剑桥法律英语国际证书模拟试题(6)

1调卷令certiorari 2遵循先例：stare decisis 3法系legal family 4大陆法civil law管辖权jurisdiction 地区法院District court 巡回法院circuit court 治安法庭Justice court社会主义法socialist law 众议院House of representative 行使exercise1司法审查judicial review 起诉资格standing 事实上的损害injury in fact行政协定executive decision共同决议common decision 分权separation of powers制衡checks and balances 成熟原则ripeness 招标bids 宪法constitution1刑法criminal law 轻微违法misdemeanor 报税单bill of entry 主观上的过错mental fault 非预谋杀人manslaughter 抢劫robbery 加重的aggravate 绑架kidnapping 盗劫larceny伪证罪perjury1the county is the subdivision 2the doctrine ---the maxim 3the federal entity4the enforcement of a claim5statutes or codes 6tradition custom,and precedent 7commom people ,versus legislation8stare decisis , Latin9legal relationships /legal concept 10judicial branch /judicial dictatorships 1in the precess of a court ascertaining2than to statutory interpretation3dose not have the ''prolixity"/dose not provide a ready solution4congress though its "power of the purse" /power as commander -in- chief5c hecks and balances provided for in the constitution6and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures7has no standing to challenge 8the policy of elimination of racial discriminationIn places of accommodation/and ending the badges of servitude1it is punishable by sanctions 2Most crimes or identified in statutes3punished through imposition penalities 4violation of a misdemeanor5which were committed before that /enactment of the law6grand a criminal prosecution7as well as its substantive law8crimes classified as felonies include murder9 authorized federal jurisdiction10one can be held criminally liable 1 it is to tell the defendant that2In US jurisprudence, however 3the right to trial by grand jury/protection against government tyranny 4 The prosecution at trial has the duty 5against arbitrary imposition of the capital punishment 6in an entirely different punishment/prosecution and conviction7 privilege against self-incrimination8a common assumption abou t the nature of criminality 9"unreasonable" government searches and seizures is stated10criminal procedure is "adversarial" 1 single issue of law 2dismissed or a defense was lost3state a claim generally 4adequately represent the interests5"fairness hearing" 6(the "plaintiff")to file suit in 7violatio n criminal law8applying substantive law to real disputes 9 on part is entitled to judgment10common law remedy/ equitable remedies。

ACCAF6模考题--11年6月Supplementary Instructions1 Calculations and workings need only be made to the nearest ￡.2 All apportionments should be made to the nearest month.3 All workings should be shown.The following tax rates and allowances are to be used in answering the questionsIncome tax Normal Rates Dividend Rates% %Basic rate ￡1 –￡37,400 20 10Higher rate ￡37,401 –￡150,000 40 32.5 Additional rate ￡150,000 and over 50 42.5A starting rate of 10% applies to savings income where it falls within the first ￡2,440 of taxable income.Personal allowancePersonal allowance Standard ￡6,475 Personal allowance 65–74 ￡9,490 Personal allowance 75 and over ￡9,640 Income limit for standard personal allowances ￡100,000 Income limit for age related allowances ￡22,900Car benefit percentageThe base level of CO2 emissions is 130 grams per kilometer.For a petrol car with CO2 emissions of 75 grams per kilometer or less, the percentage is 5%.For a petrol car with CO2 emissions of between 76 and 120 grams per kilometer, the percentage is 10%.Car fuel benefitThe base figure for calculating the car fuel benefit is ￡18,000.Pension scheme limitsAnnual allowance ￡255,000 The maximum contribution that can qualify for tax relief without any earnings is ￡3,600.Capital allowancesPlant and machineryMain pool 20% Special rate pool 10% Motor cars (purchases since 6 April 2009(1 April 2009 for limited companies)) CO2emissions up to 110g per kilometer 100%CO2emissions between 111 and 160g per kilometer 20%CO2 emissions over 160g per kilometer 10%Annual investment allowanceFirst ￡100,000 of expenditure 100%Industrial buildings allowance 1%Corporation taxFinancial year 2008 2009 2010 Small profits rate 21% 21% 21% Main rate 28% 28% 28% Lower limit 300,000 300,000 300,000 Upper limit 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 Marginal relief fraction 7/400 7/400 7/400Marginal reliefStandard fraction x (Upper limit –Augmented profits) x Taxable total profits/Augmented profitsValue added tax ￡ Standard rate – up to 3 January 2011 17.5% –from 4 January 2011 onwards 20.0% Registration limit 70,000 Deregistration limit 68,000Capital gains taxLower rate 18% Higher rate 28% Annual exemption ￡10,100 Entrepreneurs’ relief– Lifetime limit ￡5,000,000– Rate of tax 10% Inheritance tax: tax rate￡1 –￡325,000 Nil Excess –Death rate 40%–Lifetime rate 20%Inheritance tax: taper reliefYears before death Percentage reduction% Over 3 but less than 4 years 20Over 4 but less than 5 years 40Over 5 but less than 6 years 60Over 6 but less than 7 years 80National insurance contributions% Class 1 Employee ￡1 –￡5,715 per year Nil￡5,716 –￡43,875 per year 11·0￡43,876 and above per year 1·0Class 1 Employer ￡1 –￡5,715 per year Nil￡5,716 and above per year 12·8 Class 1A 12·8 Class 2 ￡2·40 per weekClass 4 ￡1 –￡5,715 per year Nil￡5,716 –￡43,875 per year 8·0￡43,876 and above per year 1·0Rates of interestOfficial rate of interest: 4.00% Rate of interest on underpaid tax: 3.0% Rate of interest on overpaid tax: 0·5%ALL FIVE questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted1 On 31 December 2010 Joe Jones aged 40 resigned as an employee of Firstly plc and on 1 January2011 commenced employment with Secondly plc. Joe was employed by both companies as a financial analyst. The following information is available for the tax year 2010–11:Employment with Firstly plc(1) From 6 April 2010 to 31 December 2010 Joe was paid a salary of ￡11,400 per month. In additionto his salary, Joe was paid a bonus of ￡12,000 on 12 May 2010. He had become entitled to thisbonus on 22 March 2010.(2) Joe contributed 6% of his monthly gross salary of ￡11,400 into Firstly plc’s HM Revenue andCustoms’ registered occupational pension scheme.(3) On 1 May 2010 Firstly plc provided Joe with an interest free loan of ￡120,000 so that he couldpurchase a holiday cottage. Joe repaid ￡50,000 of the loan on 31 July 2010, and repaid thebalance of the loan of ￡70,000 when he ceased employment with Firstly plc on 31 December2010.(4) During the period from 6 April 2010 to 31 December 2010 Joe’s three-year-old daughter wasprovided with a place at Firstly plc’s workplace nursery. The total cost to the company of providing this nursery place was ￡11,400 (190 days at ￡60 per day).(5) During the period 6 April 2010 to 31 December 2010 Firstly plc paid gym membership fees of￡1,050 for Joe.(6) Firstly plc provided Joe with a home entertainment system for his personal use costing ￡4,400 on6 April 2010.The company gave the home entertainment system to Joe for free, when he left thecompany on 31 December 2010, although its market value at that time was ￡3,860.Employment with Secondly plc(1) From 1 January 2011 to 5 April 2011 Joe was paid a salary of ￡15,200 per month.(2) During the period 1 January 2011 to 5 April 2011 Joe contributed a total of ￡3,000 (gross) into apersonal pension scheme.(3) From 1 January 2011 to 5 April 2011 Secondly plc provided Joe with living accommodation. Theproperty has an annual value of ￡10,400 and is rented by Secondly plc at a cost of ￡2,250 permonth. On 1 January 2011 Secondly plc purchased furniture for the property at a cost of ￡16,320.The company pays for all of the running costs relating to the property, and for the period 1January 2011 to 5 April 2011 these amounted to ￡1,900.(4) During the period 1 January 2011 to 5 April 2011 Secondly plc provided Joe with 13 weeks ofchildcare vouchers costing ￡100 per week. Joe used the vouchers to provide childcare for histhree-year-old daughter at a registered nursery near to his workplace.(5) During the period 1 January 2011 to 5 April 2011 Joe used Secondly plc’s company gym which isonly open to employees of the company. The cost to Secondly plc of providing this benefit to Joe was ￡340.(6) During the period 1 January 2011 to 5 April 2011 Secondly plc provided Joe with a mobiletelephone costing ￡560. The company paid for all of Joe’s business and private telephone calls.Besides employment, Joe does not have any other income.Required:(a) Calculate Joe Jones’ income tax liability for the tax year 2010–11. (19 marks)(b) For each of the PAYE forms P45, P60 and P11D, briefly describe the circumstances in whichthe form will be completed, state who will provide it, theinformation to be included, and the dates by which they should have been provided to Joe for the tax year 2010–11. (6 marks)(25 marks)2 (a) Neung Ltd is a UK resident company that runs a business providing financial services. The company’s business is mainly based in the UK, but Neung Ltd also has two overseas branches. The company’s summarized income statement for the year ended 31 March 2011 is as follows: Note ￡ Operating profit 1 & 2 374,100Income from investmentsLoan interest 3 37,800Dividends 4 54,000 Profit before taxation 465,900Note 1 – Operating profitThe operating profit does not include the results from either of Neung Ltd’s two overseas branches.Depreciation of ￡11,830 and amortization of leasehold property of ￡7,000 have been deducted inarriving at the operating profit of ￡374,100.Note 2 – Overseas branchesNeung Ltd’s first overseas branch made a trading profit of ￡41,000 for the year ended 31 March 2011.No overseas corporation tax was paid on this profit.The second overseas branch made a trading loss of ￡15,700 for the year ended 31 March 2011.Note 3 – Loan interest receivableThe loan was made for non-trading purposes on 1 July 2010. Loan interest of ￡25,200 was received on31 December 2010, and interest of ￡12,600 was accrued at 31 March 2011.Note 4 – Dividends receivedNeung Ltd holds shares in four UK resident companies as follows:Percentageshareholding StatusSecond Ltd 25% TradingThird Ltd 60% TradingFourth Ltd 100% DormantFifth Ltd 100% Trading During the year ended 31 March 2011 Neung Ltd received a dividend of ￡37,800 from Second Ltd, anda dividend of ￡16,200 from Third Ltd. These figures were the actual cash amounts received.Additional informationLeasehold propertyOn 1 April 2010 Neung Ltd acquired a leasehold office building, paying a premium of ￡140,000 for the grant of a 20-year lease. The office building was used for business purposes by Neung Ltd throughout the year ended 31 March 2011.Plant and machineryOn 1 April 2010 the tax written down values of Neung Ltd’s plant and machinery were as follows:￡Main pool 4,800Motor car [1] 22,800Special rate pool 12,700 The company purchased the following assets during the year ended 31 March 2011: ￡19 July 2010 Motor car [2] 15,40012 December 2010 Motor car [3] 28,60020 December 2010 Ventilation system 112,000Motor car [1] purchased on 18 June 2008 has a CO2 emissionrate of 220 grams per kilometer. Motor car [2] purchased on 19 July 2010 has a CO2 emission rate of 242 grams per kilometer. Motor car [3] purchased on 12 December 2010 has a CO2 emission rate of 148 grams per kilometer.The ventilation system purchased on 20 December 2010 for ￡112,000 is integral to the freehold office building in which it was installed.Required:(i) State, giving reasons, which companies will be treated as being associated with Neung Ltdfor corporation tax purposes; (2 marks)(ii) Calculate Neung Ltd’s corporation tax liability for the year ended 31 March 2011. (15 marks) (iii) Advise Neung Ltd of the taxation disadvantages of converting its two overseas branches into 100% overseas subsidiary companies. (3 marks)(b) Note that in answering this part of the question you are not expected to take account of any ofthe information provided in part (a) above.The following information is available in respect of Neung Ltd’s value added tax (VAT) for the quarter ended 31 March 2011:(1) Invoices were issued for sales of ￡44,600 to VAT registered customers. Of this figure, ￡35,200 wasin respect of exempt sales and the balance in respect of standard rated sales. The standard rated sales figure is exclusive of VAT.(2) In addition to the above, on 1 March 2011 Neung Ltd issued a VAT invoice for ￡8,000 plus VAT of￡1,600 to a VAT registered customer. This was in respect of a contract for standard rated financial services that will becompleted on 15 April 2011. The customer paid for the contracted services in two installments of ￡4,800 on 31 March 2011 and 30 April 2011 respectively.(3) Invoices were issued for sales of ￡289,300 to non-VAT registered customers. Of this figure,￡247,300 was in respect of exempt sales and the balance in respect of standard rated sales. The standard rated sales figure is inclusive of VAT.(4) The managing director of Neung Ltd is provided with free fuel for private mileage driven in hercompany motor car. During the quarter ended 31 March 2011 this fuel cost Neung Ltd ￡260. The relevant quarterly scale charge is ￡348. Both these figures are inclusive of VAT.For the quarters ended 30 September 2009 and 30 June 2010 Neung Ltd was one month late insubmitting its VAT returns and in paying the related VAT liabilities. All of the company’s other VAT returns have been submitted on time.Required:(i) Calculate the amount of output VAT payable by Neung Ltd for the quarter ended 31 March2011, assuming that all the transactions incurs after 4 January 2011. (4 marks)(ii) Advise Neung Ltd of the default surcharge implications if it is one month late in submitting its VAT return for the quarter ended 31 March 2011. (3 marks)(iii) State the circumstances in which Neung Ltd is and is not required to issue a VAT invoice, and the period during which such an invoice should be issued. (3 marks)(30 marks)3 Lim Lam is the controlling shareholder and managing director of Mal-Mil Ltd, an unquoted tradingcompany that provides support services to the oil industry.Lim LamLim disposed of the following assets during the tax year 2010–11:(1) On 8 April 2010 Lim sold five acres of land to Mal-Mil Ltd for ￡260,000. The land had beenpurchased by Lim on 17 January 2003 for ￡182,000.(2) On 13 August 2010 Lim made a gift of 5,000 ￡1 ordinary shares in Oily plc, a quoted tradingcompany, to her sister. On that date the shares were quoted on the Stock Exchange at ￡7·40–￡7·56, with recorded bargains of ￡7·36, ￡7·38 and ￡7·60.Lim had originally purchased 1,000 shares in Greasy plc on 8 July 2003 for ￡18,200. On 23November 2003 Greasy plc was taken over by Oily plc. Lim received five ￡1 ordinary shares andtwo ￡1 preference shares in Oily plc for each ￡1 ordinary share held in Greasy plc. Immediatelyafter the takeover each ￡1 ordinary share in Oily plc was quoted at ￡3·50 and each ￡1 preference share was quoted at ￡1·25.Entrepreneurs’ relief and h oldover relief are not available in respect of this disposal.(3) On 22 March 2011 Lim sold 40,000 ￡1 ordinary shares in Mal-Mil Ltd for ￡280,000. She hadoriginally purchased 125,000 shares in the company on 8 June 2002 for ￡142,000, and hadpurchased a further 60,000 shares on 23 May 2004 for￡117,000. Mal-Mil Ltd has a total sharecapital of 250,000 ￡1 ordinary shares. Lim has made no previous disposals eligible forentrepreneurs’ relief.During the tax year 2010–11 Lim has a taxable income of ￡4,000.Mal-Mil LtdOn 20 December 2010 Mal-Mil Ltd sold two of the five acres of land that had been purchased from Lim on 8 April 2010. The sale proceeds were ￡162,000 and legal fees of ￡3,800 were incurred inconnection with the disposal. The market value of the unsold three acres of land as at 20 December 2010 was ￡254,000. During April 2010 Mal-Mil Ltd had spent ￡31,200 levelling the five acres of land.The relevant retail price indexes (RPIs) are as follows:April 2010 211·5December 2010 218·0Mal-Mil Ltd’s o nly other income for the year ended 31 December 2010 was a trading profit of ￡163,000.Required:(a) Explain why Lim Lam’s disposal of 40,000 ￡1 ordinary shares in Mal-Mil Ltd on 22 March2011 qualifies for entrepreneurs’ relief. (2 marks)(b) Calculate Li m Lam’s capital gains tax liability for the tax year 2010–11 and state by when thisshould be paid. (11 marks)(c) Calculate Mal-Mil Ltd’s corporation tax liability for the year ended 31 December 2010, andstate by when this should be paid. (7 marks)(20 marks)4Jing died on 21 January 2011. She had made the following lifetime gifts:3 March 2003 A gift of ￡126,000 to a trust.12 January 2006 A gift of ￡40,000 to her husband.10 May 2007 A gift of ￡200 to a nephew23 June 2007 A gift of ￡240,000 to her daughter.2 September 2007 A gift of ￡300,000 to a trust.Jing paid any IHT arising from the gifts to the trusts.Nil rate bands are as follows:￡2002-03 250,0002005-06 275,0002007-08 300,000Required:(a) State the advantages for inheritance tax purposes of making lifetime gifts of assets. (3marks)(b) Calculate the inheritance tax that will be payable as a result of Jing’s death. (12 marks)(15 marks)5 You should assume that today’s date is 20 March 2010.Sammi Smith is a director of Smark Ltd. The company has given her the choice of being provided witha leased company motor car or alternatively being paid additional director’s remuneration and thenprivately leasing the same motor car herself.Company motor carThe motor car will be provided throughout the tax year 2010–11, and will be leased by Smark Ltd at an annual cost of￡26,540. The motor car will be petrol powered, will have a list price of ￡92,000, and will have an official CO2 emission rate of 320 grams per kilometer.The lease payments will cover all the costs of running the motor car except for fuel. Smark Ltd will not provide Sammi with any fuel for private journeys.Additional director’s remunerationAs an alternative to having a company motor car, Sammi will be paid additional gross directo r’sremuneration of ￡26,000 during the tax year 2010–11. She will then privately lease the motor car at an annual cost of ￡26,540.Other informationThe amount of business journeys that will be driven by Sammi will be immaterial and can be ignored.Sammi’s current annual director’s remuneration is ￡100,000. The lease of the motor car will commence on 6 April 2010.Required:(a) Advise Sammi Smith of the income tax and national insurance contribution implications forthe tax year 2010–11 if she (1) is provided with the company motor car; (2) receivesadditional director’s remuneration of ￡26,000. Determine which is beneficial. (5 marks)(b) Advise Smark Ltd of the corporation tax and national insurance contribution implications forthe year ended 5 April 2011 if the company (1) provides Sammi Smith with the companymotor car; (2) pays Sammi Smith additional director’sremuneration of ￡26,000. Determine which is beneficial. (5 marks)(10 marks)End of Question Paper。

