通过翻译学英语笔记

趁热打铁: to strike while the iron is hot.浑水摸鱼: to fish in the troubled water如坐针毡: to sit on pins and needles静水流深: still waters run deep奋力图存: to keep one's head above water不知所措/茫然: all at sea我全然不懂公司这些新的规章制度.I am totally/all at sea about the company's new rules & regulations. 在开一家商行之前, 先要了解当地的情况.You should see how the wind blows in the local area before you start a business.或 It is necessary/wise to see how the wind blows in the local area before you start a business.hang-hanged- hanged 上吊hang-hung-hung 悬挂在选择接受哪份工作之间他摇摆不定,错过了良机.He lost/ missed good opportunity because/ as he was hung in the wind about which offer to take.nail one's colors (旗帜) to the mast(围杆) : 坚决这家公司的老总在谈判中寸步不让, 导致了谈判破裂.The general manager nailed his colors to the mast in the negotiation and result in the failure of the negotiation.你一定会顺利渡过这些暂时的困境的.You will overcome /come through such temporary difficulty .with flying colors 获得大胜sail under false colors 伪装show one's true colors 原形毕露表面上他装得很绅士,可是一遇到紧急情况,他的真面目就暴露无遗了.He sailed under false colors as a gentleman. But in case of emergency, his true colors was shown./he will show his true colors.a group of peoplea school of fishbig fish 大人物shy fish 羞怯的人like a fish out of water 浑身不自在她不得不和一群陌生得客户一起共进晚餐, 这让她觉得浑身不自在.She had to dine with a group of strange clients, which make her feel like a fish out of water.drink like a fish 牛饮,豪饮a big fish in a little pond在当地,这家公司生意做得最大. 可是与全国同行业得其他公司比起来, 那只能是小巫见大巫.In the local area, the company has a wide business relationships.But compared with other companies in the same industry/field nationwide, it was only a big fish in a little pond.the great fish eat up the small这家公司设备陈旧,技术落后,在市场竞争中很快就被兼并了.The company was eaten up by great fish in the fierce market competition because it was lag behind both in equipment and technology.或With the outdated equipment and technology, the company was eaten by great fish in the competition.雨后春笋: bamboo shoots/like mushrooms after the rain掩耳盗铃: to bury one's head in the sand一箭双雕: to kill two birds with one stone健壮如牛: as strong as a horse一贫如洗: as pour as a church mouselucky dog :幸运儿love me, love my dog: 爱屋及乌狗仗人势: be a bully with the backing of a powerful person.狼心狗肺: ungrateful and heartless瓜熟蒂落: everything comes right when the right time comes瑞雪兆丰年: A timely snow promises a good harvestteach fish to swim: 班门弄斧black sheep: 害群之马,败家子The company lost a big order due to his carelessness. Most of the staffempolyees/colleages thought him as a black sheep, soon he took the blame and resigned.他的大意使得公司失去了一笔大订单. 大多数员工都把他当成是害群之马,不久他就引咎辞职了.come rain or shine: 不见不散不管什么情况下, 他都是一个可以值得信赖得朋友.Rain or shine, he is always a reliable/trustworthly friend.It never rains but pours. 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人for a rainy day 未雨绸缪in a fogHis mind was in a fog for a whole day.整整一天, 他的头脑都昏昏沉沉的.have the foggiest idea of他表达能力太差, 雇员们听了半天还是完全不知所云.He could not express himself clearly, and all the employees have the foggiest idea about what he talks about.空中楼阁: castles in the air自食其果: eat the fruit of one's own doing火上浇油: to pour oil on the flame轻如鸿毛: as light as a featherbird of a feather flock together :物以类聚胸有成竹: to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth.剖腹藏珠: penny wise and pound foolish一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳: Once bitten, twice shy.无风不起浪: where there's smoke, there is fire.有志者事竟成: where there's a will, there is a way.新官上任三把火: A new broom (扫把) sweeps clean开门见山: to come straight to the point单枪匹马: to be single-handed in doing sth扬眉吐气: to feel proud and elated风雨飘摇: (of a situation ) being unstable初生牛犊不怕虎: The more wit, the less courage.叶公好龙: professed love of what one really fears.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮: Two heads are better than one.赛翁失马,焉知非福: A loss may turn out to be a gain.初出茅庐: at the beginning of one's career.并驾齐驱: neck and neck不可一世: as proud as a peacock本末倒置: put the cart before the horse隔墙有耳: walls have ears入乡随俗: do in Rome as the Romans do画蛇添足: to paint the lilyRed-letter day(纪念日，喜庆的日子)如圣诞节等，因为这些日子在日历上是用红色标志出来的Roll out the red carpet for sb: 表示盛情欢迎某人Red for danger: 与流血，危险与暴力联系在一起红糖： blown sugar红茶： black tea红榜： honor roll红豆： love pea红运：good luck红利： dividend红颜： a beautiful girlRed ruin: 火灾Red battle: 血战Red sky: 彩霞Red tape: 繁文缛节Green: 表示嫉妒，眼红Green with envy/green as jealousy/green-eyed(红眼病)艾丽斯的女友看到他的新装, 心生嫉妒.Alice＇s girl friend was green with envy when they saw her new dress. Green：在英文中表示钱财，钞票，有经济实力；还表示没经验，缺乏训练，知识浅薄You cannot expect Mary to do business with such people.戴绿帽子： to be a cuckoldGreen：病态，脸色发青He was green after his boat ship. 他乘船回来，脸色发青。

