锂电池专业英语精编WORD版

盖板c o v e r b o a r d 底板s o l e p i e c e 钢珠s t e e l b a l l 压钢珠p r e s s s t e e l b a l l 防爆阀v a l v e p r e v e n t i n g e x p l o s i o n大电流(倍率)放电discharge in high rate current标称电压Normal voltage标称容量normal capacity放电容量discharge capacity充电上限电压limited voltage in charge放电下限电压terminating voltage in discharge恒流充电constant current charge恒压充电constant voltage charge恒流放电constant current discharge放电曲线discharge curve充电曲线charge curve放电平台discharge voltage plateau容量衰减capacity attenuation起始容量initial discharge capacity流水线pipelining传送带carrying tape焊极耳welding the current collector卷绕wind叠片layer贴胶带stick tape点焊spot welding超声焊ultrasonic weldingThe terminating voltage in discharge of the battery is volt. The limited voltage in charge of the battery is volt.三元素Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxidethree elements materials钴酸锂Cobalt Lithium Oxide锰酸锂Manganese Lithium Oxide石墨graphite烘箱oven真空烘箱vacuum oven搅拌机mixing devicevacuum mixing device涂布机coating equipment裁纸刀paper knife ,,,,,,cutting knife分条机equipment for cutting big piece to much pieces 辊压机roll press equipment电阻点焊机spot welding machine超声点焊机ultrasonic spot welding machine卷绕机winder自动叠片机auto laminating machine激光焊机laser welding machine注液机infusing machine真空注液机vacuum infusion machine预充柜pre-charge equipment化成柜formation systems分容柜grading systems测试柜testing systems内阻仪battery inner resistance tester万用表multimeter转盘式真空封口机turntable type vacuum sealing machine自动冲膜机automatic aluminum membrane shaper。

锂离子电池常用专业英语（一）序号首字母英文中文1 A aging 老化2 B battery charger 充电器3 black-fleck 黑斑4 C cap 盖板5 capacity density 能量密度6 capacity grading 分容7 cathode tab welding 极耳超焊8 cell 电芯9 charge(capacity) retention 荷电（容量）保持10 checking code 检码11 concave spot 凹点12 constant current charge 恒流充电13 constant current discharge 恒流放电14 constant voltage charge 恒压充电15 corrective measures 纠正措施16 crack 裂纹17 cut-off voltage 终止电压18 cycle life 循环寿命19 D dark trace 暗痕20 degrade 降级21 dent 凹痕22 discharge depth 放电深度23 distortion 变形24 drape 打折25 E Electrical and MechanicalServices Department 机电部26 electrolyte 电解，电解液27 empaistic 压纹28 end-off voltage 放电截止电压29 environmentally friendly 对环境友好30 equipment first inspection 设备首检31 erode 腐蚀32 explosion-proof line 防爆线33 F first inspection 首检34 formation 化成35 fracture 断裂36 I inspection 检验37 insulate 绝缘38 internal resistance 内阻39 J jellyroll 卷芯40 joint 接缝，结合点41 L laser deflecting 偏光42 laser reticle 激光刻线43 laser welding-flatwise weld 激光焊接-平焊laser welding-standing weld 激光焊接-立焊44 leakage 漏液45 leak-checking 测漏46 leaving out of welding 漏焊47 limited charge voltage 充电限制电压48 local action 自放电49 M margin turnly 翘边50 measuring the dimension of cells 电芯卡尺寸51 meet requirement 达到要求52 memory effects 记忆效应53 N nick 划痕54 nominal voltage 标称电压55 notice-board confirmation 看板确认56 nugget 硬块57 O obverse 正面58 open circuit voltage 开路电压59 over charge 过充60 over discharge 过放61 over the thickness 超厚62 P particle 颗粒63 PE membrane PE膜64 pit 坑点65 placing cells into the box 电芯装盒66 point inspection 点检67 preventive measures 预防措施68 pricking the tapes 扎孔69 process inspection 制程检验70 put the battery piled up 将电芯叠放在一起71 Q qualified products 合格品72 quality assurance 质量保证73 quality control 质量控制74 quality improvement 质量改进75 quality match 品质配对76 quality planning 质量策划77 R rated capacity 额定容量78 recharge 再充电79 refitting the can of cell 电芯壳口整形80 requirment 要求81 reverse 背面，反面82 rework 返工83 ringing cells into pyrocondensation films 套热缩膜84 S safety vent 安全阀85 sand aperture 砂眼86 scar 疤痕87 secondary battery 二次电池88 select appearance 选外观sharp-set 批锋89 short circuit checking 测短路90 smudginess 污物91 spot welding by laser 激光点焊92 spot welding place 点焊位置93 spraying the code 喷码94 spur 毛刺95 sticking the PVC cover boards 贴面垫96 storing 陈化97 storing with high voltage 高压储存98 T tabs deflection 极耳歪斜99 tabs excursion 极耳错位100 technics requiment 工艺要求101 U ultrasonic welding 超声波焊接102 ultrasonic welding strength 超焊强度103 unqualified products 不合格品104 W wave 波浪105 working procedure 工序（二）盖板 cover board底板solepiece钢珠steel ball压钢珠press steel ball防爆阀valve preventing explosion大电流(倍率)放电discharge in high rate current标称电压Normal voltage标称容量normal capacity放电容量discharge capacity充电上限电压limited voltage in charge放电下限电压terminating voltage in discharge恒流充电constant current charge恒压充电constant voltage charge恒流放电constant current discharge放电曲线discharge curve充电曲线charge curve放电平台discharge voltage plateau容量衰减capacity attenuation起始容量initial discharge capacity流水线pipelining传送带carrying tape焊极耳welding the current collector卷绕wind叠片layer贴胶带stick tape点焊spot welding超声焊ultrasonic welding三元素Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxide three elements materials 钴酸锂Cobalt Lithium Oxide锰酸锂Manganese Lithium Oxide石墨graphite烘箱oven真空烘箱vacuum oven搅拌机mixing device vacuum mixing device涂布机coating equipment裁纸刀paper knife ,,,,,,cutting knife分条机equipment for cutting big piece to much pieces辊压机roll press equipment电阻点焊机spot welding machine超声点焊机ultrasonic spot welding machine卷绕机winder自动叠片机auto laminating machine激光焊机laser welding machine注液机infusing machine真空注液机vacuum infusion machine预充柜pre-charge equipment化成柜formation systems分容柜grading systems测试柜testing systems内阻仪battery inner resistance tester万用表multimeter转盘式真空封口机turntable type vacuum sealing machine自动冲膜机automatic aluminum membrane shaper锂离子电池设计专业英语Capacity 容量Battery Thickness 电池厚度Battery width 电池宽度Battery length 电池高度Impedance 内阻Can thickness 壳体厚度Can wall thickness 壳体壁厚Can bottom thikness 壳体底部厚度Can lid thickness 壳体盖板厚度PP film thickness PP胶厚度Ni (AL) tab thickness Ni（Al）极耳厚度Battery width 电池宽度Can width margin 电池宽度留边Can length 壳体长度Can cross area 壳体体积Winding pin width 卷针宽度Can Side residue 壳边残余Naked battery thickness 裸漏电池厚度Naked battery width 裸漏电池宽度Naked battery length 裸漏电池高度Cathode formulation 阴极含量Cathode material specific capacity 阴极克比容量Cathode 阴极装填Cathode area density 阴极面密度Cathode bulk density 阴极体积密度Cathode weight 阴极重量Cathode thickness 阴极厚度Cathode elongation rate 延伸率Cathode actual length 阴极实际长度Cathode design length 阴极设计长度Cathode width 阴极宽度Cathode Scratched area width 阴极涂片宽度Al foil density 铝箔密度Al foil thickness 铝箔厚度Cathode weight 阴极重量Separator thickness 隔离膜厚度Separator length 隔离膜长度Separator width 隔离膜宽度Separator density 隔离膜密度Separator weight 隔离膜重量Anode formulation 阳极含量Anode material specific capacity 阳极克容量Anode loading 阳极装填量Anode area density 阳极面密度Anode bulk density 阳极体积密度Anode thickness 阳极厚度Anode length 阳极长度Anode width 阳极宽度Anode scratched area width 阳极刮粉区宽度Cu foil density 铜箔密度Cu foil thickness 铜箔厚度Anode weight 阳极重量Cathode Tab length 阴极极耳长Cathode Tab width 阴极极耳宽Cathode Tab thickness 阴极极耳厚度Anode Tab length 阳极极耳长度Anode Tab width 阳极极耳宽度Anode Tab thickness 阳极极耳厚度Adhesive tape Length 胶带长度Adhesive tape Width 胶带宽度Adhesive tape thickness 胶带厚度Assembly adhesive tape 装配胶带Bottom length 底部长度Bottom Width 底部宽度Bottom Thickness 底部厚度Top length 顶部长度Top Width 顶部宽度Top Thickness 顶部厚度Welding length 焊接长度Welding Width 焊接宽度Welding Thickness 焊接厚度Electrolyte 电解液Battery Impedance 电心内阻Battery weight 电池重量Can wall thickness 壳体壁厚Can bottom thikness 壳体底厚Can lid thickness 盖板厚度Can width margin 壳体边缘宽度Can Side residue 壳体留边Cathode formulation 阴极含量Cathode material specific capacity 阴极克容量Cathode area density 阴极面密度Cathode bulk density 阴极体积密度Cathode elongation rate 阴极延伸率Cathode scratched area width/Pin width 阴极刮粉宽Al foil density 铝箔密度Al foil thickness 铝箔厚度Separator thickness 隔离膜厚度Separator density 隔离膜密度Anode formulation 阳极含量Anode material specific capacity 阳极克容量Anode bulk density 阳极体积密度Anode Scratched area width 阳极刮粉区宽度Cu foil density 铜箔密度Cu foil thickness 铜箔厚度欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