tkt剑桥英语教学能力认证考试全真模考题全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: My Experience Taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Ability TestHello everyone! Today I want to share with you my experience taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Ability Test. It was a really exciting and challenging day for me, but I learned a lot from it!First of all, the test had three modules: Module 1 – Language and background to language learning and teaching, Module 2 –Lesson planning and use of resources for language teaching, and Module 3 – Managing the teaching and learning process. Each module had different types of questions, like multiple choice, matching, and true/false.Before the test, I made sure to review all the study materials and attended some preparation courses to help me feel more confident. During the test, I tried my best to stay calm and focused, even when some questions were tricky. I rememberedto read each question carefully and think about the best answer before choosing it.After the test, I felt relieved but also anxious to know my results. It took a few weeks, but finally, I received them and I was so happy to see that I passed all three modules! I couldn't have done it without my teachers' help and support.In conclusion, taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Ability Test was a great experience for me. It helped me improve my English teaching skills and gave me a sense of accomplishment. I would definitely recommend it to anyone who wants to become a better English teacher. Thank you for listening to my story!篇2Title: My Experience with the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification ExamHey everyone! Today I want to talk about my experience taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Exam. It was a big deal for me because I really want to be a great English teacher when I grow up. So, let me tell you all about it.First of all, the exam was kind of tough. There were three modules to complete, and each one tested my knowledge of different teaching skills. I had to study a lot to make sure I was ready. But you know what? It was actually kind of fun too. I got to learn so many new things about teaching English that I never knew before.The first module was all about language and background to language learning and teaching. I had to answer questions about grammar, vocabulary, and how people learn languages. It was a bit tricky, but I remembered what my teacher told me in class and I think I did pretty well.The second module was about lesson planning and use of resources for language teaching. I had to think about how to plan a lesson and what kind of materials I could use to help my students learn better. I even had to make a lesson plan for a class of imaginary students. It was super cool!The last module was about managing the teaching and learning process. This one was a bit challenging because I had to think about how to keep my students interested and motivated during the lesson. It made me realize that being a teacher is not just about knowing stuff, but also about how to make learning fun for everyone.Overall, the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Exam was a great experience for me. I learned a lot and I feel more prepared to become a great English teacher in the future. I can't wait to keep learning and growing as a teacher. Wish me luck, guys!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about the TKt Cambridge English Teaching Knowledge Test.The Tkt exam is super important for teachers who want to show off their English teaching skills. It's like a badge of honor that says "I know how to teach English really well!"In the Tkt exam, you have to answer lots of different questions about teaching English. Like, how to make sure your students understand what you're saying, or how to help kids who are struggling with English.One question might be something like: "How can you make sure your students are having fun while learning English?" You might think, "Hmm, I can use games or songs to make learning English more fun!" That's a great answer!Another question might be: "What can you do to help a student who is having trouble understanding a lesson?" You could say, "I can use simpler language or visual aids to help the student understand better." That's a smart answer!The Tkt exam is all about showing that you know how to teach English in a way that's engaging and effective. So, if you want to be a super awesome English teacher, make sure to study hard and practice lots for the Tkt exam!Good luck, future English teachers! You got this!篇4Title: My Experience Taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification TestHi guys! Today I want to share with you all about my experience taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Test. It was super exciting and I learned a lot from it!First of all, let me tell you what the TKT test is all about. TKT stands for Teaching Knowledge Test. It's a test for teachers who want to prove they have the skills to teach English to speakers of other languages. The test has three modules: Module 1 -Language and Background to Language Learning and Teaching, Module 2 - Lesson Planning and Use of Resources for Language Teaching, and Module 3 - Managing the Teaching and Learning Process.So, on the day of the test, I was a bit nervous but also very excited. I had studied really hard and felt ready to show what I knew. The test had multiple choice questions and some short answer questions too. I had to think carefully and use all the knowledge I had gained from my teacher training.During the test, I focused and answered each question to the best of my ability. Some questions were easy, while others were a bit tricky. But I didn't give up, I kept going and tried my best. After finishing the test, I felt relieved and proud of myself for completing it.A few weeks later, I got my results and I was so happy to see that I had passed the test! It was such a great feeling to know that I had proven my teaching abilities and was ready to take on the world as an English teacher.In conclusion, taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Test was a challenging but rewarding experience. I learned a lot from studying for the test and I now feel more confident in my teaching skills. I would recommend this test toany teacher who wants to improve their teaching abilities and prove their knowledge in the field of English language teaching.篇5Oh! Hi everyone! Today I'm gonna tell you all about this super cool test called the TKT (Teaching Knowledge Test) Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Exam. It's like a superhero test for teachers!So, the TKT exam is all about testing teachers on their teaching abilities and knowledge. It's like a secret mission to make sure teachers are super duper good at what they do. The test has three parts: Part 1 is about language and background to language learning, Part 2 is about planning lessons and use of resources for language teaching, and Part 3 is about managing the teaching and learning process. Sounds fun, right?To pass this amazing test, you have to answer lots of questions and show off your teaching skills. You gotta know all about teaching methods, how to make lesson plans, the best ways to help students learn, and lots of other awesome stuff. It's like a puzzle to solve, but with teaching instead of numbers!But don't worry, if you study hard and practice lots, you can totally ace this test and become a teaching superhero! So grabyour pencils, get ready to learn, and let's rock this TKT exam together! Go, go, TKT power!篇6Title: My Experience Taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Knowledge TestHey everyone,I want to share with you all about my experience taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Knowledge Test! It was quite an adventure, let me tell you.First of all, the test was super duper long, like over 3 hours! There were three different parts to the test – Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3. Part 1 was all multiple-choice questions, Part 2 was about teaching practice, and Part 3 was an interview about teaching. It was a lot to remember!I remember feeling nervous at first, but then I remembered all the things I learned in my English class and my teacher training sessions. I knew I could do it! The questions were pretty tough, but I tried my best to answer them all.In Part 2, I had to pretend to be a teacher and answer questions about different teaching scenarios. I had to think onmy feet and come up with answers quickly. It was a bit tricky, but I managed to get through it.Finally, in Part 3, I had to talk about teaching with one of the examiners. They asked me lots of questions about my teaching style and how I would handle different situations in the classroom. It was like having a real-life teaching interview!Overall, taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Knowledge Test was a great learning experience. Even though it was tough, I feel proud that I was able to challenge myself and show what I know about teaching English.So, if any of you are thinking about taking the TKT test, don't worry! Just study hard, stay calm, and believe in yourself. You can do it too! Good luck, everyone!篇7Title: My Experience with Taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualifications TestHi guys! Today I want to share with you about my experience of taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualifications Test. It was a super cool but also a little bit scary experience!First of all, I had to study really hard to prepare for the test. I had to learn about different teaching methods, how to manage a class, and how to engage students in learning English. It was tough, but I knew I needed to do my best to pass the test.On the day of the test, I was so nervous! But when it started, I tried to stay calm and remember all the things I had studied. There were different sections in the test, like understanding language, teaching language, and classroom management. I had to answer a lot of questions and write some short essays too.After the test was over, I felt a mix of relief and worry. I was glad it was done, but I wasn't sure if I had done well enough to pass. I had to wait for a few weeks to get my results.Finally, when I got my results, I was so happy! I had passed the test and I felt really proud of myself. It was a big accomplishment for me and I knew all my hard work had paid off.So, that's my story of taking the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualifications Test. It was a challenge, but I did it! If you ever want to become an English teacher, remember to study hard and believe in yourself. You can do it too! Good luck!篇8Hello everyone! Today, I want to talk about the TKT Cambridge English Teaching qualification exam. It's a super important test for English teachers like me to show our teaching skills!First, let's talk about what the TKT exam is all about. It's like a big test that shows if we know how to teach English well. We have to answer lots of questions about teaching methods, lesson planning, and how to help students learn English better.To pass the TKT exam, we need to study really hard and practice teaching English to our friends or classmates. We need to understand things like how to explain grammar rules, how to make lessons fun, and how to help students feel confident when they speak English.I remember when I took the TKT exam, I was super nervous! But I studied every day and practiced teaching English with my friends. When I finally took the test, I felt prepared and ready to show what I knew.After the exam, I felt so proud of myself for passing! I got my TKT certificate and now I can teach English to people all around the world. It's such a cool feeling to know that I have the skills to help others learn English.So, if you want to become an awesome English teacher like me, remember to study hard, practice teaching, and believe in yourself. You can do it! Good luck on your TKT exam!篇9Hey guys, today I want to tell you about the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Exam! It's a test for teachers to show that they have the skills to teach English really well.In the exam, there are three parts. The first part is about language and background to language learning. It asks questions like "How do students learn new words?" or "What are the different types of language skills?"The second part is about how to plan lessons. You have to think about things like what activities you can do in class, how to make sure all students are involved, and how to help students practice their English.The last part is about how to manage the classroom. You have to know how to deal with problems that might come up, like students who are bored or disruptive. You also have to think about how to give feedback to your students so they can improve.It's a tough exam, but if you study hard and practice, you can do it! Just remember to think about what you would do in different situations and how you can be the best teacher you can be.I hope this helps you understand a bit more about the TKT exam. Good luck, everyone! You can do it!篇10Oh boy, here we go! So, like, this is a pretend test thingy for the TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Exam. The test is super duper important and it's all about showing how good you are at teaching English. Sounds cool, right?Alrighty, so the first question is all about lesson planning. You gotta plan a lesson on animals for a group of kids. What activities would you do and what materials would you use? Make sure it's fun and engaging 'cause kids get bored real quick!Next up, let's talk about classroom management. How would you handle a situation where one of your students is being a bit of a troublemaker and disrupting the class? Would you give them a time out, chat with them after class, or something else?Now, onto the last question! It's all about assessing your students' progress. How would you check if your students are really understanding the English you're teaching them? Would you use tests, games, or maybe even have a little chat with them?So there you have it, three questions for our pretend TKT Cambridge English Teaching Qualification Exam. Remember, it's all about being a super awesome teacher and helping your students learn English in the bestest way possible. Good luck, my friend! You got this!。

法律英语证书考试试题法律英语证书全国统一考试委员会依托中国政法大学和北京外国语大学具体组织考试工作，旨在为从事涉外业务的企业、律师事务所提供招募国际性人才的客观标准，同时督促国内法律从业人员提高专业英语水平。

下面是小编为大家整理的法律英语考试证书模拟试题，欢迎阅读。

1.A buyer can accept goods by：A. Stating an intention to take them.B. Failing to reject them.C. Treating the goods as if the buyer owned them.D. All of the above.2.Mary agrees to sell a used car to Bill for $ 5，000. After Bill pays， Mary tells him to come over and pick up the car. However，Bill waits until Wednesday to pick up the car. In the meantime，the car is stolen. Who bears the loss here? Assume that we have neither a shipment contract nor a destination contract， and that Mary has never sold a care before.A. Mary.B. BillC. Neither Mary and Bill.D. Both Mary and Bill.3.Mary agrees to sell a used car to Bill for $ 5，000. After Bill pays， Mary tells him to come over and pick up the car. However，Bill waits until Wednesday to pick up the car. In the meantime，the car is stolen. Who bears the loss here? Assume that we have neither a shipment contract nor a destination contract， and that Mary has never sold a care before.A. Mary.B. BillC. Neither Mary and Bill.D. Both Mary and Bill.4.In order for someone to be convicted of a crime， which of the following elements must be present?A. The defendant had a socially maladjusted childhood.B. The defendant had no intent to commit the act.C. The defendant performed a prohibited act.D. The defendant performed a morally questionable act.5.Bob often left his friend Mark in charge of his bicycle store. One Saturday evening， after Mark had left for the week， Bob discovered that he was missing $9，000 in cash. Mark may be guilty of：A. Robbery.B. Embezzlement.C. Misappropriation.D. Conversion.6.When profits earned illegally are channeled through a legitimate business for the purpose of giving the funds the appearance of legitimacy， the act of ______ occurs：A. Insider trading.B. Economic espionage.C. Money laundering.D. Burglary.7.When profits earned illegally are channeled through a legitimate business for the purpose of giving the funds the appearance of legitimacy， the act of ______ occurs：A. Insider trading.B. Economic espionage.C. Money laundering.D. Burglary.8.If James takes El len’s diamond-studded watch from her desk at work while Ellen is at lunch and does not return it， he may be guilty of the crime of：A. Battery.B. Larceny.C. Arson.D. Forgery9.A homicide committedwithout malice towards the victim is known as：A. First-degree murder.B. Manslaughter.C. A misdemeanor.D. Extortion10.If you are charged with a crime， you might be able to defend yourself and escape liability if you：A. Committed a prohibited act.B. Were voluntarily intoxicated at the time of the crime.C. Were over the age of sixty-five at the time of crime.D. Were involuntarily intoxicated at the time of crime.11.One morning in the Laundromat，Duneberry approached Kirksey and said，“If you don’t pay me $ 500 by July 2nd，I’ll beat you to a pulp.” A week later， on July 2nd，Duneberry met Kirksey at a local bar and demanded the money. Kirksey handed Duneberry the $ 500. After receiving the money，Duneberry then punched Kirksey in the stomach and hurriedly left the bar. Under modern statutory law， Duneberry will most likely be found guilty of which of the following crimes：A. Extortion and battery.B. Extortion and robbery.C. Assault and battery.D. Assault and robbery12.Which of the following does NOT describe a felony?A. If found guilty， you are sentenced to prison for up to six months.B. If found guilty， you go to a federal or state penitentiary.C. If found guilty， you may face the death penalty.D. If found guilty， you may face life imprisonment.13.Which of the following is not classified in English law as a tort?A. Defamation.B. Negligence.C. Breach of contract.D. Nuisance14.Eunice Younis is sitting in a swing chair watching her husband Yasser，planting tulip bulbs from his native Turkey. Jacques Kevorkian， who hates Yasser because of the Armenian genocide，but is a friend of Eunice’s， whose present is known to him， draws a scimitar and threatens to behead Yasser. Eunice，who is five months pregnant，suffers severe psychological trauma as a result of this spectacle and miscarries shortly thereafter. In an action by Eunice against Jacques for intentional inflection of emotional distress causing her miscarriage， Eunice will：A. Lose，because Jacques did not know Eunice was pregnant.B. Win，because it is highly probable that Jacques’ extreme and outrageous conduct would inflect emotional distress on Eunice.C. Lose，since Jacques’s tortuous acts were aimed againstYasser， so only Yasser can recover for emotional distress.D. Win，because she is Yasser’s wife.15.Intent is：A. A factor required to sustain a tort.B. Strict liability.C. The desire to cause a certain result or to act with substantial knowledge that an injury will result.D. Where desert nomads live16.False imprisonment is：A. Placing a convicted defendant in a maximum security prison.B. A description of when a judge and jury disagree over a sentence.C. A criminal imprisonment for civil wrong.D. The intentional，unlawful confinement of a person against that person’s will.17. Which of the following is/are required in order to have a “tender” of goods?A. The seller must put and hold conforming goods at the buyer’s disposal.B. The seller must give notice to the buyer that the goods are available.C. The seller must give notice to the buyer and hold the goods for a reasonable time.D. All of the above are required for tender.18. Rescission may be defined as：A. The substitution of one contract party for another.B. The revision of a contract’s terms to reflect trade usage.C. The full performance of a contract.D. The unmaking of a contract to return the contract partiesto the positions they were in before the contract was formed.19. Suppose that you purchase a purebred Scottish T errier puppy. You pay $800 for the dog because it comes from champion stock. The dog’s owner did not discuss the dog’s pedigree with you. If you discover later that the dog is not worth $800， but only $400， can you have the contract rescinded or canceled based on your mistake?A. Yes，if the owner knew the dog was clearly not worth $800.B. Yes， because you had a duty to investigate.C. Probably not，because you made a mistake about the dog’s value， not a mistake of a material fact.D. Probably so，because you made a mistake of an immaterial fact.20. Liz contracts with Brian. Liz agrees to cook 20 dinners for Brian， in exchange for which Brian will repair all of the plumbing in Liz’s house. Is this consideration legally sufficient?A. No， because it is clear that one dinner is not worth as much as repairing all of the plumbing in Liz’s house.B. No， because this kind of bargain violates public policy.C. Yes， based on the clear lack of any bargain.D. Yes， because Liz has promised something of value21. Reggie Rugg owns the Spartacus He-Male Hair Augmentation Emporiun，an enterprise dedicated to selling wigs and toupees and providing hair-weaving services to balding men. Reggie’s most outstanding employee is Hortense Herrseut. One day upon which business has been unusually brisk，Reggie tells Hortense，“You have done really good lately. If you can keep it up until Christmas，you will get a $500 bonus.” Reggie’s promise could be best characterized as：A. Valid consideration.B. An illusory promise.C. An output contract.D. A requirements contract22. Eddy Malestrom is a wholesale seller of home whirlpool baths and Vercingetorix Voorteckx is a retailer of the same. The conclude an agreement for the purchase of 100 whirlpool bath sets for delivery on May 5th. Eddy duly delivers 99 sets on May 5th conforming in all particulars to contract specifications：A. Vercingetorix may not reject Eddy’s performance because Eddy has substantially performed.B. Vercingetorix may not reject Eddy’s performance unless Eddy’s breach was intentional.C. Vercingetorix may reject Eddy’s performance based on Eddy’s material bre ach.D. Vercingetorix may reject Eddy’s performance because it was not precisely what their agreement demanded23.Andronicus， an international dog dealer， offers to pay Justinian，an professional dog breeder，$40，00 on August 12th to buy Justinian’s Tibetan mastiff “Gyastso”，to be delivered on July 12th that year. Justinian delivers the dog to Andronicus on July 12th. On August 1st， Andronicus repudiates. Justinian’s cause of action against Andronicus will accrue：A. Immediately on August 1st.B. Anytime between July 12th and August 12th.C. Either A and B.D. August 12th24.With regard to corporations：A. They may be held liable for crimes，just as individuals may be.B. They may never be held liable for crimes.C. They do not really exist，so they cannot be liable for crimes， only for torts.D. They may only be held liable for crimes if they are privately owned.25. A person may be found not guilty of committing a crime if that person：A. Is over the age of 18.B. Suffers from a mental disease and lacks substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his or her acts.C. Is voluntarily intoxicated.D. Made a mistake of law26. Negligence is：A. Forgetfulness.B. Willful and wanton misconduct.C. An intentional tort that can be brought for “wrongful birth” or for “wrongful death.”D. A tort that will impose liability for a breath of a duty that proximately causes an injury27. Immunity is：A. A statutory defense available only to sovereign governments.B. A possible defense to tort liability.C. The right of students in law school to participate in political demonstrations.D. The invulnerability of a trial court judge.28. Kriekor leases an apartment from Methuselah. In this situation， Methuselah is known as：A. The lessor.B. The lessee.C. The tenant.D. The debtor.29. The famous “swoosh” design on the side of NIKE sneakers is an example of：A. A copyright.B. A patent.C. A trademark.D. A trade secret30. When you see on a box of low-fat granola that the cereal has the “Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval”，you are looking at：A. A certification mark.B. A strong mark.C. A patent.D. A licensor31. Suppose that Jami invents and patents his new weeding machine， but never sells it. Louisa borrows the machine from Jami， pulls it apart， copies it， and then sells it. Louisa：A. Has done nothing wrong; competition is a part of our market economy.B. Has not infringed a patent because the product was not “in commerce.”C. Has infringed Jami’s patent rights.D. Has behaved immorally， but not illegally32. One of the ways to make use of another’s trademark，copyright， patent， or trade secret， while avoiding litigation，is to obtain：A. A cyber mark.B. A businessprocess patent.C. An easement. 地役权D. A license.附：法律英语证书考试大纲考试分试卷一和试卷二，各需三个小时完成。