For most students,writing more clearly and persuasively presents a great challenge.Many can write grammatically correct sentences and choose proper words .Few of them,though,focus on filling their essays with necessary information and details,let alon e organizing the information.翻译：对于大多数学生来说，非常清楚却有说服力的写作意味着一场巨大的挑战。

虽然，大多数学生可以写并且选择语法正确的句子和合适的词汇。

但是少数学生只专注于用必要的信息和细节完善他们的散文，更不用说组织信息了。

In order to make an essay convincing,students should know how to select the necessary informat ion and details.but how do you know what to include ? Information that can help students clarify and better convey their idears is certainly important . To figure out what this is ,you should make sure you understand the theme of the essay.Only after clearly understanding the topic can you choose proper reasons and examples to support your idears.翻译：为了写一篇令人信服的散文，学生们应该知道怎样去选择必要的信息和细节。

翻译详细笔记九大题型词汇搭配17 虚拟语气7 倒装结构6 各类从句6 考查时态4 被动结构 3非谓语题 3 省略结构2 强调语气2虚拟语气第一种虚拟语气Advise sb. to do/Advise that + should …advise , suggest，propose, recommend decide, determine, demand, beg , command , Order, require, urge , insist , desireThe professor required (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.They requested that ______ (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.2008.12.84It is + 形容词+ that sb.+ shouldI think it + 形容词+ that sb. + should第二种虚拟语气要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功要是不努力，他不会取得进步His progress wouldn’t have been made without arduous work.我昨天太忙了，否则我就会到这看你了I was too busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have been here to see you.2008.6.83 2007.12.82第三种虚拟语气1. 表示与过去事实相反的假设条件从句had done主句should(would，could，might) have+ done2006.12.76 例外和陷阱2009.12.842011年6月The pills (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的), but he didn't follow the doctor's advice and take them regularly.倒装1. 程度副词前置则倒装2010.12.83 2007.6.832009.12.86 Much –so much 程度副词2. 否定前置和固定词组的倒装2010.6.84 2007.12.862008.6.85(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.not only…but also他不仅拒绝了这个礼物，而且还严厉地批评了送礼者Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.The university authorities did not approve the regulation，（也没有解释为什么）。

