2014年北理工机车学院博士入学考试内容汇总

《北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试》北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题一PART ⅠReading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs. And the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line asthey cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossinga solid white area is overcome.1. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because______.A. tears cover the eyeballsB. the eyes are annoyed by blinding sunlightC. the eyes are annoyed by blinding snowD. there is nothing to focus on2. When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to______.A. clear the visionB. remedy snowblindnessC. ease the annoyanceD. loosen the muscles3. Snow-blindness may be avoided by______.A. concentration on the solid white areaB. providing the eyes with something to focus onC. searching for something to look at in snow-covered areasD. covering the eyeballs with liquid4. The first paragraph is mainly concerned with______.A. snow glare and snow blindnessB. the whiteness from snowC. headaches, watering eyes and snowb lindnessD. the need for dark glasses5. A suitable title for this passage would be______.A. Snowblindness and How to Overcome ItB. Nature' s Cure for SnowblindnessC. Soldiers in the SnowD. Snow VisionQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:There are great careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people Who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making generaljudgments. And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people' s work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a "trained" man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist-and especially the administrator-deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation.V ery rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you-but this is a pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.6. There is an increasing demand for______.A. all-round people in their own fieldsB. people whose job is to organize other people' s workC. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professionalD. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others7. The specialist is______.A. a man whose job is to train other peopleB. a man who has been trained in more than one fieldC. a man who can see the forest rather that the treesD. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters8. The administrator is______.A. a "trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalistB. a man who sees the tress as well as the forestC. a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD. a man who is an "educated" specialist9. During your training period it is important______.A. to try to be a generalistB. to choose a profitable jobC. to find an organization which fits youD. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist10. A man's first job______.A. is never the right job for himB. should not be regarded as his final jobC. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The world's population continues to grow. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in another 75 years. Experts long have been concerned about such growth Where will we find the food, water, jobs, houses, schools and health care for all these people?A major new study shows that the situation may be changing.A large and rapid drop in the world's birth rate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations,Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away from their homes instead of having children. And more governments, especially in developing nations, now support family planning programs to reduce population growth. China is one of the nations that has made great progress in reducing its population growth.China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. China now urges each family to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero populationgrowth, the number of births equaling the number of deaths, by the year 2000.Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts said that these nations could face a serious shortage of workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people.11. In Paragraph one, the sentence "Experts Dong have been concerned about such growth", the phrase "concerned about" is similar in meaning to______.A. worried aboutB. related toC. engaged inD. made a study of12. "Family planning programs" means______.A. birth control policy in a countryB. economic policy in a familyC. TV programs designed for a familyD. economic policy in a country13. The world's birth rate has dropped because______.A. people marry at a much later timeB. more birth control devices and methods have been usedC. women would rather go to study or work than have childrenD. all the above reasons are true14. By the year 2000, the number of births and the number of deaths in China will______.A. be greatly differentB. be equal to each otherC. drop a great dealD. become much larger15. Some time in the future, the people who are working in Europe would have to pay much higher taxes because______.A. more and more children will be bornB. fewer and fewer children will be bornC. they will be making a lot of moneyD. the number of retired people will become ever lingerQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph-a picture of a woman and a young gift about twelve years old, who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me.That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldn' t remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As thepolice sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it.16. The wallet which the writer found______.A. was emptyB. had some money in itC. had a few coins and a photograph in itD. had an old photograph in it17. The writer opened the wallet because he wanted to ______ in it.A. find some moneyB. find some goldC. find the owner' s nameD. find the owner' s photograph18. The writer recognized the young woman because______.A. he had met her somewhere beforeB. she was the old woman in the photographC. she often had dinner with his aunt and uncleD. she looked like the young girl in the photograph19. The young woman told of her loss of the wallet______.A. at the beginning of the dinnerB. during the conversationC. as soon as she saw the writerD. after the dinner20. The story was amazing because______.A. the writer found both the wallet and its ownerB. the finder and the loser of the wallet were old friendsC. the finder and the loser of the wallet met at the police stationD. the woman knew the writer and his unclePART ⅡTranslationSection A: Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese.21. Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment widely.22. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self respecting? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office as centers of production and work?23. The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows has not meant economic freedom.24. Employment became widespread when the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail andthen by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Section B :Translate the following paragraph into English.现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。

