牛津译林版八下 Unit 1 Past and present单元词汇和语法检测(含答案)

8B Unit 1 Past and Present 语言点Welcome to the unit1.Past and present 过去和现在(1) past 名词，“过去”in the past e.g. :We can‟t change the past ,but we can try to forget it.我们不能改变过去，但是我们可设法忘掉它。

People lived a hard life in the past .过去人们过着艰苦的生活。

（2）past 形容词，“过去的，昔日的”e.g. In the past years ,we have built too many houses.在过去的几年里，我们已经建造了太多的房子。

(3) past 副词，“过”额。

E.g. : A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.一位妇女路过时，看见了事情的发生。

（4）pass 动词“通过，经过，递给”固定结构：pass sb sth= pass sth to sb ”把某物递给某人。

E.g. : Can you pass the exam, Tom? 汤姆，你能通过考试吗？（5）present 名词“现在，目前”at present =now(在现在) e..g. :People live a happy life at present.现在人们过着幸福的生活。

（6）present 名词“礼物”=gift e.g.: I received many nice presents at the Spring Festival.2.It was in the bowl an hour ago.一小时前它还在碗里。

an hour ago 一小时前，只用在一般过去时中。

E.g. :She left thirty minutes ago 它三十分钟前离开了。

Unit1单词词组和语法讲解+训练一、同步知识梳理知识点1：past and present(P6)（1）pastn. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里 prep. 经过 walk past the post office 走过邮局 【例句】In the past , there was no underground in Nanjing. Let ’s not make the past mistakes.When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.（2）presentadj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ； a present for you=a gift for you 给你的礼物 vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送;【例句】Everyone can be present ed a present at present .知识点2：You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me .(P6) 你变了。

你以前跟我分享食物的。

（1）change : vt./vi. 改变，变更; change into 变成 n.变化，改变; change(s) to ...的变化 【例句】Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用; 行使，【常用短语】①used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)” 批注： 否定形式：didn ’t use to / usedn ’t to②get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, he ’s barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks he ’ll never be used to this busy lifestyle. 【拓展】useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的知识点3：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents .(P8)【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China.批注：注意in the north 与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。

八年级下册Unit1 Past and present知识点梳理【重点单词】past [pɑːst]过去present ['preznt] 现在，目前just [dʒʌst] 刚才used to (过去持续或常发生)曾经since [sɪns] 自…以来ever ['evə] 曾经，永远，这以前northern ['nɔːðən] 北方的，北部的married [ˈmærɪd] 已婚的，结婚的wife [waɪf] (妻子block [blɒk] 街区since [sɪns] 自…以来over ['əʊvə] 在…期间turn ... Into ... 把…变成…pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] 污染；污染物factory ['fæktəri] 工厂waste [weɪst] 废料；废品realize ['rɪəlaɪz] 意识到；实现improve [ɪm'pruːv]改进，改善situation [sɪtjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n] 形势，情况in some ways 在某种程度上however [haʊ'evə] 然而impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbl] 不可能的before [bɪ'fɔː]以前，过去，已经lonely ['ləʊnli] 孤独的，寂寞的from time to time [frɒm//taɪm//tuː//taɪm] 不时，有时，偶尔anyway [ˈenɪweɪ] 尽管，即使这样husband ['hʌzbənd] 丈夫interview [ˈɪntəvjuː]采访；会见all one's life 一生yet [jet] 还，仍recently ['riːsntli]近来，最近past [pɑːst]过去environment [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 环境transport [trænsˈpɔːt]交通车辆，运输工具condition [kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n] 环境，条件，状况return [rɪ'tɜːn]返回last [lɑːst]最近，上一次；最后abroad [ə'brɔːd]到（在）国外primary [ˈpraɪməri] 小学教育的；初级的keep in touch 保持联系communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] 交流，交际communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] 交流，交际exactly [ɪg'zæktli] （答语）正是，没错be/get used to 习惯于，适应于narrow [ˈnærəʊ] 狭窄的open space 开阔的空地【重点词组】1.in the bowl an hour ago一个小时之前在碗里的ed to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查4.write a report on the changes in your home town 写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道5.know about the different forms of transport 对不同形式的交通工具很了解6.talk about transport at different times 讨论不同时期的交通工具7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns 轮流做某事8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school 骑自行车去学校9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus乘公交车去学校11.interview sb. to get some information 为了得到些信息采访某人12.know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解13.be born 出生14.move house 搬家15.in the northern part of town 在这个镇的西部16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.和某人结婚17.marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人18.move two blocks away搬到两个街区以外19.live in this area 住在这个地区20.since then 自从那以后since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago21.over the years 这些年over the past century 在过去的几个世纪22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town 在镇中心23.turn/change/put sth. into 把某物变成某物24.a steel factory 一个钢铁厂25.put the waste into the river 把垃圾倒入河里put down 记下put away 收好put on 穿上put off 推迟、延期26.take action to improve the situation采取行动改善这种情况27.in some ways 在某些方面on the way (to ) 在……的路上by the way 顺便说no way 没门in any way 无论如何28.most of my old friends大部分我的老朋友29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town30.see each other as often as before像以前一样经常看到对方31.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下棋32.feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单33.from time to time = at times = sometimes 有时34.because of being alone 因为独自一人35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼on both sides/ on each side36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人37.all his life 整个他的一生38.in the past 在过去at present 现在39.make some notes 做些笔记40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.浪费某物在某物/某人上41.repair over ten bicycles= repair more than ten bicycles修理超过10辆自行车42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China教我很多有关中国的历史43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing讨论一个有关北京历史的影片44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present对北京的过去和现在了解更多45.hear about/of 听说hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter=receive/get a letter of sb.收到某人来信46.living conditions 居住条件47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人48.go abroad 去国外at home or abroad 在国内外49.at primary school 在小学50.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系51.make communication much easier使得联系更容易Communicate with sb.和某人保持联系52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行happen发生(偶然发生)53.green hills all around到处都是绿山54.a river runs through the centre of town一条小河穿过镇中心55.get used to the changes of life习惯了生活的变化56.on one’s own = by oneself = alone独自57.throw rubbish 扔垃圾58.in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方59.move into new flats搬到新公寓去60.in their free time在他们业余时间61.travel around the town在镇里转转62.have their own cars= have cars of their own有他们自己的汽车e the new words to talk about my hometown用些新词来讨论我的家乡e facts to support my opinions用事实来支持我的观点【重点句型】1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。