1.经常做运动会增强自信心正确的句子：Regular exercise can increase one's self-confidence.句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语(confidence)增强自信心：improve/increase one’s confidence感到自信：feel confident2教学质量影响学生学术成绩正确的句子：The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’ academic performance.句子结构：主谓宾成绩：scores=grades=academic performance表演（如：歌唱表演）performance 可数名词表现（如：工作表现）performance 不可数名词对……有影响：Have an impact/influence/effect on sth./sbQuality表质量用单数quality，表人的特质是可数名词常用复数qualities3家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间正确的句子：parents and tea chers should make an effort to limit children’s screen time.句子结构：主语（parents and teachers）+及物动词(make)+宾语(effort)看电视的时间：screen time花费时间做……：Spend some time in doing sth./ spend time on sth.4经济的下滑（the economic slowdown可数名词要加定冠词）引起失业率的上升更正：slowdown 是可数名词，这里应该加the正确的句子：The economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate.句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语the economic slowdown可数名词要加定冠词表示一件已经发生的事情，用一般完成时5经济的发展需要年轻的劳动者正确的句子：A country's economic development relies on a supply of young workers句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语除特指某一国家，不然不可用theLabor是不可数名词，worker是可数名词年轻劳动力：young workers6工作很忙的人没有时间去休息正确的句子：People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语，“to rest and recharge batteries”不定式充当time的后置定语Work 不可数名词繁重的工作量：a heavy workload休息：Take/have a rest7在中国，很多学生晚上都要自习正确的句子：A large number of students in China have to do self-study at night. 句子结构：主语+及物动词+ 宾语自习：do self-study早中晚：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening/at nightin China 放在句子最后表示地点状语8文化遗产Heritage sites 因为城市发展而受到威胁正确的句子：The development of cities has posed a threat to heritage sites.句子的结构: 主语（development）+ 及物动词(pose)+ 宾语(threat)文化遗产:heritage sites 不用加定冠词威胁：pose a threat to sth.Threat n.威胁; 恐吓; 凶兆;Threaten vt.& vi.预示（某事）; 恐吓; 危及; 预示凶兆;vi.似将发生; 威胁; Threatened adj.受到威胁的; v.威胁(threaten的过去分词);9我们不能忽视面对面的交流正确的句子：We should not ignore face-to-face communication.句子结构：主语+ 及物动词+宾语（communication）Communication 不可数名词面对面交流：face-to-face communication10 有些公共服务很难收支平衡正确的句子：Some public services have problems in breaking even.句子结构：主语+ 及物动词(have)+ 宾语(problems)量入为出：make ends meet收支平衡：break even做某事有困难：have problems/difficulty (in) dong sth.11我们需要考虑社会和经济的环境正确的句子：We have to consider the social and economic context.句子结构：主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语经济、社会环境：the social and economic context.整体大自然环境：the environment 专有名词个人氛围、环境（如：工作环境）：environment 可数名词生物所处环境（如：栖息地）：environment 可数名词Consider vt.& vi.考虑; 把（某人，某事）看作…，认为（某人，某事）如何; 考虑，细想;Considerable adj.相当大（或多）的; 该注意的，应考虑的;Considerate adj.体贴的，体谅的; 深思熟虑; 到; 慎重;Consideration n.考虑，考察; 照顾，关心; 报酬; 尊敬;12密度种植对生物多样性造成了威胁正确的句子：Intensive farming can pose a threat to bio-diversity.句子结构：主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语（threat）密度种植：intensive farming生物多样性：bio-diversity=biodiversity.13平等的教育能帮助解决学生学习成绩不好正确的句子：Equal access to education can help tackle educational underachievement. 句子的结构：主语+ 及物动词（help）+ 宾语（to tackle ….这里省略了to）平等的教育：equal access to education=equal opportunity to receive education解决学生学习成绩不好的问题：tackle educational underachievement=improve academic performanceOverall:1.of后加名词或动名词2.名词注意单复数以及定冠词3.动词注意时态语态以及“数”的问题。

英语四级的翻译课堂笔记英语四级的翻译课堂笔记1. There is no denying that you ___________ in dealing with this matter.解析：can never be too careful / can not be too careful【考点解释】本题考查越仔细越好再也不为过的固定搭配，即can never be too/can not be too + adj.【原句精释】无可否认，处理这件事，越仔细越好。

2. Only when I reached my thirties __________________________解析：did I realize that reading cannot be neglecteddid I realize that reading is unignorable【考点解释】本题考查由only when 引起的局部倒装。

当only when置于句首，主句用局部倒装，即将助动词置于主语前面。

only when引导句子时态为过去时(reached)，为保持时态一致，主句助动词用did;注意被动语态的使用，reading与neglect为被动关系。

同时也可以使用be+adj的结构。

【原句精释】直到三十岁，我才意识不能忽视读书。

3. Much ___________________ ，the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.解析：to the researchers surprise【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配 to one s surprise 使惊讶的是【原句精释】让研究人员大为惊讶的是，实验结果比他们的预计好得多。

Translation ConclusionUnit 1 stories1. He was thirty-six， his youth had passed like a screaming eagle， leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的鹰，早已一闪而逝，留给他的是衰老和幻灭。