锂电池行业翻译资料英文IntroductionThe lithium battery industry is a rapidly growing sector that plays a crucial role in various applications, including electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy storage systems. To stay updated with the latest advancements and trends in this industry, it is important to access reliable and accurate translation resources in English. This document aims to provide valuable translation materials related to the lithium battery industry. Please note that the translations provided are for reference purposes only and may require further verification.1. Lithium Battery OverviewLithium batteries are rechargeable energy storage devices that use lithium ions to facilitate the flow of charge between electrodes. They are known for their high energy density, longer cycle life, and comparatively higher voltage levels. Lithium batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices, such as smartphones and laptops, due to their lightweight and compact design.2. Lithium Battery TypesThere are several types of lithium batteries, including:2.1 Lithiumion Battery (Liion)Liion batteries are the most common type of lithium batteries used today. They are known for their high energy density, low selfdischarge rates, and long cycle life. Liion batteries are extensively employed in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and energy storage systems.2.2 Lithium Polymer Battery (LiPo)LiPo batteries are a type of lithium battery that use a solid polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte used in Liion batteries. They offer higher energydensity, improved flexibility, and enhanced safety compared to Liion batteries. LiPo batteries are commonly used in smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices.2.3 Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (LiFePO4)LiFePO4 batteries, also known as lithium iron phosphate batteries, are a type of lithium battery that utilize iron phosphate as the cathode material. They offer improved safety, longer cycle life, and better thermal stability compared to other lithium battery types. LiFePO4 batteries are often used in power tools, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems.3. Lithium Battery Manufacturing ProcessThe production of lithium batteries involves several key steps, including:3.1 Electrode PreparationDuring this process, the electrode materials, such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) for the cathode and graphite for the anode, are prepared. These materials are coated onto metal foils and then dried to form the electrode sheets.3.2 Cell AssemblyIn this step, the electrode sheets are assembled with a separator, which prevents the electrodes from coming into contact with each other. The electrodes are then rolled or stacked together and inserted into a metal or plastic casing.3.3 Electrolyte FillingThe casing is filled with a liquid electrolyte that allows the lithium ions to move between the electrodes during charging and discharging. The electrolyte is typically a mixture of lithium salts dissolved in an organic solvent.3.4 Battery SealingTo ensure the integrity and safety of the battery, the casing is sealed to prevent leakage of the electrolyte and protect the internal components from external influences. Various sealing methods, such as heat sealing or ultrasonic welding, are used for this purpose.3.5 Battery Testing and Quality ControlEvery battery undergoes stringent testing to ensure its performance and safety. This includes capacity testing, cycle life testing, and checking for any manufacturing defects. Batteries that pass these tests proceed to the next stage, while defective ones are discarded or undergo further analysis.4. Lithium Battery Safety ConsiderationsWhile lithium batteries offer numerous benefits, it is essential to consider safety precautions due to their inherent risks. Some key safety considerations include:Temperature Control: Lithium batteries should be operated within their recommended temperature ranges to prevent thermal runaway and potential hazards.Overcharge and Overdischarge Protection: Appropriate charging and discharging circuits should be implemented to prevent overcharging or discharging, which could lead to reduced battery life and safety risks.Transportation and Storage: Proper packaging, labeling, and handling procedures must be followed to ensure the safe transportation and storage of lithium batteries. Protection Circuitry: Lithium batteries often incorporate protection circuitry to monitor voltage, temperature, and prevent short circuits or other malfunctions.ConclusionThe translation materials provided in this document offer insights into the lithium battery industry. These resources can serve as valuable references for individuals seeking English translations related to various aspects of this industry, including battery types, manufacturing processes, and safety considerations. It is crucial to verify the accuracy of the translations and supplement them with updated and reliable information from reputable sources.。

锂电池的英语介绍作文Lithium battery is a kind of battery which uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The earliest lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison, who used the following reaction: Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2 this reaction is anoxidation-reduction reaction and discharge. Because the chemical characteristics of lithium metal are very active, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. Now lithium battery has become the mainstream.Lithium battery refers to a battery containing lithium (including metal lithium, lithium alloy, lithium ion and lithium polymer) in an electrochemical system. Lithium batteries can be broadly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. Lithium metal battery, the fifth generation product of rechargeable battery, was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium ion battery. Due to its own high-techrequirements, only a few companies in several countries are producing such lithium metal batteries锂电池是一类由锂金属或锂合金为正极材料、使用非水电解质溶液的电池。

锂离子电池常用专业英语（一）序号首字母英文中文1 A aging 老化2 B battery charger 充电器3 black-fleck 黑斑4 C cap 盖板5 capacity density 能量密度6 capacity grading 分容7 cathode tab welding 极耳超焊8 cell 电芯9 charge(capacity) retention 荷电（容量）保持10 checking code 检码11 concave spot 凹点12 constant current charge 恒流充电13 constant current discharge 恒流放电14 constant voltage charge 恒压充电15 corrective measures 纠正措施16 crack 裂纹17 cut-off voltage 终止电压18 cycle life 循环寿命19 D dark trace 暗痕20 degrade 降级21 dent 凹痕22 discharge depth 放电深度23 distortion 变形24 drape 打折25 E Electrical and MechanicalServices Department 机电部26 electrolyte 电解，电解液27 empaistic 压纹28 end-off voltage 放电截止电压29 environmentally friendly 对环境友好30 equipment first inspection 设备首检31 erode 腐蚀32 explosion-proof line 防爆线33 F first inspection 首检34 formation 化成35 fracture 断裂36 I inspection 检验37 insulate 绝缘38 internal resistance 内阻39 J jellyroll 卷芯40 joint 接缝，结合点42 laser reticle 激光刻线43 laser welding-flatwise weld 激光焊接-平焊laser welding-standing weld 激光焊接-立焊44 leakage 漏液45 leak-checking 测漏46 leaving out of welding 漏焊47 limited charge voltage 充电限制电压48 local action 自放电49 M margin turnly 翘边50 measuring the dimension of cells 电芯卡尺寸51 meet requirement 达到要求52 memory effects 记忆效应53 N nick 划痕54 nominal voltage 标称电压55 notice-board confirmation 看板确认56 nugget 硬块57 O obverse 正面58 open circuit voltage 开路电压59 over charge 过充60 over discharge 过放61 over the thickness 超厚62 P particle 颗粒63 PE membrane PE膜64 pit 坑点65 placing cells into the box 电芯装盒66 point inspection 点检67 preventive measures 预防措施68 pricking the tapes 扎孔69 process inspection 制程检验70 put the battery piled up 将电芯叠放在一起71 Q qualified products 合格品72 quality assurance 质量保证73 quality control 质量控制74 quality improvement 质量改进75 quality match 品质配对76 quality planning 质量策划77 R rated capacity 额定容量78 recharge 再充电79 refitting the can of cell 电芯壳口整形80 requirment 要求81 reverse 背面，反面82 rework 返工83 ringing cells into pyrocondensation films 套热缩膜85 sand aperture 砂眼86 scar 疤痕87 secondary battery 二次电池88 select appearance 选外观sharp-set 批锋89 short circuit checking 测短路90 smudginess 污物91 spot welding by laser 激光点焊92 spot welding place 点焊位置93 spraying the code 喷码94 spur 毛刺95 sticking the PVC cover boards 贴面垫96 storing 陈化97 storing with high voltage 高压储存98 T tabs deflection 极耳歪斜99 tabs excursion 极耳错位100 technics requiment 工艺要求101 U ultrasonic welding 超声波焊接102 ultrasonic welding strength 超焊强度103 unqualified products 不合格品104 W wave 波浪105 working procedure 工序（二）盖板cover board底板solepiece钢珠steel ball压钢珠press steel ball防爆阀valve preventing explosion大电流(倍率)放电discharge in high rate current标称电压Normal voltage标称容量normal capacity放电容量discharge capacity充电上限电压limited voltage in charge放电下限电压terminating voltage in discharge恒流充电constant