为了能让大家更加了解北京理工大学，挑选适合自己的专业，更好的复习，愿望盒子特地推出了北京理工大学备考手册，希望对大家有所帮助。

一、学校简介北京理工大学隶属于工业和信息化部，是一所理工为主、工理管文协调发展的全国重点大学，是新中国成立以来国家历批次重点建设的高校，首批设立研究生院，首批进入国家“211工程”和“985工程”建设行列。

北京理工大学是中国共产党创办的第一所理工科大学，她的前身是1940年创办于延安的自然科学院，李富春、徐特立、李强等老一辈无产阶级革命家先后担任学校的主要领导。

学校1943年成为延安大学自然科学院；1946年更名为晋察冀边区工业专门学校……【阅读全文】朴实严谨，北京理工大学校园美景欣赏二、研究生院简介北京理工大学的前身是中国共产党于1940年创办的延安自然科学院，现隶属国防科工委，是国防科工委、教育部、北京市人民政府重点共建的国家高水平重点大学。

北京理工大学研究生教育始于1953年，1978年恢复研究生教育，1981年被国务院批准为全国首批具有博士、硕士学位授权的单位之一，1984年被国务院批准为全国首批22所试办研究生院的大学之一。

目前，北京理工大学已形成了“以理工为主、工理文协调发展”的多学科研究生教育体系，已成为我国高层次人才培养的主要基地之一。

现在学校学科涉及10个学科门类，有11个博士学位授权一级学科点，61个博士学位授权点，144个硕士学位授权点……【阅读全文】三、各招生单位联系方式北京理工大学研究生院招生办公室联系方式北京理工大学2012年硕士研究生招生联系电话四、推荐免试北京理工大学2012年推荐免试攻读硕士生办法北京理工大学2011年接收推免硕士研究生办法北京理工大学2010年接收推荐免试研究生简章北京理工大学2009年接收外校本科推荐免生办法五、招生简章北京理工大学2012年攻读硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2011年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生简章北京理工大学2008年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2006年攻读硕士研究生招生简章北京理工大学2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生招生简章六、研究生招生学科目录北京理工大学2012年硕士研究生招生专业目录北京理工大学2011年硕士研究生招生专业目录北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生目录北京理工大学2008年硕士学位研究生招生专业目录七、初、复试参考书目北京理工大学2008年硕士学位研究生入学考试业务课参考书目北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生业务课参考书目八、历年分数线北京理工大学2012年考研复试线及相关工作安排北京理工管理与经济学院2011考研复试分数线北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生复试分数线北京理工大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试复试分数线北京理工大学2008年硕士生复试基本分数线北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试复试分数线北京理工大学2006年研究生复试分数线九、复试办法北京理工大学2012年考研复试相关工作安排北京理工大学各院系2012年考研复试安排汇总北京理工大学2011年硕士生复试相关安排北京理工大学各院系2010年硕士生复试通知总汇北京理工大学2010年硕士研究生复试工作安排十、奖、助学金北理工研究生奖学金制度是如何规定的？北理工研究生助学金制度是如何规定的？报考北京理工大学研究生的条件有哪些？十一、师资队伍北京理工大学师资力量十二、报考录取统计北京理工大学2008年硕士研究生报名录取情况统计表北京理工大学2007年硕士研究生报名录取情况统计表十三、资料及历年真题北京理工大学考研资料下载北京理工大学2012年专业课回忆版考研真题汇总北京理工大学2012年研究生招生简章+专业目录北京理工大学历年真题资料汇总贴十四、论坛资料合辑北京理工大学考研经验北京理工大学考研生存手册北京理工大学考研资料、经验心得汇总十五、各院系备考手册材料学院法学院管理经济学院光电学院化工环境学院化学学院机电学院机械车辆学院计算机学院教育研究院软件学院设计艺术学院生命学院数学学院外国语学院物理学院信息电子学院宇航学院自动化学院找视频资料，找研友，来愿望盒子！盒子祝您金榜题名~~如果有最新的备考计划我会随时更新到这里的~~请大家注册然后关注哈~~。