法律英语模拟试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. Which of the following is NOT a legal document?A. ContractB. WillC. DeedD. Memo2. The term "pro se" refers to a person who represents themselves in a legal matter without the assistance of an attorney. What is the equivalent term in Latin?A. Per seB. Ex parteC. Pro seD. Ad hoc3. In legal terms, "res ipsa loquitur" means:A. The thing speaks for itself.B. The case is closed.C. The matter is settled.D. The evidence is clear.4. What is the term for a legal principle that allows a court to consider the facts of a case to determine the law?A. Stare decisisB. PrecedentC. Judicial noticeD. Fact-finding5. Which of the following is NOT a type of legal system?A. Common lawB. Civil lawC. Religious lawD. Equitable law6. The phrase "habeas corpus" is used to challenge:A. The legality of detention.B. The validity of a contract.C. The jurisdiction of a court.D. The admissibility of evidence.7. The term "actus reus" in criminal law refers to:A. The guilty mind.B. The guilty act.C. The motive for the crime.D. The opportunity for the crime.8. In the context of a legal dispute, "burden of proof" refers to:A. The responsibility to prove a claim or defense.B. The responsibility to pay legal fees.C. The responsibility to provide evidence.D. The responsibility to show up in court.9. "Caveat emptor" is a legal principle that means:A. Let the buyer beware.B. Let the seller beware.C. The contract is void.D. The transaction is complete.10. The term "precedent" in legal terms means:A. A legal principle or rule established in a previous legal case.B. A legal document that sets a standard.C. A legal agreement between parties.D. A legal decision that is final.二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. A legal document that outlines the terms and conditions of a sale is called a(n) ______.12. The legal principle that states that a person is innocent until proven guilty is known as ______.13. The term "eminent domain" refers to the power of the state to take private property for ______.14. In legal terms, "estoppel" is a principle that prevents a person from denying the truth of a previous ______.15. A "plea bargain" is an agreement in a criminal case where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a ______.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Define the term "due process" in the context of legal proceedings.17. Explain the concept of "joint and several liability" in the context of a legal claim.18. What is the purpose of a "cease and desist" letter in legal disputes?19. Describe the role of a "guardian ad litem" in a legal case involving a minor.四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）20. A company is being sued for copyright infringement. The company claims that they were not aware of the infringement and that it was an honest mistake. Discuss the possible defenses the company might raise and the likelihood of their success.21. A landlord is suing a tenant for unpaid rent. The tenant claims that the apartment was uninhabitable due to a leaking roof and poor heating. Analyze the tenant's potential defenses and the possible outcomes of the case.五、论述题（15分）22. Discuss the importance of understanding legal English in the context of international business transactions. Include examples of common legal terms and their implications in contracts.答案：一、选择题1-5: D C A D C6-10: A B B A A二、填空题11. Contract12. Presumption of innocence13. public use14. representation15. reduced sentence三、简答题16. Due process refers to the fundamental, constitutionalright of all individuals to receive fair treatment by the justice system. It includes the right to notice, the right to be heard, and the right to a fair and impartial tribunal. 17. Joint and several liability means that in a legal claim, each party responsible for the harm caused can be held liable for the entire amount of the damages, regardless of their individual contribution to the harm.18. A cease and desist letter is a formal warning sent by one party to another, demanding that the recipient stop an。

LEC法律英语证书考试模拟题+答案解析1.Donald is the plant manager for the local sneaker manufacturing plant of Disneak,Inc.The child labor laws in this jurisdiction provide,“It is a violation of the law for anyone to employ a person under17years of age for full-time labor.”Donald, unaware of the law and believing the Disneak’s policy was to rely on a youthful workforce,hired several16-year-olds to work at the plant full time.He did not ask their ages and they did not disclose them.Had Donald chosen to discover their ages he could have done so by asking for identification.If the statute is interpreted to create strict liability,Donald is most likely:A.Not guilty,because Disneak,not Donald,is the employer of the children.B.Guilty,because he should have inquired as to the ages of the children.C.Not guilty,because he believed he was following company policy and was unaware of the law.D.Guilty,because he hired the children.2.UnconscionabilityA.Contract negotiations usually made when a person is drunk or unconscious.B.Doctrine that allows courts to protect the weaker party in a contract.C.Unjust enrichment.D.A confession of judgment,such as the admission of debt by debtor.3.Smith owns a house,and agrees to lease it to Jones.The lease states that it willcommence on July4,2004,but provides no termination date.Rent reserved is $1,000per month.How can the tenant or the landlord terminate the lease?A.Either party can terminate by giving the other party one-month’s notice.B.Either party can terminate at the end of the one-year lease term.C.The tenant may terminate the lease at any time.D.The landlord may terminate the lease at any time.4.In which of the following cases is specific performance most likely to beavailable?A.For the sale of land.B.For construction of a large shopping mall.C.For the painting of a portrait.D.For the sale of goods.5.Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights have been incorporated?I.The Free Speech Clause II.The Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause III.The Excessive Fines Clause IV.The Takings ClauseA.I,II,III and IV.B.I and II only.C.I,II and IV only.D.II only.6.The reason behind a decision is called the_______.A.res ipsa loquiturB.obiter dictaC.de factoD.ratio decidendi7.Unilateral ContractA.A contract for the sale of only a single item or service.B.An unenforceable contract.C.A contract where there is no"meeting of the minds".D.A contract which one party promises to do or refrain from doingsomething in return for actual performance by the other party.8.Which of the following is the correct answer for the excuses for nonperformanceunder a contract?A.impossibilitymercial impracticabilityC.frustrationD.all of the above9.Leslie,Kelly,and Blair wanted to form a business.Which of the followingbusiness entities does not require the filing of organization document with the state?A.Limited partnership.B.Joint venture.C.Limited liability company.D.Subchapter S corporation.A Subchapter S corporation is a corporation,which meets the requirements for and has made a proper election to be taxed under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code.10.Smith leases Tanacre to Jones.The ten-year lease has the following expressprovision:“the premises must be used for residential purposes as an apartment building”.By year eight,the entire surrounding neighborhood has become commercial,and Jones is unable to find residential tenants.Jones asks Smith if he convert the building into a hotel.Smith refuses,and threatens to terminate the lease,and sue for the rent for the remaining term.What would be Jones’s best argument in defense?A.Impossibility of performance.mercial frustration.C.Breach of the implied warranty of suitability.D.Breach of the implied warranty of habitability.11.Smith,an amateur photographer who occasionally sells his travel photos to friendswho frame them,recently returned from an“Around the World in80days Cruise”.He immediately went to his local camera store to get his dozen roles of film developed,and printed.The clerk gave him a receipt for the film.A week later, Smith returned to the camera store,but the clerk was unable to find prints,the negatives or the exposed film.What legal relationship was created between Smith and camera store?A.Trust.B.Bailment.C.Gift.D.Conversion.12.At common law,what interest was created when Smith conveyed Tanacre to Jonesin the following manner:“to Jones forever”?A.A fee simple absolute.(to Jones and his heirs)B.A fee simple determinable.(use limitation)C.A life estate.D.A fee tail.(limitation to Jones and the heirs of her body)13.Due ProcessA.Procedures established only under the Administrative Procedure Act.B.The rights of non-citizens before immigration officers.C.The legal requirement that the state must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person.D.The principle that all persons are equal before the law.14.Banks conveys Tanacre as follows:“to Smith for life,then to his daughter Amyfor life,then to her children and their heirs”.Smith dies.What impact does that have on the state of the title?A.Amy’s life estate vests.B.Amy’s life estate becomes a present possessory interest.C.Amy takes Tanacre in fee simple absolute.D.None of the above.15.Plea BargainA.A meeting of the criminal minds.e of federal sentencing guidelines.C.A reduced court filing fee for filing pleadings.D.A defendant's agreement to plead guilty in exchange for a reduced charge or other special treatment.16.Smith conveys Tanacre“to Amy and her brother Boris with right of survivorship”.What estate is created?A.A joint tenancy.B.A tenancy by the entirety.C.A tenancy in common.D.Concurrent life estates,with reversion to Smith at the death of the first to die.17.What duty of care is owed to undiscovered trespassers?A.(Very high standard of care)Liable for slight negligence-If plaintiff is apassenger or guest.B.None-they can never recover on negligence claim againstlandowner/possessor.C.Reasonable cost of repair,or if property nearly destroyed the FMV(fairmarket value)at time of accident.D.At common law,completely barred plaintiff’s right to recovery,unless lastclear chance applies.18.Suppose after renting and living in the apartment for eight months,the airconditioner no longer functions.Room temperature hovers around90degrees.Tenants inform the landlord Smith Enterprises,but they fail to repair.Which of the following would Tenants have to prove to prevail?A.That the failure to fix the air conditioning was an obligation under the lease.B.That the lack of air conditioning rendered the premises unfit for human habitation.C.That Jones moved out in a reasonable time.D.All of the above19.Promissory EstoppelA.A failure to prosecute a civil or criminal action.B.Power to make an offer to the public in general rather than a specific individual.C.Equitable doctrine recognized as a substitute for consideration in some cases.D.Ability of an agent to bind a principal in matters beyond the scope of agency.20.All of the following statements are true regarding a partnership except__________.A.each partner's liability is limited to the amount he or she contributed to the partnership.B.partners pay personal income tax on their share of the partnership's income.C.if the partnership agreement does not specify otherwise,profits will be shared equally by the partners.D.a new partnership agreement is required whenever a new partner enters or leaves the partnership.21.Seller publishes a catalog listing prices for various office supplies.Buyer mails anorder for100boxes of paper clips at the catalog price.Seller ships the clips upon receiving the order.Ten days later,Seller sends an invoice to the Buyer,billing the Buyer according to the terms in the catalog.Which of the following is true?A.The catalog constitutes an offer.B.Buyer’s order was an offer.C.Seller’s shipment was an offer.D.Seller’s shipment was a rejection and counteroffer.22.A physician says to his patient,Gwen,“I guarantee you a100%good hand aftersurgery.”Gwen had suffered from a bad hand for years because of an injury.The physician had talked to Gwen over the course of several months,suggesting the surgery to her because it involved a kind of surgery of particular interest to the physician.Through his negligence,the physician makes the hand even worse after surgery that it was before.He is liableA.In tort.B.On an express contract.C.On an implied contract.D.All of the above.23.Joy and Todd reach an oral agreement about each of the following.Which of themis unenforceable?A.The sale of a new car.B.A lease of an apartment for9months.C.A six-month loan of$1000.D.None of the above.merce clauseA.The constitutional provision giving the U.S.Congress power to legislate over all matters that affect"interstate commerce."B.The recognized power of the U.S.Congress to legislate over matters that occur outside of the United States.C.The power of the President to regulate banks because of national economic and security considerations.D.The power of the President to regulate air traffic because of public safety issues.25.By letter dated February1,a farmer offers to deliver to buyer100tons of grain onApril15,for a price of$250per ton,payment to be made two weeks before delivery.Buyer accepts by letter dated February5.On March1,Seller sends Buyer a fax saying,“Due to labor action by agricultural workers,we may not be able to deliver until April22.”Buyer would be best advised toA.Send a letter to Seller stating that Seller is in breach and Buyer will not pay untilafter delivery.B.Telephone the Seller as soon as possible to notify Seller of possible damages.C.Send Seller a letter asking for an assurance that Seller will perform by the contract date.D.Wait and see what happens on the delivery date.26.ConsiderationA.Process of judicial deliberation before rendering a decision in a contested caseB.Early attention given to contract negotiating strategiesC.Something of value given by one party in return for the promises of the other party to the contractD.Reliance27.Which of the following statements is correct regarding both debt and commonshares of a corporation?mon shares represent an ownership interest in the corporation,but debt holders do not have an ownership interest.mon shareholders and debt holders have an ownership interest in the corporation.mon shares typically have a fixed maturity date,but debt does not.mon shares have a higher priority on liquidation than debt.28.Intentional infliction of emotional distress(IIED)A.A cause of action that allows for recovery after a person is insulted.B.The grief a child will bring upon his parents,C.A tort claim for intentional conduct that results in extreme emotional distress.D.Striking another person intentionally.29.Which of the following statements concerning corporation is NOT corrrect?A.A shareholder is not liable for any corporate obligation personally guaranteed.B.The shareholder’s liability for the corporation’s debts does not extend beyond the amount of their investment.C.Under certain circumstances a shareholder may be personally liable.D.The shareholders have limited liabilities for the corporation’s debt.30.Philip was an epileptic.Philip loved to drive his automobile.Although Philip wastold by several physicians that he was subject to,and would have,epileptic seizures he nevertheless continued to drive his automobile.Two weeks ago Philip left the shopping mall and was on his way home when he suffered an epileptic seizure.His car careened into a hamburger stand and killed six people.Eight others were wounded.Philip may properly be convicted ofA.murderB.felony murderC.voluntary manslaughterD.involuntary manslaughter31.Sandy and Wendy are neighbors in an apartment building.Sandy hates Wendybecause she learns that Wendy,a single woman,is having an affair with her husband.One day Sandy found that Wendy and her husband went together to the cinema.She flew into a rage.She waited outside Wendy’s house and,when Wendy and her husband kissed goodbye,she rushed out and struck three quick blows to Wendy’s head with a crescent wrench.Wendy dies before the ambulance arrives.Sandy may properly be convicted ofA.murderB.felony murderC.voluntary manslaughterD.involuntary manslaughter32.Owen and Willa make a contract in which Willa is to work for two weeks,andOwen is to pay her at the end of the second week.A.Payment and doing the work are concurrent conditions.B.Payment is a condition precedent.C.Payment is a condition subsequent.D.Doing the work is a condition precedent.33.Andrew throws a baseball towards Barry,with whom he is playing pitch and catch.Andrew’s aim is bad and the ball hits Cassandra,who is walking nearby.A.Andrew has committed battery against Cassandra because his intention to hit Barry with the ball is transferred to CassandraB.Andrew has not committed battery against Cassandra because he did not intend to harm herC.Andrew has committed battery against Cassandra because he intended to throw the ball,which hit herD.Andrew has not committed battery against Cassandra because the contact he intended to make with Barry was not tortious because Barry consented to it34.Smith,a second-hand book dealer,purchased a used four-volume set ofBlackstone’s Commentaries from Jones for$200.Jones inherited the book from his Uncle John.Inside the book,he came across a War Bond made out in the name of Ulysses Wescott,Sergeant,U.S.Army Quartermaster Corp.,with a face value of$100.The date of maturity is January1,1950.Even though the bond has matured a half-century ago,the ernment continues to be obligated to pay $100.Smith finds out that the value of the bond to collectors is$5,000.To whom should the bond be awarded?A.SmithB.JonesC.Wescott if he is alive;his heirs if he is notD.The ernment.35.In considering the differences and similarities between state courts and federalcourts,A.only state court judges are appointed for life.B.states judges and federal judges are both appointed by the executive branch.C.both types of courts have the power of judicial review.D.only the federal court system has a court of last resort.36.Diversity JurisdictionA.The contemporary requirement that a jury should be comprised of persons of different national backgrounds in order to reflect the diversity of society.B.The jurisdiction in a federal court when the parties are from different states and the amount in controversy exceeds$75,000.C.The power of the federal courts to hear"federal questions."D.The English translation of the French legal treatise,Diversitédes courts.37.Which of the following are considered to lack capacity to contract?A.minorsB.persons suffering from mental illnessC.intoxicated personsD.all of the above38.Which right(or rights)is(or are)NOT provided by the Supreme Court’s decisionin Miranda v.Arizona(1966)?A.The right to be informed that police must cut off questioning if the defendant asksfor a lawyer.B.The right to make one phone call to speak to a lawyer.C.The right for a lawyer to be able to make contact with an arrested person.D.All of the above.39.Mark received a citation for driving65in a50m.p.h.zone,punishable by a$250fine.Which could be a defense?A.He reasonably thought the speed limit was65m.p.h.B.His speedometer was broken.C.He just received a call from his wife informing him that a brush fire had started near his home.D.Both A and B.40.Which of the following is least likely to serve as the underlying felony in aprosecution for felony murder?A.ManslaughterB.ArsonC.RapeD.Burglary41.A copyright is considered to be__________.A.propertyB.contractC.a copyD.an original42.Smith is the owner of5acres square tract of undeveloped rural land.Unbeknownst to Smith,Jane has used the property each summer as campsite during her month long vacation for the past25years.In1990,ten years after Jane entered on to the land,Smith entered the land and told her to get off his land, which she did.The next day he posted“No Trespassing”signs.Jane returned the following week,and continued her use for the period largely unmolested(not interfered with/disturbed)by Smith,though Smith occasionally entered the land in succeeding autumns.Has Jane fulfilled the requirements for adverse possession?Assume that the state has a twenty-year statute of limitations.A.No,Smith’s entry is no longer adverse.B.Yes,Smith’s entry is insufficient to interrupt the continuous requirement.C.No,Smith’s use of the land no longer renders her use exclusive.D.Yes,Smith’s use of the land is minimal and therefore her use remains exclusive.43.Mary is a defendant charged with the federal crime of violating federal postalregulations by sending out mail from her office with unauthorized“metered mail”markings.This federal crime is punishable by a maximum fine of$10,000or six months in jail.When Mary is arraigned she tells the federal judge that she is indigent,but the judge says,“I’m not planning to give you any jail time if you are convicted.This is a petty offense.So we don’t need to bother with a lawyer for you.”Mary is convicted and sentenced to pay a fine of$500.Mary appeals and because she is indigent,she receives an appointed lawyer on her federal appeal.Her lawyer argues that the trial judge’s actions violated Mary’s constitutional rights.Which of the following arguments WILL be made by Mary’s defense counsel on appeal?A.That Mary has a Due Process Fourteenth Amendment right to the appointment ofcounsel on a case-by-case basis,as long as she can show that she has special circumstances in her case that demonstrate her need for counsel.B.That Mary has a per se Due Process Fourteenth Amendment right to theappointment of counsel.C.That Mary has a Sixth Amendment right to the appointment of counsel because jailis an authorized penalty for the crime with which she is charged.D.That Mary has a per se Sixth Amendment right to the appointment of counsel.44.Which of the following will ordinarily support a legally binding contract?A.Past consideration.B.Moral consideration.C.Nominal consideration.D.None of the above.45.Trade secret protection is acquired when__________.A.the idea or information is createdB.permission is granted to use the secretC.the secret is written downD.the secret is videotaped46.As interpreted by the Supreme Court in Marbury,which of the followingstatements can be made about Art.III,Section2?A.The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is set by the Constitution; Congress can neither add to it nor subtract from it.B.Congress can add to the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction,but it can't subtract from it.C.Congress can subtract from the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction,but it can't add to it.D.Congress can make"any exceptions"to the Supreme Court's jurisdiction it desires.47.Prima facie cause of actionA.What a defendant must prove to establish liability for a cause of action.B.What a plaintiff must prove to establish liability for a cause of action.C.The first element of a tort that can bring rise to a cause of action.D.The instructions given to the jury at the close of trial.plaintA.Statement made to the professor about the temperature in the classroom.B.A document setting forth the basis of a claim and the relief sought.C.Another name for the"plaintiff."D.The instructions which a judge will give to the jury at the end of a civil trial.49.Leading questionA.A question that suggests its answer.B.The first in a series of questions.C.A dispute over dancing partners.D.An important public issue.50.HearsayA.Process of selecting a juryB.A type of evidence that is often excluded,unless it falls within an accepted category.C.Evidence that is not admissible in court under any circumstances.D.Evidence that is always admissible in court under all circumstances.51.Double-jeopardyA.Prohibition against being sued in civil court after being charged with a criminaloffense.B.Being placed on trial twice for the same offense by the same sovereign.C.Being unable to serve a summons.D.Insufficient evidence to bring before a grand jury.52.Preponderance of the EvidenceA.The burden of proving a fact"beyond a reasonable doubt."B.The burden of proving a fact with"substantial evidence."C.The burden of proving that the existence of a fact is more probable than itsnon-existence.D.The assumption that a fact is true for purposes of reviewing a motion to dismissfor failure to state a cause of action.53.Which of the following statements is the best definition of real property?A.Real property is only land.B.Real property is all tangible property including land.C.Real property is land and intangible property in realized form.D.Real property is land and everything permanently attached to it.54.Assume that you are a prosecutor and you are about to start jury selection in adeath penalty case in state court.You are worried that your case might not be given a fair hearing by a jury panel.The defendant is African-American and the victim was white.Given your experience you expect at least half of the prospective jurors to be African-American.In addition,you are trying the case in a county that has a good number of citizens who are against capital punishment.You anticipate that defense counsel will want to question all prospective jurors, especially those that are white,about racial biases.You are planning to object and hope to limit this line of questioning.Your objections will probably be:A.Overruled,because there are no limitations to voir dire in capital cases.B.Sustained,if race is not relevant to the case beyond the fact that the victim and defendant are of different races.C.Sustained,because the court has almost total discretion with regard to what to allow during the voir dire.D.Overruled,because in capital cases where the victim and defendants are ofdifferent races,the defendant has a constitutional right to ask prospective jurors about possible racial biases.55.A technique used by the court to establish whether there is a causal link betweenthe defendant's breach and the plaintiff's loss is called the:A.All of the aboveB.‘What if’testC.‘Cause’testD.‘But for’test56.Which of the following is most likely to be held void(as opposed to voidable)?An apparent agreement vitiated byA.infancyB.incapacityC.duress by forceD.A and C57.AcceptanceA.An exception to a general rule of contract lawB.A counteroffer that changes the terms made by the offerorC.Surrender to the terms of the offerorD.A manifestation of assent by the offeree to be bound to the terms of the offeror58.Directed verdictA.A ruling by the judge upon finding that the evidence so favors one party that it is not even necessary for the jury to make a decision.B.A judgment against the directors of a corporation.C.A wrongful verdict by a jury.D.A large monetary award for the plaintiff.59.Finest Product Company and Great Goods,Inc.,use the mark“Good Housekeep”to certify their own products.Finest and Great are not in business together and do not own the mark.The mark is________.A.collective markB.certification markC.service markD.trade dress60.Alberto likes mushrooms.He buys the book The Encyclopaedia of Mushroomsand goes mushroom hunting,relying on the descriptions in the book.He picks, cooks and eats some wild mushrooms,which turn out to be poisonous.Alberto gets acute food poisoning.He sues the publisher of the encyclopaedia.Which of the following most accurately states the likely outcome?A.The publisher is not liable because the information in the book is not a “product”for the purposes of strict liability.B.The publisher is not liable because it could not reasonably have expected that readers would fall ill as a result of relying on the information in the bookC.The publisher is strictly liable because the information in the book was a defective product.D.The publisher is strictly liable because the book is a product and the book caused Alberto harm.61.The Penal Code of the state provides that:“A person is guilty of burglary if,withpurpose to commit a crime therein,the person enters a building or occupied structure that the person is not licensed,privileged,or invited to enter.”If Robin were charged with burglary as defined in the statute,which of the following would be his best argument for acquittal?A.There was no breaking.B.He had consent of the owner.C.He reasonably believed he was entering his own house.D.he found the window unlocked.62.Assuming Bob committed arson,which of the following is the best evidence thatDarrin aided and abetted that arson?A.Darrin was reckless with respect to Bob’s intentions.B.Darrin gave Bob his lighter.C.Darrin did nothing to stop Bob once he suspected his purpose.D.Bob trusted Darrin not to try to stop him.63.Alan is an invitee on Paul's land.Therefore,Paul owes Alan a duty__________A.to exercise reasonable care to protect him against dangerous on-premisesconditions that Paul knows about,or reasonably should know aboutB.only to warn him of dangerous on-premises conditions that he is not likely todiscoverC.only not to willfully and wantonly injure him on the propertyD.None of the above64.Which of the following are excuses for nonperformance under a contract?A.Impossibilitymercial impracticabilityC.frustration of ventureD.all of the above65.Which of the following is not a defense to a negligence claim?A.contributory negligenceparative negligencest clear chanceD.assumption of risk66.Under which of the following situations does strict liability apply?A.keeping naturally dangerous wild animalsB.manufacture or sale of defective and unreasonably dangerous productsC.both A and BD.Neither A and B67.Which of the following statements regarding trial courts is false?A.Cases involving significant dollar amounts usually begin at the trial court level.B.Trial courts keep detailed records of their proceedings.C.Determination of the applicable law is the trial judge's responsibility.D.The trial court's fact-finding function is always handled by the jury.68.Which of the following constitutional provisions apply against state governments?I.The privilege against self-incrimination.II.The right to a jury in most civil trials.III.The right to be free of double jeopardy.IV.The right not to be tried for a criminal offense in the absence of an indictment.A.I and III only.B.III only.C.I,III and IV only.D.I,II,III and IV.69.Which of the following might be protected by trademark law?A.Product or container shapesB.ColorsC.SoundsD.All of the above70.Marry works in a doughnut shop.Her supervisor accuses her of stealing from thetill and asks her to accompany him to his office at the back of the shop for questioning.Martin does so and remains in the office for half an hour.She says she felt compelled to do so in order to clear her name.She later brings an action alleging false imprisonment.Which of the following most accurately describes the proper result?A.Marry was falsely imprisoned because she was not free to leave.B.Marry was falsely imprisoned because she felt compelled to stay.C.Marry was not falsely imprisoned because moral compulsion to stay isinsufficient without some physical compulsion(or threat of it).D.Marry was not falsely imprisoned because she entered the office voluntarily.71.Victor administers poisonous drug to Mary to cause miscarriage.It is found that。

