英美概况10 The United States

THE USAGeography and People1.The United States of America (Since 1775)2. The National Flag：The Stars and Stripes(星条旗) OR popularly known as the Old Glory美国国旗的爱称3. The National Anthem：The Star-Spangled Banner星条旗之歌4. Capital City: Washington, District of Columbia (The District of Columbia was named after Christopher Columbus and the city Washington was named after George Washington. The city is governed directly by the Federal government. 哥伦比亚特区以克里斯托弗.哥伦布命名，华盛顿以华盛顿命名。

这个城市是由联邦政府直接管辖的。

)⏹Famous architectures: U.S. Capitol Hill 国会山; Pentagon（五角大楼the U. S. DefenseDepartment and the headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are in it）;White House; Lincoln Memorial [mə'mɔːrɪəl]林肯纪念堂，etc.5. Size：the 4th largest country in the world6. Administrative Divisions: America consists of 50 states and a federal district, the District of Columbia. Two of the 50 states, Alaska and Hawaii, are separated from the continental America, which are the youngest states of the United States.7. Largest state: Alaska (the 49th state )Smallest state：Rhode island美国罗德岛州Largest city: New Y ork8. Landforms:Three major divisions⏹East—highlands：（Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉）⏹West—mountains：high plateaus['plætəʊ]高原(Cordillera[,kɔːdɪ'ljeərə]山脉Range: the Coast Range-the Sierra Nevada-the Cascades-the Rocky Mountains) 山脉范围:海岸山脉的林区的内华达州,Cascades-the 洛基山脉⏹In between—a vast plain region一个广阔的平原地区: The Great Plains大平原9. Highest point:The Sierra-Nevada内华达山脉: Mount Whitney惠特尼峰4418m(14,495 feet)the highest peak in the continental US（the highest peak of the USA is the Mount McKinley (20320 feet) in the south of Alaska）Lowest point: Death Valley死谷: in eastern California, 85 meters below sea level, the lowest point in the whole of N. America北美洲10. RiversThe Mississippi River, the most important and longest river in the US. This river is known to some native American Indians as ―the father of waters‖.父亲河The Missouri River密苏里河:Since the river runs through the dry west, it carries a large amount of topsoil表层土, so it is sometimes called as ―the Muddy泥泞的River‖.11. The Great Lakes⏹The Great Lakes are composed of five lakes: Lake Michigan['miʃiɡən]密歇根湖,Lake Superior苏必利尔湖, Lake Erie['iəri]伊利湖,Lake Huron['hjuərən]休伦湖and Lake Ontario[ɔn'tεəriəu]安大略湖.⏹Among the five lakes, only Lake Michigan belongs to the US completely while the other four are shared by the United States and Canada.⏹Lake Superior (82,414 km2 ), is the largest freshwater lake (by surface area) in the world.12. Natural Resources1) Large supplies of fresh water has played a very important part in America’s growth2) Rich in lumber resources3) The United States is also rich in mineral resources. ―Gold Rush‖: A rush of migrants [ 'maɪɡrənts ]移民者to an the western where gold was discovered in California in 184813. Principle Cities:Now Y ork: The S tatue of Liberty a gift from the French people in 1886, was placed on Liberty Island，The United Nations headquarters stands along the East River at 42nd Street in the city. 联合国总部位于沿着城市东河的第四十二条街上Philadelphia [ ˌfɪlə'delfjə ]费城the seat of the Continental Congress大陆会议所在地.⏹The First and Second Continental Congresses (1774 and 1775-1776) and the Constitutional Convention制宪会议(1787) met in the city, which served as the capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800.⏹Independence Hall: It was in this hall that the American Declaration of Independence美国独立宣言was signed on July 4, 1776 and Constitution of the US was framed美国宪法框架San Francisco: The Chinatown in San Francisco is the largest Chinese settlement in the US. The Golden Gate BridgeDetroit底特律[dɪ'trɔɪt] ：the largest center of the automobile industry in the US and is known as“the Mo tor City”汽车城Houston[ˈhju:stən]休斯顿: “Space City, USA.”太空城14. Population Distribution人口分布: Uneven不均匀&High urbanization15. From the “ Melting Pot大熔炉”--a country of many racial and ethnic[ˌeθnɪk]民族groups from different parts of the world , who came to the New World to seek for freedom in politics or religion.T o the “Salad Bowl沙拉碗” -- However, this country is tolerant and allow people with different cultural background to keep their own distinct culture and custom.16. The different ethnic groups:Native Americans --American IndiansWhite Anglo-Saxon Protestants (W ASPs) --- the dominant ethnic group占主导地位的民族Black People ----African American----the largest ethnic-racial minority groupHispanics西班牙裔---- the largest ethnic minorityAsian Americans have always been a small community.17. P.107Immigration Act of 1924 (restrict further immigration particularly from Europe)Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments《移民与国籍法修正案》18. P.107 The dominant American cultureThe dominant American culture is English-speaking, Western European, Protestant and middle-class in character. The first immigrants formed the land’s basic cultural values as freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living. (占美国文化主导地位的是说英语的人们，包括了西欧，新教和一些中产阶级。