北交《机动车检测维修实务》拓展资源（五）第三章发动机的检测诊断我国汽车发动机检测与诊断技术研究现状分析摘要：当前汽车发动机检测与诊断设备不断地得到了更新和发展，特别是计算机技术的引入，促进了检测与诊断设备的更新换代。

文章主要分析了汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的发展动因，并对于当前我国汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的发展现状进行了综述。

关键词：汽车发动机检测与诊断汽车检修引言社会需求的牵引、政策法规的推动和技术的进步促使了现代汽车工业的迅速发展。

而随着汽车工业的进一步发展和有关汽车的各种法规的日趋完善和强化，人们对汽车性能指标的要求越来越高。

因此，汽车技术性能的检测与诊断工作显得越来越突出和重要。

本文主要基于此论述了当前汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的研究现状。

1 汽车发动机检测与诊断技术的发展动因由于发动机在运行过程中的工作过程参数、伴随过程参数川以及这些参数的变化趋势，与发动机的技术状况、故障状态及其发展趋势密切相关，因此，通过实时检测发动机的工作过程参数或伴随过程参数，并利用微机进行理论计算、统计分析和可视化显示，汽车使用和维护人员就可以轻易的判断出发动机的技术状况是否正常，发动机有无故障以及故障发展的趋势等，并可通过采取合理的措施，及时维护修理，消除故障隐患或排除已有故障。

准确、迅速地对汽车经济性进行检测并做出评价是非常必要的。

传统的测试方法是使汽车发动机在安装了流量传感器的情况下以一定负荷、车速进行路试或在底盘测功机上测试，检测出百公里燃油消耗量，从而确定汽车的燃油经济性。

由于这种测试方法存在着操作繁琐、信号滞后等缺点，而且电子控制燃油喷射系统大多数带有回油管且回油量较大、油压较高。

因此，有必要对电喷汽油发动机燃油消耗量的测试方法进行一些探索和研究汽车发动机检测与诊断技术是伴随着汽车技术的发展而发展的。

在汽车发展的早期，人们主要是通过有经验的维修人员发现汽车的故障并作有针对性的修理。

随着现代科学技术的进步，特别是智能传感器技术和计算机技术的进步，汽车发动机检测与诊断技术得到了飞速发展。

北理工考博辅导班：2019北京理工大学机械与车辆学院考博难度解析及经验分享北京理工大学机械与车辆学院2019 年博士研究生招生实行“申请―审核”制，符合《北京理工大学2019年博士研究生招生简章》中报考条件的申请人提交相关材料，依据考生申请材料的综合评价结果确定差额综合考核名单，经综合考核后择优推荐拟录取。

强军计划、少数民族骨干计划、论文博士等采取相同的办法同时进行。

一、院系简介北京理工大学机械与车辆学院是国内知名的机械类专业学院，综合实力处于国内同类高校前列，部分研究方向达到国际先进水平，建院以来为我国国民经济和国防工业培养了大批杰出人才。

学院下设车辆工程系、热能与动力工程系、制造工程系、交通工程系、机电科学基础部、工程训练中心、学科基础实验中心、学院办公室等单位。

学院现有教职工322人，其中教授60人，副教授及副高职称人员123人，学院在校学生约3235人。

学院拥有机械工程一级学科、动力机械及工程二级学科等2个国家重点学科;拥有车辆工程、动力机械及工程、机械制造及其自动化、精密与微纳制造等4个国防特色学科，其中机械制造及其自动化是北京市重点学科;拥有光机电微纳制造1个北京市交叉。

拥有装甲车辆工程(原地面武器机动工程)、车辆工程、机械工程(原机械工程和自动化)等3个国家级特色本科专业，装甲车辆工程(原地面武器机动工程)1个国防重点本科专业，工业工程1各国防紧缺本科专业。

学院下设4个博士后流动站，10个博士点，18个硕士点，7个本科专业，4个专业学位(工程硕士)授予领域，1个高职专业。

学院承担国家"973"、国家自然科学基金、国家"863"、国家和国防关键技术攻关、国防预先研究和应用研究、国防军品型号研制和科技奥运等项目，年均到校科研经费超过2亿元，与国内各大汽车企业及国外部分著名汽车公司建立了广泛的人才培养和科研合作关系。