考取剑桥证书的官方样题原文题目：Sample Questions for Cambridge Certificate Examination Part 1 - ReadingRead the text below and answer the questions.Text: The Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageLearning a second language has numerous benefits. Not only does it broaden your cultural horizons, but it also enhances your cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that being bilingual improves memory, problem-solving skills, and even multitasking capabilities. Additionally, learning a second language can lead to better career prospects, as many employers value employees who can communicate effectively in multiple languages.Question 1: What are the benefits of learning a second language?Question 2: How does being bilingual improve cognitive abilities?Question 3: How can learning a second language be advantageous for one's career?Part 2 - WritingWrite a letter of recommendation for a colleague who is applying for a job abroad.[Your Address][City, State, ZIP Code][Email Address][Date][Recipient's Address][City, State, ZIP Code]Dear [Recipient's Name],I am writing this letter to highly recommend my colleague, [Colleague's Name], for the position they are applying for in your esteemed organization. Having had the pleasure of working alongside [Colleague's Name] for the past [number of years], I can confidently say that they are an exceptional professional who would be a valuable asset to your team.[Colleague's Name] possesses an exemplary work ethic and consistently demonstrates a high level of dedication and commitment. They are highly skilled in their field, always striving for excellence in everything they do. Moreover, [Colleague's Name] has an innate ability to effectively collaborate with colleagues and clients, which has greatly benefitted our organization's projects and relationships.Furthermore, [Colleague's Name] has a proven track record of successfully completing projects on time and within budget. Their outstanding problem-solving skills and attention to detail enable them to identify and address potential issues proactively, ensuring smooth project execution. [Colleague's Name]'s excellent communication skills, both written and verbal, have also contributed to their success in managing cross-functional teams and client relationships.In addition to their professional qualifications, [Colleague's Name] is a person of integrity and possesses strong leadership qualities. They are notonly highly respected by their peers but also known for their ability to motivate and inspire others. [Colleague's Name] consistently demonstrates a positive attitude and remains calm under pressure, making them an invaluable team member during challenging times.Having considered all of these factors, I have no doubt that [Colleague's Name] would thrive in the role they are applying for. [Colleague's Name] has my highest recommendation, and I am confident they will make a significant contribution to your organization, just as they have done for ours.Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information or have any questions. Thank you for considering [Colleague's Name] for this opportunity.Yours sincerely,[Your Name][Your Title/Position][Company/Organization Name][Contact Number]Part 3 - ListeningListen to the following conversation and answer the questions.Conversation:Person A: Are you planning to attend the conference next week?Person B: Yes, I have already registered for it. How about you?Person A: I haven't signed up yet, but I'm considering it. Do you know if there will be any guest speakers?Person B: Yes, there will be several industry experts sharing their insights during the keynote sessions. It's going to be quite informative.Person A: That sounds interesting. I should definitely register before it's too late.。

法律英语证书（LEC）考试试题库法律英语试题库说明:法律英语试题库共分两部分～第一部分为普通法律英语部分～侧重对一般法律英语知识的相关词汇、语篇阅读分析能力、法律翻译能力掌握情况的考察。

