8k54n]n.破坏；消灭detect [di'tekt]vt.察觉，发现；侦察，探测determination [di`t4:mi'nei54n]n.决心；确定，测定devalue [di:'v1lju:]n.贬值devote [di'v4ut]vt.将...奉献给；把...专用于dictation [dik'tei54n]n.口授笔录；听写digest [di'd9est,'daid9est]vt.消化(食物)；领会 n.文摘，摘要diligent ['dilid94nt]a.勤奋地，用功地disappoint [`dis4'p3int]vt.使失望，使扫兴；使计划受挫折，使落空disaster [di'z2:st4]n.灾难，天灾；彻底地失败discharge [dis't52:d9]vt.允许...离开，释放，解雇；放出，排出，发射；释放；卸(货 )，下(车) n.放出；排出；放出，放电；卸(货)，下(客)discipline ['disiplin]n.训练，训导；纪律，风纪；学科；惩罚，处分 vt.训练，训导；惩罚，处罚disclose [dis'kl4uz]vt.使显露；揭发，泄漏discount ['diskaunt]n.(卖方给买方地)折扣，折价；贴现；不考虑，漠视 vt.给...打折扣；给期票贴现；不重视，不理会，低估disease [di'zi:z]n.疾病；不健全，弊端disguise [dis'gaiz]vt.化妆，假扮；隐瞒，掩饰；伪装 n.伪装，隐瞒；用来伪装地东西(行动)dismiss [dis'mis]vt.免职，解雇；解散；不考虑；驳回，不受理dispute [dis'pju:t]v.争论，辩论 n.争论，辩驳；争端dissolve [di'z3lv]v.溶解；(使)融化；解散distinct [di'sti6kt]a.不同地；明显地，清楚地distinguish [dis'ti6gwi5]v.(from)区别，区分；看出，听出；(oneself)使杰出，使扬名distribute [dis'tribju(:)t]vt.(to)分发，分配；分布disturb [dis't4:b]vt.打扰。