current charge恒压充电constant voltage charge恒流放电constant current discharge放电曲线discharge curve充电曲线charge curve放电平台discharge voltage plateau容量衰减capacity attenuation起始容量initial discharge capacity流水线pipelining传送带carrying tape焊极耳welding the current collector卷绕wind叠片layer贴胶带stick tape点焊spot welding超声焊ultrasonic welding三元素Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxide three elements materials 钴酸锂Cobalt Lithium Oxide锰酸锂Manganese Lithium Oxide石墨graphite烘箱oven真空烘箱vacuum oven搅拌机mixing device vacuum mixing device涂布机coating equipment裁纸刀paper knife ,,,,,,cutting knife分条机equipment for cutting big piece to much pieces辊压机roll press equipment电阻点焊机spot welding machine超声点焊机ultrasonic spot welding machine卷绕机winder自动叠片机auto laminating machine激光焊机laser welding machine注液机infusing machine真空注液机vacuum infusion machine预充柜pre-charge equipment化成柜formation systems分容柜grading systems测试柜testing systems内阻仪battery inner resistance tester万用表multimeter转盘式真空封口机turntable type vacuum sealing machine自动冲膜机automatic aluminum membrane shaper锂离子电池设计专业英语Capacity 容量Battery Thickness 电池厚度Battery width 电池宽度Battery length 电池高度Impedance 内阻Can thickness 壳体厚度Can wall thickness 壳体壁厚Can bottom thikness 壳体底部厚度Can lid thickness 壳体盖板厚度PP film thickness PP胶厚度Ni (AL) tab thickness Ni（Al）极耳厚度Battery width 电池宽度Can width margin 电池宽度留边Can length 壳体长度Can cross area 壳体体积Winding pin width 卷针宽度Can Side residue 壳边残余Naked battery thickness 裸漏电池厚度Naked battery width 裸漏电池宽度Naked battery length 裸漏电池高度Cathode formulation 阴极含量Cathode material specific capacity 阴极克比容量Cathode 阴极装填Cathode area density 阴极面密度Cathode bulk density 阴极体积密度Cathode weight 阴极重量Cathode thickness 阴极厚度Cathode elongation rate 延伸率Cathode actual length 阴极实际长度Cathode design length 阴极设计长度Cathode width 阴极宽度Cathode Scratched area width 阴极涂片宽度Al foil density 铝箔密度Al foil thickness 铝箔厚度Cathode weight 阴极重量Separator thickness 隔离膜厚度Separator length 隔离膜长度Separator width 隔离膜宽度Separator density 隔离膜密度Separator weight 隔离膜重量Anode formulation 阳极含量Anode material specific capacity 阳极克容量Anode loading 阳极装填量Anode area density 阳极面密度Anode bulk density 阳极体积密度Anode thickness 阳极厚度Anode length 阳极长度Anode width 阳极宽度Anode scratched area width 阳极刮粉区宽度Cu foil density 铜箔密度Cu foil thickness 铜箔厚度Anode weight 阳极重量Cathode Tab length 阴极极耳长Cathode Tab width 阴极极耳宽Cathode Tab thickness 阴极极耳厚度Anode Tab length 阳极极耳长度Anode Tab width 阳极极耳宽度Anode Tab thickness 阳极极耳厚度Adhesive tape Length 胶带长度Adhesive tape Width 胶带宽度Adhesive tape thickness 胶带厚度Assembly adhesive tape 装配胶带Bottom length 底部长度Bottom Width 底部宽度Bottom Thickness 底部厚度Top length 顶部长度Top Width 顶部宽度Top Thickness 顶部厚度Welding length 焊接长度Welding Width 焊接宽度Welding Thickness 焊接厚度Electrolyte 电解液Battery Impedance 电心内阻Battery weight 电池重量Can wall thickness 壳体壁厚Can bottom thikness 壳体底厚Can lid thickness 盖板厚度Can width margin 壳体边缘宽度Can Side residue 壳体留边Cathode formulation 阴极含量Cathode material specific capacity 阴极克容量Cathode area density 阴极面密度Cathode bulk density 阴极体积密度Cathode elongation rate 阴极延伸率Cathode scratched area width/Pin width 阴极刮粉宽Al foil density 铝箔密度Al foil thickness 铝箔厚度Separator thickness 隔离膜厚度Separator density 隔离膜密度Anode formulation 阳极含量Anode material specific capacity 阳极克容量Anode bulk density 阳极体积密度Anode Scratched area width 阳极刮粉区宽度Cu foil density 铜箔密度Cu foil thickness 铜箔厚度。

锂电池专业术语英文Lithium Battery Terminology.Anode: The negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery, usually made of graphite.Cathode: The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery, usually made of a lithium metal oxide.Cell: A single electrochemical unit, consisting of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte.Charge: The process of transferring electrons from the cathode to the anode.Discharge: The process of transferring electrons from the anode to the cathode.Electrolyte: A substance that conducts electricity between the anode and cathode.Intercalation: The process of lithium ions moving into and out of the electrodes.Lithium-ion battery: A type of rechargeable battery that uses lithium ions as the charge carriers.Separator: A thin, porous material that keeps the anode and cathode apart.State of charge (SOC): The amount of charge stored in the battery.State of health (SOH): A measure of the battery's overall condition.Specific energy: The amount of energy stored in the battery per unit mass.Specific power: The amount of power the battery can deliver per unit mass.Voltage: The difference in electrical potential between the anode and cathode.中文回答：负极: 锂离子电池的负极，通常由石墨制成。

锂离子电池英文资料锂离子电池技术英文词句2.3 assembly line process(5/15)流水线工艺film loading-vacuum on-film folding-sliding jig backward-top cutting-sliding jig forward-vacuum off-film unloading放上包装膜—抽真空—包装膜折叠-分切夹心的后端-剪掉顶部-分切夹心的前段-释放真空-拿下包装膜station 岗位two station 两个岗位folding 折叠guide type 指导方式top cutting 顶部剪切knife 刀片2.3 assembly line process(6/15)流水线工艺j/r loading-vacuum on-j/r jig backward-bottom former up-upper former down-放极组-抽真空-极组夹具放在后端-模板末端在上面-顶端在下面- heating forming-former up,down-j/r jig forward-vacuum off-j/r unloading加热模板-模板上下翻转-极组夹具朝前-释放真空-取下极组station two station岗位两个岗位heating forming pressing time,preset timer加热模板施压时间施压次数temperature thermocouple温度热电耦time:mmin,2~max.3sec时间：press force :40~50kg压力temperature:150℃温度2.3 assembly line process(7/15)流水线工艺film loading-fim clamp-sliding jig backward-edge pushing-tab clamp-tab unclamp-放上包装膜-包装夹具-分切极组末端-整边-放极耳夹具-卸下极耳夹具sliding jig forward-cell unloading分切极耳前端station two stationheat sealing top热封sealing thickness control(micrometer)热封厚度控制（毫米）sealing control pressing time,preset timer热封控制施压时间施压次数precision regulator精度校准temperature, thermocouple温度热电耦time :min.2~max.3sec时间press force:250kg压力temperature:180~250℃温度2.3 assembly line process(9/15)流水线工艺cell loading-vacuum on-sliding jig backward-side cutting-feeding-tab cutting-放上电芯-抽真空-滑动夹心后端-裁边-流入下工序-剪极耳sliding jig forward-cacuum off-cell unloaing滑动夹心前端-释放真空-取下电芯station two stationside cutting knifeside cutting force 100kgtab cutting knifetab cutting force 100kg2.3 assembly line process(10/15)流水线工艺cell loading-sliding jig backward-vacuum pad down-open-needle down-e/l filling(e/l-needle up-needle up-vacuum pad up-sliding jig forward-cell unloadingstation two statione/l supply 3kuter sub-tank on equipmentmetering pump hi -bar pump,hbd-2bc-17accuracy; under 3.0;±0.1gocer 3.0; ±3.5g2.3 assembly line process(11/15)流水线工艺cell loading-sliding jig backward-jig backward-jig up-vacuum(vacuum chamber)-放上电芯-滑动夹心后端-夹心向后-再向上-抽真空-sealing block forward-sealing热封前端- 密封--sealing block backward-jig down-silding jig forward-cell loading-formation热封后端- 夹心翻转向下-滑动夹心前端-取下电芯-成型station two stationvacuum source 740mmhg max.vacuum pumpsealing control pressing time preset tiomerpressing force, precision regulatortemperature, thermocouple热电偶time:min.3~max4secpress force:250kgtemperatrure:180~250℃2.3 assembly line process(12/15)流水线工艺cell loading-conveyor drive-numbering-numbering-head down-vacuum on-放上电芯- 启动传送带- 编号码-编号码-电芯朝下-抽真空head up-head forwward-head down-vacuum purge-head up-cell unloading电芯朝上- 电芯朝前- 电芯朝下-真空净化- 电芯朝上-取下电芯speed controller motor 25Wnumbering ink jet printercell unloading magacine2.3 assembly line process(13/15)流水线工艺piercing-cell loading-sliding jig backward-jig up-vacuum&degassing-穿透？？