近年来学院获国家科技奖励8项，其中国家科技进步一等奖2项，国家科技进步二等奖4项，国家技术发明二等奖2项。

研函[2014]015 北京理工大学2014年博士招生改革政策调整过度方案《北京理工大学博士招生改革办法》（以下简称《办法》）已经校长办公会通过，从2014年博士招生开始逐步实施。

为落实文件精神，确保博士招生改革工作稳步推进，学校确定用一年的时间完成相关改革政策调整的过度，具体安排如下：一、关于同一导师在学博士生超过10名及延期博士生达到2名的政策过度问题根据《办法》的规定：同一导师在学博士生人数上限为10人，超过10人将停止该导师下一年度的博士招生，延期博士生数达到2人，将减少该导师下一年度招生计划1个。

截止2014年1月底，研究生培养系统统计，全校有148名博导超过了这一限制（名单见附件1），为使这部分导师能够更好地适应新政策，学校就过度期的政策执行做出补充规定。

1、2015年2月底之前（具体时间以培养处发布的答辩截止时间为准），能够完成博士学位论文答辩并于当年春季毕业的博士生，将不被列入导师在学博士生数或延期博士生数的统计。

导师应于今年9月15日前上报2015年春季毕业博士生名单，研究生院培养处于10月底前依据盲评送审情况核准能够毕业博士生名单，研究生招生处依据培养处审核的名单核准导师在学博士生数及延期博士生数。

超过规定的导师将不被列入博士招生专业目录，不能招收2015级博士生。

2、博士专项计划招收的博士生不列入导师在学或延期博士生数的统计，专项计划包括：少数民族骨干计划、西部对口支援计划、工程博士计划、高校与科研机构联合培养博士计划、学校批准的合作项目计划。

3、已列入附件1 中的导师，2014年招收博士生不能超过2名，不能参加学校“校内联合交叉培养博士计划”的竞争。

4、目前已处在延期状态的博士生，应力争在今年7月毕业，特别是已列入附件名单中博导的延期博士生。

如不能毕业的应按照结业执行，并可于毕业后3年内回校答辩，通过后取得博士学位。

结业博士生的就业工作另行规定。

二、关于博士普通招考考试改革根据《办法》规定，宇航、机电、机车、光电、信息、自动化、计算机、化工、材料、生命、数学、物理、化学、管理共计14个学院，2015年博士普通招考均由学院组织。

北理机车学院高分学长考研经验分享首先自我介绍，本人是2018年报考北京理工大学机械与车辆工程学院的学长，具体方向是学硕机械工程02节能与新能源车辆，初试总分386，政治61，英一65，数一118，848理论力学142，现已录取。

回想自己这大半年的考研路，心里也是感慨万分，想当初我也是一个考研小白，到处求资料经验，担心本科院校，担心复试等等，生怕自己错过任何信息。

其实考研从某种程度来讲是信息战是没错的，但相对于初试来讲还是相对透明和公平的，过来以后就会发现当初的担心并没什么用，好好静下心来复习才是最重要的。

好了，闲话少说，下面进入干货。

考研，心态第一位，方法第二位，勤奋第三位。

缺一不可。

首先说心态。

考研，很难的，每年全国录取率只有三分之一，那么多人削尖了脑袋往里钻，凭什么是你呢？所以要做好吃苦的准备，做好破釜沉舟的准备，既然做，就不要留后路，我当初就是直接把工作辞掉了，断绝了自己一切后路。

考研并不是轻轻松松就能考上，就像现在的你一样，你一定会遇到难的时候，到了那个时候那个苦你吃不吃的下去，才决定了你是不是真的能考上，而不是你的理想多么远大，道德多么高尚。

这些话也许你们现在不懂，但等你们真的遇到事儿了，想想为什么开始，想想自己已经付出的，咬咬牙，请继续坚持。

今天很残酷，明天更残酷，后天很美好，而大多数人都死在了明天晚上，而见不到后天的太阳。

考研更是一场心理战，越到后期掉队的人越多，真正与你竞争的人并没有几个，凡是坚持到最后的，都能考上。

其次是方法。

上了这么多年的学，学的其实不是知识，而是学习方法，在一次又一次的备考过程中寻找适合自己的学习方法，这样你才能做到处乱不惊，百战百胜。

其实没有所谓的最好的方法，别人的经验也只能当做参考，适合自己的才是最好的。

下面就和大家分享一下我的学习方法。

我自知我是一个耐不住寂寞的人，让我一个人坐在那里看几个月的书，我不会自欺欺人，我做不到。

所以我就报了新祥旭辅导班来学习，这样既不会太枯燥，也避免了闭门造车。

博士生综合考试（口试）参考题（2014. 12）1、基础部分分类参考题现代数学1.请你谈谈数学与其他学科发展的关系，并列举一些你的研究领域中所常用的数学方法和技巧。

