人教版高中英语必修一高一Unit2《EnglisharoundtheWorld》LearningaboutLanguage
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语法知能精解
直接引语和间接引语（Ⅱ）
一、祈使句变间接引语
直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要变为ask/tell/order sb.（not） to do的句式。人称代词、时间状语、地点状语按要求作相应变化。
“Please don’t disturb me，” he said to the boy.
→He asked the boy not to disturb him.
“Stay here until tomorrow，” said my grandma.
→My grandma told me to stay there until the following day.
学法点拨 去掉引号要加to;ask,order须记住；替换said要考虑；去掉please莫迟疑；直引若是否定式，not加在to前来显示。
误区警示①有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可以用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，此时要注意这些词的固定搭配。
He said,“Let’s go to the museum.”
→He suggested that we (should) go to the museum.
The doctor said to him,“Don’t drink too much.”
→The doctor suggested that he should not drink too much.
②当祈使句作直接引语表示请求时，变间接引语常采用request/beg/ask sb.to do形式。若原句中没有称呼语，通常可加上me,him,us等。
The teacher said,“Will you please not smoke here?”
→The teacher requested us not to smoke there.
“Could you help me with my homework?”she said.
→She asked me to help her with her homework.
One of the doctors said,“Let me go on with the operation,Dr.Bethune.”
→One of the doctors begged Dr.Bethune to let him go on with the operation.
二、直接引语变间接引语时时态不变的7种情况
1.直接引语阐述的是一成不变的科学真理、客观事实、格言,变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Our geography teacher said to us，“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
→Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the
west.
2.直接引语中阐述的是过去的客观事实，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Our history teacher taught us，“The People’s Republic of China was founded in
1949.”
→Our history teacher taught us that the People’s Republic of China was founded
in 1949.
3.直接引语是过去进行时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Jack said,“John,what were you doing when I phoned you?”
→Jack asked John what he was doing when he phoned him.
4.直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 20,1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.
5.直接引语中主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
He says，“I have accepted her suggestion.”
→He says that he has accepted her suggestion.
Fred will say,“I haven’t finished the work yet.”
→Fred will say that he hasn’t finished the work yet.
6.直接引语是虚拟语气，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
“I insist that you give up smoking，”said the doctor.
→The doctor insisted that I give up smoking.
7.直接引语中动词为没有过去式的情态动词，变为间接引语时，可以用原来的情态动词，也可以用其他形式表达。
“You mustn’t cross the road against the red light,” said the policeman.
→The policeman said that I mustn’t cross the road against the red light.
“Must I go to bed at eight？” Jim asked his mother.
→Jim asked his mother if he had to go to bed at eight.
学法点拨 直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词、动词时态、时间状语、地点状语等方面需要作相应的变化，但是其中不能变化的情况要特别记忆，这些是判断宾语从句中谓语动词时态时必须要考虑的问题。
