so-such-用法及练习题
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Such 和so 的用法:
如此…以致于…
so+adj./adv.+that….
such+(a/an+adj.+)+n.+that…
特殊情况：
1.它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。
so的词序为：so+ adj. + a（an）+ n.
such的词序为：such +a（an）+adj. + n.
so nice a coat =such a nice coat
so interesting a book = such an interesting book
2.后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so.如：
such beautiful flowers such clever children
3.名词前有many，few，much，little修饰时，只能用so 而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。
so many books so few people so much money
so little milk
4. 和“that”连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。
“so…that…”句型结构为：
so + adj. （adv.）+that…
so + adj. +a（an）+单数n. +that…
so +many（few）+复数n. +that…
so +much（little）+不可数n. +that…
这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三遍。
This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. It is such an interesting book that I have read it three times. It is so interesting a book that I have read it three times.
他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。
He speak so quickly that we can’t understand him.
天气很热，谁都不想干活。
The weather is so hot that we don’t want to do anything.
这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。
There are so many people that we can’t go ahead.
5.“such…that…”句型结构为：
such + a （an）+adj. +单数n. +that…
such + adj. +复数n. +that…
such +adj. +不可数n. +that…
她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.
这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。
It is such delicious cake that I would like to eat more.
这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。
It is such delicious milk that we want to drink.
6.由于so 和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。
如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times.
可改写成：
It is such an interesting book that….
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.
可改写成：
It is such a hot day that…
7. so与that可以直接构成词组“so that”，引导目的和结果状语从句，表示“以便、以致,为了”的意思。
如：He worked hard so that he could pass the exams. 为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。
（但such没有这种用法）
巩固练习：
一.根据汉语意思填空。
1. 他努力学习，以便取得好成绩。
He works hard ______________ he can get good results.
2. 老师写得很仔细，是为了让我们看得清楚。
The teacher wrote carefully ____________ we could see clearly.
3. 他太伤心了，以致说不出一个字来。
He is ________________he can’t say a word.
4.妹妹身体太弱了，不能再走了。
My sister is _______________ she can’t walk farther.
5.他跳得很远，所以得了第一名。
He jumped _______________he got the first place.
6. 这套衣服很贵，我没买。
The suit cost _____ much _____ I didn’t buy it.
7. 那次旅游很便宜，他们都去了。
The trip cost _____ _____ _____ they all went.
8. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以致于大喊大叫。
When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _____ excited _____ they cried out.
9. David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper.（变简单句）David was _____ careless _____ find the mistakes in his test paper.
10. The boy is so young that he can't look after himself. (改写句子) The boy is not ______ ______to look after himself.
二. 翻译下列句子：
1. 今天天气那么好我们将去游泳。
Today the weather is so nice/fine that we’re going to swim.
It is such nice/fine weather today that we’re going to swim.
2. 这双鞋这么小我穿不上。
This pair of shoes is so small that I can’t wear.
3.史密斯你一家有这么多孩子，他们组成了自己的篮球队。
The Smiths have so many children that they make their own basketball team.
4.这件衣服太贵了我买不起。
This clothes is so expensive that I can’t afford it.
It is such a expensive clothes that I can’t afford it.
5. 他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。
They are such good students that teachers like them.
三．用so…that…改写下列句子。
1.The camera cost very much. I didn’t buy one.
The camera cost so much that I didn’t buy one.
2.The trip cost very little. They all went.
The trip cost so little that they all went.
3.The star is very fa r away. We can’t see it with ou r eyes. The star is so far away that we can’t see it with our eyes.
4.Ed lent me an umbrella （以便我不会在雨中淋湿).
Ed lent me an umbrella so that we won’t wet in the rain
5.Mike bought a camera. (以便她能在北京拍照).
Mike bought a camera so that she can take photos in Beijing.。