2. average height 普通高度3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄5. ignoring the chair offered him， Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was， what he had done in the past， how he had fled from Yunnan， talked with Sun Yat-sen， been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai， and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调，说明自己的身份和经历：他怎样逃出云南，怎样会见孙中山，怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝，怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。

6. When both visitors had told their stories， Chou smiled a little， said he would help them find rooms， and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后，周恩来微笑着说，他可以帮他们找到住的地方，替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续，在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前，暂时作候补党员。

英语翻译B的定语从句一的要点(1)中英文中定语的位置差异中文定语一般前置，英文中一般后置。

例如：This is a agreement beneficial to all the parties.这是一份对各方都有利的协议。

（2）英译汉的主要步骤三步曲：断句、翻译和重读例如：on the whole/, such a conclusion can be draw/ with a certain degree ofconfidence/, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitudetowards the test/ as the others/ with whom he is being compared /and only if he waspunished by lack of relevant information/ which they possessed.翻译：总体上来说，可以得出这样一种结论，结论的得出需要一定程度的信心，但是只要假设这个小孩对于测试和其他人一样拥有相同的态度。

这个小孩与其他人相比而言，也只要他没有因为缺少相关信息而受到惩罚，其他小孩拥有。

重读后的翻译：总体上来说，得出这样一种结论需要一定的信心，但是只要这个小孩对于测试的态度和与之相比较的其他小孩子的态度相同，也只要他没有因为缺少别的孩子所拥有的相关信息而得到惩罚。

（3）英文中介词翻译成中文的方法介词译为副词例如：there is a book on the desk. 桌子上有本书。

介词on 译为….上。

介词以为动词例如：I went to the Paris by plane. 我坐飞机去巴黎。

介词by译为动词坐。

（4）中英文句式的差异中英文句式的第一个差异：中文善于用短句且注重用标点符号；而英文善于用长句，不注重标点符号的使用。

同学们注意：翻译课没有课件，主要还是看课本还有老师上课讲的句子。

1、A translator has to know everything of something and something of everything.翻译人员搞学问，既要精通，又要渊博。

2、Adam’s apple 喉结Achilles’ heel 弱点3、Talk is cheep. 光说无用4、Evening came before we realized it.不知不觉间天色已晚了。

5、the land of milk and honey 鱼米之乡with the foreign trade as the locomotive/flagship以外贸为龙头6、It was an old and ragged moon. 这是一弯下弦残月。

7、I used to know some French, but I’ve forgotten it. It has found its way back to the teacher. 都还给了老师8、The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。

9、He sank down with his face in his hands. 他双手捂着脸，无力的坐了下去。

10、He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他大义灭亲，判决他儿子有罪。

11、A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇入江里。

12、The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind.三个臭皮匠……13、show off one’s proficiency with axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter班门弄斧14、pumpkin eater 养不活老婆的人Swan song 辞世之作15、The blond boy quickly crossed himself.金发男孩迅速在胸前划十字，祈求上帝保佑。

B. 套话、惯用语或文言句式的转换：翻译时一般应遵循译入语的习惯，尽量找到对应的惯用表达。

（汉语多用四字结构）汉译英时可套用英语的程式化的、特别正式的词语，以保译文和原文意义和风格的一致。

●(15) Thank you for your kind consideration.●承蒙垂注，谨致谢意。

●(16) The extreme shortage of recent goods made us feel regretful being unable to offer theprice.●货源奇紧，歉难报盘。

（17）本人冒昧地邀请贵方光临我方展台，购买与否，悉听尊便。

●I venture to invite you to have a look at our stand, and you may rest assured that you willnot be pressed to buy.●(18)兹通知，海尔公司将采取一切必要的措施，追究任何未经许可制造或销售注有海尔商标的当事人。

●Notice is hereby given that HAIER Co., Ltd. Will take all necessary measures against anyparty manufacturing and/or selling any products bearing the trade mark of "HAIER"without being authorized.●(19)甲方同意向乙方支付以下称为特许权使用的费用，该费用等于售货总额的5%。

●Party A agrees to pay to Party B an amount hereinafter called royalty equal to 5% of thegross sales.●(20)岳阳渔业公司（下称甲方）和厦门海产有限公司（下称已方）通过友好协商与谈判达成如下协议。