2.按照数学的历史发展，它可以分为初等数学、高等数学和现代数学。

请你描述现代数学的特征。

3.矩阵理论被称为高等数学屮的算术（R. Bellman语）。

请举例说明矩阵理论的一些运用。

近代物理、光学1.简述牛顿时空观和爱因斯坦时空观之特点。

2.简述相对论中同时的相对性和运动的时钟变慢的物理意义。

3.物体运动时的质量m和静止时的质量m（）有何区别。

4.说明相对论质能关系E=mc2的物理意义和E=mc2-m（）c2的意义。

5.简述光电效应的物理意义。

6.在量子物理学中微观粒子具有哪二重性？7.不确定关系说明了微观粒子的什么性质。

高等化学1.碳的同素异形体有哪些？并简述碳纳米管研究的新进展。

2.阐述键价理论的基本概念？请举例说明。

3.矿物表面荷电的原因是什么？4.简述纳米材料（粒子）的待征。

5.举例说明亲水性大分子在矿物加工中的应用。

6.DLVO理论的本质是什么？举例说明DLVO理论的应用。

7.化学电源的种类有哪些？8.消除NOx和SO2带來的环境污染一直是一个热门研究课题，请简要叙述消除NOx和煤及石油加工、使用中脱硫的方法。

思想政治1.试述中国特色社会主义的一条道路和一个理论体系的内容，以及坚持这条道路和这个理论体系的重大意义。

2.试述构建社会主义和谐社会的指导思想、目标任务和原则。

3.联系当前实际，谈谈怎样增强社会主义意识形态的吸引力和凝聚力。

4.着眼改革创新，谈谈怎样在思想政治工作中注重人文关怀和心理疏导。

5.谈谈你对唯物辩证法与科学发展观的关系的看法。

2、扩充知识部分分类参考题知识经济与技术创新1.什么是技术创新扩散？2.什么是知识创新？高技术创新有哪些风险？现代信息技术3.请给岀信息的定义？信息可以计量吗？信息量与事物发生的概率有什么关系？4.请说明什么是现代信息技术？它涉及到哪些技术？5.请说明现代信息技术的核心技术是什么？知识经济与技术创新6.人类经济发展可分为哪几个阶段，各阶段发展起决定作用的关键因素是什么？7.知识经济的主要特点是什么？8.为什么说知识经济是可持续发展的经济？9.什么是高科技，知识经济的支柱产业有哪些？10.发展知识经济需要哪些必要条件？什么叫技术创新？煤炭加工利用11.试从我国能源资源结构说明煤炭在廿一世纪上半叶仍应为第一能源？12.一次能源一般有那些，我国主要的一次能源是什么，和发达国家相比，我国一次能源的结构有什么特点？13.什么叫水煤浆，使用它的优点是什么？煤炭是否是一种洁净燃料，为什么？14.在一次能源屮现称为洁净能源的有哪几种？环境学、环境生态学15.为什么说，我国的大气污染是煤烟型污染16.何谓可持续发展，在可持续发展战略中环境保护的地位和作用是什么？17.什么是清洁生产，它对环境保护工作的作用是什么？1&白色污染指的是什么，对它的控制途径主要有那些？19.为什么要保护大气臭氧层，破坏因素是什么？20.什么是环境意识？今天的主要世界环境问题有那些？21.什么是温室效应，对资源与环境保护有何不利影响？22.对三峡工程可能带来的环境影响你能说出多少？23.生态意识有那些主要观点？24.什么是绿色消费？在大学校园中倡导“绿色文化”你认为应发展的主要方面有哪些？25.煤炭开采过程中对环境产生那些影响？SK方程族的代数几何解(2014. 6.4)26.己知谱问题怎样从该谱问题得到该族方程？27.刘维尔定理在弯曲的Riemann面上是否依然成立？2&矩阵W —是否满足驻定的?W⑵29.3是全纯的吗？30.是否可以用相同的方法求解kk方程的代数几何解？生物遗迹学理论与应用研究(2014. 5.9)31.