- 放电芯-滑动夹心后端-夹心向上- 抽真空&脱气sealing block forward-sealing-sealing block backward-jig down-sliding jig forward-cell loading热封前端- 热封–热封后端-滑动夹心前端–取电芯station two stationpiercing ∮6holevacuum source 750mmhg max.vacuum pumpsealing comtrol pressing time ,preset timerpressing force,preision regulator调整压力temperature,thermocouple(温度热电偶)time: min.3~max.4sec时间press force:250kg(压力)temperature:180~250℃(温度)2.3 assembly line process(14/15)流水线工艺cell loading-vacuum on-sliding jig backward-cutter down-cutting-cutter up-放电芯-抽真空-滑动夹心后端-切割刀具向下-切割-切割刀具向上sliding jig forward-vacuum off-cell loading滑动夹心前端- 释放真空-取下电芯电池封口--cutting(切断) knife(刀)2.3 assembly line process(15/15)流水线工艺cell loading-ist folding-2nd folding-heat pressing-3nd folding-4th folding(sicing)放电芯- 第一次折叠-第二次折叠-热压-第三次折叠-第四次折叠cell unloading取下电芯manual-loading-2st foliding-heat pressing-3nd folding-4th folding手工–放上- 第二次折叠- 热压- 第三次折叠- 第四次折叠cell transfer linear transferfolding actuator pneumatic actuatorheat pressing pressing time,preset timerpressing forceprecision regulatortemperature, thermocoupletime:min.2~max.3 secpress force:40kgtemperatrure:80~100℃2.3 assembly line process(1/6)流水线工艺jelly roll supply-jelly roll loading-cell alignment-tab straightening-提供极组-放上极组-电芯排列好-将极耳伸直sealant sealing(sealant film supply)-sealant sealing(sealant film supply)-final sealing- 密封胶密封（密封膜供给）-密封胶密封（密封膜供给）-最终的密封sealant film check-tab forming-jelly roll unloading(ng unloading)检验密封膜-极耳成型-取下极组2.3 assembly line process(2/6)流水线工艺al-foil supply-pre heating(contact)-pouch forming---pouch punch out-—供应箔（铝塑膜）-预热（连接）-成型成袋状- 袋状膜冲压打孔pouch loading(pouch pin hole check)-pouch loading-ist folding-lst folding-2nd folding- 放上袋状膜（检验针孔）-放上袋状膜- 第一次折叠-第二次折叠top cutting(ng unloading)-jelly roll insertion(jelly roll alignment-jelly roll loading)—剪掉顶部—插入极组（调整极组-放上极组）3nd folding-pre heat sealing-package unloading第三次折叠-预热密封—取下包好的电芯2.3 assembly line process(3/6)流水线工艺cell loading-lst top sealing--2nd top sealing-top cooling-side sealing-side cooling-放上电芯-第一次顶部密封-第二次顶部密封-顶部冷却—封边—两边冷却side cutting-short check-cell unloading-ng unloading裁边- 测短路—取下电芯—ng是什么啊package loading-pre weighing-package opening-e/l filling(e/l dispensing e/l supply tank) 放上包装好的电芯—预称重—打开电芯--- 注液（分配电解液电解液供给罐）--lst vacuum-2nd vacuum --lst sealing-2nd sealing-plst-weighing-package unloading-第一次抽真空---第二次真空---第一次密封---第二次密封------称重---取下电芯package loading-package aging--formation 放上电芯---电芯老化-----化成cell loader-cell-loading-piercing-vacuum&degassing heat sealing-2nd sealing-装电芯设备-电芯-装上电芯—穿透（？？）-抽真空& 脱气热封—第二次密封side trimming-cell unloading修边--- 取下电芯cell loading-lst folding-2nd folding-3rd folding-4th folding-5th folding(sizing)-放电芯---第一次折叠---第二次折叠---第三次折叠---第四次折叠---第五次折叠（量尺寸）5th folding(sizing)-tab cutting-height&vision check-final weighging-final weighting- 第五次折叠（量尺寸）---剪极耳---检验高度&视觉---最后称重ng rejection-cell unloading-cell unloading-cell palleticing挑选，排除---取下电芯--- （用托盘）搬运电芯1.1 assembly line specification –products流水线特殊产品can type(壳体类型) aluminum can(A3003) 铝壳（材质A3003）conventional prismatic type ,not oval type 传统的方型，不是椭圆型model of cell电池型号basic design model:xx-yy—zz基本设计型号：XX-YY-ZZ range 范围w:30~34mm t:4.0 ~10mm h:40~67mm宽：厚：高：cathode tab正极耳AL,t0.08~0.12mm,w3/4mm铝带，厚度0.08~0.12mm宽度3/4mm welding to top cap with ultrasonic welder 用超声波焊接机超焊在极片头部anode tab负极耳ni,t0.08~0.12mm,w3/4mm镍带，厚度0.08~0.12mm宽度3/4mm welding to top cap with resistance spot welder用阻抗点焊机焊在极片头部can seam welding壳盖的缝隙焊接side welding侧面焊接top insulator 顶部绝缘片injection molded注液模具bottom tape wrapping底部贴胶纸pp-tape,same as j/r wrapping tape, roll,w:28~32mmt:0.05~0.10mm o.d:200mm core id:3inchesfor xx30zz width 28mm,for xx34zz width 32mmfill port welding 补焊砂眼AL Ball (Al050,∮1.37±0.03mm),laser seam welding 激光焊接e/l filling accuracy 精确注液量under 3.0g; ±0.1gover 3.0g ±3.5g r/l filling volume:1~7g 注液量范围1~7gmodel change exchange tool,jig, carrier&tray搬运工具，夹具，搬运盒&托盘option:only carrier&tray (others:sutomatically adiusted其它：适当调整)tray托盘jr极组(256pcs),can壳(300pcs),cap盖帽(100pcs),(rivet) all trays are prepared user1.2 assembly line specification –equipment流水线特殊设备line tact time 流水线标准工时 2.0(30ppm)Drive mechanism 发动装置cam,ac servo drive&air actuatorelectrical power 电源286kva,3p-380v±10%,50hz±1hzpneumatic source 气源13300l/min,0.6mpa (include welding jig cooling包括焊接模具冷却)nitrogen gas 氮气285 l/min, 0.6mpa(for laser welding shield gas激光焊接防护气)laser cooling water激光焊冷却水320 l/min,below25℃fume collector 烟、气收集罐400cfm,explosion-proof type for al-fume,outdoor typefume suction main piping 抽气主管道系统 4 inchexhaust piping排气管道系统5inchdry air piping干燥气管道系统5inchdry chamber(total) 干燥室20.78m3total weight总重量14.8ton(approx大概),(not include laser welder不包括激光焊接机)floor load 场地负荷1500kg/m2dry room height干燥室高度2500mm(min)can seam welding壳盖的缝隙焊接side welding侧面焊接,welding speed 焊接速率10~15mm/sec.(approx) cartesian robot stageelectrolyte filling process注电解液工序40station-80 jig index unit,vacuum真空&pressurize加压elctrolyte filling range注液范围depend on internal dead space of cell design根据电池设计内部的绝对空间hbd-2bc series of hibar pum, japan hibarleak check 测漏differential pressure check system,100pa max.不同压力测试系统，最大为100pa accuracy:+/-0.5%精确度need test actual work 需要通过实际操作测量2.1 assembly parts name&compositionball-top cap assembly盖板流水线(t/c)--top insulator顶部绝缘片(t/l)-cathode正极耳(al-tab铝带)-anode负极耳(ni-tab镍带)- bottom tape底部胶纸(b/t)-jelly roll极芯(j/r)-aluminum can铝壳2.2 assembly process basic specification装配过程概述3.1 prismatic lib assembly processbottom tape底部胶纸-jelly roll insertion极芯入壳-top insulator顶部绝缘片-tab forming极耳修整-top-cap welding顶部极耳焊接-top cap folding极耳折叠-top cap setting卡极耳-seam welding焊缝焊接-leak check测漏-electrolyte filling注液- ball insertion压钢珠-fill port welding补焊砂眼（）3.2 assembly line process(1/8)can supply供应壳non dust paper tray无尘的纸盘can tray size装壳的盘子尺寸270*212*22/32htray capacity盘子容量423048-450can/tray343450-496can/tray(suppiled by user)stack volume堆叠范围48/50h:8tray65/67h:6traycan supply供应壳体-can loading放上壳体-can check检验壳体-jelly roll loading放上极芯(ng reject-bottomtape check检验底部胶纸-bottom tape wrapping贴底部胶纸-jelly roll supply供应极芯-from winder从卷绕机)-jelly roll centering 极芯放在正中央-jelly roll insertion插入极芯-insertion height check检验极芯入壳高度-ng rejectj/r supply 极芯供应tray from winder来自卷绕机的盘子j/r tray size放极芯盘子的尺寸540*540*50hj/r capacity 容纳极芯的数量48/50h:40*8=320/tray65/67h:40*6=240/tray supplied by userstack volume堆叠范围8 traytray handling盘子搬运using manual cart用手推车bottom tape底部胶纸pp tape,rollcore size标准尺寸 3 inch paper coreb/t color 底部胶纸颜色blue or green兰色或绿色b/t check 检验底部胶纸color sensor颜色传感器3.2 assembly line process(2/8)tab straightening拉直极耳—tab position check检查极耳位置—top insulator insertion插入绝缘片(t/I escapement镊子？？—top insulator supply供应绝缘片)—T/I presence check检查绝缘片—tab forming极耳修整—j/r final insertion极芯入壳—t/c welding 盖板焊接(ni tab镍带)—(t/c direction check检查盖板方向—top cap supply盖板供应)—al tab welding铝带超焊—cap/tab welding check检验焊接是否牢固—tab folding极耳折叠—t/csetting&check固定、检验盖板—ng rejecttop cap supply盖板供应tray from cap ass’y m/ccap tray size 装盖板盘子的尺寸340*240*18hcap capacity能装盖板的数量18*6=108 cap/traystack volume 堆叠范围24 tray(2592 cap)j/r final insertion极芯入壳include j/r insertion height check 包括检验极芯入壳高度ni-tab welding焊接镍带resistance spot welding,2points阻抗点焊机，2点include welding current monitor包括焊接电流监控器al-tab welding铝带超焊ultrasonic welding超声波焊接40khx/800w/branson brandtop insulator顶部绝缘片pull check拉力测试cap height check盖板高度检验t/c setting check 检验盖板牢固性setting height check检验固定的高度3.2 assembly line process(3/8)height check#1高度检验1#—pre spot welding预点焊—height check#2高度检验2#—ng reject排除不合格品？？—seam welding#1焊缝焊接1#—seam welding#2焊缝焊接2#—seam welding#3焊缝焊接3#—seam welding#4焊缝焊接4# (jig cooling模具冷却)—short check 测短路—ng reject排除不合格品pre spot welding预点焊laser spot welder激光点焊机,3-points 50w/2-fiber,1system(supplied by user)height check#1 高度检验1# check the top cap setting height 检查盖板固定的高度height check#2 高度检验2# check the top cap welded height 检查盖板焊接高度seam welding缝隙焊接laser welder激光焊接机,10~15mm/sec,700w/2-fiber,4systemsrequire speed down for 34xxyy 对于34xxyy需减速models (prevent against overheat预防过热)supplied by user jig cooling 模具冷却vortex tube,using compressed air热交换管道，采用压缩气体air pressure 0.65mpa (minimum)气压shield gas supply保护气供应nitrogen gas,0.65mpa18/min氮气with digital flow meter数显流动仪表fume collector烟气收集罐400 cfm,1.5kw,amanl/japanexplosion proof,outdoor type户外气体排放装置short check测短路lcr meter3.2 assembly line process(4/8)vacuum out释放真空—equilibrium平衡状态—leak detection 测漏—vent排除气体—ng reject排除不合格品leak check procedure 测漏程序atmosphere气体—vacuum抽真空—equilibrium平衡状态—detection测漏—leaked cell漏气电芯—normal cell 正常电芯leak check测漏differential pressure,100pa max.. 不同压力测试系统，最大为100pavacuum out-100kpa max.释放真空leak detection time 8.0sec.max.测漏时间using master cell采用好的电芯accuracy:+-0.5%精确度cell handling搬运电芯8 cells,simultaneously check 8只电芯，同时检查3.2 assembly line process(5/8)pre weighing预称重—cell loading放上电芯—e/l dispensing 电解液分配—vacuum/vent抽真空/排气—vacuum 抽真空—pressurize加压—vent排气—cell unloading取下电芯—post weighting快速称重—ng rejectelectrolyte supply供应电解液drum桶,200 literusing nitrogen gas使用氮气, 0.02~0.04mpasub-tank in equipment装置内的储槽,3 litermetering pump 抽吸仪表hibar pump,japan hibarhbd-2bc series*2vacuum抽真空-700mmhg,(max.-740mmhg)suction capacity抽吸泵容量310/min.r5c 0040e*02,busch/germany德国？？