The United States of AmericaPart 1The Country and The American IdentityCommon-sense Knowledge1、全称：The United States of America (美利坚合众国)2、简称： the United States;the U.S.; America.3、National Anthem：《星条旗永不落》 "The Star-Spangled Banner（同时可以叫做国旗）"1931年被美国国会正式定为国歌。

4、National Flower：Rose5、Jet lag: About 16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours (east of America).（了解）6、The Capital: Washington D.C.为纪念美国国父乔治-华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布Christophe而定名7、绰号：山姆大叔（Uncle Sam）Location1、Canada on the north； Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south ；Atlantic Ocean on the east； Pacific Ocean on the west.2、The largest country in the world：Russia，Canada， China，America，brazil，Australia.3、50 states in totalAlaska—the largest ；Rhode Island (罗德岛州)—the smallest ；Texas（德克萨斯州）—the largest on the mainland4、著名城市Boston是Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州的首府5、两边两座山，中间一条河。

英美概况名词解释英美概况是指英国和美国的基本情况和特点。

下面是对英美概况中一些重要名词的解释：1. 英国（United Kingdom）：由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成的岛国。

英国是世界上最古老的民主国家之一，拥有丰富的文化遗产，包括莎士比亚、披头士乐队等。

2. 美国（United States of America）：由50个州组成的联邦共和国，位于北美洲。

美国是世界上最强大的经济体之一，以及军事、科技、文化等各个领域的重要国家。

3. 英语（English）：英国和美国的官方语言，也是世界上被广泛使用的语言之一。

英国英语和美国英语在语音、发音、词汇等方面有一些差异，但是基本互通。

4. 联合国（United Nations）：成立于1945年的国际组织，致力于维护国际和平与安全、促进全球合作与发展。

英国和美国都是联合国的创始成员国，并在联合国中扮演着重要角色。

5. 环境保护（Environmental Protection）：指保护和改善环境，减少对环境的破坏。

英国和美国都高度重视环境保护，推行一系列措施，如减少污染排放、保护自然资源、推动可持续发展等。

6. 市场经济（Market Economy）：一种经济体制，以市场为基础，由供求关系决定资源配置和价格形成。

英国和美国都采用市场经济模式，注重市场竞争和个体自由，以及保护产权和鼓励创新。

7. 民主制度（Democracy）：一种政治制度，主权由人民拥有，通过选举和公民参与来决定国家事务。

英国和美国都是民主国家，实行三权分立和代议制度，保障公民的基本权利与自由。

8. 文化多样性（Cultural Diversity）：指不同文化在一个社会、国家或地区共存，并且相互影响、交流的现象。

由于历史和移民等原因，英国和美国都具有丰富的文化多样性，包括语言、宗教、习俗、饮食等方面。

以上是对英美概况中一些重要名词的简要解释。

这些名词涉及到政治、经济、文化等多个领域，对于了解和认识英美两国有很重要的意义。

英美概况知识点总结英语1. Geography:The United Kingdom (UK) is located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It consists of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK has a diverse landscape, including rolling hills, mountains, and fertile plains. It is also known for its coastline and numerous islands.On the other hand, the United States (US) is a vast country in North America, with 50 states and a federal district. It is the fourth-largest country in the world by land area and has a diverse geography that includes mountains, plains, deserts, and coastlines, as well as the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.2. Politics and Governance:The UK is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarchy. The Head of State is the monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, while the Prime Minister is the head of the government. The UK Parliament has two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The political system is based on the principle of parliamentary sovereignty.In contrast, the United States is a federal republic with a presidential system. It has a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The President is both the head of state and the head of government, and the Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The US political system is based on the principles of federalism and checks and balances.3. Economy:The UK has one of the largest economies in the world, with a focus on services such as finance, healthcare, education, and creative industries. London is a global financial center, and the UK has a strong manufacturing and technology sector as well. It is also a member of the European Union, although it recently departed from the bloc following the Brexit referendum in 2016.The United States has the world's largest economy, characterized by its diversity and innovation. It is a global leader in technology, finance, entertainment, and manufacturing. The US economy is driven by private enterprise and innovation, with cities like New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco serving as major economic hubs.4. Education:The UK has a well-established education system, including prestigious universities such as Oxford and Cambridge. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16, and the system is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary (higher) education. The UK is known for its high-quality education and research facilities.In the United States, education is decentralized, with each state responsible for its own education system. The US has a wide range of educational institutions, including Ivy League universities, public and private colleges, and community colleges. The US is also a popular destination for international students seeking higher education.5. Culture and Society:Both the UK and the US have rich and diverse cultural traditions. The UK is known for its literature, theater, music, and art, with a strong influence from its historical legacy. British culture has also been shaped by its multicultural population, with significant contributions from immigrants and diverse ethnic communities.The US is a melting pot of cultures, influenced by the traditions of Native American, African, European, Asian, and Latin American communities. It has made significant contributions to global popular culture, including music, film, and sports. The US is also known for its emphasis on individualism and the "American Dream," the belief that anyone can achieve success through hard work and determination.6. Healthcare:The UK has a public healthcare system known as the National Health Service (NHS), which provides free or subsidized healthcare to all residents. The NHS is funded through taxation and offers comprehensive medical services, including primary care, hospital treatment, and emergency services.In the United States, healthcare is provided through a combination of private and public systems. While public programs like Medicare and Medicaid offer coverage to specific groups, the majority of Americans are covered by private health insurance. The US has a complex healthcare system with varying levels of access and quality, and healthcare costs are a major issue for many Americans.In conclusion, the United Kingdom and the United States are two influential and diverse countries with distinct characteristics in terms of politics, economy, education, culture, and healthcare. Despite their differences, they share a common language and history, and they continue to have a significant impact on global affairs. Understanding the nuances of these two nations can provide valuable insights into the complexities of international relations and the modern world.。