遗迹化石与实体化石的区别？32.遗迹化石的研究方法有哪些？33.遗迹化石有哪些种类？34.遗迹化石具备哪些性质？35.遗迹化石的描述方法？选煤工程设计思路与进展(2014. 4. 29)36.简述我国煤炭资源分布有何特点？37.简要说明我国选煤现状？3&简要说明我国选煤设备发展现状39.选煤厂工程设计主要有哪几个阶段？40.选煤厂车间设备布置遵循原则是什么？煤岩剪切变形及其结构演化(2014. 4. 20)41.当煤层围岩为沉积岩时，煤层为什么却发生了变质和变形作用？42.与构造岩的分类相比，构造煤的分类有什么不同？43.煤岩为有机岩，能否向无机岩转化？其转化的条件是什么？44.煤岩为什么易发生剪切变形，其剪切变形特征有哪些？45.煤岩构造变形是否影响到微-纳米结构的变化？改进的Anderson断层模式及在裂陷盆地中的应用(2014. 4. 7)46.Anderson断层模式的假设前提是什么？47.Anderson断层模式在应用屮发现存在哪些问题？48.什么是“摩尔空间” ？49.用改进的Anderson断层模式如何解释裂陷盆地复杂断裂系统的成因机制？50.改进的Anderson断层模式对经典断层模式的改进表现在哪几个方面？SVC和STATC0M应用于提髙交直流混联电网稳定性和抑制次同步振荡(2014. 3. 29)51.HVDC引起次同步振荡的可能來源主要有哪些？52.电网的静态电压稳定性和暂态电压稳定性分别指什么？53.按照传统方式两套直接并联运行的独立控制的SVC之间出现无功振荡的原因？54.SVC抑制次同步谐振是通过什么原理实现的？55.为什么电网需要动态无功电压支撑？低渗透油气储层裂缝的分布规律与预测评价方法(2014. 3. 27)56.储层裂缝有哪些成因类型？57.储层裂缝有哪些控制因素？5&拉张裂缝和扩张裂缝形成的地质条件哟哟什么差异？59.裂缝在致密低渗透储层中的作用有哪些？60.储层裂缝的预测方法有哪几类？根据气候条件设计一如何建造适合当地气候坏境的绿色建筑(2014. 3. 17)61.绿色建筑的特征是什么？62.为什么要做轻质建筑呢？63.绿色建筑为什么要大量使用钢材？64.中国政府对待绿色建筑的态度是什么？65.如何看待清华的节能楼？当代中国文化软实力构建与大学的文化担当(2013. 12.3)66.建构当代中国文化软实力的重要意义？67.如何理解文化软实力是综合国力的重要组成部分？6&如何理解道德是文化软实力的制高点？69.大学在中国文化软实力建构过程中的地位？70.大学生在当代中国文化软实力建构中的责任？中国共产党与中国梦(2013. 11. 19)71.中国梦的基本概念是什么？72.孔子的大同世界思想的内容是什么？73.陈独秀的新社会理想是什么样子的？74.中国共产党靠什么实现了救国救民的梦想？75.如何理解党中央的富民强国战略？Novel Tailings Management Technologies (2013. 11. 15)76.传统的尾矿处理方式是什么？77.使用尾矿库处理尾矿会对坏境产生哪些危害？78.新型的尾矿处理方法有哪些？79.尾矿根据其颗粒粒径的组成分为儿类？80.固结尾矿的技术有哪些？岩石力学若干进展与面临挑战(2013. 11. 13)81.我国目前试验技术的发展如何？82.我国关于岩石力学的数值分析方法有哪些？83.岩石力学发展面临的挑战有哪些？84.我国学者过去30年对岩石力学的研究情况是怎样的？85.中国岩石力学的研究现状是怎样的？注：本参考题适用于2014年12月综合考试(口试)；口试时专家将根据研究牛的选题情况、所学专业等参考此有关的参考题进行提问。