Pressurize加压nitrogen gas氮气,0.15~0.2mpaWeighing称重load-cell,6digits,nmb/japan日本Display显示;000.00gnozzle cleaning 清洗喷嘴nitrogen gas blow out用氮气吹,0.15~0.2mpafor blow out the remained e/l 把剩余的电解液吹出来process time 工序工时128sec (max)filling accuracy 注液精确度under 3.0g;±0.1g 小于3.0g，±0.1g over 3.0g; ±3.5% 大于3.0g; ±3.5%3.2 assembly line process(8/8),al ball typecleaning paper supply供应纸巾-cap face cleaning清洁盖帽表面-cleaning paper supply供应纸巾-cap face wet cleaning盖帽表面除湿-solvent dispenser溶剂给料器-fill port cleaning清洁注液孔-cleaning paper supply供应纸巾-ball insertion钢珠插入-ball supply钢珠供应-ball press压钢珠-ball height check检验压钢珠的高度--ball seam welding钢珠缝隙焊接-welding check焊接检验-uv glue dispensing UV胶水给料-ng reject-uv curing紫外光固化-cell unloading取下电芯cleaning paper清洁纸巾non-dust paper,roll,width 14mm无尘纸巾，卷，14mm宽3 inch paper coreballsupply钢珠供应bowl feeder钢珠进料器requies testing by the actual sample目前测试样版ball press force压力35~40kgfseam welding定位焊接方法laser seam welder,6.5mm/sec激光焊接工作350w/-fiber,1 system焊接系统(supplied by user)适当调整6.1 model change time 型号变化时间manual conversion type 46-30-48 vs 46-30-xx:6 hours approx.(only different'heieght)xx-xx-xx vs yy-yy-yy:3days6.2 delivery交货manual conversion type 7months to shipping,after l/c open6.3 customer scope 客户范围primary main power wiring to control panel of the each equipment,with main power panel.主要的电源线控制每一个设备的主电路板Primary main pneumatic piping to beside the each equipment, with main air-filter unit.主要的气管道系统装在每个设备的旁边，主要的气体过滤器Primary main nitrogen gas piping to beside the each equipment, with main gas -line filter unit.主要的氮气管道系统装在每个设备的旁边，主要的气体过滤器/All duct piping for suction &exhaust from equipment's inlet/outlet to main duct.所以用于从设备上的进口/出口抽气或排气的输送管道Installation &piping/wiring/wiring for fume collector(outdoor type)给烟气收集器（户外类型）安装管道系统/配线系统Inlet/drain water piping of the washing machine,with waterstrainer.清洗设备的进水/排水管道，水过滤器Laser welding system &laser welder welder import/export fee激光焊接系统&激光输入/输出Cooling water piping for each laser system,below 25℃.(it requires a water filter (strainer)用于激光系统的冷却水，25℃以下（需要一个水过滤器）Cooler or chiller for laser cooling water.激光冷却水的冷却器Dry pneumatic piping for laser shutter operation to each laser system.用于每一个激光系统的激光开关操作的干燥气管道Installation&wiring/cabling for laser fiber and laser control cable.给激光光纤和激光控制电缆安装配线/电缆Installation &wiring/cabling for laser control pendant.给激光控制的悬吊物安装配线/电缆6.4 laser system location outdoor of the dry room. It requires air-conditioning or sufficient ventilation.激光系统位于干燥间的外面。

CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS1.1 COMPONENTS OF CELLS AND BATTERIESA battery is a device that converts the chemical energy contained in its active materials directly into electric energy by means of an electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. In the case of a rechargeable system, the battery is recharged by a reversal of the process. This type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons from one material to another through an electric circuit. In a nonelectrochemical redox reaction, such as rusting or burning, the transfer of electrons occurs directly and only heat is involved. As the battery electro-chemically converts chemical energy into electric energy, it is not subject, as are combustion or heat engines, to the limitations of the Carnot cycle dictated by the second law of thermodynamics. Batteries, therefore, are capable of having higher energy conversion efficiencies.While the term ‘‘battery’’ is often used, the basic electrochemical unit being referred to is the ‘‘cell.’’ A battery consists of one or more of these cells, connected in series or parallel, or both, depending on the desired output voltage and capacity.*The cell consists of three major components:1. The anode or negative electrode—the reducing or fuel electrode—which gives up electrons to the external circuit and is oxidized during the electrochemical reaction.2. The cathode or positive electrode—the oxidizing electrode—which accepts electrons from the external circuit and is reduced during the electrochemical reaction.*Cell vs. Battery: A cell is the basic electrochemical unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy. The cell consists of an assembly of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals. A battery consists of one or more electrochemical cells, electrically connected in an appropriate series/parallel arrangement to provide the required operating voltage and current levels, including, if any, monitors, controls and other ancillary components (e.g. fuses, diodes), case, terminals and markings. (Although much less popular, in some publications, the term ‘‘battery’’ is considered to contain two or more cells.)Popular usage considers the ‘‘battery’’ and not the ‘‘cell’’ to be the product that is sold or provided to the ‘‘user.’’ In this 3rd Edition, the term ‘‘cell’’ will be used when describing the cell component of the battery and its chemistry. The term ‘‘battery’’ will be used when presenting performance characteristics, etc. of the product. Most often, the electrical data is presented on the basis of a single-cell battery. The performance of a multicell battery will usually be different than the performance of the individual cells or a single-cell battery.3. The electrolyte—the ionic conductor—which provides the medium for transfer of charge, as ions, inside the cell between the anode and cathode. The electrolyte is typically a liquid, such as water or other solvents, with dissolved salts, acids, or alkalis to impart ionic conductivity. Some batteries use solid electrolytes, which are ionic conductors at the operating temperature of the cell.The most advantageous combinations of anode and cathode materials are those that will be lightest and give a high cell voltage and capacity (see Sec. 1.4). Such combinations may not always be practical, however, due to reactivity with other cell components, polarization, difficulty in han dling, high cost, and other deficiencies.In a practical system, the anode is selected with the following properties in mind: effi-ciency as a reducing agent, high coulombic output (Ah/g), good conductivity, stability, ease of fabrication, and low cost. Hydrogen is attractive as an anode material, but obviously, must be contained by some means, which effectively reduces its electrochemical equivalence. Practically, metals are mainly used as the anode material. Zinc has been a predominant anode because it has these favorable properties. Lithium, the lightest metal, with a high value of electrochemical equivalence, has become a very attractive anode as suitable and compatible electrolytes and cell designs have been developed to control its activity.The cathod e must be an efficient oxidizing agent, be stable when in contact with the electrolyte, and have a useful working voltage. Oxygen can be used directly from ambient air being drawn into the cell, as in the zinc/air battery. However, most of the common cathode materials are metallic oxides. Other cathode materials, such as the halogens and the oxyhalides, sulfur and its oxides, are used for special battery systems.The electrolyte must have good ionic conductivity but not be electronically conductive, as this would cause internal short-circuiting. Other important characteristics are nonreactivity withthe electrode materials, little change in properties with change in temperature, safety in handling, and low cost. Most electrolytes are aqueous solutions, but there are important exceptions as, for example, in thermal and lithium anode batteries, where molten salt and other nonaqueous electrolytes are used to avoid the reaction of the anode with the electrolyte.Physically the anode and cathode electrodes are electronically isolated in the cell to prevent internal short-circuiting, but are surrounded by the electrolyte. In practical cell de-signs a separator material is used to separate the anode and cathode electrodes mechanically. The separator, however, is permeable to the electrolyte in order to maintain the desired ionic conductivity. In some cases the electrolyte is immobilized for a nonspill design. Electrically conducting grid structures or materials may also be added to the electrodes to reduce internal resistance.The cell itself can be built in many shapes and configurations—cylindrical, button, flat, and prismatic—and the cell components are designed to accommodate the particular cell shape. The cells are sealed in a variety of ways to prevent leakage and dry-out. Some cells are provided with venting devices or other means to allow accumulated gases to escape. Suitable cases or containers, means for terminal connection and labeling are added to com-plete the fabrication of the cell and battery.