美国文学史及选读自考考点
- 格式：docx
- 大小：36.40 KB
- 文档页数：32
The literature of colonial America
John Smith
1）The 1st American writer
2）作品“reports of exploration”have been described as the 1st distinctly American literature written in English, attracted Pilgrims(朝圣者) &the Puritans.
3）1608，写了封信“A true Relation of Such Occurance&Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the 1st planting of That colony”
4）1612，第二本书“A map of Virginia :with a
Description of the Country”
5）他一共出版了八本书，公司破产以后做了向导，he sought a post as guide to the pilgrims.
1624，“General History of Virginia”讲述How
the Indian princess Pocahonats Saved him.
6）他早期记录和反映的思想慢慢演变成了美国历史的基本思想，这种思想推动了美国边疆的西移。
7）早期英格兰文学主要关于theological(神学),
moral(道德), historical and political. The Puritans in New England embraced hardships, together with the discipline of a harsh
church.They had toughness, purpose and character, they grappled strongly with challenges they set themselves.他们的基本价值观：hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety.（也是美国作品的主导思想）
William Bradford & John Withrop
1）William Bradford：“The History of Plymouth
Plantation”（从1630年写起，关于一群清教徒从英国出发到Amsterdam最后到新大陆的过程）
Cotton Mather评价：“a common blessing and
father to them all.”
2）John Withrop：“The History of New England”（1630，登上Arbella号去Massachusetts并keep
a journal and to the rest of his life.1826年出版）
3）Puritans
-Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices.The Puritan was Would-be purifier.
-Looked upon themselves as a choosen peolple.
-Anyone who challenged their way of life was opposing God’s will and was not to be accepted.
-They were zealous in defense of their own
beliefs but often intolerant of the beliefs of
others
-Made laws about private morality as well as public behavior Nathaniel Hawthorne called
them“stern and black browed Puritans”
John Cotton & Roger Williams
1）John Cotton： The patriarch(教父) of New England
2）Roger Williams：“A key into the language of
Ameriaca”&“A help to the language of the
Natives in That Part of America Called New
England”(美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南)
Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor 1）Anne Bradstreet：One of the most interesting of the early poet.(1630乘Arbella到Massachusetts)
“The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”（在美洲诞生的第十个缪斯）
2）Edward Taylor：The best of the Puritan Poets(作品大部分关于宗教)
The Literature of Reason And Revolution
1.American Independence War
Noah Webster评价：American must be as independent in literature as she is inpolitics, as
famous for arts as for arms.（文化上的独立，艺术上的著名）
②Thomas Jefferson：”Declaration of Independence(独立宣言)”
2.Enlightenment 启蒙运动
3文学上独立的代表作
1785, Jefferson：“Notes on the State of Virginia.“
1791, Bartram：“Travels”
Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790
1）In the colonial period, the only good American author before the Revolutionary War.
-Born in Boston曾创办“Pennsylvania Gazatte”,1732-1758出版”Poor Richard’s Almanac collocation of proverbs”
2）founded the Junto&Established America’s
first circulating library& founded the University of Pennsylvania
Aided Jefferson in writting the Declaration of Independence.
3）The 1st major writers.
4）“Autobiography”,编辑了美国第一份殖民杂志“General magazine”
朋友评价：His shadow lies heavier than any other man’s on this young nation.
Thomas Paine 1739-1809
1）“Great Commoner of Mankind”(人类最平凡的人）&Pamphleteer(小册作家)
2）1772, he wrote his 1st pamphlet“The case
of the Officers of the Excise” 1774, Franklin给他写推荐信“an ingenious worthy young man”
He is a political satirist of genius(政治讽刺的天才)
3）1776.1.10 His famous pamphlet“Common
Sense”appeared, 署名by an Englishman(书中大胆拥护独立宣言各主张，因此成了美国独立革命思想的代言人)
4）1776-1783，“American Crisis”signed“Common Sense”在部队被广泛传阅鼓舞士气
5）1791-1792，“Rights of Man”
6）在法国因反对路易十六和恐怖统治入狱，1793-1795，“The Age of Reason”a deistic treatise advocating a rationalistic view of religion.（注重宗教观念的理性）
7）最后一部作品“Agrarian Justice”
Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826
美国历史上最为广泛影响的人物，同Franklin一样具人道主义精神
1）1776，with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R Livingston, he drafted the Declaration of Independence.
2）1800起担任两届美国总统，建立the Library of Congress，1819创建the university of Virginia并担任第一任校长
Philip Freneau
1）The most outstanding writter of the Post-Revolutionary period. Double role as poet and political journalist.
2）1770，“The Power of Fancy”因出版有关讽刺英国人作品而被认可
3）1776，“The House of Night”（the Gothic
mood）F·L·帕蒂称它为“the 1st distinctly romantic note heard in America”and“The Beauties
of Santa Cruz”
4）1781，“The British Prison Ship”
5）1786，他的早期作品被收录在“The Poems of
Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”
6）1788，“Miscellaneous Works”.
1791，with Jefferson’s support“National Gazette”campaigned against the opinions of the