英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况复习资料英语国家概况是学习英语的重要一环，了解英语国家的历史、文化、地理等方面，有助于更好地理解和运用英语。

在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些关于英语国家的基本知识，帮助大家复习和加深对这些国家的了解。

一、英国（United Kingdom）英国是英语的发源地，也是英语国家中最重要的一个。

它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。

英国是一个具有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，拥有众多的文学、音乐和戏剧作品。

莎士比亚、狄更斯、毛姆等伟大的作家都出自英国。

此外，英国还有许多著名大学，如剑桥大学和牛津大学。

二、美国（United States）美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。

它拥有丰富的资源和多元化的文化。

美国是一个移民国家，各种不同的文化和宗教在这里融合。

美国有众多著名的城市，如纽约、洛杉矶和芝加哥，每个城市都有其独特的魅力和特色。

此外，美国还是全球科技和创新的领导者，许多世界知名的科技公司都来自美国。

三、加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲的一个国家，是英语和法语并存的国家。

加拿大是一个拥有广阔土地和丰富资源的国家，同时也是一个多元文化的国家。

加拿大的自然风光非常壮观，有着世界上最美丽的国家公园和湖泊。

此外，加拿大在教育和医疗领域也非常发达，拥有世界一流的大学和医疗系统。

四、澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，也是一个英语国家。

澳大利亚拥有宽广的土地和独特的动植物资源，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。

澳大利亚的自然环境非常独特，有着世界上最壮观的珊瑚礁和大堡礁。

此外，澳大利亚还以其高质量的教育和研究机构而闻名，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。

五、新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，也是一个英语国家。

新西兰的自然环境非常优美，有着壮丽的山脉、湖泊和海岸线。

新西兰是一个农业和旅游业发达的国家，其乳制品和葡萄酒在世界上享有盛誉。

1.The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states——Alaska in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii in the central Pacific.2.The United States can be divided into three parts:the eastern part, the western part,and the great central plain in between.3.The eastern part is made up of the highlands forms by the Appalachian Range.The western part consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range,extending from Canada through the western part of the United States to Mexico and further south.Between the Rocky Mountain and the Appalachians lies the central plain which occupies one second of America’s landmass on the continent.The western part of the central plain is also called the “Great Plain”.4.The three river system in the United States are the system of the Gulf,the system of the Atlantic and the system of the Pacific.The Mississippi River(father of waters) is the longest and the most important river in the system of the Gulf.There are no long rivers in the system of the Atlantic.In the system of the Pacific,there are two major rivers:the Columbia River and the Colorado River.The five Great Lakes lying between the boundary of Canada and the United States are:Lake Michigan(is wholly within the United States完全在美国),Lake Superior,Lake Erie,Lake Huron and Lake Ontario.Taking the country as a whole,we may classify the climate in the country as one of continental(大陆性气候) or as one mild subtropical(亚热带地区) zones with only the southern part of Florida being tropical(热带气候).The United States today is the fourth largest country in size in the world.In 1803,the United States took advantage of the European War and purchased the vast area of Louisiana from Napoleon from France.5.The number of the black people ranks next to that of the white, about 34 million altogether. The U.S.A. is honorably called “Melting Pot”(大熔炉), a phrase commonly used signify, the mixture and assimilation of different acres that have immigrated into the U.S.6.This is one of the richest section of the whole United States.It has large mineral resources，rich soil，a good climate，fertile plains and low rolling hills (以上的所有的内容适合农业的发展).7.At the end of 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century (19世纪末20世纪初) the American economy was transformed from free-market to monopoly and become a typical imperialist county (资本主义).8.Washington D.C. , the capital of the United States，situated on the Potomac River between the two states of Maryland and Virginia.Washington is the headquarter of all the branches of the American federal system:Congress ,the Supreme Court and the Presidency .9.Wall Street（华尔街）it is America’s financial nerve center(金融中心) . The world famous New York Stock Exchange (纽约证券交易市场) is diagonally across the stress.10.Philadelphia (费城) :The city ，the birthplace of the nation ,was founded in 1682 . The name has the meaning of “the city of brotherly love”.11.American history is generally agreed to have begun in 1607,when the first group of the British colonists went to America and started to build their settlement there.12.Modern American civilization is chiefly rooted in the Old ,that is the European culture which is deeply based upon