第二部分为涉外法律英语部分～侧重对涉外法律知识的相关词汇、语法、涉外法律文书及其法律翻译能力的考察。

Part One:普通法律英语部分I(Match each of the following numbered definitions with the correct term in the list below, Write the letter of your choice in the answer column.Exercise 1A. defendant F. adjudicateB. allegation G. reviewC. case law H. plaintiffD. law I. Common LawE. statutory law J. Jurist( )1. Judicial re examination of the proceedings of a court or other body; a reconsideration by the same court or body of its former decision. ( )2. Rules of conduct applicable to all people and enforceable in court.( )3. To decide a matter by legal means; for example, court, mediation, arbitration.( )4. The party being sued or tried in either civil or criminal action. ( )5. The major source of law in the U. S. A. or the U K; based on old English Law.( )w established by Congress, stare legislatures or any other law making bodies.( )7.A person who has a substantial knowledge of law and who has written extensively on legal matters; for example, judges, professors, and so on. ( )8. The party who initiates an action at law (law suit). ( )9. Law based on court decisions.( )10. A statement or charge made in a pleading which one intends to prove by legal evidence.Exercise 21A executive branch F devolutionB. federal G. defamationC. legislation H. legislative branchD. confederation I. allegationE. judicial branch J. constitution. Laws or written rules which are passed by Parliament and ( )11 implemented by the courts.( )12. The government department that is responsible for determining the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions, andadjudicating rights and duties of others involved in disputes. It interprets and applies the Law.( )13.A written document defining fundamental legal principle for governance of the people. It may include grants of power and limitations of power.( )14.Passing of power to govern or to make decisions from a central authority to a local authority.( )15.The government department that is responsible for carryinglaws into effect.( )16.Group of independent states or organizations working together for common aims.( )17.The government department that is responsible for enacting statutory laws.( )18.Refers to the U. S government and its activities. The United States is a federation of 50 sovereign states.( )19.In pleading, an assertion of fact; the statement of the issue which the contributing party is prepared to prove.( )20.False statement, either oral or written, which tends to injure the reputation of the victim. It may be civil as well as criminal.Exercise 3A(separate property F. adulteryB(bigamy G. beneficiaryC(custody H. separationD(heir I. necessariesE(nonsupport J. guardian( )21. A situation in which parties are not living together but otherwise have legal duties of husband and wife.( )22. The care and possession of minor children of a marriageduring a divorce proceeding and after divorce is final.( )23. Property owned By either spouse before marriage or acquired during marriage by gift or inheritance.2( )24. A person appointed by the court to supervise and take care of another.( )25. Failure to contribute money, in accordance with one's ability, to the maintenance of a parent as required by law.( )26. Goods and services ordinarily required by and appropriate toan incompetent person's station in life, yet not available or providedby parent or guardian.( )27. The crime of being married to two or more persons at the same time.( )28. Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone otherthan the offender's spouse.( )29. Anyone who has a legal right to inherit the property of another. ( )30. Anyone who benefits under the terms of a will.Exercise 4A. proprietor F. dividendsB. limited partner G. general partnerC. dissolution H. proxyD. quorum I. liquidationE. merger J. subsidiary( )31. A person who conducts the business of a partnership and has unlimited Liability.( )32. A person who is the sole owner of a business.( )33. A company owned (by a majority of shares or interest) and controlled by another company.( )34. A combination of two or more corporations whereby one remains a legal entity and the other is absorbed.( )35. A person who invests capital and shares in the profits of the partnership but whose liability and share of profits are limited by the amount invested.( )36. The sale and/or distribution of the assets of a business to settle its accounts with creditor and/or stockholders.( )37. The termination of the existence of a legal entity, such as a partnership or a corporation.( )38. A portion of corporate profits divided among the share-holders, in cash and/or stock.( )39. The number of members who must be present at a meeting for business to be transacted; a majority.( )40. The authorization for another to act for a shareholder at a meeting; also, the paper granting the authority.II. Choose the right word from the list given below for each blank. Change the form of the word if necessary. (15’)3Exercise 1Institution foundation startprovision statute knowcode experience jurisdictionstill-survive judicature advocateas exercise regardWe are about to pass into a world governed by _41__; and a few words will not be out of place as to the way in which codes are__42_in the countries where they form the __43__of the national law. In the first place a code is supposed, in theory at least, to provide a fresh__44_in all those parts of the law with which it deals. It is not conceived as resting upon a presupposed and__45_common law, but as standing upon its own foundations, _46__does, for example with us, a__47_introducing a novel principle, such as Workmen's Compensation. We shall not find in a continental code such language as that used in the Supreme Courtof_48__Act, 1925, where the jurisdiction of the High Court is defined as including "the _49___which was formerly vested in, or capable ofbeing__50_ by, all or any of the courts following ..." It was the intention of the authors of the French Civil Code that it should be interpreted only in the light of its own__51_and definitions. One of theearly commentators, Bugnet, said: “know nothing of civil law; I only teach the Code Napoleon."A very short__52_, however, was enough to show that this idea was impossible of realization. The judges and _53__, to say nothing of the not less important legal authors, whose task it was to expound and to apply the new Code, could not have done their work had they not been familiar with the old technical terms it adopted, and with the_54__which in substance it reproduced. Whatever pretence they might make of looking only to the text of the Code, they could not empty their minds of a large body of relevant professional knowledge, _55__ of something which we may, without great error, call the common law of France -- or atleast the common law of Paris.Exercise 2disputes justice pursuitprocedure plaintiff rootsprocedural reliance meansadversary jurisdictions claimsjudgment parties opposingIn all jurisdictions there is general agreement that the goal ofcivil _56_ is the just, prompt, and inexpensive determination of _57_ before the courts. There is similar agreement that _58_ of this goal requires4that the law of procedure provides some _59_ for performing each of the following basic functions: notifying the defendant that the _60_ is bringing suit, informing each party of the _61_ and contentions of the other, determining the nature of the dispute and the issues between the _62_, ascertaining the facts, deciding which principles of law govern the case, applying the law to the facts to reach a _63_, giving the judgment effect in some practical way, and having the official actions of lower courts checked by higher courts. With very few exceptions, the differences that exist in the _64_laws of the various_65_ are only differences with respect to the means chosen to perform one or more of these functions. In addition, American rules of procedure, with the exception of those in effect in Louisiana, have their _66_ in the early English common law. Consequently, most differences are not differences in kind; they are differences in the degree of evolution from early common law concepts. Finally, in all of our jurisdictions much _67_ is placed on the assumption that if each of the_68_ parties takes the steps and advances the propositions that appear to him or her to best serve his or her own cause, truth and _69_ will emerge. Because of this characteristic, our system is often referred to as the _70_ system.Exercise 3for court celebratinglater patted rejecteddrunk her withprison searched ofprosecutor declaring bothOne evening police officers saw a man and woman running down a street. The police __71__ them. The woman had a bag of money in her hand and a bulge in __72__jacket. They patted her down and found a gun. Then they __73__ down her companion; they found nothing. They took __74__ to the station, booked them and arrested them for armed robbery. Back on patrol __75__ that night they saw a group of rowdy college students__76__ a football victory. The group was in a quiet neighborhood. The two officers told the youths to “keep quiet”. Still later, they saw a __77__ stumbleand fell down; they took him to a nearby shelter.A few days later, a __78__ charged the two armed robbery suspects__79__ robbery, according to the state's criminal code. The woman went to __80__ ;the jury acquitted her because the only eyewitness died__81__ a heart attack the morning of the trial. After charging her companion, the prosecutor offered the male suspect a “deal.” In exchange __82__a plea of guilty, the prosecutor would reduce the charge to simple theft and ask the judge for a sentence to a newly instituted home confinement program instead of to prison. The man accepted the deal and pleaded guilty,5but the judge __83__ the request for home confinement. She sentenced the man to __84__ for two years. Because of good behavior and a courtorder __85__ the overcrowded prison to be in violation of the Constitution, prison officials released the man after six months, judging that he wouldnot seriously endanger the community.III. Vocabulary and StructureA. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.(8 points)86. strategy a) a legally registered design naming the originaldesigner as owner of the design87. tedious b) the name of a product or sometimes the name ofa company88. brief e) a memorable sentence used to advertise aproduct89. brand d) not very interesting and often repetitive90. e) tell someone about something, usually inshareholder connection with work91. slogan f) an owner of shares in a business92. spam g) junk mail93. patent h) a general plan intended to achieve somethingover a period of timeB. Complete the following sentences, using the appropriate phrasal verbs from the box below. Remember to put the verbs in the correct form. You should refer to the company structure of ABM plc for questions 1-3.(7 points)report to take off set up see to consist ofturn off do without put to go through694. ABM plc ______ four departments.95. Helen Grey ______ to the Personnel Manager.96. John Ross _______ the Maintenance Section.97. _______ the gas before you inspect the back of the cooker. 98. After inheriting a lot of money he decided to ______ his own business.99. I would like to _______ the sales figures with you and find out where the mistakes are.100. We really can't ________ his expert knowledge. Well have to reschedule the meeting to suit him.(三)Choose a word from the box for each space in the Exercise below. Remember to put the words in the correct form.manage post reference to arrangereach enclose require private moreoverstudy enable would particularly available46 Potters LaneWaltonLeicestershire23 April 2002 Mr Peter SellersDirector Human ResourcesCarney and Denham Consultants72 Cromwell RoadNottingham NT7 9GHDear Mr SellersWith 101 to your advertisement in the Independent on 21 April, I would like to apply for the 102 of Project Manager with your company.I am 35 years old and 1 have considerable experience in engineeringin both the public and 103 sector managing overseas construction projects. 104 , I have recently completed a course on Management and Communication and I am currently 105 for an MA degree in Engineering Management. This experience bas 106 me to develop the necessary leadership and Communication skills to 107 multidisciplinedconstruction teams. I am 108 interested in the position you are offering as I 109 like to become more involved with building refurbishment projects.I would be grateful if you could 110 an interview as soon aspossible as I am going abroad next month. I can Be 111 at the above address. I am 112 to start work from I June. Please find 113 my CV.Please do not hesitate to contact me if you 114 any furtherinformation.I look forward 115 heating from you.Yours sincerelyAnne ALexanderAnne Alexander (Ms)8IV. Read the materials and answer the following questions:Exercise 11. Read the following text and answer questions 116-120.Sometimes you might be asked to go to a selection or assessment centre. This is an extended interview which is made up of a series of group activities, rests and presentations. You will be assessed throughout the day by assessors who will be looking to see how well you work in a ream, whether your communication skills are good and whether you can work to deadlines. Team work is important. You don't do yourself any favors by trying to take over the group, but at the same time, don't sit back and let everyone else do the work.Don’t panic if you're asked to do a presentation on something you don't know much about as the way you give the presentation is often more important than the content itself. You should practice beforehand so you know how long the presentation takes. The best advice on dealing with a selection centre is to give it your best shot. If you sit timidly in the corner, the assessor cannot make any judgment about you.When you take a personality test, which is designed to find outabout your personality and character, what your values are and what motivates you, don't worry about answering questions incorrectly thereis usually no right or wrong answers. Answer the questions honestly and positively. There is no point in trying to give the answers you think the employer will want because firstly you might have the wrong ideaabout what the employer is looking for, and secondly, you don't want 1o gel tile job and spend the ensuing months trying to be someone whoyou're not. 116. What is the Exercise mainly concerned with?9117. How should you behave during the day at the selection centre? 118. How should applicants approach giving presentations?119. Does it matter if you answer questions incorrectly in a personality test? Why?120. What does the author say about lying in a personality test?Exercise 2Despite the attention paid within advertising agencies to the whole business targeting specific groups, there have been some spectacular failures to get it right when companies have tried to go international or global with their products. This has been for a variety of reasons. Sometimes, the brand name of the product has unfortunate associations when translated into foreign languages. Looking at this area can illustrate how powerful the operation of connotation is --the way in which words can call up associations in our minds. Because of the way we make connections between words and particular ideas, feeling and experiences, brand names are crucial for advertisers. They are very economic, acting as little concentrated capsules of meaning. Where advertisers get it right, readers will do the work to generate all the intended connotations.There are whole companies who specialize in offering research onbrand-name connotations to product manufacturers looking for a name fora new product, or looking at how best to market an existing product to new, foreign audiences. These companies—for example Inter-brand, and The Brand-naming Company typically organize brainstorming sessions where they ask groups of people to let their imaginations ‘roam free’, from which meetings they arrive at shortlists of names whosesuitability is then researched further. Names on the shortlists have to pass certain10tests: for example, that they are not too close to existing names; that they are pronounceable in all the world's major languages; thatthey have the right connotations. The latter, however, is a complex area. Even within one language, connotations can be about quite subtle distinctions. For example, when Pickfords Travel merged with Hogg Robinson two years ago, the shortlist for the new company had two main contenders: 'Destinations' ,arid 'Going Places'. The new company chose the latter, deciding that 'destinations' tended to suggest long haul flights to farflung places travel for the privileged. 'Going Places', on the other hand, was thought to describe all sorts of travel andtherefore be more suitable for the mass market, which was the company’s target.2. Mark statements 121-125 True or False according to theinformation provided in the text above.121. This Exercise is mainly about how to choose names for companies wishing to go global.122. Good names make the right connection between words and ideas. 123. ‘Going Places' is used as an example to show how hard it is to choose a name for a company.124. ‘Destinations' is likely to appeal to wealthy travelers. 125. One technique brand name consultants often use is to invite people to freely suggest any names on their mind.Exercise 3Material 1: Jurisprudence: An Overview11The word jurisprudence derives from the Latin term jurisprudentia, which means "the study, knowledge, or science of law." In the United States jurisprudence commonly means the philosophy of law. Legal philosophy has many aspects, but four of them are the most common. Thefirst and the most prevalent form of jurisprudence seeks to analyze, explain, classify, and criticize entire bodies of law. Law school textbooks and legal encyclopedias represent this type of scholarship.The second type of jurisprudence compares and contrasts law with other fields of knowledge such as literature, economics, religion, and thesocial sciences. The third type of jurisprudence seeks to reveal the historical, moral, and cultural basis of a particular legal concept. The fourth body of jurisprudence focuses on finding the answer to such abstract questions as what is law? How do judges (properly) decide cases?Apart from different types of jurisprudence, different schools of jurisprudence exist. Formalism, or conceptualism, treats law like math or science. Formalists believe that a judge identifies the relevantlegal principles, applies them to the facts of a case, and logically deduces a rule that will govern the outcome of the dispute. In contrast, proponents of legal realism believe that most cases before courts present hard questions that judges must resolve by balancing the interests of the parties and ultimately drawing an arbitrary line on one side of the dispute. This line, realists maintain, is drawn according to the political, economic, and psychological inclinations of the judge. Some legal realists even believe that a judge is able to shape the outcome of the case based on personal biases.Apart from the realist-formalist dichotomy, there is the classic debate over the appropriate sources of law between positivist andnatural12law schools of thought. Positivists argue that there is no connection between law and morality and the only sources of law are rules that have been expressly enacted by a governmental entity or court of law. Naturalists, or proponents of natural law, insist that the rules enacted by government are not the only sources of law. They argue that moral philosophy; religion, human reason and individual conscience are also integrating parts of the law.There are no bright lines between different schools of jurisprudence. The legal philosophy of a particular legal scholar may consist of a combination of strains from many schools of legal thought. Some scholars think that it is more appropriate to think about jurisprudence as a continuum.The above-mentioned schools of legal thoughts are only part of a diverse jurisprudential picture of the United States. Other prominent schools of legal thought exist. Critical legal studies, feminist jurisprudence, law and economics, utilitarianism, and legal pragmatism are but a few of them.Material 2: Legal PhilosophyJurisprudence is the philosophy of law and of the legal system.There are many ways of classifying legal philosophy or jurisprudence. The four major schools of thought are natural law, positive law, sociological jurisprudence and legal realism.The natural law school of thought feels that the legal system should model the relationships found in nature and believe in the innate goodness of man.13The natural law school of thought began during the fifth century B.C. and states that there exists a sense of what is just and right in nature separate and distinct from the rules that may be developed by a state.Aristotle asserted that law existed in nature and could beascertained by man's exercise of his power to reason. The Stoic schoolelaborated on and expanded on the ideas of Aristotle in the thirdcentury B.C. Duringgentium (the law of nations) was the Roman period the concept of jus similar to the earlier Greek natural law theories.St. Thomas Aquinas combined the Greek and Roman schools of thoughtinto a Christian view that God reveals natural law to man through man's ability to reason. John Locke argued that man had a "bundle" of rights, only some of which he surrendered to the state in order to live in an organized society. According to Locke, the individual retained the remaining rights in the bundle. This view is recognized in the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.Beginning with the nineteenth century, there was a move away from reliance on natural law toward the concept of positive law. Natural law takes the position that law is based on fundamental truths. Thisposition is more a statement of faith than an assertion of fact. The advocates of positive law (sometimes called legal positivism oranalytical jurisprudence) believe that law should be more scientific and less reliant on blind faith. Thus, positive law deals with axioms and attempts to develop a legal system based on logic rather than on beliefs.Legal positivism originally developed in Europe. The legalpositivists believe that there is no law unless and until laid down by a sovereign. (The sovereign can be either a person or an institution. ) Asa result, positive law can be distinguished from morality because morality does not come from the sovereign, while law is, or at least should be, handed down by the sovereign. There are four basic components of legal positivism:1. Law consists of rules.2. Law is different from morals.3. The sovereign establishes the rules.4. Legal rules carry sanctions.Legal positivism is best exemplified in the views of Hans Kelsen andH. L. A. Hart. Kelsen was born in Austria in 1881 and served on the law14faculties of many European universities before immigrating to the United States in 1940. Kelsen viewed the law as being self-supporting and not dependent on any external values. He said, "A norm becomes a legal norm only because it has been constituted in a particular fashion, born of a definite procedure and definite rule. Law is valid only as positive law, that is, statute (constituted) law". In Kelsen's view, therefore, all the actions of any given government are valid so long as those actions are recognized as valid by statute within that country. Hart, on the other hand, expands this somewhat narrow view. Hart rays that the law must treat all like cases alike. He argues that legal positivism stands for the proposition that law does not necessarily have to relate to morality. To Hart, rules of law are more important than the process of how courts decide cases.The natural law proponents seem to have a "justification by faith" approach to jurisprudence. The advocates of legal realism have a seemingly coldhearted rationalism that rests on the effects of the law, with little apparent concern for what the law should be. A third school of legal thought adopts a position somewhat between these two previous schools of thought. This third school --sociological jurisprudence -- is concerned with the effects of law, but it is also concerned with the justifications and reasons that underlie the enactment of the law. Its supporters observe, analyze, and justify both the justifications for the law and the effects of the law by applying the modern tools of psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Proponents of sociological jurisprudence believe that a law must be properly justified and have an appropriate effect in the society, based on the societal values andgoals of the given populace.The American legal philosophy can best be described as legal realism. Legal realism can be viewed as being on the opposite end of thepolitical spectrum from legal positivism. Legal realism has its roots in natural law, but it tries to take the "human element" into account, rather than relying on the innate nature of the universe as ajustification or explanation for the legal system. Natural law consists of four basic elements:1、 Law is based on the nature of man.2. Legal rights can be discovered by the exercise of reason.3. Law is constant.4. Legal principles must be just and fight.Legal realists have a somewhat more open view of the law, feeling that law reflects what "is" and not what it "ought" to be. Accordingly, legal realism can be viewed as consisting of two parts:1. The law is a social process, not a body of "rules".152. Law is what legal decision makers actually do about the statutes and rules.Legal realists concentrate on natural law than on rules. Legalrealists believe that law is based on the nature of man, but they also recognize that law is a social process based on logic, so thatlegal rules need to be just and fight.Each of the four schools has strong proponents and each has strong opponents. An application of each theory to the same set of facts leads to several different results. An understanding of the philosophy of law in any region allows one to understand the government of that region and basic attitudes commonly held by people within that region.Answer the questions according to the given materials:126. Is there any difference between jurisprudence and legal philosophy?Why?127. How many schools of jurisprudence as you know? What?are the main legal ideas of the natural legal school? 128. What129. What are the main legal ideas of the positive legal school?。

法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试样题试卷一本题为单项选择题，限时180分钟。

1. Bill of Rightsa. Domestic federal legislation.b. Legal protection against interference of rights by private individuals.c. A popular name given to the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.d. The federal constitutional provision which grants rights to state governments.2. Standinga. Abbreviation of “notwithstanding”b. The ability to bring a lawsuit because of a party’s actual injury for which the court can provide aremedy.c. The ripeness of a case or controversy.d. The status of a person, group, or organization appearing as a “friend of the court.”3. Considerationa. Process of judicial deliberation before rendering a decision in a contested case.b. The lengthy recitals of “boilerplate” language appearing in many contracts.c. The inducement to enter a contract, and a necessary element to prove the validity of a contract.d. The detrimental reliance of an offeree.4. Promissory Estoppela. A failure to prosecute a civil or criminal action.b. Power to make an offer to the public rather than a specific individual.c. Equitable doctrine recognized as substitute for consideration in some cases.d. Ability of an agent to bind a principal in matters beyond the scope pf agency.5. Punitive Damagesa. Damages to compensate for injury .b. Civil damages meant to punish the wrongdoer for causing injury.c. “Nominal” or minimal damages.d. Non-monetary damages, such as an injunction (injunctive relief) or” specific injunction (injunctive relief) or “specific performance” of a contract obligation.6. When airplanes fly over your home, are your property rights violated?a. No, never.b. Normally, no, unless the flights are low and frequent.c. Yes, because you own all the air above your home, into outer space.d. Normally, no, based on your right to quiet use and enjoyment of the property.7. Venuea. The street or avenue where a courthouse can often be found.b. Diversity of citizenship.c. The dates of a trial.d. The location of a trial.8. Depositiona. A tool of discovery used before trial.b. Statements made by a witness on the witness stand during trial (also known as “trial testimony”).c. The position a defendant is placed in while waiting for a trial.d. The court’s resolution of a case.9. Generally speaking, a limited partnership may be dissolved by which of the following events or occurrences?a. By the filing of a certificate of limited partnership.b. By a relocation of the partnership.c. By the marriage of a limited partner.d. By the bankruptcy of a general partner.10. A corporation is a legal entity:a. created by the local government.b. created and recognized by an entrepreneurial agency.c. managed internally by the federal government.d. created and recognized by state law in most cases.11. Jurisdictiona. A geographic area, used primarily for determining eligibility to vote.b. The presence of a defendant in a state where he or she can be served with a summons or a subpoena.c. The power of the executive branch to enforce the judgments of the courts.d. The power and authority of a court or other body to render judgment in a case.12.Paralegala. A secondary source of law.b. A lawyer’s assistant.c. One who holds an advanced law degree.d. A law student.13. Kirby Construction Co. in preparing its bid for the construction a new hospital received a quotation of $120,000 from Kat’s Interiors Inc．who offered to do the kitchen work in the new hospital．This bid was $30，000 lower than Kirby’s next lowest bid for the kitchen work．As a result，Kirby lowered his bid by $20，000 before submitting it to the hospital board．After Kirby was awarded the construction bid，and had accepted Kat's offer, Kat’s president discovered that in his preparation of the quotation he had overlooked some subsidiary kitchen installments required by the plans．Immediately thereafter, Kat’s Interiors brings suit for rescission of the contract．They should(A)succeed，because of the unilateral mistake(B)not succeed，unless Kirby knew or should have known of Kat's error(C)succeed，because the mistake was an essential element of the bargain(D)not succeed，since the computation mistake was antecedent to acceptance of the bid14. In disputes over whether a partnership exists, which of the following is NOT considered to be an essential element?(A) An equal right in the management of the business.(B) The sharing of profits or losses.(C) The consultation on business strategy.(D) Joint ownership in the business.15. This jurisdiction makes suicide a crime. Jilly, a day trader, is despondent over a failed marriage and catastrophic financial losses during the recent 2,000 point drop in the Nasdaq stock exchange. Jilly went up to the roof of her fourth story apartmentbuilding and decided to jump off. She landed on top of two pedestrians, Alex and Jean Pietro, who cushioned her fall and saved her life. Unfortunately, Alex and Jean Pietro were seriously injured when Jilly crashed on top of them.Jilly is guilty of(A) battery(B) attempted murder(C) attempted manslaughter(D) reckless endangerment16. The Commonwealth of Delmarva has passed a law that provides that only residents of Delmarva who are citizens of the United States can own agricultural land in the state. Delp, a citizen of the United States who resides in the neighboring state of Agoura, has contracted with Barerra to purchase the latter’s farm which is located in Delmarva. Barrera, who is a resident of Delmarva, has been informed by his attorney that his sales agreement with Delp is null and void under state law.Which of the following is the best constitutional argument to contest the validity of the Delmarva statute?(A) The Contract Clause prohibition against a state from enacting any law that will impair the obligation of contracts.(B) The Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.(C) The Privileges and Immunities Clause under Article IV, Section 2.(D) The national property power provision under Article IV, Section 3.17. Alice is sitting on her front porch watching her husband Bruce，who is mowing the lawn．Carl，who hates Bruce but is a friend of Alice’s，whose presence is known to him，draws a pistol and threatens to kill Bruce．Alice，who is pregnant，Suffers severe emotional distress as a result of the trauma and soon afterwards has a miscarriage．In an action by Alice against Carl for mental anguish resulting in her miscarriage，Alice will(A)lose，because Carl did not know that Alice was pregnant(B)win，because it is highly probable that Carl’s extreme and outrageous conduct would cause emotional distress to Alice(C)lose，because Carl's actions were directed against Bruce，so only Bruce may recover for emotional distress(D)win，because she is Bruce's wife18. Clyde Cooch, a prominent judge, lived next door to Lester Biggs．Recently Judge Cooch had sentenced Lester Biggs' son, Dopey, to six months in prison on a narcotics charge．One afternoon while judge Cooch was mowing his lawn，Lester decided to avenge his son's conviction．Lester set up his water sprinkler behind some shrubbery separating their adjoining properties．As the judge was mowing his lawn and came within reach of the water sprinkler, Lester turned on the sprinkling device，and doused the judge with water．Judge Cooch would be able to recover against Lester for which of the followingtort(s)：(A) negligence(B) battery(C) assault and battery(D) battery and trespass19. Cassie and her four-year-old son，Noah，were Christmas shopping at F.A.O. Schwartz Toy Store in midtown Manhattan．F.A.O. Schwartz，which operates one of New York's largest retail toy stores，sells a complete array of toys，games，dolls，hobbies and crafts．The iterns were displayed on a variety of tables and shelves which were easily accessible to the customers．While Cassie was walking down one of theaisles，her attention became focused on a "Howdy Doody” doll that was prominently exhibited on an overhead display shelf．When Cassie approached the doll display, she reached up to grab the "Howdy Doody" doll．As she did so, Cassie failed to see a “Buffalo Bob” doll lying on the floor．She tripped over the doll and fell down, fracturing her hip．If Cassie asserts a claim against F.A.O. Schwartz for her injuries，will the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur be applicable on the issue of the toy store's liability?(A)Yes，because Cassie was a business invitee on the premises of the toy store．(B)Yes，because F.A.O. Schwarfz was in control of the premises at the time of the accident．(C)No, because the "Buffalo Bob" doll may have been dislodged by another customer．(D)No，unless the “Buffalo Bob” doll had been displayed on the edge of the shelf in a negligent manner by one of F.A.O. Schwartz's employees．20. Amos is the owner in fee simple of Blackacre. a 7-acre tract, on which he maintains a dwelling house for himself and his family．Adjoining Blackacre is Whiteacre，a 10-acre tract，owned by Andy．In order to gain access to the highway, Amos has an easement to cross over Whiteacre．Amos has recently purchased Greenacre，a 12-acre tract，which abuts Whiteacre but is not appurtenant to Blackacre. Amos has begun constructing a farmhouse on Greenacre and is using the existing easement (across Whiteacre) to gain access to the 12-acre tract．Amos has never received permission from Andy to use the road across Whiteacre to gain access to Greenacre．In an appropriate action by Andy to enjoin Amos from using the existing easement to gain access to Greenacre，the plaintiff will most likely(A)succeed，because Amos is making use of the servient tenement beyond the scope and extent of the easement as it was originally created(B)succeed，because Amos has no right to use the servient tenement in connection with a tract of land which is not part of the dominant tenement(C)not succeed，because Amos has an easement by necessity(D)not succeed，because Amos has a right to use the easement in a manner not inconsistent with the rights of the owner of the servient tenement试卷二本题包括翻译、写作两部分，共限时180分钟1 Translation(1)Please translate the following paragraph into English根据中国银监会的资料，截至2004年12月31日，中国境内共有12家持有全国性银行执照的股份制商业银行。