第十一讲主动与被动●导入译例水烧开了The water is boiled.房间清扫干净了The house has been cleaned up.票卖光了The ticket are sold out.稿子才写了一半The article is half finished.Joe has taken my place. (I am released.) 重心在my placeThe place has been taken by Joe. (You don’t have to bother.) 重心在by Joe The place has been taken. (We are late.)The dishes must be washed up. (Anyhow someone has to do it!)You must wash up the dishes. (giving an order)幸亏一个渔夫救起了他Fortunately, a fisherman picked him up. 渔夫很幸运Fortunately, he was picked up by a fisherman. 我很幸运●英汉主动被动比较英语中有被动语态，汉语中只有被动句式鸡吃光了The chicken has been eaten up. (The chicken has eaten up its food.)信寄了？Has the letter been mailed?●英语常见被动形式典型被动句：This book is not well accepted by the readers.简化被动句：This book does not sell well.The house will not let. (The house will not be let.)这个房子租不出去〔这个房子不出租〕●英语简化被动语态These shirts wash well. 这些衬衫耐洗This composition reads smooth. 这篇文章读起来很顺口The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上Velvet feels smooth. 天鹅绒摸上去很光滑She doesn’t photograph well. 她不上镜Damp clothes iron easily. 湿衣服好烫简化被动语态强调事物本身的一种特质士兵被打伤了一条胳膊The soldier’s arm was wounded.墙上被炸出了一个洞A big hole was blown in the wall.他被人画了一张漫画Someone has drawn a caricature of him.●英语被动语态的用法不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者出于礼貌、措词圆通等考虑无从说出主动者是谁便于上下文连接突出谈话的中心显得客观、正式简化句子构造●用法1：不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的We haven’t been told about it. 没有人告知我们这件事The English evening has been put off till Saturday. 英语晚会已经延期到星期六进展●用法2：出于礼貌、措词圆通等考虑You are requested to give us a performance. 请你给我们表演一个节目It is hoped that the child will cure her bad habit of crying. 期望孩子能够改掉爱哭的不良习惯Turn in the paper tomorrow, if it can be done. 论文要是大家能够完成的话，就明天交吧●用法3：无从说出主动者是谁You are wanted on the phone. 有人给你打Rice is chiefly grown in the south. 大米主要产于南方The problem is being studied. 该问题正在争辩●用法4：便于上下文连接He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他在台上消灭，观众吵闹鼓掌欢送Jack fought John in the men’s singles last night and was defeated.杰克昨晚在男子单打竞赛中与约翰相遇，结果输了●用法5：突出谈话的中心The song was composed by a student. 这首歌曲是一个学生写的The program was designed by ourselves. 这套程序是我们自己设计的She is spied on by a nosy, suspicious neighbor.一个疑神疑鬼爱管闲事的邻居总是窥探她的生活●用法6：显得客观It is believed that they would do it again.It is said/estimated/reported/learned/predicted/rumored that…It cannot be denied (must be admitted) that…It is generally considered that…人们一般认为It is understood that…●用法7：显得正式A party will be held by classes I and II. Your presence will be appreciated.Under the auspices of the students’ Union, a lecture will be given by …on…at….●用法8：简化句子构造假设要信到，贴足邮票Letters won’t be sent unless adequately stamped.话不说不明Words unspoken are not clear.A few moments after the accident, he was seen by a policeman to whom he made an oral statement.事故发生后不久，他遇到了警察并向他口头描述了事情的经过●翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动〔用施事者做主语〕It is considered to be cruel by many British people to send animals to rockets into outer space. 很多英国人认为，把动物用火箭送上太空是相当残忍的Energy is needed for this reaction and it is supplied by the light of the sun.这种反响需要能量，而太阳光那么能供给所需的能量●翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动〔保存原主语〕The subject will be treated more fully later.这个主题稍后将具体争辩The solution to the problem was finally found.这个问题的解决方法最终找到了●翻译方法1：英语被动转汉语主动〔增加适当主语〕I am afraid that I shall be laughed at.我担忧人家笑话我John was seen to steal from the store.有人观看约翰从商店偷东西●翻译方法2：英语被动转化汉语无主句Nothing can be done without money.没有钱就无法做事Visitors are requested to leave their coats in the cloak room.请来宾把外套放在衣帽间里It is hoped that Shanghai will be able to establish friendly relations with more foreign cities. 期望上海今后能与更多国外城市建立友好关系●翻译方法3：英语被动转化汉语推断句Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的I was received by Mr. Wang when I first came to Hong Kong.第一次来香港的时候是王先生接待我的●翻译方法4：英语被动转化汉语被动She was set up and was sentenced to life imprisonment.她遭人陷害，被判无期徒刑His discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.他的这项觉察在科学界受到高度评价Vegetable oil has been known since antiquity.植物油自古以来就为人们所生疏The child is spoiled.这孩子给宠坏了Jack was beaten black and blue.杰克让人打得青一块紫一块的This task will be accomplished by the second group.这项任务将由其次组来完成This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the surface of the earth is curved.只有假定地球外表是不平的，这种现象才能得到解释This region must be protected from too frequent visits.这个地区必需加以保护，避开过于频繁的参观●其它转换译例The temperature is lowered so that water may be turned into ice.把温度降低以便使水变成冰The whole party was ruined by his presence.他的到来把整个聚会搞砸了The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.由于打破了权利的过度集中，从而实现了经济自由Ten percent reduction in the auto accidents was realized by exercising tighter control over the speed limit.由于加强了大路车速限制，车祸发生率下降了十个百分点●稳固练习The famous hotel has been practically ruined by the big fire.这场大火几乎使这家知名宾馆化为灰烬这家知名的宾馆在这场大火中几乎化为灰烬A group of sharks were spotted off the coast earlier this month.本月早些时候在海岸线四周人们觉察了一群鲨鱼The sense of inferiority he acquired in his youth has never been eradicated.他年轻时形成的自卑感至今都没有完全消退他至今都没能摆脱年轻时形成的自卑感Over the years 26 amendments have been added to the Constitution, but the basic document has not been changed.过去这些年里宪法增加了26 项修正案，但根本文件始终未变The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机把握While there are thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively are usually listed on the NYSE.股票事实上成千上万，但那些买卖最活泼的通常是在纽交所上市的Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as mush as possible.有些人误以为人们宠爱积蓄精力，宠爱休息，宠爱尽可能保养自己These brokers are paid commissions by the buyers and the sellers by executing their orders.这些股票经纪人通过按买卖双方要求进展交易从中提取佣金Spare-time learners are usually the best learners. Their rate of learning is helped by the fact that they want to learn and consequently they try to learn.利用业务时间学习的人学得最好。

