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直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念直接引语和间接引语是叙述人们说话的两种方法。
直接引语指说话人直接引用别人的原话。
这样重复的话语要放在引号内，且在原话前加逗号，引号内每个句子的第一个单词的首字母必须大写。
例如：He asked, “Where did you go?” 他问：“你到哪里去了？”间接引语是指说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。
间接引语在多数情况下是变成宾语从句，即和主句一起构成一个含宾语从句的主从复合句，不用引号。
例如：She said (that) those books were hers. 她说那些书是她的。
二、直接引语转间接引语直接引语在转换成间接引语时，要注意人称的变化、句子结构的变化、主从句时态的一致、语序的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化、地点状语的变化以及部分动词的变化等事项。
1、人称的变化直接引语在转换成间接引语时，人称的变化规则是：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
1) 一随主：即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。
例如：Tom says, “I’m from America.” 汤姆说：“我来自美国。
”→T om says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。
（I变成了和主语Tom 相一致的he）2) 二随宾：即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。
例如：She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我：“你住在哪里？”→She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。
(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)3）三不变：即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变。
例如：Kate sa id,” They like reading.” 凯特说：“他们喜欢阅读。
”→Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。
英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义：1、 直接引语：使用引号引出别人的原话。
2、间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
1、 人称变化口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I ，me ，my ，mine ，we ，us ，our ，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ，your ，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ，him ，his ，she ，her ，hers,it ，its,they,their ，theirs ，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾：He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(本句中宾语是me ，所以You 改为I , me 改为him, told 改为had told)She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新：He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一：直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句)；现在进行时表将来；定语从句必修二：定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提)；被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三：情态动词；名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)必修四：主谓一致；非谓语动词(V-ing) ；构词法必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话2. set down 记下，放下3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动）join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。
语法专项—直接引语与间接引语一、直接引语在引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语（direct speech）。
引起引语的词称为引用动词（reporting verbs）。
“I remember I had seen you.”I said.“I rang the bell,”James said,“and your maid let me in.”“I know that.”replied Mrs. Green.二、间接引语当人们用自己的话报导别人的话时，被报导的部分称为间接引语（indirect speech），也可称作引语结构（report structure）。
Mary said she had already seen the film.He replied that he was going by train.这时被引用部分常常是引用动词的宾语。
除了say, reply这类词外，还有很多动词可跟这种从句。
He felt he had to do something.She guessed that he had gone to town.He thought she was worried.He explained that the train wasn’t running.在使用间接引语时要注意下面几点：1．引语前一般要用连词that。
在个别动词后（如say, tell等）或在口语中可省略。
He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.He says he can’t wait another day.2．要根据意思改变人称。
“I’ve got your letter,” she said.→She said to him, “Your pronunciation is better than mine.”→3．引语中的谓语要和句子主要谓语在时态上一致。
高一英语必修一第一单元重点语法及知识点以下是人教版高一英语必修一第一单元重点语法及知识点：- 重点词汇和短语：- add up- upset- ignore- calm down- have got to- concern- go through- set down- a series of- on purpose- in order to- at dusk- face to face- no longer- settle- suffer- recover- get/be tired of- pack- get along with- fall in love- disagree- join in- 重点句型：- It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.- I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.- I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.- If you have some trouble getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice.- Add up your score and see how many points you can get.- What he did has added to our difficulties.- His income adds up to $1000 a month.- It' s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.- Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work?- The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report.- As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in.- Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely.- We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.- Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather?- He would go through fire and water for his country.- That country suffered a heavy loss in the flood.- 语法总结：- 直接引语和间接引语（一）- 直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。