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF CELLS AND BATTERIESElectrochemical cells and batteries are identified as primary (nonrechargeable) or secondary (rechargeable), depending on their capability of being electrically recharged. Within this classification, other classifications are used to identify particular structures or designs. The classification used in th is handbook for the different types of electrochemical cells and bat-teries is described in this section.1.2.1 Primary Cells or BatteriesThese batteries are not capable of being easily or effectively recharged electrically and, hence, are discharged once and discarded. Many primary cells in which the electrolyte is contained by an absorbent or separator material (there is no free or liquid electrolyte) are termed ‘‘dry cells.’’The primary battery is a convenient, usually inexpensive, lightweight source of packaged power for portable electronic and electric devices, lighting, photographic equipment, toys, memory backup, and a host of other applications, giving freedom from utility power. The general advantages of primary batteries are good shelf life, high energy density at low to moderate discharge rates, little, if any, maintenance, and ease of use. Although large high-capacity primary batteries are used in military applications, signaling, standby power, and so on, the vast majority of primary batteri es are the familiar single cell cylindrical and flat button batteries or multicell batteries using these component cells.1.2.2 Secondary or Rechargeable Cells or BatteriesThese batteries can be recharged electrically, after discharge, to their original condition by passing current through them in the opposite direction to that of the discharge current. They are storage devices for electric energy and are known also as ‘‘storage batteries’’ or ‘‘accu-mulators.’’ The applications of secondary batteries fall into two main categories:1.Those applications in which the secondary battery is used as an energy-storage device, generally being electrically connected to and charged by a prime energy source and delivering its energy to the load on demand. Examples are automotive and aircraft sys-tems, emergency no-fail and standby (UPS) power sources, hybrid electric vehicles and stationary energy storage (SES) systems for electric utility load leveling.2.Those applications in which the secondary battery is used or discharged essentially as a primary battery, but recharged after use rather than being discarded. Secondary batteries are used in this manner as, for example, in portable consumer electronics, power tools, electric vehicles, etc., for cost savings (as they can be recharged rather than replaced), and in applications requiring power drains beyond the capability of primary batteries.Secondary batteries are characterized (in addition to their ability to be recharged) by high power density, high discharge rate, flat discharge curves, and good low-temperature perform-ance. Their energy densities are generally lower than those of primary batteries. Their charge retentionalso is poorer than that of most primary batteries, although the capacity of the secondary battery that is lost on standing can be restored by recharging.Some batteries, known as ‘‘mechanically rechargeable types,’’ are ‘‘recharged’’ by replacement of the discharged or depleted electrode, usually the metal anode, with a fresh one. Some of the metal/air batteries (Chap. 38) are representative of this type of battery.1.2.3 Reserve BatteriesIn these primary types, a key component is separated from the rest of the battery prior to activation. In this condition, chemical deterioration or self-discharge is essentially eliminated, and the battery is capable of long-term storage. Usually the electrolyte is the component that is isolated. In other systems, such as the thermal battery, the battery is inactive until it is heated, melting a solid electrolyte, which then becomes conductive.The reserve battery design is used to meet extremely long or environmentally severe storage requirements that cannot be met with an ‘‘active’’ battery designed for the same performance characteristics. These batteries are used, for example, to deliver high power for relatively short periods of time, in missiles, torpedoes, and other weapon systems.1.2.4 Fuel CellsFuel cells, like batteries, are electrochemical galvanic cells that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy and are not subject to the Carnot cycle limitations of heat engines. Fuel cells are similar to batteries except that the active materials are not an integral part of the device (as in a battery), but are fed into the fuel cell from an external source when power is desired. The fuel cell differs from a battery in that it has the capability of producing electrical energy as long as the active materials are fed to the electrodes (assuming the electrodes do not fail). The battery will cease to produce electrical energy when the limiting reactant stored within the battery is consumed.The electrode materials of the fuel cell are inert in that they are not consumed during the cell reaction, but have catalytic properties which enhance the electroreduction or electrooxidation of the reactants (the active materials).The anode active materials used in fuel cells are generally gaseous or liquid (compared with the metal anodes generally used in most batteries) and are fed into the anode side of the fuel cell. As these materials are more like the conventional fuels used in heat engines, the term ‘‘fuel cell’’ has become popular to describe these devices. Oxygen or air is the predominant oxidant and is fed into the cathode side of the fuel cell.Fuel cells have been of interest for over 150 years as a potentially more efficient and less polluting means for converting hydrogen and carbonaceous or fossil fuels to electricity com-pared to conventional engines. A well known application of the fuel cell has been the use of the hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell, using cryogenic fuels, in space vehicles for over 40 years. Use of the fuel cell in terrestrial applications has been developing slowly, but recent advances has revitalized interest in air-breathing systems for a variety of applications, including utility power, load leveling, dispersed or on-site electric generators and electric vehicles.Fuel cell technology can be class ified into two categories:1.Direct systems where fuels, such as hydrogen, methanol and hydrazine, can react directly in the fuel cell2.Indirect systems in which the fuel, such as natural gas or other fossil fuel, is first converted by reforming to a hydrogen-rich gas which is then fed into the fuel cellFuel cell systems can take a number of configurations depending on the combinations of fuel and oxidant, the type of electrolyte, the temperature of operation, and the application, etc.More recently, fuel cell technology has moved towards portable applications, historically the domain of batteries, with power levels from less than 1 to about 100 watts, blurring the distinction between batteries and fuel cells. Metal/air batteries (see Chap. 38), particularly those in which the metal is periodically replaced, can be considered a ‘‘fuel cell’’ with the metal being the fuel. Similarly, small fuel cells, now under development, which are ‘‘refueled’’ by replacing an ampule of fuel can be considered a ‘‘battery.’’Fuel cells were not included in the 2nd Edition of this Handbook as the technical scope and applications at that time differed from that of the battery. Now that small to medium size fuel cells may become competitive with batteries for portable electronic and other applications, theseportable devices are covered in Chap. 42. Information on the larger fuel cells for electric vehicles, utility power, etc can be obtained from the references listed in Appendix F ‘‘Bibliography.’’。