一、1.broke 2.diaper 3. available 4.bad-tempered 5.critical6.disorganized7.efficient8.generous9.level-headea 10.impatient 11.moody 12.punctual 13.reliable 14.novelist15.accountant二、1.door-to-door salesperson 2.check out the baby products3. an assistant entertainment director on a cruise ship4 .teach others how to do things5. can’t stand making mistakes6.mind talking on a cell phone7. good at solving others people’s problems8. commuting by bicycle 9.hate sitting in long meetings10. manage my time 11.make phone callsanize your desk 13.buy groceries14. type student school reports15.worked as a reporter for the school newspaper16.strict with us 17. iron your clothes18.work in the stock market19.enjoy writing different kinds of articles20. make decisions quickly 21.terrible under pressure22. have a terrible memory23. I’m terrible with numbers 24.love creative writing25. flight attendant 26.can speak at least one other languages三、1. Do you see anything good listed on the Internet?2. It says here you have to work every day while the ship is at sea.3. He doesn’t mind working long hours on the cruise ship.4. Would you mind working long hours if the pay is good?5. Please check the names and numbers out again.6. He is always trying to solving other people’s problems.7. Betty is busying ironing her clothes.8. Would mind organizing your desk.9. I can’t stand commuting by bicycle.10. I’d like to be a novelist because I love creative writing.11.I could never be an accountant because I’m terrible with numbers.12. I don’t want to be a teacher because I’m so impatient.13. My boss is bad –tempered, he is very moody.14. Mary is very hardworking; she works ten hours a day.15. When I was in college, I worked as a reporter for the school newspaper.。

ILEC证书简介ILEC证书，即剑桥国际法律英语证书（International Legal English Certificate）由剑桥大学考试委员会ESOL（English for Speakers of Other Languages）考试部与欧洲主要的律师语言学家协会（Translegal）共同研发的一种职业英语证书。

于2006年5月全球推出。

剑桥ESOL是世界知名的考试机构，“雅思”（IELTS）和剑桥商务英语（BEC）考试的研发者。

该证书现已被欧洲公司律师公会、欧洲法律专业学生协会、国际青年律师公会及欧洲青年律师公会认可。

ILEC为从事法律行业的人士或法律专业的大学生与研究生提供职业生涯发展和提升的助力。

考察目的在于：1.测试考生在国际法律领域运用英语的能力2.使考生得以向雇主展示其运用英语与客户及同事进行交流的能力3.使考生得以向教育和培训机构展示其有能力跟上主要以英语讲解的法律课程4.使考试用户得以比较考生的成绩及与欧洲语言联合委员会等级相关的其他资质。

ILEC证书报名条件剑桥法律英语国际证书对申请人无条件限制，该证书适用于法律领域的在职人员与相关专业在校大学生，国内报名费用为1200元。

ILEC证书考试时间2010 ILEC考试时间为了方便日益增多的ILEC考试学员灵活安排考试时间，自2010年开始，剑桥国际法律英语证书ILEC每月举办一次，具体时间为：星期六，2010年1月23日星期三，2010年2月24日星期六，2010年3月20日星期六，2010年4月24日星期六，2010年5月15日星期五，2010年6月11日星期六，2010年7月10日星期六，2010年8月14日星期六，2010年9月18日星期三，2010年10月20日星期六，2010年11月13日星期五，2010年12月10日考生可根据具体情况安排自己的复习计划，并选择合适的时间参加考试。

目前，ILEC 可在中国的上海、北京、广州、深圳、南京、青岛等地参加考试。

国外英语考试：2021剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）真题模拟及答案(6)1、The writer says that companies should be able to organize their move without external help.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B2、What is the main consideration when deciding to invest in shares?（单选题）A. How much you pay for the shares.B. How quickly you can make a profit.C. How willing you are to take risks.D. How financially secure you are.试题答案：C3、What is the most useful advice for new investors?（单选题）A. The best time to invest in shares.B. The most suitable type of investment.C. The cheapest way to buy shares.D. The safest companies to invest in.试题答案：B4、Which of the following statements is not true?（单选题）A. Henry Ford influenced our lives.B. Henry Ford influenced historians.C. Henry Ford influenced all manufacturing.试题答案：B5、It can be inferred from the passage that the writer suggests companies should （单选题）A. attract the more profitable customers.B. pay equal attention to all the customers.C. increase the investments in customer loyalty.D. focus only on loyal customers.试题答案：A6、Many investors buy and sell shares via the internet because it is ______（单选题）A. far cheaperB. much easierC. more excitingD. a lot safer试题答案：A7、Please inform the supervisor if this photocopier runs out of ink.The supervisor（单选题）A. needs to know if there is no ink in the photocopier.B. should repair the photocopier if it prints badly.C. will tell you how to load the photocopier with ink.试题答案：A8、Compared with other promotional methods, personal selling is more ______（单选题）A. reliableB. communicative and directC. believableD. dissuasive试题答案：B9、According to the fourth paragraph, the discovery of some experts disapproves the belief that loyal customers（单选题）A. recommend the products to other people.B. are sensitive to the price of the product.C. need less service provided by a company.D. contribute more to the image of a company.试题答案：C10、By mentioning “fringe benefit”, the author refers to______.（单选题）A. a part-time jobB. social welfareC. an additional advantage given besides wagesD. a full-time job试题答案：C11、According to the writer, what does every business, regardless of its size, make effort to achieve nowadays?（单选题）A. Get people to buy their products.B. Design and produce new products.C. Make their prices more competitive.D. Better the quality of their present products.试题答案：A12、What is true according to the first paragraph?（单选题）A. CFOs’ hard work leads to their increasing chances of promotion.B. CFOs usually have no experience in management.C. Marketing directors no longer have the chance to get a top position.D. Chief executives used to be promoted mainly from the marketing department.试题答案：D13、Why does the author mention the book and magazine budgets of individual developers in Para 1?（单选题）A. To demonstrate that budgets for software developers training are necessary.B. To demonstrate that book and magazine budgets are important to software developers.C. To demonstrate that software development is an information-intense effort.D. To show it is a mistake.试题答案：A14、According to the fourth paragraph, the discovery of some experts disapproves the belief that loyal customers（单选题）A. recommend the products to other people.B. are sensitive to the price of the product.C. need less service provided by a company.D. contribute more to the image of a company.试题答案：C15、We can learn from the passage that the hamburger described as a quarter of a pound is ______ a quarter of pound after being cooked.（单选题）A. heavier thanB. reallyC. lighter thanD. slightly heavier than试题答案：A16、A discount of 2 percent is offered for payment within l0 days, and l percent for payment within 20 days.（单选题）A. Customers will save more money if they pay within l0 days.B. No discount is provided for a payment within l 5 days.C. Customers will not save any money by paying immediately after purchasing.试题答案：A17、We are looking for a Principal Economist, who as well as advising managers and board members on environmental economic policy matters, will develop policy relating to cost benefit analysis at the upcoming review and beyond.（单选题）A. The Principal Economist will become a board member.B. The Principal Economist will deal with environmental matters.C. The Principal Economist’s major responsibility is to make certain policy.试题答案：C18、A large supply of spare parts is very expensive, so a company ______.（单选题）A. will try to keep as many as it canB. will try to keep as low as it canC. will try to make them all by itselfD. will try to deliver it quickly试题答案：B19、Which statement concerning teams is true?（单选题）A. Nowadays teamwork is a popular concept.B. All the companies put great emphasis on teams.C. A good team involves close supervision of the team leader.D. There’s nothing in common between a team and a group.试题答案：A20、This year’s special help for the disabled has concentrated on（单选题）A. improving their securityB. providing them with training programmesC. research into their illnesses试题答案：A21、To find and solve problems in time, it is important for companies to（单选题）A. persuade employees who oppose the change.B. avoid two-way communication.C. learn of quick responses of employees.D. explain the changes in detail.试题答案：C22、What would help customers know better about your business when doing business with them?（单选题）A. Inviting them to kinds of exhibitions related.B. Showing them the price list of your products.C. Asking them to find out the subtle differences between you and the competitors.D. Giving them a catalogue of all the products or services your business provides.试题答案：D23、New machines are often more economical than old machines.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：A24、According to the second paragraph, many people are involved in the job to generate customer loyalty besides（单选题）A. producers.B. suppliers.C. salespeople.D. vendors.试题答案：C25、The company（单选题）A. only pays into projects that the staff choose.B. is keen for staff to help the local community.C. expects staff to support only local projects.试题答案：B26、According to the passage, which technique is not used by advertisers to get our attention?（单选题）A. A product may be filmed or photographed to make it appear better.B. A product may be presented as “unique”, “supreme”C. A product may claim to be “new” or “improved”.D. A product may be sold at a discount.试题答案：D27、We are looking for a Principal Economist, who as well as advising managers and board members on environmental economic policy matters, will develop policy relating to cost benefit analysis at the upcoming review and beyond.（单选题）A. The Principal Economist will become a board member.B. The Principal Economist will deal with environmental matters.C. The Principal Economist’s major responsibility is to make certain policy.试题答案：C28、According to the author, the creatives moved into new roles to（单选题）A. get their final say.B. develop their new careers.C. be involved in a more active way.D. experience the new way of advertising.试题答案：A29、Sacha Taylor-Cox’s main job is PR Work.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B30、New machines are often more economical than old machines.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：A31、From the passage we see that the major function of advertising is to ______（单选题）A. use different media vehicles to popularize products.B. help marketing realize its objectives.C. arouse consumer’s interest in products.D. reach different customers.试题答案：B32、Charles Zhang predicts that ______ Chinese people will be on line by 2000.（单选题）A. 4 millionB. 20 millionC. 2 millionD. 25 million试题答案：B33、Investors can reduce risks and still make good profits by（单选题）A. investing only in blue chip companies.B. monitoring share prices very closely.C. buying shares gradually over time.D. choosing a variety of investment.试题答案：D34、According to the text, success or failure of advertising is judged by ______（单选题）A. the number of products sold.B. increase of a product’s market share.C. the improvement of communication and consumers’ attitude toward products.D. increase of retail outlets.试题答案：C35、The company（单选题）A. only pays into projects that the staff choose.B. is keen for staff to help the local community.C. expects staff to support only local projects.试题答案：B36、All people do several jobs at the same time simply because they want to challenge themselves.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：C37、Please read these instructions carefully before using the photocopier.（单选题）A. Do not copy anything until you have read the instructions.B. Take an extra copy of the instructions before reading them.C. Do not allow anyone to photocopy the instructions.试题答案：A38、CleanGreens! can remove the residues in fresh salad mixes.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B39、What does the passage mainly discuss?（单选题）A. Rules and regulations of advertising.B. Learning how to spot advertising puffs.C. Advertisements.D. The agency regulating the content of advertisements.试题答案：B40、Just-in-time inventory control system（单选题）A. is adopted in most modern industries.B. is adopted only in very small company.C. is adopted only by some people.D. is adopted long long time ago.试题答案：A41、What is the most useful advice for new investors?（单选题）A. the best time to invest in sharesB. the most suitable type of investmentC. the cheapest way to buy sharesD. the safest companies to invest in试题答案：B42、Which of the following is NOT the reason for investing money in software developer training?（单选题）A. There are huge numbers of technology and skills in modern society.B. It takes a short period to introduce a new technology.C. The serviceable period of a new skill is quite short in modern society.D. Technology develops quickly.试题答案：B43、The biggest change mentioned in the first paragraph is that（单选题）A. the advertising center moved to the west states.B. Madison Avenue agencies lost their leading positions in advertising.C. the agencies of the industry no longer lies in the Madison Avenue.D. the creatives get more and more working pressures.试题答案：B44、Program Cost$7,100 (2007)(covers tuition, all program materials, and some meals)Special pricing available to companies sponsoring three or more participants.A company may be given a discount if they provide（单选题）A. money for the program.B. money for at least three of their own employees.C. a special price.试题答案：B45、For Question 1, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. The passage suggests which of the following about gender in Western culture?（多选题）A. Most, if not all, members of modern Western civilization consider themselves either male or female.B. Contemporary Western civilization does not believe in the concept of hijra.C. The idea of male／female binary gender is not generally considered the norm of contemporary Western civilization.试题答案：A,C46、Why do some companies design their business cards in full color?（单选题）A. To keep up with the trend.B. To make the cards look fancy.C. To distinguish themselves from others.D. To vividly demonstrate the corporate culture.试题答案：C47、In this passage puffs can include all of the following except ______.（单选题）A. advertisements that contain the seller’s opinion onlyB. advertisements that connect an unrelated quality to a productC. advertisements that compare the advertised product with other productsD. advertisements that seem to be facts but not exactly so试题答案：C48、Jane, I’d like to meet, on Tuesday, but if my plane’s delayed I’ll see you at, Friday’s meeting.John（单选题）A. John has to postpone his meeting until Friday.B. John will be late for his meeting on Tuesday.C. John hopes to see Jane on Tuesday.试题答案：C49、If you are a ‘lifer’, ______（单选题）A. you take less time to make it to the top.B. you have a long list of previous jobs.C. you tend to move less far up in the company.D. you keep changing your job all your life.试题答案：A50、CleanGreens! will make food healthier.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：C51、The cost of returning goods by post is refunded in full.（单选题）A. Full refunds on returned goods are posted immediately.B. If you return goods, you should write to us first.C. We will pay the full cost of posting goods back to us.试题答案：C52、To LetLovely one—bedroom fiat in a popular suburb of city.Supermarket, library and subway all in walking distance.Instant occupation.Which sentence describes the flat?（单选题）A. you can move in right now.B. It is in a city center.C. There is no underground near the fiat.试题答案：A53、During the drastic changes, what is the more serious challenge poor leadership must face?（单选题）A. Employees feel reluctant to accept the changes.B. Employees show indifference to the changes.C. Employees despair of the competence of leaders.D. Employees look down upon the leaders.试题答案：C54、Jane, I’d like to meet, on Tuesday, but if my plane’s delayed I’ll see you at, Friday’s meeting.John（单选题）A. John has to postpone his meeting until Friday.B. John will be late for his meeting on Tuesday.C. John hopes to see Jane on Tuesday.试题答案：C55、The reviewer finds the information about customer service very useful because（单选题）A. his company doesn’t have enough staff to provide good customer service.B. the sales in his company is decreasing gradually.C. the customers’ complaints are on the rise.试题答案：A56、What does the writer think of the financial markets in the U.S.?（单选题）A. A difficult one.B. An unsuccessful one.C. A highly plex and efficient one.试题答案：C57、What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?（单选题）A. It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B. The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C. They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.D. They could learn from the organisational skills of managers in large companies.试题答案：A58、What does the writer say the members of the KITE organisation provide?（单选题）A. Advice on how to select suitable staff.B. A means of contacting potential clients.C. A simple checklist for analysing problems.D. Direct experience of a number of industries.试题答案：D59、By mentioning “fringe benefit”, the author refers to______.（单选题）A. a part-time jobB. social welfareC. an additional advantage given besides wagesD. a full-time job试题答案：C60、The Schools Prom concert is for children from（单选题）A. poor parts of the countryB. London onlyC. all over the country试题答案：C61、Which of the following inferences may be drawn from the discussion of Lu Yu’s work?（单选题）A. Before A. D. 800, it was largely unknown how to cultivate tea.B. Some people even today drink tea for reasons other than its physical benefits.C. Drinking tea was primarily a Zen Buddhist practice until the late 700s.D. The Classic of Tea is one of the earliest works of Chinese origin that is concerned with agriculture.E. Lu Yu was interested in popularizing tea in countries other than China.试题答案：B62、Many investors buy and sell shares via the internet because it is ______（单选题）A. far cheaperB. much easierC. more excitingD. a lot safer试题答案：A63、There are still residues in pre-washed, prepackaged products.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：A64、Why do some companies design their business cards in full color?（单选题）A. To keep up with the trend.B. To make the cards look fancy.C. To distinguish themselves from others.D. To vividly demonstrate the corporate culture.试题答案：C65、In the past year ￡4,000,000 was spent on（单选题）A. looking after old peopleB. all the company projectsC. education and training试题答案：B66、CleanGreens! will make food healthier.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：C67、Just-in-time inventory control system ______.（单选题）A. is adopted in most modem industriesB. is adopted only in very small companyC. is adopted only by some peopleD. is adopted long long time ago试题答案：A68、A large supply of spare parts is very expensive, so a company（单选题）A. will try to keep as many as it can.B. will try to keep as low as it can.C. will try to make them all by itself.D. will try to deliver it quickly.试题答案：B69、MRK Consulting Ltd has been operating in the global market since 1988. We have successfully placed hundreds of IT & Banking professionals in leading companies in the Finance, Banking and IT industries.（单选题）A. MRK is a leading company in Finance and IT Industries.B. There are many IT and Banking talents working with MRK.C. MRK has helped many people found good jobs.试题答案：C70、Sacha Taylor-Cox’s works in a charity radio station.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B71、CleanGreens! can remove the residues in fresh salad mixes.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B72、Senior managers have the best views on how to save money.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B73、The changes will be put a temporary end when（单选题）A. employees recognize them and reposition themselves.B. employees can overcome the difficulties they meet.C. employees have barriers removed and workplace improved.D. employees have faith in the development of the future.试题答案：A74、The biggest change mentioned in the first paragraph is that（单选题）A. the advertising center moved to the west states.B. Madison Avenue agencies lost their leading positions in advertising.C. the agencies of the industry no longer lies in the Madison Avenue.D. the creatives get more and more working pressures.试题答案：B75、The writer mentioned “slaughterhouses” because these were the places in which（单选题）A. Ford’s assembly line originated.B. he innovated the assembly line.C. he innovated the disassembly line.试题答案：A76、Which of the following is not expressed in the text?（单选题）A. Short answers limit your chances of creating a positive impression.B. All over the world, candidates are expected to wear a suit to a job interview.C. Showing interest in a company may increase your chances of being offered a job.D. Interviewers can “read between the lines” (that is, they can understand more about us than we say).试题答案：B77、The researchers at 5P need to be people who（单选题）A. feel relaxed about their work.B. have an individual approach to problems.C. are academically gifted.D. are willing to stay with the company for a long time.试题答案：B78、To lead a change in an organization, a leader should（单选题）A. behave in a reliable and determinant way.B. gather enough information and financial support.C. reform the organization and reallocate the resources.D. work under the pressure and be healthy.试题答案：A79、The main reason why GMs require a lot of information is ______.（单选题）A. in order to be able to tell people what to doB. because their environment is always changingC. to enable them to be flexibleD. to help their bosses make decisions试题答案：D80、What does the writer say the members of the KITE organisation provide?（单选题）A. Advice on how to select suitable staff.B. A means of contacting potential clients.C. A simple checklist for analysing problems.D. Direct experience of a number of industries.试题答案：D81、According to the article, the minimum planning time for an office move should be a year.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：A82、From the passage we see that the major function of advertising is to ______（单选题）A. use different media vehicles to popularize products.B. help marketing realize its objectives.C. arouse consumer’s interest in products.D. reach different customers.试题答案：B83、The writer says that a bad relationship with your boss may result in all of the following except（单选题）A. less favors from your boss.B. the loss of your job.C. a dent in your reputation.D. the loss of your opportunities for promotion.试题答案：B84、During the interview（单选题）A. you may need to think carefully about how to answer questions.B. some tricky questions concern the personal life of the candidate.C. the interviewee must put him or herself in the best light.D. you should not talk about your rights.试题答案：B85、In a planned economy it was often difficult to secure spare parts,（单选题）A. so many companies manufacture them all by themselves.B. so many companies have to stop the production lines while waiting.C. so many companies place large orders for emergencies.D. so many companies feel quite headache about this problem.试题答案：C86、Because of increased attendance, the meeting will be in the Conference Hall, not room 204.（单选题）A. There is not enough space in the Conference Hall.B. Room 204 isn’t big enough for the meeting.C. Some people will not be able to attend the meeting.试题答案：B87、CleanGreens! can remove the residues in fresh salad mixes.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B88、All planes make their first flight at St Cloud.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B89、What does the writer think of the financial markets in the U.S.?（单选题）A. A difficult one.B. An unsuccessful one.C. A highly plex and efficient one.试题答案：C90、If you are unable to attend, please let us know.（单选题）A. We are sorry that you can’t come.B. Tell as if you can’t come.C. Inform US if you’d like to come.试题答案：B91、A free transfer between terminals is available using Heathrow Express and Heathrow Connect trains.（单选题）A. Heathrow Airport provides free pick-up service.B. Heathrow Airport and local destinations are connected by free train services.C. Free train services connect the terminals of Heathrow Airport.试题答案：C92、In a planned economy it was often difficult to secure spare parts,（单选题）A. so many companies manufacture them all by themselves.B. so many companies have to stop the production lines while waiting.C. so many companies place large orders for emergencies.D. so many companies feel quite headache about this problem.试题答案：C93、The company plans to take over some other small companies in France.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：C94、What does the author mean by saying “tighten their belts” (Line 4, Para 1)?（单选题）A. Many organizations plan to reduce the book and magazine budgets.B. Many organizations plan to reduce the unnecessary expenditures.C. Many organizations encounter management crisis.D. Many bosses want to cut their belts short.试题答案：B95、Just-in-time inventory control system（单选题）A. is adopted in most modern industries.B. is adopted only in very small company.C. is adopted only by some people.D. is adopted long long time ago.试题答案：A96、The writer says that companies should be able to organize their move without external help.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B97、Compared with other promotional methods, personal selling is more ______（单选题）A. reliableB. communicative and directC. believableD. dissuasive试题答案：B98、The writer says the skills for communicating with your boss, which you desire to master will（单选题）A. pay you up when you are a boss.B. become indispensable when you are a boss.C. be no longer required when your are a boss.D. become rewarding when your are a boss.试题答案：D99、To ensure adequate supplies and smooth purchase is the main task for ______（单选题）A. order-take salespeopleB. creative salespeopleC. support salespersonsD. persuasive salespersons试题答案：A100、According to the passage, many of the “new”, “improved” products are______（单选题）A. quite different from the old productsB. almost the same with the former productsC. insignificant productsD. not important goods试题答案：B101、According to the author, all of the following are good ways for developer training EXCEPT______.（单选题）A. attending training coursesB. attending conferencesC. gaining new skills regularlyD. reading books and magazines试题答案：C102、The candidates should tell as much information as possible about his or her qualification.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B103、Investors can reduce risks and still make good profits by（单选题）A. investing only in blue chip companies.B. monitoring share prices very closely.C. buying shares gradually over time.D. choosing a variety of investment.试题答案：D104、Glendon provides a dark underside to Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis that saw rugged individualism as the essence of American society—an individualism that Glendon sees as ______ atomism.（多选题）A. antithetical towardB. skeptical ofC. degenerating intoD. aspiring toE. regressing toF. revitalized by试题答案：C,E105、Different from a work group, ______（单选题）A. a team includes a large group of people working together.B. members of a team are skilled employees.C. the leader of a team believes in team work.D. team members don’t communicate with the leader.试题答案：C106、What is the main problem when companies are dealing with the issue of benefits?（单选题）A. Increasing bills for US health care.B. Linking employee benefits to talent management.C. Competing with others in the talent market.D. Catering to the preferences of employees.试题答案：B107、GMs must have good relationships with each other in order to ______.（单选题）A. carry out policies uniformlyB. manage each other’s departmentsC. motivate junior managementD. find out the differences between departments试题答案：A108、Move Plan are experts at organizing both large and small moves.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：A109、What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses?（单选题）A. Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growth.B. Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.C. Being able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.D. Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.试题答案：C110、Retailers have the experience that consumers seem to（单选题）A. feel eager to buy discounted goods.B. be hungry for special kinds of goods.C. be interested in major department stores.试题答案：A111、FREE CATALOGUE WITH ALL ORDERS OVER $80（单选题）A. $80 should be paid if you want the catalogue.B. If you order more than eighty items，you can get a free catalogue.C. A catalogue will be given away if you spend more than$80.试题答案：C112、When you go to the interview, make sure that you（单选题）A. are over-confident.B. can make up your mind in four minutes.C. are dressed in suitable attire.D. do not arrive too early.试题答案：C113、According to the author, many of the promises made by the advertiser are______（单选题）A. trueB. reliableC. not trueD. emotive。