英汉笔译课笔记（应该未全）英汉笔译课笔记（应该未全）据说英汉笔译考试内容都在我们平时的作业上出（上届师兄说的），大家多注意一下吧。

一下是我平时的笔记还有舍友的笔记整理，希望能帮到大家。

（PS:我也发到群邮箱了）A 用词不同Black tea 红茶White coffee/ black coffee 加牛奶/不加牛奶的咖啡a black ship 被罢工工人抵制装卸的船black studies （美国大学中）研究黑人问题的学科black sheep 败家子black widow 黑寡妇black smith 铁匠black bird 画眉black birding （殖民主义的）贩奴活动in the black 盈利in the red 赤字，亏损black and blue 遍体鳞伤look black （前景）暗淡laugh off one’s head 笑掉大牙sister states 兄弟省市green-eyed 嫉妒pink eye 患红眼病stop thief 抓贼啊white sale 床上用品大减价an off season 淡季ID card 身份证B 词的搭配不同make money 挣钱wet snow 雨夹雪Although the morning was young 天气尚早C 语言结构不同No comments 无可奉告We need talking heads.招收电话员启示good team work 配合默契This is VOA, signing on.美国之音，现在开始播音。

He is swimming is money. 他腰缠万贯。

under the rose 秘密地一词多义翻译1. like charger repel, unlike charges attract. 同性相斥，异性相吸。

2. like knows like. 英雄识英雄。

3. like begets like, like father, like son.龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子能打洞。

▲2. The proposal died of a bureaucratic death.由于官僚机构办事推诿拖沓，议案交上去就石沉大海。

▲4. I saw a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.我看到一个乞丐，他身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，一瘸一拐，胡子拉碴。

▲8. She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.她心地善良，天性乐观，性情温柔，待人随和，气度大量。

▲9. Foresight tells us the completion of this dam will benefit future generations.如果把眼光放得远一些，我们就会明白这座大坝建好以后将会造福于我们的子孙后代。