牛津译林八下Unit1知识梳理Comic strip ＆Welcome to the unit1：past and present（1）past①n. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.People lived a hard life in the past.②adj. 过去的，以前的；in/over/during the past/last few years 在过去的几年里常用于现在完成时Let’s not make the past mistakes.He has visited many foreign countries in the past few years.③prep. 过half past ten 十点半Our car was past the Tian’anmen Square when it broke down.④adv. 经过go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim past sp. = pass sp.A woman saw it happen when she walked past.When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.（2）present①adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的be present at the meeting 出席会议②n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在； a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物He is busy at present.③vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; present sb. with sth.Everyone can be present ed a present at present.2：You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.你变了。

Unit 1 Past and present一.重点单词1.marry sb/get married to /be married to/marry sb to sb2.past(1)n. in the past(2) adv. They went past just now.(3) adj in/during the past few years)(4) prep. It’s half past two.(c.f. passed)3.present n.(1)=gift (2) at presentv. present sb with sth ( presentation)adj. not absent4. over (1)prep. (1)all over the world(2)=more than(3) (c.f. above, on)(4) over the past 100 years(2)adv. be overPhrases: over and over again, come over, all over,go over,over again5. times:at different times;three times a day; at times;The New York Times6.south(n.) southern(adj.) : in the southern part of the town7.turn: v.turn round;turn left/right; turn gray; turn into;turn up/down; turn on/offn. take turns to do sth; It’s one’s turn to do sth; wait for one’s turn8. alone (c.f. lonely)9. used to; be used to do sth; be used to doing sth10. waste: v. waste time doing sthn. dump waste into the river; It’s a waste of time to do sth11.poison (n.) poisonous (adj.)12.pollute: (v) pollute the air/water pollution(n.) air pollution13.in some ways;in many ways;in the way; on the way to…; by the way14.a bit (c.f. a little)15.throw:( throw-threw-thrown) throw away; throw at…16.interview: (interview sb;have/give an interview with sb.)17.luck: (c.f. lucky,unlucky, luckily, unluckily)good luck to sb, good luck with sth18.unpleasant: (c.f. please,pleased, pleasing, pleasant, unpleasant, pleasure)19.unhealthy: (c.f. health, healthy,healthily,healthier)20.own: (v.) own a shop owner(adj.) my own bookon one’s own, of one’s own21.develop: ( developed, developing, development)22. lend: (lend-lent-lent) (c.f. borrow)23.attraction: (attract, attractive, attraction) a tourist attraction24.since(1) +Clause He hasn’t been home since he graduatedSince you are nit interested, I won’t tell you about it.(2)+n. They have been friends since childrenhood.ever since (c.f. since then)since/for二．重点短语1. not…any more2. play with3.at different times4. get married5.move to /out of/in /into6.in the centre of town7.change a lot over the years 8.in the past9.turn the place into a park 10.play cards and Chinese chess 11.a shoe factory 12.water pollution13.dump the waste into the river 14.pollute the river15.take action to do sth 16.reduce the pollution17.better than before 18.in some ways19.feel a bit lonely 20. from time to time21.throw away 22. have an interview with…23.in primary school 24.be in use/service25.cause many problems for people 26.a tourist attraction27. move house 28.have open space29. bring sb. a modern life 30.as good as before31.know sb/sth very well 32.market stalls33. as often as before 34.write an article on…35.tell sb a lot about… 36. be lucky enough to see the changes to sp37.future plan 38.on one’s own39.show you how to get to… 40. bring many advantages三．重点句型1. Now the government has turned the place intoa park,and we have a large shopping mall and a theatre too.2.The town has changed a lot over the years=Great changes have taken place in the town over the years=There have been great changes in the town over the years.3.The pollution was terrible then because the factory used to dump its wasteinto the river4. It’s nice to have open space and pretty gardens.5. They have moved to other areas in Beijing, and I feel a bit lonely from time to time.ter, the government realized it was a serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.7. I had an interview with Daniel’s grandpa this morning.8.It’s difficult for him to see some of them as often as bofore.9. I must say that it’s the best model I have ever seen10. There are now many new words, new buildings and a lot more people.11.Today, Daniel lent me a book about Starlight Town in the past and the present.12.The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people.13. I’m happy that she has time to relax more.四．语法知识1．现在完成时的概念，结构以及在各种句式中的运用基本结构为have/has+过去分词（1）表示过去发生的行为，动作，情况对现在的影响或造成的结果。