表示命令、请求的句子的间接引语语法点拨概念引入“L ook at this example” the teacher said to us. →The teacher told us to look at the example.“Would you like to see my flat?” she asked→She asked me to see her flat祈使句的间接引语11. 直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，多用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。
如：The hostess said to us,“Pl ease sit down.”女主人跟我们说：“请坐。
”→The hostess asked us to sit down. 女主人请我们坐下。
Father said to him, “Go away!”父亲对他说：“走开！”→Father ordered him to go away. 父亲命令他走开。
(2018 四川高考) I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in the kitchen．我请妈妈在客厅里坐着，我在厨房做饭。
2. 注意祈使句如果是否定句，not多放在to do sth. 前。
He said, “Don’t mak e so much noise, boys.”他说：“孩子们，别弄出这么多噪音。
”→He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他告诉孩子们不要弄出这么大噪音。
3. 祈使句变成间接引语中，相应的时间状语、地点状语、人称、时态及动词等都要作相应的变化。
Mother said to me, “Com e back before 10:00.”母亲对我说：“十点前回来。
人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结人教版高中英语必修一是高中英语学习的必修教材，在这本书中大量的语法知识是需要学生认真掌握的。
本文将对人教版高中英语必修一中常见的语法知识点进行总结，以帮助同学们更好的学习英语，提高英语水平。
一、基本语法1. 主谓一致主谓一致是英语语法中最基本的规则之一。
由于英语中往往存在主谓不一致的现象，因此需要加以注意。
主谓一致的原则是，主语和谓语的数一定要一致。
例如：- My sister likes watching TV (正确)- My sister like watching TV (错误)2. 直接间接引语直接和间接引语是英语语法中很常见的知识点。
直接引语是指在句子中直接引用别人说的话，可以使用引号和动词说加以表达。
而间接引语则是指在句子中间接引用别人说的话。
例如：- She said, "I love you." (直接引语)- She said that she loved me. (间接引语)3. 情态动词情态动词是英语语法中十分重要的一部分。
英语中的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must等。
它们加在实义动词前，用来表示一种态度或意愿，有时也表示推测或可能性。
例如：- He may come to the party. (可能性)- You should study hard for the exam. (建议)二、从句1. 名词性从句名词性从句是英语语法中的一种重要句式。
它可以充当名词的作用，可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表语等。
名词从句的引导词有that、what、whether、if等，例如：- What he said was very interesting. (作为主语)- I don't know whether he will come or not. (作为宾语)2. 定语从句定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句。
高一主要语法点人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到… 才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。
一般前后要加引号。
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。
间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规则（一）陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
英语语法中直接引语和间接引语知识讲解编者按：当我们直接引用别人的原话时，叫直接引语,当我们用自己的口吻和角度转述他人的话时，叫间接引语。
下面小编就来带你一起学习下直接引语和间接引语，希望对大家有帮助。
1.直接引语当我们直接引用别人的原话时，叫直接引语，通常用双引号“…”括起来。
例如：He said, “I like to speak French.”他说，“我喜欢说法语。
”2.间接引语当我们用自己的口吻和角度转述他人的话时，叫间接引语。
He said that he liked to speak French.他说他喜欢说法语。
由于是转述，人称、时间、地点等都要变了，所以将直接引语变成间接引语时，有7种情况需要改变：1)人称变化(从转述者的角度看)I，you (你)→he, shemy,your→his, their2)时态变化(把时间往过去相应地退一步)现在一般时→过去一般时现在进行时→过去进行时3)时间的变化now→thentoday→thatday4)地点的变化here→therethis place→that place5)疑问句变成(陈述句)宾语从句She asked, “Do you remember me?”→She asked whether her remembered her.6)祈使句变成不定式或者宾语从句Jack said, “Sit down here.”→Jack asked him to sit down there.7)感叹句转换时的变化He said, “How beautiful this place is!”→He said that place was so beautiful.本文作者：丹丹英语(公众号：英语语法学习)。
高一英语语法—直接引语和间接引语人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法——直接引语和间接引语【具体教学过程】观察下列句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换，试着归纳总结其变化规律。
1. He said, “I’m going to Beijing.”→ He said that he was going to Beijing.2. He asked, “ Are you a teacher?”→ He asked me if / whether I was a teacher.3. She said, “ What are you doing?”→ She asked me what I was doing.4. “What a lovely girl (she is)!” they said.→ They said that she was a lovely girl.5. “ Follow me,” she said to me.→ She told me to follow her.6. “Can you lend me a hand?” he asked.→ He asked me to lend him a hand.7. He said, “Let’s stay here till tomorrow.”→ He suggested that we should stay there till the next day.* 直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
1. 陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词引导（that 在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
在这一方面，汉语和英语有很多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。
（1）人称的变化He said, “I’m going to Beijing.”他说：“我要去北京。
”→ He said that he was going to Beijing. 他说他要去北京。
He said to me, “I broke your CD player.”他对我说：“我把你的播放器摔坏了。
”→ He told me that he had broken my CD player . 他告诉我说他把我的播放器摔坏了。
（2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。
如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。