▲13. In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theaters and restaurants.在中国，我们每到一个城市都会逛大街，转商场，游公园，上剧院，下馆子。

14. When the lady ticket-seller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.女售票员一见到我，她那原本颇为动人的面孔“唰”地一沉，变得很是难看。

▲17. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢他热情、欢快的妹妹，但是他不喜欢他冷漠孤傲的哥哥。

▲18. She could not desert Tara; she belonged to the red acres far more than they could ever belong to her.她不可能离开塔拉。

第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。

2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。

或减少到。

Metal cutting machines have been decreased to50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。

二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent１higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。

5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。

翻译读书笔记英汉翻译技巧示例读书笔 1.识别转义神思飞越英语单词的词义一般分两类,一类:本义( Denotationn) , 另一类 : 转义 ( C o n n o t a t I o n ) 。

以动词 g n a w 为例 , 其本义是“咬 ; 啃”。

如 : The rat gnaweda hole in the wooden box. ( 老鼠在木箱子上咬了个洞 )。

gnaw的转义是“使烦恼;折磨;腐蚀”等。

英汉相比,一个显著的差异是:英语更青睐词的转义( Connotation )。

The author’s finger print is quite obvious in all of his works .原译作者在他的所有著作里留下的指纹都相当清晰。

分析 f i n g e r p r i n t是常见名词 , 意思是 : 指纹。

如 : w e a r r u b b e r g l o v e s t o g u a r d a g a i n s t f i n g e r p r i n t s . ( 戴上橡皮手套以防留下指纹印 ) 。

以汉语为母语者万万没有想到 , 上句 f i n g e r p r i n t 一词 , 用的竟是其转义 ! 其含义是 : 特色 ; 特点 ; 与众不同之处。

改译作者的特色在他所有的作品中体现得十分明显。

2. 千方百计保留形象美国的翻译理论家 N i d a 在他的 T h e T h e o r y a n d P r a c t i c e o fT r a n s l a t i o n ( p . 5 ) 中很不高明地提出 : “ T o p r e s e r v e t h e c o n t e n t o ft h e m e s s a g e t h e f o r m m u s t b e c h a n g e d ”的观点。

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义You shall know a word by the company it keeps. (John Firth)1. man: man and wife 夫妻 officers and men 官兵his man Friday 佣人，仆人 man-of-war 战舰be a man! 像个男子汉！（勇敢一些，坚强一些）2. “好”的译法：好的开始是成功的一半。

Well begun, half done.他的身体很好。

He is very well. (He is in the pink of health.)计划订好了。

The plan has been drawn up.好，今天到此为止。

Well, let us call it a day.身体好，学习好，工作好。

Keep fit, study hard and work hard.3. 轻巧：这摩托车很轻巧。

The motorcycle is light and handy.她动作很轻巧。

She is nimble in movement.你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。

You talk as if it were just a walkover. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too?4. 意思：甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。

乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。

乙：啊，真是不好意思。

A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it.B: Oh, aren’t you a bit too polite? You should not do that.A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude.B: Ah, thank you then, though I really do not deserve it.5. 我在银行里为你挂个名，你白天去走走，晚上教我儿子，以一面找机会。

语义对等（词组）
Black tea 红茶 white wine 白葡萄酒 green hand 新手The same song 同一首歌 the same head of song 是错误的。

Restroom 洗手间 dead president 美钞dollars （美元上是总统?没有见过）
Busboy 勤杂工 a busy body 好管闲事的（狗拿耗子）
Sweet water 淡水（纯净的水是甜的味道，城市里的水真的不好喝）
Child’s play 容易干的事/轻而易举的事
= a piece of cake 小菜一碟
Eat one’s words 改正自己说的话
Pull up one’s socks 鼓起勇气
In one’s birthday suit 赤裸的身体（别邪恶了）
Think a great deal of oneself =think highly高看
You don’t say .表惊讶的，真的吗？
You can say that again . 同意
All that glitters are not good.
He was only too pleased to let me go. 赶你走（给我滚，哈哈）
It has been five years since i smoked.戒烟五年了。

（个人建议一定不要学会吸烟，父亲是老烟民，很不好）
文体对等
关于乔布斯的，大家可以看看英文版
《Little Red Riding Hood》小红帽（是那种斗篷）。