牛津英语8Bunit1 past and present课文要点全解Comic strip1.I've just eaten it我刚把它吃了。

(教材第6页)just此处用作副词，意为“刚刚,刚才”,通常与现在完成时连用。

Mr Wang has just left our classroom,王老师刚刚离开我们的教室。

I've just heard the news.我刚听到这个消息。

[拓展]①just副词，还可意为“正好，恰好;仅仅，只是”，起加强语气的作用。

This jacket is just my size.这件夹克衫正合我的尺码。

He is just a child他仅仅是一个孩子。

I just want to talk to you.我只是想和你谈谈。

②.just own意为“刚才”相当于a moment ago,.常用于句来，用于一般过去时态的句子中。

I met one of my friends in the street just now.我刚才在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。

③just then意为“就在那时”。

Just then, someone knocked at the door.就在那时，有人敲门。

中考●链接I'm not hungry because I have ______had lunch.A.everB. neverC. justD. still解析:我们可用“前后照应法”解答此题。

ever"曾经”;never“从不” ;just“刚才，刚刚”;sill还;仍”。

由主句句意“我不饿”可推知从句句意应为“因为我刚吃过午饭”。

故选C。

答案:C2.Why?为什么? (教材第6页)这是一个省略问句，其完整形式是"Why did you cat my food?。

why引导的特殊疑问句用来询问原因，通常用because (因为)引导的句子来回答。

8B Unit1重点词组、句型及语法复习提纲序号Chinese English1 过去和现在past and present2 在过去in the past3 在现在at present / at the moment4 不再not any more / not any longer5 自那以后since then6 作一个历史课题do a history project7 在过去的100年里over the past 100 years8 某地的变化the changes to sp9 写一个关于…的报道write a report on10 不同时代的运输方式transport at different times11 回顾过去look back to the past12 采访某人interv iew sb / have an interview withsb.13 很了解某人know a lot about sb14 搬到/搬进/搬出/搬离move to/ into / out of/ away15 在中国的南部地区in the southern part of China16 A 与B 结婚 A marry B / A be/get married to BA andB get married17 曾经去过/已经去了/待在某地have been to/ have gone to/ have beenin sp.18 实际上in fact19 巨大的变化great changes20 变成公园turn into a park / change into a park21 想念我的老朋友miss my old friends22 打牌下棋play cards and Chinese chess23 起飞（脱衣）take off24 对…感到满意be pleased with25 去某地的快乐之旅a pleasant trip to sp.26 过去常做/过去是used to do / used to be27 习惯于做某事be used to doing28 被用来做某事be used to do sth29 倒入dump into30 废物中的毒素the poison in the waste31 降低污染reduce the pollution32 在某些方面in some ways33 不时from time to time34 有开阔的空间have open space35 把它扔掉throw it away36 和…一样，也，一起as well as37 北京历史的展览an exhibition of the history of Beijing38 和以前一样经常as often as before39 一张近照 a recent photo40 带来好处bring some advantages41 给人们带来麻烦cause many problems for people42 给他们带来幸福生活bring them a happy life43 一个新的旅游胜地 a new tourist attraction44 想起think of45 确保做某事be sure to do46 远离be far from47 一点也不n ot… a bit48 非常n ot…a little49 周围的青山绿水green hills and rivers around50 把某物落在某地leave sth sp51 和某人一起拍照take photos with sb52 拍某人的照片take photos of sb53 处于使用中be in service / be in use54 乘…去某地take … to sp /go to sp by….55 靠近next to56 更少的发展less development57 放学后在学校和朋友聊天stay after school to chat with friends58 同意某人的观点agree with sb59 同意做某事agree to do60 有更多的时间放松自己have more time to relax oneself61 在小学in primary school62 有同感have the same feeling63 自然美景natural beauty64 顺便问一下by the way二、重点句子及句型：1. ----Eddie，have you seen my food ? ----Yes. I’ve just eaten it.factory used to dump its waste into the river.（didn’t use to do/used not to do）have known the place since I was very young.lived together till 1965 when I got married.5.China has changed a lot. = Great changes have happened to China.= There have been gr eat changes in China.of them have moved to other areas and I feel a bit lonely from time to time.cannot see their friends as often as before.government realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.has lived with Millie since he was born./last year/3years a go.have gone to the cinema already. John has been to the USA a few times. come to school by bus on my ownthinks he is unlucky enough to see the changes to Sunshine Town.will stay there for a whole week to enjoy the sun and the beach.wish you a happy holiday. = I wish you will have a happy holiday.changes to Moonlight Town have brought many benefits but they have also caused many problems for people.16. Some animals and plants have lost their living areas because of these change s.17. It no longer provides a good environment for wildlife. = It does n’t providea good environment for wildlife any longer., let me show you how to get to the train station.三、语法：1.现在完成时用法一：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响。