Alkaline batteries ：碱性电池Capacitor batteries ：电容电池Carbon zinc batteries ：碳锌电池Lead acid batteries ：铅酸电池Lead calcium batteries ：铅钙电池Lithium batteries ：锂电池Lithium ion batteries ：锂离子电池Lithium polymer batteries ：锂聚合物电池Nickel cadmium batteries ：镍镉电池Nickel iron batteries ：镍铁电池Nickel metal hydride batteries：金属氧化物镍氢电池/ 镍氢电池Nickel zinc batteries ：镍锌电池Primary batteries ：原电池Rechargeable batteries ：充电电池Sealed lead acid batteries ：密封铅酸电池Silver cadmium batteries ：银钙电池Silver oxide batteries ：银氧化物电池Silver zinc batteries ：银锌电池Zinc chloride batteries ：银氯化物电池Zinc air batteries ：锌空电池Environmental Protection batteries: 环保电池Lithium batteries ：锂电池Lithium ion batteries ：锂离子电池Lithium polymer batteries ：锂聚合物电池铅酸蓄电池 Lead-acid battery起动铅酸电池 Lead-acid starter batteries摩托车用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for motorcycles内燃机车用铅酸电池 Lead-acid batteries for disel locomotive电动道路车辆用铅酸电池Lead-acid batteries for electric road vehicles 小型阀控密封式铅酸电池small-sized valve-regulated lead-acid batteries 航空用铅酸电池 Aircraft lead-acid batteries固定型阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池Lead-acid batteries for stationary valve- regulated 铅酸电池用极板plate for lead-acid battery铅锭 lead ingots牵引用铅酸电池Lead-acid traction batteies电解液激活蓄电池electrolyte activated batteryvent valve排气阀filling device for pleral cells电池组填充装置negative electrode负电极negative plate负极板addition reagent for negative plate负极板添加剂indicator指示器top cover上盖vent plug液孔塞expanded grid扩展式板栅specific gravity indicator比重指示器electrolyte level control pipe电解液液面控制管electrolyte level indicator电解液液面指示器electrolyte level sensor电解液液面传感器hard rubber container硬橡胶槽envelope separator包状隔板woven cloth tube纺布管spongy lead海绵状铅partition隔壁over the partition type 越过隔壁型through the partition type 贯通隔壁贯通型separator 隔板(1)battery rack(2)battery stand(3)battery stillage 蓄电池架 / 蓄电池底垫active material 活性物质glass fiber separator 玻璃纤维隔板glass mat 玻璃纤维绵glass mat tube 玻璃纤维绵管spacing washer 间隔垫圈reinforced fiber separator 强化纤维隔板polarity mark plate 极性标记板pole 极柱pole insulator 极柱绝缘子pole nut 极柱螺母plate 极板plate foot 极板足plate supporter 极板支撑件element 极板群 / 极群组pole bolt 极柱螺栓plate lug 极板耳dilute sulfuric acid 稀硫酸steel can 金属罐steel container 金属蓄电池槽(1)madribs(2)element rest 鞍子 / 极群组座tubular plate 管状极板gelled electrolyte 胶体电解液grid 板栅caution label 警告标签synthetic resin separator 合成树脂隔板plastics container 塑料蓄电池槽synthetic fiber separator 合成纤维隔板connector sunken type 沉没型连接器connetor exposed type 露出型连接器safety valve test 安全阀测试ampere-hour efficency 安时效率one charge distance range 一次充电行程gas recombination on negative electrode type 阴极气体再化合型 /阴极气体复合型 cut-off discharge 终止放电 /截止放电(1 ） specific characteristic (2)energy density (1) 比特性（ 2）能量密度recovering charge 恢复充电(1)open circuit voltage(2)off-load voltage开路电压/空载电压overcharge过充电gassing 析气overcharge life test 过充电寿命试验accelerated life test 加速寿命试验active material utilization 活性物质利用率theoretical capacity of active material 活性物质的理论容量over discharge 过放电intermittent discharge 间歇放电full charge 完全充电full discharge 完全放电reverse charge 反充电 /反向充电quick charge 快速放电allowable minimum voltage 允许最小电压equalizing charge 均衡充电creeping 蠕变group voltage 组电压shallow cycle endurance 轻负荷寿命 /轻负荷循环寿命characteristic of electrolyte decrease 电解液减少特性nominal voltage 标称电压high rate discharge 高率放电high rate discharge characteristic 高率放电特性5 second voltage at discharge放电5秒电压（1） cold cranking ampere （ 2） cold cranking performance（1）冷启动电流（ 2 ）冷启动性能cycle life test 循环寿命测试maximum voltage at discharge 最大放电电压30 second voltage at discharge 放电 30 秒电压residual capacity 残存容量(1)hour rate(2) discharge rate （ 1 ）小时率（ 2）放电率(1) self discharge (2) local action （ 1 ）自放电（2）局部自放电(1) self discharge rate(2) local action rate （ 1）自放电率（2）局部自放电率 actual capacity 实际容量(1)starting capability(2)cranking ability 启动能力cranking current 启动电流battery clamp test 电池夹钳测试power density 功率密度momentary discharge 瞬间放电modified constant voltage charge 修正恒定电压充电initial capacity 初始容量gas recombination by catalyser type 触媒气体复合式initialcharge 初始充电viberation test 振动试验predetermined voltage 预定电压total voltage 总电压activation test for dry charged battery 干式荷电蓄电池活化试验salting 盐析earthquake-proof characteristics 防震性能dielectric voltage withstand test电介质耐压试验short time discharge 短时间放电escaped acid mist test 酸雾逸出测试terminal voltage 端子电压cell voltage 单电池电压step charge 阶段充电short-circuit current短路电流storage test 保存测试high rate discharge at low temperature 低温高率放电rated voltage 额定电压rated capacity 额定容量fixed resistance discharge 定阻抗放电constant voltage charge 恒压充电constant voltage life test 恒压寿命测试constant current charge 恒流充电constant voltage constant current charge 恒流恒压充电constant current discharge 恒流放电constant watt discharge 恒功率放电low rate discharge characteristics 低率放电特征trickle charge 涓流充电trickle charge current 涓流充电电流trickle charge life test 涓流充电寿命测试thermal runaway 热失控driving pattern test 运行测试capacity in driving pattern test 运行测试boost charge 急充电floating charge 浮充电floating charge voltage 浮充电电压floating charge current 浮充电电流(1)mean voltage (2)average voltage平均电压on-load voltage 负载电压discharge duration time 放电持续时间(1)final voltage(2)cut-off voltage(3)end voltage 终止电压 / 截止电压 depth of discharge 放电深度discharge voltage 放电电压discharge current 放电电流discharge current density 放电电流密度discharge watt-hour 放电瓦时discharge characteristics 放电特性discharged ampere-hour 放电安时explosion proof test 防爆测试auxiliary charge 补充电maintenance factor 维护率storage characteristics 保存特性gas recombinating efficiency 气体复合效率 / 气体再化合效率charge 充电charge acceptance test 充电可接受性试验start-of-charge current 充电开始电流charge efficiency 充电效率end-of-charge voltage 充电结束电压specific gravity of electrolyte at the end of charge 充电结束时电解液比重 charge voltage 充电电压charge current 充电电流charged watt-hour 充电瓦时charge characteristic 充电特性charge ampere-hour 充电安时deep cycle endurance 重负荷循环寿命/重复合寿命weight engergy density 重量能量密度rubber pad 橡胶垫lower level line 下液面线side terminal 侧端子collective exhaust unit 公共的排放单元sintered plaque 烧结极板sintered separator 烧结隔板sintered plate 烧结极板catalyst plug 催化塞spine 芯骨strap 带spacer 隔离物insulating tube 绝缘管intercell connector 连接线 /连接条connector cover 连接管盖float mounted plug 浮动安装的栓(1)pasted plate (2)grid type plate涂膏式极板braidd tube 编织管(1)flame-arrester vent plug (2)flam-retardant vent plug 安全塞 explosion and splash proof construction 防爆防溅结构baffle 保护板pocket type plate 袋式极板bottom hole-down 底孔向下（固定）bolt fastening terminal 螺栓连接端子male blade 阳片monoblock container 整体槽positive electrode 正极positive plate 正极板leading wire terminal 引线端子retainer mat 止动垫片ribbed separator 肋隔板(1)jumping wire (2)inter low wire 跳线end plate 端板filling plug 注液塞plante plate 形成式极板 /普朗特极板tubular plate 管式极板low electric resistance separator 低电阻隔板tapered terminal post 锥形接线柱electrolyte 电解液container 蓄电池槽 /蓄电池壳set of container 成套蓄电池槽level-scope mounted plug透视塞/透视栓handle 手柄jug 取液管(1)connector;(2)plug concent (1) 连接器； (2) 插座式连接器connector wire 连接线connecting bar 连杆connecting bar cover 连杆帽lead 引线 /连接线edge insulator 绝缘卡side frame 侧框架battery cubicle 蓄电池箱perforated separator 多孔隔板burning rod ( 铅)焊条terminal 端子terminal connector 端子连接条terminal cover 端子盖terminal base 端子座tab 接线片lead bushing 铅套corrugated separator 波形隔板(1)lead dioxide;(2)lead peroxide (1) 二氧化铅；(2) 过氧化铅(1)woven separator;(2)nonwoven separator (1) 织物隔板；(2) 非织物隔板vent hole通气孔exhaust tube排气管antipolar mass反极性物质output cable输出电缆microporous rubber separator微孔像胶隔板specific gravity indicator比重计leaf separator叶片式隔板lid sealing compound密封剂/封口剂sealing gasket密封衬垫/垫圈lid 蓄电池盖set of lid系列的盖方通盖板cover board底板solepiece钢珠steel ball压钢珠press steel ball防爆阀valve preventing explosion大电流 (倍率 )放电discharge in highrate current标称电压Normal voltage标称容量normal capacity放电容量discharge capacity充电上限电压limited voltage in charge放电下限电压terminating voltage in discharge 恒流充电constant current charge恒压充电constant voltage charge恒流放电constant current discharge放电曲线discharge curve充电曲线charge curve放电平台discharge voltage plateau容量衰减capacity attenuation起始容量initial discharge capacity流水线pipelining传送带carrying tape焊极耳welding the current collector卷绕wind叠片layer贴胶带stick tape点焊spot welding超声焊ultrasonic weldingThe terminating voltage in discharge of the battery is 3.0 volt.The limitedvoltage in charge of the battery is 4.2 volt.