国外英语考试：2022剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）真题模拟及答案(6)1、Chinese government officials are worried about the ______ on the Internet.（单选题）A. number of peopleB. university studentsC. childrenD. Western content试题答案：D2、Today, owing to changing economic and social conditions, people tend to ______（单选题）A. become more interested in advertising.B. ignore advertisements.C. share the same view toward advertising.D. develop different opinions toward advertising.试题答案：D3、The Schools Prom concert is for children from（单选题）A. poor parts of the countryB. London onlyC. all over the country试题答案：C4、Compared with other promotional methods, personal selling is more ______（单选题）A. reliableB. communicative and directC. believableD. dissuasive试题答案：B5、What does the writer think of the financial markets in the U.S.?（单选题）A. A difficult one.B. An unsuccessful one.C. A highly plex and efficient one.试题答案：C6、When putting changes into practice, if emotions of employees draw all the attention,（单选题）A. employees will be grateful to leaders.B. the workplace will present a new appearance.C. leaders will be considered nice and easy-going.D. any change will never be carried out.试题答案：D7、Please read these instructions carefully before using the photocopier.（单选题）A. Do not copy anything until you have read the instructions.B. Take an extra copy of the instructions before reading them.C. Do not allow anyone to photocopy the instructions.试题答案：A8、“Image-making” advertisements try to ______.（单选题）A. exaggerate a product’s qualityB. overpraise a product’s qualityC. link an unrelated quality to a productD. make a true but exact statement of product试题答案：C9、The company plans to take over some other small companies in France.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：C10、According to the author, the creatives moved into new roles to（单选题）A. get their final say.B. develop their new careers.C. be involved in a more active way.D. experience the new way of advertising.试题答案：A11、Most companies believe there are fewer computer problems if the move happens Monday to Friday.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B12、The writer says that KITE groups are likely to succeed because（单选题）A. members are able to elect their leader.B. the leaders have received extensive training.C. members are encouraged to adopt a critical approach.D. information is not passed on to non-members.试题答案：D13、The book tells small business owners that（单选题）A. there will be many things that they couldn’t manage.B. they could get encouragement from the book.C. they should achieve their respective goals in various ways.试题答案：C14、The main role of following up is to ______（单选题）A. ask how the customer likes the productB. ensure customer satisfactionC. continue to persuade customers to buy the productsD. make further efforts to identify potential buyers试题答案：B15、What is true about European chief executives?（单选题）A. They are dynamic and harsh in management.B. They will be hard on others once they get to the top.C. They have less job security than their American counterparts.D. They work longer than their American counterparts. .试题答案：C16、According to the second paragraph, it is important for companies to（单选题）A. meet changing demands of employees.B. check benefits as closely as they do with other investments.C. put more emphasis on talent investments.D. cut back on the investments in benefits.试题答案：C17、According to the author, all of the following are good ways for developer training EXCEPT______.（单选题）A. attending training coursesB. attending conferencesC. gaining new skills regularlyD. reading books and magazines试题答案：C18、It didn’t take long for Henry Ford（单选题）A. to turn out a few hundred cars a year.B. to cut the production of his cars by 50％.C. to reduce the price of his cars to $260.试题答案：C19、According to the second paragraph, it is important for companies to（单选题）A. meet changing demands of employees.B. check benefits as closely as they do with other investments.C. put more emphasis on talent investments.D. cut back on the investments in benefits.试题答案：C20、According to the text, what is the challenge for pharmaceutical manufacturers?（单选题）A. developing new types of medicinesB. transporting medicines to other countriesC. ensuring a constant supply of medicines试题答案：C21、The author’s attitude towards advertising is______（单选题）A. overstatedB. favourableC. unfavourableD. emotional试题答案：C22、According to the passage, what are characterized by their centrally executed bids?（单选题）A. auction markets.B. over-the-counter markets.C. primary markets.试题答案：A23、She obtained a Diploma in Personnel Management in December.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B24、Mark Peter says it can be difficult for companies to be innovative because this involves（单选题）A. giving more power to the accountants.B. employing a lot of managers.C. being orderly and organized.D. being prepared to take risks.试题答案：D25、AHL Pharmaceuticals（单选题）A. manufactures medicinesB. puts drug companies in contact with customers.C. supplies medicines to customers.试题答案：C26、Compared with other promotional methods, personal selling is more ______（单选题）A. reliableB. communicative and directC. believableD. dissuasive试题答案：B27、According to the writer, you should not（单选题）A. flatter your boss.B. get too close to your boss.C. depend upon your boss too much.D. get involved in your boss’ mishaps to avoid getting your marching orders.试题答案：B28、The reviewer finds the information about customer service very useful because（单选题）A. his company doesn’t have enough staff to provide good customer service.B. the sales in his company is decreasing gradually.C. the customers’ complaints are on the rise.试题答案：A29、To: StevenFrom: EricThe publicity leaflets for the conference will not be back from the printers until next Monday 23 September.（单选题）A. We might have the leaflets before 23 September.B. We are sure to have the leaflets before 23 September.C. We won’t have the leaflets before 23 September.试题答案：C30、AHL Pharmaceuticals（单选题）A. manufactures medicinesB. puts drug companies in contact with customers.C. supplies medicines to customers.试题答案：C31、What does the passage mainly discuss?（单选题）A. Rules and regulations of advertising.B. Learning how to spot advertising puffs.C. Advertisements.D. The agency regulating the content of advertisements.试题答案：B32、When 5P has a new idea it tries to（单选题）A. sell it only in new markets.B. sell it in markets it already controls.C. think of different ways of exploiting it.D. keep it secret as long as possible.试题答案：C33、SPORT MASTERPakistan-based manufacturer of sports items wishing to do business in Europe is looking for importers.TEL: 976665432Sport master wants to （单选题）A. sell its products abroad.B. import products into Pakistan.C. manufacture in Europe.试题答案：A34、According to the writer, which of the following is not true about your boss?（单选题）A. He is the person who supervises you.B. He is the person setting the company’s goals.C. He can keep you informed of company direction concerned with your future.D. He can help you acquire support or cooperation from other departments.试题答案：B35、Which of the following is not expressed in the text?（单选题）A. Short answers limit your chances of creating a positive impression.B. All over the world, candidates are expected to wear a suit to a job interview.C. Showing interest in a company may increase your chances of being offered a job.D. Interviewers can “read between the lines” (that is, they can understand more about us than we say).试题答案：B36、Which parts of the book did the reviewer enjoy reading most?（单选题）A. The author’s experience in family business operation.B. The lists of helpful information offered by the author.C. The advice on skills in selling made by some business owners.试题答案：A37、Why do companies adopt just-in-time inventory system?（单选题）A. They try to keep their inventory of spare parts as low as possible.B. The can save lots of money.C. It’s a mere efficient method of operating.D. A, B. and C.试题答案：D38、Rents in Britain are quite low.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B39、The company plans to take over some other small companies in France.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：C40、“Image-making” advertisements try to ______.（单选题）A. exaggerate a product’s qualityB. overpraise a product’s qualityC. link an unrelated quality to a productD. make a true but exact statement of product试题答案：C41、Which of the following statements is not true?（单选题）A. Henry Ford influenced our lives.B. Henry Ford influenced historians.C. Henry Ford influenced all manufacturing.试题答案：B42、The reviewer decided to read the book because（单选题）A. one of his friends told him the book was excellent.B. he was sure he would get some useful advice.C. he thought he might collect some information for the meeting.试题答案：C43、The new software（单选题）A. can be used in many areas of the company’s business.B. will soon totally replace the need for paper documents.C. is delaying the expansion of the purchasing department.试题答案：A44、When preparing benefit changes, companies should（单选题）A. treat employees as customers.B. stress the benefits of the changes.C. talk employees into accepting the changes.D. act quickly according to the reactions of employees.试题答案：A45、Financial intermediaries are different from dealers because（单选题）A. the former buy and sell securities.B. the latter create securities.C. the former create securities.试题答案：C46、Which of the following statements is not true?（单选题）A. Henry Ford influenced our lives.B. Henry Ford influenced historians.C. Henry Ford influenced all manufacturing.试题答案：B47、Because of increased attendance, the meeting will be in the Conference Hall, not room 204.（单选题）A. There is not enough space in the Conference Hall.B. Room 204 isn’t big enough for the meeting.C. Some people will not be able to attend the meeting.试题答案：B48、During the drastic changes, what is the more serious challenge poor leadership must face?（单选题）A. Employees feel reluctant to accept the changes.B. Employees show indifference to the changes.C. Employees despair of the competence of leaders.D. Employees look down upon the leaders.试题答案：C49、Which item is Not included in the Windows Sound System microphone package?（单选题）A. The monitor.B. A holder.C. A mouse.试题答案：A50、Stephen Smith feels that（单选题）A. the security of information on the network used to be a worry.B. all the data should be stored on the same system.C. the company’s computer-based information is well-protected.试题答案：C51、Sacha Taylor-Cox’s main job is PR Work.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B52、HR department Annual Dinner Tickets on sale from tomorrow Advance purchase essential（单选题）A. The ticket for this event is free.B. You must have tickets for this event.C. Tickets are now on sale for this event.试题答案：B53、CleanGreens! will make food healthier.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：C54、The primary topic of the passage is which of the following?（单选题）A. The origin of bioluminescence in plankton predatorsB. The disadvantages of bioluminescence in microorganismsC. The varieties of marine bioluminescent life formsD. Symbiotic relationships between predators and their preyE. Hypotheses on the causes of bioluminescence in plankton试题答案：E55、During the interview（单选题）A. you may need to think carefully about how to answer questions.B. some tricky questions concern the personal life of the candidate.C. the interviewee must put him or herself in the best light.D. you should not talk about your rights.试题答案：B56、Inventory is an important part of the cost of doing business（单选题）A. just in the joined-venture companies.B. in any company.C. in state-owned companies.D. in private-owned companies.试题答案：B57、According to the text, more people are now buying shares because（单选题）A. more ethical investments are available.B. investors get a better rate of return.C. investment periods are more flexible.D. investors pay less tax on earnings.试题答案：B58、The changes will be put a temporary end when（单选题）A. employees recognize them and reposition themselves.B. employees can overcome the difficulties they meet.C. employees have barriers removed and workplace improved.D. employees have faith in the development of the future.试题答案：A59、According to the passage, dealers are different from brokers in that（单选题）A. dealers neither buy nor sell securities themselves.B. brokers neither buy nor sell securities themselves.C. all of the above.试题答案：B60、Sacha Taylor-Cox’s works in a charity radio station.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B61、The company is recruiting a part-time accounting officer.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B62、 Notice: Week commencing 7 JanuaryMarketing workshop 8 January postponed until further notice;All staff meeting on 9 January;Repairs to staff Canteen throughout January.What is happening this week?（单选题）A. A seminar.B. A meeting.C. A staff dinner.试题答案：B63、To find and solve problems in time, it is important for companies to（单选题）A. persuade employees who oppose the change.B. avoid two-way communication.C. learn of quick responses of employees.D. explain the changes in detail.试题答案：C64、What does the author mean by saying “tighten their belts” (Line 4, Para 1)?（单选题）A. Many organizations plan to reduce the book and magazine budgets.B. Many organizations plan to reduce the unnecessary expenditures.C. Many organizations encounter management crisis.D. Many bosses want to cut their belts short.试题答案：B65、PaymentAdvertising rates are specified in the Rate Card. Rates are quoted exclusive of Value Added Tax and any other applicable sales taxes.（单选题）A. Value Added Tax is included in sales taxes.B. Sales taxes are included in the rates.C. No taxes are included in the rates.试题答案：C66、PaymentAdvertising rates are specified in the Rate Card. Rates are quoted exclusive of Value Added Tax and any other applicable sales taxes.（单选题）A. Value Added Tax is included in sales taxes.B. Sales taxes are included in the rates.C. No taxes are included in the rates.试题答案：C67、By mentioning “fringe benefit”, the author refers to______.（单选题）A. a part-time jobB. social welfareC. an additional advantage given besides wagesD. a full-time job试题答案：C68、According to the research findings, the customers who will bring in more profit are those who（单选题）A. are regarded as loyal customers.B. happen to buy the products from a company.C. trust the quality of the products from a company.D. care little about prices of the products.试题答案：B69、Mark Peter says it can be difficult for companies to be innovative because this involves（单选题）A. giving more power to the accountants.B. employing a lot of managers.C. being orderly and organized.D. being prepared to take risks.试题答案：D70、The company is recruiting a part-time accounting officer.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B71、There are still residues in pre-washed, prepackaged products.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：A72、Compared with ads agencies, marketing communication agencies（单选题）A. provide a more diversified solution to promotion.B. are more suitable to the creatives to apply their talents.C. are the more responsive indicators to the market trend.D. are more profitable but sophisticated to manage.试题答案：B73、We are told that agenda-setting skills ______.（单选题）A. are more important than networking skillsB. help a manager develop networking skillsC. depend on having skills in dealing with peopleD. are the basis for interpersonal skills试题答案：C74、The relationship between marketing and advertising goals is that ______（单选题）A. the former is based on the latter.B. the latter has nothing to do with the former.C. the latter can easily replace the latter.D. the latter is based on but not the same as the former.试题答案：D75、According to the passage, which technique is not used by advertisers to get our attention?（单选题）A. A product may be filmed or photographed to make it appear better.B. A product may be presented as “unique”, “supreme”C. A product may claim to be “new” or “improved”.D. A product may be sold at a discount.试题答案：D76、Please place your keys in the box at reception when leaving the hotel.（单选题）A. Collect your keys from reception on arrival.B. Don’t forget to take your keys with you.C. Leave your keys behind when you go out.试题答案：C77、5P’ s approach to innovation is different because it allows researchers to（单选题）A. work for more than one company.B. work on a variety of products.C. work with groups in other organizations.D. work alone as well as in a team试题答案：D78、The writer suggests you find out（单选题）A. more about your boss’ life style.B. more about your boss’ way of being greeted.C. more about your boss’ open-door policy.D. more about your boss’ way of communication.试题答案：B79、We can learn from the passage that the hamburger described as a quarter of a pound is ______ a quarter of pound after being cooked.（单选题）A. heavier thanB. reallyC. lighter thanD. slightly heavier than试题答案：A80、Of these selling steps, which plays a more critical role in a successful sale?（单选题）A. Approaching.B. Prospecting.C. Presenting.D. Handling objections.试题答案：D81、The writer suggests you find out（单选题）A. more about your boss’ life style.B. more about your boss’ way of being greeted.C. more about your boss’ open-door policy.D. more about your boss’ way of communication.试题答案：B82、FREE CATALOGUE WITH ALL ORDERS OVER $80（单选题）A. $80 should be paid if you want the catalogue.B. If you order more than eighty items，you can get a free catalogue.C. A catalogue will be given away if you spend more than$80.试题答案：C83、FINANCE DEPARTMENT RELOCATIONFriday’s meeting is compulsory for all Finance staff, others welcome to attend for information.（单选题）A. The meeting is about something which affects only one department.B. Staff in all departments should attend the meeting.C. Finance will announce at the meeting which departments will relocate.试题答案：A84、According to the fourth paragraph, the discovery of some experts disapproves the belief that loyal customers（单选题）A. recommend the products to other people.B. are sensitive to the price of the product.C. need less service provided by a company.D. contribute more to the image of a company.试题答案：C85、What is the passage mainly about?（单选题）A. How to make a good advertisement?B. What is a good advertisement?C. Advertisements are not always true.D. Consumers should have confidence in advertisements.试题答案：C86、What does the passage mainly discuss?（单选题）A. Rules and regulations of advertising.B. Learning how to spot advertising puffs.C. Advertisements.D. The agency regulating the content of advertisements.试题答案：B87、The IT department is usually the first department to move.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：C88、The group is based in Paris.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：A89、According to the author, the creatives moved into new roles to（单选题）A. get their final say.B. develop their new careers.C. be involved in a more active way.D. experience the new way of advertising.试题答案：A90、The biggest change mentioned in the first paragraph is that（单选题）A. the advertising center moved to the west states.B. Madison Avenue agencies lost their leading positions in advertising.C. the agencies of the industry no longer lies in the Madison Avenue.D. the creatives get more and more working pressures.试题答案：B91、According to the text, to make the creatives play their roles, the employers should（单选题）A. encourage them to attract clients by means of fresh ideas.B. help them break the formulas.C. give more opportunities to develop their careers.D. change the nature of the industry with the times.试题答案：A92、The likely candidates will receive phone call from the company.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B93、She enjoys working at Carter’s Bank.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：C94、The applicants are required to have a bachelor’s degree.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：A95、Different from a work group, ______（单选题）A. a team includes a large group of people working together.B. members of a team are skilled employees.C. the leader of a team believes in team work.D. team members don’t communicate with the leader.试题答案：C96、According to the text, what is the challenge for pharmaceutical manufacturers?（单选题）A. developing new types of medicinesB. transporting medicines to other countriesC. ensuring a constant supply of medicines试题答案：C97、According to the passage, the key role of creative salespeople is to find ______（单选题）A. new prospectsB. potential customersC. new consumersD. potential markets试题答案：A98、According to the second paragraph, what has led to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?（单选题）A. Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independently.B. The requirements of big businesses have always taken priority.C. It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneurs.D. Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about their businesses.试题答案：B99、Please refer to page 57 for additional charges.You should turn to page 57（单选题）A. for more information about the product.B. to find out extra costs.C. to see about the conditions of possible discount.试题答案：B100、The writer says the skills for communicating with your boss, which you desire to master will（单选题）A. pay you up when you are a boss.B. become indispensable when you are a boss.C. be no longer required when your are a boss.D. become rewarding when your are a boss.试题答案：D101、Which item is Not included in the Windows Sound System microphone package?（单选题）A. The monitor.B. A holder.C. A mouse.试题答案：A102、Just-in-time inventory control system（单选题）A. is adopted in most modern industries.B. is adopted only in very small company.C. is adopted only by some people.D. is adopted long long time ago.试题答案：A103、Senior managers have the best views on how to save money.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：B104、The Title of the passage can be given as（单选题）A. How to Install the Windows Sound System Microphone.B. The Windows Sound System Microphone.C. Computer Hardware.试题答案：A105、The author states that（单选题）A. looking good does not give you an advantage.B. nervousness can put people off.C. interviewers mistake aggressiveness for assertiveness.D. smiling and eye contact are important.试题答案：D106、The main reason why GMs require a lot of information is ______.（单选题）A. in order to be able to tell people what to doB. because their environment is always changingC. to enable them to be flexibleD. to help their bosses make decisions试题答案：D107、To prepare yourself for the interview, the writer（单选题）A. tells you to visit the competitors.B. advises you to do research on the company.C. says that you ought to prepare questions beforehand.D. advises you to know little about the sector.试题答案：B108、All people do several jobs at the same time simply because they want to challenge themselves.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：C109、The candidates should tell as much information as possible about his or her qualification.（单选题）A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn’t say试题答案：B110、Which of the following alone can differentiate you from your competitors when handing a business card to customers?（单选题）A. The size of the card.B. The right color scheme.C. A unique design of the card.D. A friendlier logo of your company.试题答案：B111、According to the article, the minimum planning time for an office move should be a year.（单选题）A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：A112、According to the passage, the key role of creative salespeople is to find ______（单选题）A. new prospectsB. potential customersC. new consumersD. potential markets试题答案：A113、The book tells small business owners that（单选题）A. there will be many things that they couldn’t manage.B. they could get encouragement from the book.C. they should achieve their respective goals in various ways.试题答案：C114、The applicants should email their Curriculum Vitae to the company.（单选题）A. RightC. Doesn’t say试题答案：C115、What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?（单选题）A. They rely on management systems that are out of date.B. They will not adopt measures that provide long-term solutions.C. They have little confidence in the business advice that is available.D. They do not take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.试题答案：C116、5P sees the Pacing Plus program as（单选题）A. something other companies are likely to copy.B. an opportunity to take over some of its competition.C. a departure from its previous approach.D. a way of solving certain problems.试题答案：C117、According to the writer, you should not（单选题）A. flatter your boss.B. get too close to your boss.C. depend upon your boss too much.D. get involved in your boss’ mishaps to avoid getting your marching orders.试题答案：B118、A specialist remover will make sure staff is kept up to date with arrangements for their move.（单选题）A. Right.C. Doesn’t say.试题答案：A119、Sales growth at Medico plc is 1.8% this year, compared to an earlier forecast of 2.5%.The company’s sales growth for this year is（单选题）A. lower than expectedB. the same as expectedC. higher than expected试题答案：A120、Chinese characters need ______.（单选题）A. three and four-key combinationsB. English keyboardsC. different computersD. Western-style keyboards试题答案：A121、Program Cost$7,100 (2007)(covers tuition, all program materials, and some meals)Special pricing available to companies sponsoring three or more participants.A company may be given a discount if they provide（单选题）A. money for the program.B. money for at least three of their own employees.C. a special price.试题答案：B122、Jane, I’d like to meet, on Tuesday, but if my plane’s delayed I’ll see you at, Friday’s meeting.John（单选题）A. John has to postpone his meeting until Friday.。