Unit 1 Past and present 过去和现在【重点词汇】1.pass-passed-passed 过去past(1)[n.]过去①in the past在过去(2)[adj.]从前的；刚过去的①in the past few weeks近几周(3)介词[prep.]（表示时间）在...之后；经过①twenty past five 5点二十(4)[adv.]经过①walk past走过2.present现在,目前at present目前，现在(1)[n.]礼物，礼品(2)[v.]赠送；颁发，授予(3)[adj.]①出席，在场（作表语或后置定语）②现存的，现在的（做前置定语）3.just [adv.]刚才（常与现在完成时连用）(1)恰好，正好相当于exactly(2)仅仅是；只是相当于only(3)just then就在那时相当于at that moment(4)just与just now区别①just常与现在完成时连用，位于实义动词之前，助动词、情态动词或系动词之后②just now常与一般过去时连用，相当于a moment ago，通常位于句末4.change(1)[v.]改变，更换①change/turn...into... 把...变成...(2)[n.]变化，变革；零钱（不可数名词）5.since[conj.]&[prep.]自……以来6.ever[adv.]曾经7.northern北方的，北部的southern western eastern8.married已婚的，结婚的(1)get married结婚(2)be married已婚(3)be/get married to sb.与某人结婚9.wife妻子-wives[pl.](1)knife-knives(2)wolf-wolves(3)thief-thieves(4)half-halves(5)leaf-leaves10.away[adv.]离开，在（某距离）处(1)go away离开(2)right away立刻(3)take away带走(4)run away逃离(5)put away收起来(6)far away远离(7)keep...away from... 使...远离...11.block街区12.pollution污染;污染物(1)[v.]pollute(2)light pollution光污染(3)air pollution空气污染(4)water pollution水污染(5)noise pollution噪声污染13.problem[n.]问题，难题(1)question与ask/answer(2)problem难以解决问题solve/work out连用14.factory工厂15.waste(1)废料;废品（不可数名词）(2)[n.]浪费，可以和冠词a连用(3)[adj.]废弃的，无用的；荒芜的(4)[v.][新义]浪费，滥用①waste sth. on sth.浪费某物在某物/事上②waste sth. (in) doing sth.浪费某物做某事16.realize[v.]意识到；实现(1)realize实现，是及物动词，被实现(2)come true实现，成为现实，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态17.situation形势，情况18.husband丈夫19.impossible[adj.]不可能的(1)impossibly[adv.](2)possible[adj.]-possibly[adv.](3)possibility[n.]可能性20.interview采访;会见[新义]n.对……进行面试;采访21.environment环境condition环境，条件，状况22.lonely和alone(1)lonely形容词孤独的，强调人的内心感受；偏僻的。

牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B Unit 1 Past and present一、词组1)过去常常做某事used to do sth2)习惯做某事be/get used to doing sth3)被用来做某事be used to do sth4)对某人友好be kind to sb5)和某人分享某物share sth with sb6)做一份历史课题do a history project7)这些年，历年over the years8)北京的变化the changes in Beijing9)不同时代的运输工具transport at different times10)不同形式的交通工具different forms of transport11)等候下一班公交车wait for the next bus12)搬家move house13)居住在城镇的北部live in the northern part of town14)和某人结婚get/be married to sb15)结婚marry sb16)从那以后since then17)把……变成……turn… into …18)一家钢铁厂 a steel factory19)往河里扔废物put the waste into the river20)采取措施改善在这种情况take action to improve the situation21)在某种程度上in some ways22)我的大部分老朋友most of my old friends23)像以前一样经常as often as before24)打牌和下中国象棋play cards and Chinese chess25)感觉有一点孤独feel a bit lonely26)有时，偶尔from time to time / sometimes27)发生take place28)阳光镇的历史the history of Sunshine Town29)采访某人interview sb/have an interview with sb30)某人的一生all one’s life31)在过去/在现在/在将来in the past/at present/ in the future32)教许多关于中国的历史teach a lot about the history of China33)学习更多关于北京的过去和现在learn more about Beijing’s past and present34)听说这部电影hear about the film35)计划做某事plan to do sth36)居住环境，居住条件living conditions37)干净又新鲜的空气clean and fresh air38)从……返回return from / come back from39)回到……return to40)出国/ 国内外go abroad /at home and abroad41)和……保持联系keep in touch with42)主要通过电子邮件交流mainly communicate by email43)让交流变得容易的多make communication much easier44)玩乐的好去处 a good place to have fun45)穿过城镇的中心run through the centre of the town46)很快适应生活的变化get used to the changes of life quickly47)独自、独立on one’s own48)大的空地large open space49)在两边on both sides/on each/either side50)享受舒适的生活enjoy a comfortable life51)搬到/搬进/搬出move to /move into / move out of52)水/噪音/空气污染water/noise/air pollution/noise53)乘汽车往返城镇travel to and from the town54)听收音机listen to the radio55)在他们的空余时间in their free time二、句型1. 后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。