三元素Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese Lithium Oxidethree elements materials钴酸锂Cobalt Lithium Oxide锰酸锂Manganese Lithium Oxide石墨graphite烘箱oven真空烘箱vacuum oven搅拌机mixing devicevacuum mixing device涂布机coating equipment裁纸刀分条机equipment for cutting big piece to much pieces辊压机roll press equipment电阻点焊机spot welding machine超声点焊机ultrasonic spot welding machine卷绕机winder自动叠片机auto laminating machine激光焊机laser welding machine注液机infusing machine真空注液机vacuum infusion machine预充柜pre-charge equipment化成柜formation systems分容柜grading systems测试柜testing systems内阻仪Battery inner resistance tester万用表Multimeter转盘式真空封口机Turntable type vacuum sealing machine自动冲膜机Automatic aluminum membrane shaper序号首字母英文中文1 A aging 老化2 B battery charger 充电器3 black-fleck 黑斑4 C cap 盖板5 capacity density 能量密度6 capacity grading 分容7 cathode tab welding极耳超焊8cell电芯9 charge(capacity) retention荷电（容量）保持10 checking code检码11 concave spot 凹点12 constant current charge 恒流充电13 constant current discharge 恒流放电14 constant voltage charge 恒压充电15 corrective measures 纠正措施16 crack 裂纹17 cut-off voltage 终止电压18 cycle life 循环寿命19 D dark trace 暗痕20 degrade 降级21 dent 凹痕22 discharge depth 放电深度23 distortion 变形24 drape 打折25 E Electrical and Mechanical Services Department 机电部 26 electrolyte 电解，电解液27 empaistic 压纹28 end-off voltage 放电截止电压29 environmentally friendly 对环境友好30 equipment first inspection 设备首检31 erode 腐蚀32 explosion-proof line 防爆线33 F first inspection 首检34 formation 化成35 fracture 断裂36 I inspection 检验37 insulate 绝缘38 internal resistance 内阻39 J jellyroll 卷芯40 joint 接缝，结合点41 L laser deflecting 偏光42laser reticle 激光刻线43 laser welding-flatwise weld 激光焊接 -平焊laser welding-standing weld 激光焊接 -立焊44 leakage 漏液45 leak-checking 测漏46 leaving out of welding 漏焊47 limited charge voltage 充电限制电压48 local action 自放电49 M margin turnly 翘边50 measuring the dimension of cells电芯卡尺寸51 meet requirement 达到要求52 memory effects 记忆效应53 N nick 划痕54 nominal voltage 标称电压55 notice-board confirmation 看板确认56 nugget 硬块57 O obverse 正面58 open circuit voltage 开路电压59 over charge 过充60 over discharge 过放61 over the thickness 超厚62 P particle 颗粒63 PE membrane PE 膜64 pit 坑点65 placing cells into the box 电芯装盒66 point inspection 点检67 preventive measures 预防措施68 pricking the tapes 扎孔69 process inspection 制程检验70 put the battery piled up 将电芯叠放在一起71 Q qualified products 合格品72 quality assurance 质量保证73 quality control 质量控制74 quality improvement 质量改进75 quality match 品质配对76 quality planning 质量策划77 R rated capacity 额定容量78 recharge 再充电79 refitting the can of cell 电芯壳口整形80 requirement 要求81 reverse 背面，反面82 rework 返工83ringing cells into pyrocondensation films 套热缩膜84 S safety vent 安全阀85 sand aperture 砂眼86 scar 疤痕87 secondary battery 二次电池88 select appearance 选外观sharp-set 批锋89 short circuit checking 测短路90 smudginess 污物91 spot welding by laser 激光点焊92 spot welding place 点焊位置93 spraying the code 喷码94 spur 毛刺95 sticking the PVC cover boards 贴面垫96 storing 陈化97 storing with high voltage 高压储存98 T tabs deflection 极耳歪斜99 tabs excursion 极耳错位100 technics requirement 工艺要求101 U ultrasonic welding 超声波焊接102 ultrasonic welding strength 超焊强度103 unqualified products 不合格品104 W wave 波浪105 working procedure 工序Voltage ：Units of measuring electrical current, all batteries are rated in volts DC.(Direct Current). This determines how much energy is needed to power your equipment. Voltage plateau:（电压平台）A slow decrease in voltage over a long period of time. As a rule, the plateau extends from the first voltage drop at the start of the discharge to thebend of the curve after which the voltage drops rapidly at the end.Nominal Voltage（标称电压）The voltage of a battery, as specified by the manufacturer,discharging at a specified rate and temperature.The working voltage of a cell or battery begins at its electrical connections as soon as an electrical consumer is connected to it.Discharging voltage, average voltage (放电电压)The average discharging voltage is the average value of the dischargingvoltage during the entire discharging process with a related discharging current. Open circuit voltage (OCV开路电压)The voltage of a battery when there is no current flowing.Closed-Circuit Voltage (CCV闭路电压)The potential or voltage of a battery when it is discharging or charging.State of charge:The rate of charge capacity vs. whole capacity.（起始电压）A battery ＇ s initial voltage is the working voltage when discharging begins. End-point voltage (End voltage, Cutoff voltage, Final voltage)截止电压Specified closed circuit voltage at which a serviceoutput test is terminated. End-of-discharge voltageThe battery voltage when discharge is terminated.End-of-charge voltageThe battery voltage when charge is terminated.Cutoff voltage (V)The battery voltage at which charge or discharge is terminated.Definition: Capacity(容量）The capacity of a cell is defined as how many mill-amp-hours (mAh) ofcurrent the cell can store and subsequently deliver.One mill-amp (mA) is 1/1000th of an Amp. Some larger cellcapacities are expressed in Amp-hours(Ah).“ Rated capacity is” varies with discharge rate, temperature, and cutoff voltage.Rated capacity is different from power or energyExample:If a cell is rated at 1000 mAh, then it can deliver the following:1000 mA of current for 1 hour500 mA of current for 2 hours200 mA of current for 5 hours2000mA of current for 1/2 hourDefinition: Energy Density( 能量密度，包括体积比能量和质量比能量）The energy density of a cell is a measure of how much energy can bestored in the cell per unit volume or per unit weight.E (watt-hours) = cell voltage x capacity ratingEnergy density per unit volume is called the “ volumetric energy density ”and is expressed in terms of watt-hours/liter (wh/l).Energy density per unit weight is called the “ gravimetric energy density ”and is expressed in terms of watt-hours/kilogram (wh/kg).These measurements are useful when you are trying to determine whichcell has the most capacity per unit volume or weight.1.Self Discharge 自放电2.Uniformity of the Li-ion Batteries 锂离子电池的一致性3.steel strap 钢带4.Burst vent 防爆阀5.Filling port 注液孔6.spirally wound type cylindrical wound type 圆柱形7.foil 箔8.parallel-plate prismatic design 方形叠片式设计Ageing （老化） -Permanent loss of capacity with frequent use orThe passage of time due to unwanted irreversible chemical reactions inthe cell. Anode （阳极） -The electrode in an electrochemical cell where oxidation takes place, releasing electrons.During discharge the negative electrode of the cell is the anode.During charge the situation reverses and the positive electrode of the cell is the anode.Cathode（阴极）-The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reductiontakes place, gaining electrons.During discharge the positive electrode of the cell is the cathode. Duringcharge the situation reverses andThe negative electrode of the cell is the cathode.Cycle（循环）-A single charge and discharge of a battery.Depth of discharge DOD （放电深度） -The ratio of the quantity of electricity overcharge removed from a cell on discharge to its rated capacity.Internal impedance （交流内阻） -Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell. It takes into account the capacitive effect of the plates formingthe electrodes. Internal resistance （直流内阻） -Resistance to the flow of DCelectric current within a cell,the current drain from the cell.A low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate cell.锂离子电池的内阻英语概念到底用哪个概念，是Internal resistance还是Internal impedance，一些电池说明书内阻用Internal resistance，也有的用Internal impedance，我认为Internal impedance较好些，因为国内测的电池内阻基本都是交流内阻，而外文也有这样定义的（我在别的帖子也粘贴过）：Internal impedance（交流内阻）-Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell. It takes into account the capacitive effect of the plates formingthe electrodes.Internal resistance（直流内阻）-Resistance to the flow of DCelectric current within a cell, causing a voltage drop across the cell in closedcircuit proportional to the current drain from the cell.A low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate cell.在 IEC6196002 中，只定义为 Internal resistance ，而用交流的方法测得的内阻，叫 Internal a.c. resistance （交流内阻）用直流的方法测得的内阻，叫Internal d.c. resistance （直流内阻），其实Internal a.c. resistance 测得就是阻抗，这样看来不如用 Internal impedance （交流内阻）和Internal resistance （直流内阻）这两个概念把它们进行分清，以免混淆。