She often says, “Mr. Liu is an honest man.”→ She often says that Mr. Liu is an honest man.直接引语变间接引语时的时态变化：He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish the work.”→ He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish the work.He said, “I’m using the knife.”→ He said that he was using the knife.She said, “I’ve not heard from him since May.”→ She said that she had not heard from him since May.He said, “I came to help you.”→ He said that he had come to help me.He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”→ He said that he had finished his homework before supper.She said, “I’ll do it after class.”→ She said that she would do it after class.注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”→ He said that light travels much faster than sound.(3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化She said, “I’ll finish the work this morning.”→ She said that she would finish the work that morning.( these → those, here → there )He said, “It’s nine o’clock now.”→ He said that it was nine o’clock then.(today → that day, yesterday → the day before, tomorrow → the next / following day )She said, “He left 30 minutes ago.”→ She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.She said, “I’ll come here this evening.”→ She said that she would go there that evening.注：如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go。
如果在当天转述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
2. 疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前面），主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。
（1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if 引导。
主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。
没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him 或us等）。
如：He said, “Are you interested in English?”→ He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.（2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
如：“How can I help her?” he asked me.→ He asked (me) how he could help her.3. 祈使句转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order等动词。
另外，在直接引语中的称呼，一般用来作动词的宾语，其句型是：tell / ask /order someone (not) to do something. 如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。
如：“Don’t smoke in the room,” he said to me.→ He told me not to smoke in the room.注：①转述Let’s 开头的表示建议、劝告等含义的祈使句时，可以用“suggest + that 从句”或“suggest doing”结构。
②转述句型“Can/Could you…? Will/Would you…”时，动词多用ask。
如：“Would you turn down your TV a little, Mary?” Tom said to her.→ Tom asked Mary to turn down her TV a little.4. 感叹句转述感叹句时，用that 引导宾语从句，语序用陈述句语序。
如：“What a hot day!” he said.→He said that it was a hot day.即学即用：1. Sarah told me that she _____ there _____.A. will go , todayB. would go, the next dayC. is going, the following dayD. is going, tomorrow2. My e-pal in America sent an e-mail to me and asked _____ in my new school.A. how I was getting on with my studyB. how are you getting on with your studyC. how am I getting on with my studyD. how was I getting on with my study3. Father asked ______.A. what was wrong with meB. what’s wrong with meC. what wrong was with meD. what wrong had with me4. I wonder why Jenny _____ to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasn’t writtenB. doesn’t writeC. won’t writeD. hadn’t written5. He said that many soldiers gave their lives in the war, and _____ we should always remember them.A. thatB. \C. whenD. which6. Our math teacher told me ______ with my classmates in class.A. not talkB. don’t talkC. not talkingD. not to talk7. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that﹡8. The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who答案：BAAAA DACUnit 3预习导学（一）重点单词、短语预习：单词：consider vt. 考虑，照顾，认为means n. 手段，方法transportation n. 运输，运送board vt.上（船、车、飞机等）experience n. &vt. 体验，经历，经验simple adj. 简单的vacation n. 假期，休假nature n. 自然，自然界，本性basic adj. 基本的n. 基本，要素equipment n. 装备，设备poisonous adj. 有毒的，有害的，恶毒的normal adj. 正常的，正规的，标准的n. 正规，常态excitement n. 刺激，兴奋，激动adventurous adj. 喜欢冒险的，充满危险的similarity n. 类似，类似处particular adj. 特别的，特殊的separate adj.单独的，分开的vt. 分开，隔离combine vt.&vi.（使）联合，结合短语：to experience life 体验生活get away from…逃离……be/get close to…接近，靠近watch out (for) 当心，注意，提防protect sb./sth. from/against…保护……免于……as with…正如，正像……go no a holiday 去度假be off (to)…外出（去）……see sb. off 给某人送行say “Hi/Hello” to sb. for me 代我向某人问好as well as…也，还，而且combine… with …把……和……结合起来on the other hand 另一方面（二）观察下列句子中现在进行时的使用，试着归纳总结其用法：1. How are you getting to the airport? Is anybody seeing you off ?你打算怎么去机场？有人送你吗？2. The president is leaving for a visit to America next month.下个月总统要去访问美国。