Model Test for Cambridge International SchoolSolve the following questions comprehensively.1.Three unit circles are arranged so that each touches the other two. Find the radiiof the two circles which touch all three.2.Find all real numbers x such that x + 1 = |x + 3| - |x - 1|.3. (1) Given x = (1 + 1/n)n, y = (1 + 1/n)n+1yx., show that x = y2222n+1n 2= (-1)n+1(1 + 2 + ... + n).(2) Show that 1 - 2 + 3- 4 + ... + (-1)4. All coefficients of the polynomial p(x) are non-negative and none exceed p(0). If p(x)n+12 has degree n, show that the coefficient of x in p(x)2is at most p(1)/2.5.What is the maximum possible value for the sum of the absolute values of thedifferences between each pair of n non-negative real numbers which do not exceed 1?6.AB is a diameter of a circle. X is a point on the circle other than the midpoint of thearc AB. BX meets the tangent at A at P, and AX meets the tangent at B at Q.Show that the line PQ, the tangent at X and the line AB are concurrent.7.Four points on a circle divide it into four arcs. The four midpoints form aquadrilateral. Show that its diagonals are perpendicular.28. Find the smallest positive integer b for which 7 + 7b + 7bis a fourth power.9. Show that there are no positive integers m, n such that 4m(m+1) = n(n+1).10.ABCD is a convex quadrilateral with area 1. The lines AD, BC meet at X. Themidpoints of the diagonals AC and BD are Y and Z. Find the area of the triangle XYZ.11.A square has tens digit 7. What is the units digit?12.Find all ordered triples (x, y, z) of real numbers which satisfy the following systemof equations:13.xy = z - x - y14.xz = y - x - z15.yz = x - y - z。

剑桥法律英语国际证书模拟题（1）一、单选题型1．Wherever people live together in communities，A a．there will always be disputes．b．there will not always be disputes．c．there will not be anydispute．d．There are some general federal homicide laws．2．Among animals，conflicts result in victory for a．the weaker or slowerb．the stronger or quickerc．the longer or shorterd．the bigger or smaller3．Human beings believe that in a dispute the one a．who is fault should winb．who is strong should winc．who is right should wind．who is weak should win4．Sometimes thedispute is so complicated that it can be settled a．only in a law court．b．only in a fight．c．only in a negociation．d．only in murder．5．A law court is a meeting place set up by a．the companyb．the armyc．the governmentD．the firm6．A law court is a meeting place fora．the unjust and unpeaceful settlement of disputesb．the unjust and peaceful settlement of disputesc．the just and unpeaceful settlement of disputesd．the just and peaceful settlement of disputes7．Over the centuries the changes courts and methodsfor justicea．have not been very great．b．have been very great．c．have been little great．d．have been some great．8．In the past，people in Europe often settled disputes in ways that seem extremly a．civil and fair．b．cruel but fair．c．cruel and unfair．d．civil but unfair．9．As we know the cold－water ordeal means：a．the accused person was tied and put into hot water．b．if the accused person sank，he was considered guilty and was punished．c．if the accused person floated ，he was considered innocent．d．if the accused person sank，he was considered innocent．10．As we know the hot－water ordeal means：a．the accused person put his hand in cold water and pulled out a stone．b．if hand of the accused person showed no injury ，he was considered innocent．c．if hand of the accused person showed injury，he was considered innocent．d．if hand of the accused person showed no injury ，he was considered guilty．11．In the past，courts handle two kinds of disputes：a．civil and criminal，b．economical and criminal，c．civil and economicald．constitutional and administrational12．It is not always easy to tell the difference between a．civil and criminal disputes，b．economical and criminal disputes，c．civil and economical disputes d．constitutional and administrational disputes 13．In general，a civil case is a dispute between a．three private citizens．b．many private citizens．c．two private citizens．d．all private citizens．14．A criminal case is a dispute betweena．an individual and the other people．b．a group and the whole communty．c．an individual and the whole communty．d．apart of the people and the whole communty．15．A crime means that someonea．has not broken a law and harms the communityb．has broken a law but does not harm the community c．has broken a law and harms the communityd．has broken all the law and harms the community 16．Laws are rules that define people’s rights and responsibilities a．towards the government．b．towards the society．c．towards his friends．d．towards his family．17．Laws are made a．official by society b．official by governments．c．official by themayor．d．official by thepresident．18．Some people look on laws with a．interested or funny b．interested or happy c．funny or interestedd．fear or hatred．19．Laws seem to limit a person’ s a．interestb．freedomc．happyd．money20．Law stop others from doing things that mighta．trouble us．b．affect us．c．encourage us．d．help us。

法律英语证书（LEC）考试简介随着中国入世和对外开放的逐步深入，法律英语的重要性日渐凸现。

然而，由于法律英语的特殊性，国内一直没有一个科学的考核指标衡量法律从业人员专业英语的掌握程度。

法律英语证书（Legal English Certificate，简称LEC）全国统一考试由总部设在美国的美中友好交流促进会与中国政法大学共同研究推出，目的是为从事涉外业务的企业、律师事务所提供招募国际性人才的客观标准，同时督促国内法律从业人员提高专业英语的能力。

法律英语证书全国统一考试试题由其考试委员会全体委员共同设计、决定。

考试委员会五十名成员由来自国内外的法律英语专家、学者、著名律师担任。

该考试的题型、考察内容与美国的律师资格考试相近，同时又突出了法律英语语言运用的特色，并结合中国的实际增加了法律英语翻译测试。

考试分试卷一和试卷二，各需三个小时完成。

试卷一为多项选择题，内容涉及美国宪法、财产法、知识产权法、侵权法、商事组织法、民事程序法、刑法及刑事程序法等，重点考察合同法、商事组织法、侵权法、知识产权法及财产法的知识；试卷二是主观题，包括法律英语英汉互译和法律英语写作两项，其中法律英语写作将重点考察office memo, case brief 及律师信函的写作格式及作文内容。

从事涉外法律业务的工作人员，想提高自身专业英语能力的法律从业人员，立志从事涉外法律职业的在校法学院学生、外语学院学生，以及打算出国（尤其是美国、加拿大）攻读法学专业的人士都可以参加法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试。

法律英语证书考试属水平考试，满分为200分，试卷一和试卷二分别在60分以上、总分在125分以上为合格。

该考试证书是从事涉外法律服务工作的专业英语水平权威证明；该考试也是赴美攻读法学专业，及取得美国律师职业资格的可靠保证。

法律英语证书全国统一考试每年举行两次，分别将在5月份和12月份的最后一个周六举行，暂时只设中国政法大学考点。