the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations.13.Renaissance(文艺复兴)was a movement called “revival of learning”and a result some brave people started their expedition by sailing west across the Atlantic with a belief in heir mind that the earth was round.14.History will always remember two names——Christopher Columbus(哥伦布) and Amerigo Vespucci . It was they who discovered and identified the new continents.15.Magellan(麦哲伦) was the first man who sailed around the earth .This made a great contribution to man’s knowledge of geography for it proved ，for the first time ,that the earth was round .16.In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress was gathering in Philadelphia(费城).The Congress decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and to appoint George Washington as commander.According to the development of the situation, the Second Continental Congress decided to draw up a declaration of independence. The document was drawn by committee including Thomas Jefferson as head.The turning point of the war of independence.The victory of Saratoga(萨拉托加战役)was the turning point of the war.17. Three Great Tides(三大思潮):The first tide was the “Westward Movement”(西进运动)The second tide was about the two economic systems in the North and South.In the North the capitalist economy . The south is plantation economy .The third tide was the growth of the working class .The Westward Movement ,the two different economic systems of the North and the Sound and the upsurge of the worker’s movement formed the main aspects of the situation before the Civil War .18.In 1852,a novel entitled “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (汤姆叔叔的小屋) came out. It described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master.19.In 1860,Abraham Lincoln (林肯) was elect president . Consequently the South began to take action(南部想独立政权).They planned to set up a new country called “the Confederate Union of America”.Lincoln took two important measures. One was the “Homestead Bill’’ (宅地法),another was “the Emancipation Proclamation”(解放独立宣言).20.By 1900 ,the United States had 185 big trust(大托拉斯).This showed that the U.S. was in the transformation from nonmonopoly to monopoly capitalism(从非垄断主义到垄断主义). 21.In May 1886, a national strike occurred in support of the eight-hour workday . In Chicago,there took place an event known as “Haymarket Massacre”(秣市惨案).22.The United States had not entered the war until 1917. During the first three years after the breakout of the war , the U.S. took a neutral stand but sold many munitions to the allies from which in made huge profits(美国是中立国，倒卖军火发军事横财).Later the situation changed.22.The peace treaty was finally signed at Versailles (凡尔赛)near Paris on June 28th,1919.——the Paris Peace Treaty.23.The 1920’s was noted for the so-called “boom” or prosperity and isolationism while the 1930’s was characterized by the Great Depression and the “New Deal”.24. Roosevelt’s (罗斯福)“New Deal” (针对“the Great Depression”提出的)25.Then Japan joined together with the Axis powers, Germany and Italy.The incident of the attack on Pearl Harbor shook the whole country of the United States(珍珠港遇袭事件，导致美国参战).26.In April 1945, just at the end of the war , a conference was called at San Francisco in America, to organize the United Nations(联合国建立).27.There occurred six economic crises during the period of time from the end of the war to the middle of the 1970’s(二战结束后到21世纪中期).28.In April 1949, twelve nations established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO,北大西洋公约组织) to coordinate the military action of member nations against the SovietUnion(苏联).29.Stanford University：Motto of Stanford: The wind of freedom blows.Yale University:Motto of Yale : Light and Truth.Harvard University (Founding in 1636) (最早高等教育开始的标志):Motto of Harvard : Truth.30.Eight well-know Universities (Ivy League常春藤) in American: Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Y ale.31.Three Stages of American Education:Elementary Education( 6年)Secondary Education (6年)Higher Education（4年）32.Today the major wire services are the Associated Press(AP,美联社) and the United Press International(UPI,合众国联社).33.Washing Lrving:Regardless as the “f ather of American literature”.His most famousstory”Rip Van Winkle”.34.Nathaniel Hawthorne is a famous American writer in romantic fiction, a pioneer in psychological description, and the outstanding representative of the 19th century American literature.。