Unit1 Past and Present课堂知识点重点笔记讲义牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B U1 Past and presentComic strip-Welcome to the unit Key points01.现在完成时的结构▲①现在完成时的结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词, 助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用has。

▲②现在完成时通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。

◆in the past/last ten/few years 在过去的十/几年里◆over the past/last ten/few years 在过去的十/几年里02.ago adv.以前▲ago的时间参照点是现在或说话的当时，通常与一般过去时连用。

看到ago，通常用一般过去时▲before通常用来表示“过去"的某个时间点之前，一般与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。

速记小法：before和ago巧记口诀:before常在点之前，ago总在段之后，before时态不确定，过去时中用ago。

▲before adv.以前，过去prep.在......之前▲before doing sth.03.just adv.刚才just可用于现在完成时中，置于助动词与实义动词之间，意为“刚才”。

◆just now = a moment ago 刚才(常用于一般过去时)◆just/wait a moment/minute 等一会儿；等一下；就来了；请稍等◆just then = at that moment 就在那时(常用于一般过去时)[单选常考混淆辨析]A.ever 曾经B. never 从不C.just 刚才D.still 仍然；依旧[联想拓展]→just = only adv.(加强语气)正好；仅仅，只不过→just adj.公正的；合适的ed to do sth.▲used to do sth. 过去常常做某事,表示过去经常性、反复性或习惯性的动作或状态，暗含的意思为“过去经常这样做，但现在却不这样做了"。

8B Unit1Past and present知识归纳与拓展【重点单词】1. present n. 现在，目前；礼物→ adj.目前的，现在的→ vt.呈现；赠送2. pollution n. 污染；污染物→ pollute vt. 污染3. waste n. 废料；废品→ vt.浪费4. impossible adj. 不可能的→ possible adj. 可能的5. communicate vi. & vt. 交流；传达→ communication n. 交流；交际6. exactly adv. 正是，没错→ exact adj. 精确的7. married adj. 已婚的→ marry vt. &vi. 结婚8. recently adv. 近来，最近→ recent ad j. 最近的9. northern adj.北方的，北部的→ north n. 北方st adv. 最近，上一次；最后→ adj. 最后的；最近的；最新的→ vi. 持续，维持【重点短语】1. share food with me和我分享食物2. all one's life某人的一生3. used to go to school by bike过去常常骑自行车上学4. since then从那以后5. in the northern part of town在城镇的北部6. turn part of the town centre into a new park把镇中心的一部分变成一个新公园7. take action to improve the situation采取措施改善状况8. move away搬走9. feel a bit lonely感到有点儿孤单10. from time to time有时，不时11. get married结婚12. take place发生；举行13. enjoy a comfortable life享受一种舒适的生活14. move into new flats搬进新公寓15. return from the USA从美国回来16. go abroad出国17. keep in touch with each other彼此保持联系18. on one’s own靠某人自己；独自19. in some ways在某些方面20. communicate by email通过电子邮件交流【重点句型】1. ... and it took a long time to wait for the next one. ( P7 )原句意为：……等候下一班车要用很长时间。

第八讲- Unit 1 Past and present （2）适用学科英语适用年级初二适用区域江苏本讲时长90分钟知识点1.掌握第一单元重点短语知识点2. 现在完成时用法教学目标1知识目标：能够掌握本单元的单词2.技能目标：掌握现在完成时3.情感目标：让学生学会描述过去已经发生的事情，能在语境中熟练地运用现在完成时，要系统练习。

教学重难点现在完成时教学过程一．知识讲解一．重点词汇1.marry sb/get married to /be married to/marry sb to sb2.past(1)n. in the past(2) adv. They went past just now.(3) adj in/during the past few years)(4) prep. It’s half past two.(c.f. passed)3.present n.(1)=gift (2) at presentv. present sb with sth ( presentation)adj. not absent4. over (1)prep. (1)all over the world(2)=more than(3) (c.f. above, on)(4) over the past 100 years(2)adv. be overPhrases: over and over again, come over, all over,go over,over again5. times:at different times;three times a day; at t imes;The New York Times6.south(n.) southern(adj.) : in the southern part of the town7.turn: v.turn round;turn left/right; turn gray; turn into;turn up/down; turn on/offn. take tu rns to do sth; It’s one’s turn to do sth; wait for one’s turn8. alone (c.f. lonely)9. used to; be used to do sth; be used to doing sth10. waste: v. waste time doing sthn. dump waste into the river; It’s a waste of time to do sth11.poison (n.) poisonous (adj.)12.pollute: (v) pollute the air/water pollution(n.) air pollution13.in some ways;in many ways;in the way; on the way to…; by the way14.a bit (c.f. a little)15.throw:( throw-threw-thrown) throw away; throw at…16.interview: (interview sb;have/give an interview with sb.)17.luck: (c.f. lucky,unlucky, luckily, unluckily)good luck to sb, good luck with sth18.unpleasant: (c.f. please,pleased, pleasing, pleasant, unpleasant, pleasure)19.unhealthy: (c.f. health, healthy,healthily,healthier)20.own: (v.) own a shop owner(adj.) my own bookon one’s own, of one’s own21.develop: ( developed, developing, development)22. lend: (lend-le nt-lent) (c.f. borrow)23.attraction: (attract, attractive, attraction) a tourist attraction24.since(1) +Clause He hasn’t been home since he graduatedSince you are nit interested, I won’t tell you ab out it.(2)+n. They have been friends since childrenhood.ever since (c.f. since then)since/for二．重点词组1一个小时前 an hour ago2同某人一起玩 play with sb3在过去的一百年里 over the past 100 years4不同时期的运输 transport at different times5轻轨 light rail6采访某人 interview sb = have an interview with sb7从那时起 since then8搬家 move house9住在城南 live in the southern part of town10住在一起 live to gether11结婚 get / be married12在…镇中心 in the center of town13给我们买一套新房子 buy us a new flat14改变许多 change a lot15在过去 in the past16小饭店 small restaurants17把…变成turn…into18打牌 play cards19下中国象棋 play Chinese chess20一家鞋厂 a shoe factory21水污染 water pollution22过去常常做某事 used to do23被用来做… be used to do24习惯做… be used to doing25把废物倒入河中 dump waste into the river26废物中的毒素 the poison in the waste27杀死鱼和植物 kill fish and plants28一个非常严重的问题 a very serious problem29采取行动降低污染 take action to reduce the pollution 30干净多了 much cleaner31在某些方面 in some ways32开阔的空间 open space33看望我的一些老朋友 see some of my old friends34搬出/进/到 move out of….. /into / to35感到一点寂寞 feel a bit lonely36有时，时不时 from time to time37像以前一样经常 as often as before38镇的历史 the history of the town39非常了解某人 know sb very well40看到阳光镇的变化 see the changes to Sunshine Town 41修理十多辆自行车 repair over ten bicycles42在过去的一个世纪里 over the past century43 喜欢展览 enjoy the exhibition44听说某事 hear about something45北京的过去与现在Beijing’s past and present46在那里呆整整一星期 stay there for a whole week47 事实上 in fact48 我看过的最好的模型 the best model I have seen49 借给某人某物 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb50 例如 for example51 投入使用中 be in service52 乘汽车往返城镇 travel to and from town by bus53 在小学 in primary school54送我去上学 take me to school55独自地 on one’s own56 有更多的空余时间 have more free time57 有时间放松 have time to relax58 有同样的感觉 have the same feeling59 喜欢与…聊天 enjoy chatting with…60 新鲜的空气 fresh air61 一个新的火车站 a new railway station62 现代化的生活 a modern life63 更快更容易 faster and easier64 带来许多好处 bring many advantages65引发许多问题 cause many problems66 你报告的题目 the title of your report67 最近的照片 the recent photo68 在钟楼的旁边 next to the clock tower69 不再not… any more= no longer / no more70 一个新的旅游景点 a new tourist attraction三．重点句型1. Now the government has turned the place intoa park,and we have a large shopping mall and a theatre too.2.The town has changed a lot over the years=Great changes have taken place in the town over the years=There have been great changes in the town over the years.3.The pollution was terrible then because the factory used to dump its wasteinto the river4. It’s nice to have open space and pretty gardens.5. They have moved to other areas in Beijing, and I f eel a bit lonely from time to time.ter, the government realized it was a serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.7. I had an interview with Daniel’s grandpa this morning.8.It’s difficult for him to see some of the m as often as bofore.9. I must say that it’s the best model I have ever seen10. There are now many new words, new buildings and a lot more people.11.Today, Daniel lent me a book about Starlight Town in the past and the present.12.The changes to Moonlight Town have brought many advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people.13. I’m happy that she has time to relax more.语法一. 定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

Unit 1 Past and present一. 教学内容：Unit 1 Past and presentwords, phrases and sentences二. 教学目标：掌握Unit 1的词汇及词性变化和课文中的重点词组、句型的结构和用法Unit 1 Past and present（一）基础词汇过去，往事past目前，现在present(n. 现在，通常与过去、将来相对应。

The past, the present and the future . 过去、现在和将来。

at present. 此刻、现在: I’m afraid I can’t help you just at present. ----- I’m too busy. 很抱歉，我现在帮不了你，----- 实在太忙了。

adj. 现在的。

the present day当今、现今。

Most young people enjoy listening to popular music the present day. )刚刚just(just, adv. 刚才。

常用于完成时态，在美式英语中用于一般过去时。

)I have just seen John. 我刚才见到约翰了。

I just saw him. (a moment ago). ( U. S)我（几分钟前）看到他的。

( U. S)自……以来since(since. 后面通常接点时间来表示一段时间。

例如：since 1984 自从1984年一直到现在。

since 3 days ago. 自从三天前一直到现在，也可以说成for 3 days 通常用how long提问。

How long has your uncle lived here? Since 1980. )南方的southern到……时till已婚的married(marry. vt. vi marry sb. 与某人结婚；嫁或娶某人。

Unit 1 Past and present译林英语八年级下册第1知识点总结【重点短语、句型】1. repair over/ more than ten bicycles 修理超过10辆自行车2. teach us a lot about the history of China 教我们很多有关中国的历史3. the changes in Beijing 北京的变化4. during/in/over the past century 在过去一个多世纪里5. learn more about Beijing’s past and present 对北京的过去和现在了解更多6. hear about/of…hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter=receive/get a letter from sb. 听说7. living conditions 居住条件8. return sth. to sb. 收到某人来信9. make communication much easier 使交流更方便，使得联系更容易10. go/travel/study abroad 去国外11. at primary school 在小学12. keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系13. communicate with sb. 和某人保持联系14. take place 发生（有目的有计划的）（happen偶然发生)15. Many changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家发生了许多变化。

16. travel to and from the town by bus, taxi or train 乘汽车，出租车或火车进出小镇旅游17. green hills all around 青山环绕18. a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心19. get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化get/be used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯某事/ 习惯做某事20. many of Mr Chen’s friends 陈先生的许多朋友21. on one’s own = by oneself = alone 独自22. throw rubbish 扔垃圾 rubbish everywhere 到处是垃圾23. enjoy a comfortable life 品味舒适的生活24. in some large open spaces 在一些大的开阔的地方25. move into new flats 搬进新公寓26. in their free time 在他们业余时间27. travel around the town 在镇里转转28. on both sides of the street = on each side of the street 在街道两边29. have their own cars= have cars of their own 拥有他们自己的汽车【考点精讲】一、核心词汇1．past n．[考点点拨] past作名词，意为“过去”，其还可作介词和形容词，可用于如下情况：in the past（n．）在过去；half past(prep.)five 5点半；in the past(adj.)three years在过去的3年里。

教学目标：学习本单元重要的词汇以及知识点1 . past and presentpast n.过去",adj.过去的,昔日的adv.〔路〕过,〔经〕过in the past在过去〔句中用一般过去时〕,in the past+一段时间〔句中用现在完成时〕We can't change the past, but we can try to forget.Peple lived a hard life in the past.In the past three years, we have planted many years.Present n.现在,目前,礼物〔=gift〕 at present目前,现在People live a happy life at present.I received many birthday presents.2 . ago and beforeago: “以前〞以现在为起点,放在表示一段时间的词语后, 只用于一般过去时before：“以前〞置于句尾或表示一段时间的词语后,指从过去某一时刻算起的一段时间以前,用于现在完成时He joined the Party a moment ago.They have moved to Shanghai three years before.3 .just and just nowjust:刚刚,刚刚,常用于完成时态,放在助动词之后,行为动词之前just now:刚刚, 常用于一般过去时,放于句尾4 .You've changed , Eddie.change. v.改变,变化,交换,替换change-♦ .into-♦..把 ... 变成...change ...... for -.用.... 交换...Nothing will change my mind.May I change this pair of shoes for a bigger pair?n.变化〔可数名词,一般用复数〕,零钱〔不可数名词〕They are talking about he changes to the big city.Here is your change.5 .You used to share food with me.Share sth. With sb.与某人分享某物used to do sth ."过去常常"〔表示过去存在但现在已经不存在的状况或习惯. 〕没有人称和数的变化,可以看做情态动词.否认式：didn't use to do/usedn't to do 疑问式：Used + 主语+to do•••.?/ Did + 主语+use to do..?be/get used to doing sth/sth "习惯于,适应于“可用于各种时态. to为介词,其后+名词、代词、动名词.I used to go to school on foot. Now I go to school by bike.She gets used to running in the morning.6.I ve lived here since I was born.Since在现在完成时中的用法：1〕现在完成时+since+过去的一个时间点如：年、月、日期、钟点等；I have been here since 1989.2〕现在完成时+since+一段时间+ago;We have known him since three years ago.3〕现在完成时+since+从句〔从句用一般过去时〕.Great changes have taken place since you left.4〕It is + 一段时间+since从句〔从句用一般过去时〕It is two years since I left school.例：Miss lin a lot of work for the poor area since 2001.A.doesB. didC.has doneD.will do.6 . ..... i n the northern part of town ....................Northern adj.北方的,北部的n. north北,北方,北部In the northern part of ...... 〔=in the north of .... 〕在... 的北部类似词：east n东,东方,东部eastern adj.东方的,东部的West n.西,西方,西部western adj.西方,西部South n,南,南方,南部southern adj.南方的,南部的In the north of on the north of to the north of例：-Shanghai is a modern city. It is the east of China.A.onB.inC.at D to7 .when I got married •••..Married adj.已婚的,结婚的be married 〔to sb〕表示状态, get married 〔to sb〕表示动作The old couple have already been married for fifty years.She got married to a man from her hometown.Marry vt./vi "娶,嫁,〔与……〕结婚〞Marry sb =be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚Marry sb. to sb.将某人嫁给某人,为某人娶亲8 .Now the government has turned part of the town into a new park.9 .pollution n.污染,污染物,〔不可数名词〕“与……结婚〞Turn ….into…把 .... 变成... Eg:Turn . v.转,旋转,变得She turned the key in the lock. n.转弯,转向,轮流Take the second turn on the left. turn v.使变成,成为The earth turns round the sun.It's your turn to read now.相关短语：Turn on 翻开turn off 关闭Turn left /right 向左、右转In turn轮流turn up开大,调高turn cold/warm 变冷/暖it's one's turn to do sthturn down调低,减小,拒绝轮到某人做某事The water pollution has caused many problems.Pollute v.污染后接名词、代词作宾语We love the sea, yet we pollute.Pollution 相关短语：Air pollution 空气污染 white pollution 白色污染 noise pollution 噪音污染Water pollution 水污染 waste pollution 废物污染译：空气污染已经引发了许多问题.10 .waste n.废料,废品为不可数名词 Put all the waste in this bag. v.浪费 Don't waste your time,please.Adj. 无用的, 浪费的There are two waste paper baskets in the room. 11 .in some ways 在某种程度上,在某些方面,Way n.道路,方法,方式I don't know the way to the zoo.相关短语：译：在某些方面,她看起来像她的妈妈. 12.lonely and alonealone 可以作形容词,“单独的只能作表语,不能作定语He was alone in the house.也可以做副词.He came alone.是 单独’的意思,不含感情色彩lonely 既可以作定语,也可以作表语.作表语是寂寞‘、孤立’的意思,一般指人孤独寂寞；作定语指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的感 情色彩 She lives alone ,but she doesn't feel lonely.She felt lonely when she was left alone.13.from time to time 偶尔,不时( =sometimes/ at times )Time 相关短语：Have a good /wonderful time 玩的开心、愉快It 'time (for sb.) to do sth.该是某人做某事的时间了In time 及时 on time 准时 have(no) time to do sth.有/无时间做某事译：我们已经许多年没见面了,但我们不时的通邮件.14.interview n.采访,会见,面谈,面试Have an interview with sb. 采访某人I had an interview with a famous host last ninght.v.访问,会见,面谈,面试 interview sb. (=Have an interview with sb.采访某人 When will you go to interview the famous actor? All the way 一路上,沿着In the same way 用相同的方式By the way 顺便问一下this way 这边走 in different ways 用不同的方法 on the/one's way to 在/某人去 .... 的路上 lose one's way 迷路 No way 没门(口15. She ; just returned from the USA.Return .v. 返回(=come back/go back ) 常与from /to 连用v.归还(=give back ) Return to +地点返回某个地方My mother returned from the market ten minutes ago, 返回I returned home very late. 返回You must return the book next Monday..归还16. abroad adv.在国夕卜He has lived abroad for many years.相关短语：Go abroad 去国夕卜live abroad 住在国夕卜at home and abroad 在国内夕卜return from abroad 从国夕卜回来17. We mainly communicate by email.Communicate vi/vt 交流,交际沟通n munication 交流,交际communicate with sb 与某人交流译：父母常会发现很难跟他们的孩子沟通练习：1. -when did you have your school trip? -.A.In five yearsB.For five yearsC. Twice a dayD.Five days ago2. He has never been to London.A.agoB.beforeC. last yearD. this year3. T have finished my homework. What about you?-I finished it.A.just,justB.just now,just nowC.just,just nowD.just now,just4.I'm happy to see great have taken place in my hometown.A. experiencesB.advantagesC.dreamsD.changes5 .Let's not worry about our problems. We should change our problems the chances.A.intoB.toC.forD.as6 .He used to in a small village, but now he has been used to in a big city.A.live, livingB.live, liveC.living, livingD.living, live7 .-Have you got any books on english grtammar? -yes, here you are, but you must it by Friday.A.returnB.return backC.backD.give8 . Though he is at home, he doesn't feel for he has many things to do.A.alone,loneyB.lonely,aloneC.alone, alone Dlonely, lonely9 .He is poor now.,when he was young he was rich in this town.A.ButB. ThoughC. AlthoughD. However1.1 last Sunday,when I got to the station, I I had left my ticket at home.A.understoodB.realizedC.believedD.seemed11 .He for ten years.A. has been marriedB. marriedC. got marriedD.has married12 .--have you been married? — for twenty years.A.How farB.How oftenC.How longD.How soon现在完成时4〕现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态, 往往和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的表示一段时间的状语连用,如：for +一段时间；since+时间点；since+一段时间+ago; since+从句〔从句用一般过去时〕.I ve known this place for many years.His father has worked in the factory since 1991.Mary has finished the homework since twenty minutes ago.5〕表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果.常和以下时间状语连用：recently, already 〔肯定旬〕,yet 〔否认句和疑问句〕, never, ever, just, before 等We haven' t seen youcently. 最近我们没有见到你.I haven't had my breakfast yet.Have you ever been to the Great Wall?3现在完成时还表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间内反复发生的动作或屡次出现的状态. .We have had four texts this semester.I have been to the Summer Palace twice.总结：现在完成时的标志词〔或称时间副词〕：句型结构：1 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2 .否认句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他Y 3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？Yes,主语+have/has. No ,主语+have/has+not4 .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?举例：现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他,have/has+not+主语?主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他, have/has+主语? She has finished her homework, hasn't she?I haven't had my breakfast yet, have I?。