海南高考英语试卷

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（海南卷）

地 理

注意事项：

1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答题前，考生务必在将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在试卷上无效。

3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案卸载答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。

4. 考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷

本卷共20小题，每小题3分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

下图所示半岛夏季沿海地区气温可达46℃，内陆则高达49℃。读图，完成以下问题。

1.该半岛夏季干热的主要原因是（ ）

A.沿岸暖流的增温作用 B.受干热的西北风影响

C.背风坡增温效应较强 D.受干热的西南风影响

2. 该半岛耕地灌溉水源主要来自（ ）

A.河流水 B.冰雪融水 C.地下水 D. 湖泊水

【答案】1.D 2.C 【考点定位】该组试题主要考查区域气候的形成原因、区域水资源类型等。

【名师点睛】该组试题以区域等高线图为切入点，将等高线图判读、区域气候的形成原因、区域水资源类型等高中地理主干知识联系起来，凸显近年来高考地理重视主干知识考查的特点。要求学生能够准确提取图中“波斯湾”、海拔较低、低纬度等信息，做出精确的空间位置判断，并依次推测出该区域自然环境特征，注重学生获取信息能力和空间定位能力的考查。

电解铝业是高耗能、高污染产业。近年来，我国新建电解铝产能主要分布在西北地区。有人认为，我国电解铝业西移大势所趋。下图示意铝工业主要部门及其在我国的主要分布省区

（2010年前）。据此完成以下问题。3．西北地区大规模发展电解铝业依赖的优势条件是（ ）

A．廉价而充足的电力 B.良好的生态环境

C．充足的原料供应 D.良好的工业基础

12018普通高等学校招生全国统一考试普通高等学校招生全国统一考试生物试题生物试题

一、选择题选择题：：本题共 25 小题，每小题 2 分，共 50 分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有

一项是符合题目要求的。

1．关于真核细胞的叙述，错误的是（ ）

A．线粒体的内膜上有酶的分布

B．细胞核中含有 DNA 和蛋白质

C．核膜主要由脂质和蛋白质组成

D．叶肉细胞的细胞膜含有纤维素

2．关于酵母菌和乳酸菌的叙述，错误的是（ ）

A．酵母菌和乳酸菌都能进行无氧呼吸

B．酵母菌有线粒体，而乳酸菌无线粒体

C．酵母菌具有细胞核，而乳酸菌具有拟核

D．溶菌酶能破坏酵母菌和乳酸菌的细胞壁

3．植物激素对植物的生长发育有显著影响。下列相关叙述错误的是（ ）

A．色氨酸可经一系列反应转变为 IAA

B．激素的含量随植物生长发育而变化

C．赤霉素对果实的发育有抑制作用

D．干旱条件下植物能合成较多的脱落酸

4．高等植物细胞中，下列过程只发生在生物膜上的是（ ）

A．光合作用中的光反应

B．光合作用中 CO2 的固定

C．葡萄糖分解产生丙酮酸

D．以 DNA 为模板合成 RNA

5．在不染色的条件下，下列实验材料中，最适合观察细胞质壁分离现象的是（ ）

A．紫色洋葱鳞片叶叶肉细胞

B．紫色洋葱根尖分生区细胞

C．紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞

D．紫色洋葱根尖伸长区细胞

6．将水稻幼苗培养在含 MgSO4 的培养液中，一段时间后，发现营养液中 Mg2+ 和 SO42- 的含量下降，下列叙述不合理的是（ ）

2A．Mg2+ 通过自由扩散进入根细胞

B．MgSO4 必须溶解在水中才能被根吸收

C．根吸收的 Mg2+ 可以参与叶绿素的形成

D．降低温度会影响水稻根系对 Mg2+ 的吸收

7．小麦种子萌发过程中， α- 淀粉酶在糊粉层的细胞中合成，在胚乳中分解淀粉。该酶从糊粉层细胞排到细胞外的方式是（ ）

A．顺浓度梯度经自由扩散排出

1 / 18 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考II卷） （适用地区:辽宁、重庆、海南、山西、新疆、广西、贵州、黑龙江、甘肃、吉林、云南） 英 语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案书写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（1—20 小题）在笔试结束后进行。 第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分） 第一节（共15 小题; 每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area 2 / 18 Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 1. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 3. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. B Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 4. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 6. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）

英 语

（适用省份：山西、广西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、海南、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏、甘肃、新疆）

第一部分 听力（1—20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers

The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or

advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland

walks.

Walk 1 — The Natural World

With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative

tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.

Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00

Start Point: Scratoes Bridge

Walk Duration: 6 hours

Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking

Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors