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定语从句一、基本概念1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。
换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用a , an 。
3．关系代词/ 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。
若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。
4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。
但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。
5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why二、基本用法2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。
1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。
1.I told him all (that) I know.2.He gave her everything (that) he had.2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。
1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.2.You can take any book (that) you like.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。
1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。
牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1—模块4)语法复习一：定语从句(一)定义1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当)，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman。
先行词关系代词定语从句2）You must do everything that I do。
先行词关系代词定语从句(二):关系代词的作用；1.连接主句和从句。
2。
代表被修饰的先行词。
3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。
eg. This is the room which I lived in last year。
先行词关系代词定语从句（三）：定语从句中有关系代词who, whom, whose, which，that，as.关系副词when，where, why 等引导定语从句。
(四）：用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。
This is the place where we work.（vi。
) （关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)This is the place which we visited。
(vt. )注:先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when，可用that 但通常省去。
This is the place where work。
（vi。
) (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的）This is the place which we visited。
(vt. ）(五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1．二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导.非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。
Eg：①He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。
关系代词一.whom指人注意：关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替，可省略【who 可以做主语，又可以做宾语，whom只能做宾语】如果在从句中做宾语，就用“whom”或“who”。
Eg：①He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人。
②You just met the person who was my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友。
二which that 通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语，表所有。
（1）He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。
（2）I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在一座现在已经倒塌的房子中。
“whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替：（3）This is the pen（which）he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔。
在定语从句中做原因状语。
（1）Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.（2）I don't know the reason why he looks when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.判断介词和关系代词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。
高一牛津英语模块一、二语法练习,语法复习模块一1 A computer is a machine that / which has a very good memory.2 Teacher who /_that live far away home will be happy with our dormitories.3 Did you see the boy whose name was Dick in the school library?4 The Smiths live in a big house whose windows are very big and bright.5 Anything ( that ) people like to do in their free time for pleasure is a hobby.6 The girl (who / whom / that ) you talked to just now is my cousin.7 Energy is something that makes things work.8 I have read all the letters ( that ) you gave me.all, much, little, few修饰先行词, 关系代词只能用that9 The first place ( that) they visited in China was Shanghai.10 This is the cleanest park (that ) you can imagine.11 Corn was not the only food _that was taken to Europe.the only, the very, the same, the last, just12 They talked about things and persons ( that ) they remembered.13 Do you remember the day on which / when we left you in charge ?14 The police searched the house in which /where the thief had stayed.15 Those who are against the plan raise your hands.one, ones, someone, anyone, everyone, somebody , anybody, everybody, those作先行词，关系代词常用who16 Do you know the woman (who / whom /that ) our teacher is talking with.Do you know the woman with whom our teacher is talking?17 The man ( that /_who /whom) bought the old picture from is over eight years old.The man from whom I bought the old picture is over eight years old.18 This is the reason for which / why my parents got home earlier.I don’t want to listen to the reason ( that/ which ) you explained.19 Tom’s father , who is over sixty, still works hard.20 Mr. Green, who / whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term.21 I , who am your friend, will try my best to help you out.22 He came in late again, which made his boss angry.He was a foreigner, which I know from his accent.23 As he realized , I was useful to him. Air, _as we know, is a gas.As is reported in today’s newspaper, we must leave.24 The teacher gave us such a different problem_as no one worked out .I want the same pen as you bought yesterday.25 The film reminded me of the years during which /when we had nothing to eat.The film reminded me of the year in which / when we had nothing to eat.语法复习模块二—Alice’s second-hand computer_____ wrong although she used it only once.A goesBhas gone C is going D had gone2 Robert _____me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I ____it.A hadgiven;lost B hasgiven;havelostCgave;havelost D gives;lost3 I____ nothing about it before you told me the newsA knowBknew C had known D has known4 --What ____these days? Still busy writing your new book?--Yes, I think I can finish it next week.A do you doBhave you been doing C have you done D did you do5 --what was the film like? --Well，I____ it____ very interesting.Athought; would be B thought; may be C think; is going to be D think;will be6 It was the third time that he ____us about his story.A has toldB toldC is tellingDhad told7 I forget what I was taught, I only remember what I_____.A learnB learnedChave learned D had learned8 My younger sister____ the Youth League ____2004.A has joined; inB has joined;sinceC had joined;sinceDjoined; in9 --Where____my pen?I cann’t find it anywhere.--I___it on this table,but now,it’s gone.A did you put;have putBhave you put;putC had you put;was puttingD were you putting;have put10 She was praised for what she___.Ahad done B has done C would do D does11 I____ he would help me with my English, in fact he didn ’t.A has thoughtB thoughtC thinkDhad thought12 -- Tom,your shirt is so dirty?--Mom,I___ourstoreroomdownstairsandIwillwashitafterfinishingthecleaning.A cleanedB have cleanedC was cleaningDhave been cleaning13 They___ friends since they met in New York.A have madeB have becomehave been D have turned14 Nobody but the twins___ some interest in the project till now.A showsB showC have shownDhas shown15.The students don’t want to have their supper until they ____ their experiment.A finishedBhave finished C had finished D will finish用心爱心专心119号编辑316 By now students in Grade One ____ 1,700 English words and phrases.A should learnBhave learned C learned D learn17–Sorry to have kept you waiting!--I _____ here for fifty minutes.A have arrivedB have gotC have reachedDhave been18–Where have you been? I ____you the whole day.--I was in the library reading magazines.Ahave been telephoning B had telephoned C telephoned D was telephoned 19–Hi, Tracy , you look tired.--I am tired. I____ the living room all day.A paintedB had paintedChave been painting D have painted20–why didn’t you come yesterday? --I ____ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.A hadB wouldCwas going to D did21–Will you be free at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon.--No, I __ a meeting at that time.A will haveB was going to haveCwill be having D would have22–What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday.--I ____ just finished my homework and ___to watch TV.A have; am goingB have; was goingChad; was going D had; am going23–My father will be here tomorrow. --Oh, I thought that he ___ today.Awas coming B is coming C will come D comes24 When we reach New York, it ____.A probably will rainBwill probably be rainingC is probably rainingD has probably rained25—Is this the last exam we have to take this term?--Yes, but there ___ another test three months from now.A hasB isC wasDwill be26 It was said that the machine ___ sometime the next week.A had been repairedB would repairCwas to be repaired D needs repairing27–Why did you buy this paint so early?--I ___ my bedroom tomorrow, but I changed my mind.Awas going to paint B am going to paint C am painting D will paint 28 I ____ show you the photo ___ I was interrupted.Awas about to; whenBwas going to; when29 At this time tomorrow I __ a report in my office and I __ by noon. Awill be writing will have finishedB will write will finishII Fill in the blanks30 I am going to (打算) see Mr. Li this evening.31 --Have you cleaned your room?--Sorry, I haven’t. But I will (表意愿）go and clean it at once.32 The journey that was to change Toby’s life started in July that year. (必然的情况)33 I told you Colin and I would spend a few weeks traveling. (过去将来时)34 We were going to see the wild animals, but then we didn’t have time.(过去的打算)。
第一单元一定语从句：定语从句的介绍1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词：The green team介词短语：The team in green定语从句：The team who were wearing green2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导，如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如：做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，和whose1.在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。
eg：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2.在定语从句中，who 用来指代人。
eg：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。
eg：I don’t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room the other day.4.当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。
关系分句&关系词的选择在复合句中起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做关系分句（定语从句），被修饰的词叫做先行词（antececdent)，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与关系分句中间起了连接作用，二是在分句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系分句分为限制性关系分句和非限制性关系分句。
关系词分为关系代词（that, who, whom, which, whose)、关系副词（when, where, when, why)和关系限定词（whose）.具体关系词的选择如下:考虑三个因素（限定性、指人还是指物、充当的成分）一般：who/whom/that指人which/that指物在限制性关系分句中关系词的选择1．thatthat在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语。
如：The eggs that I bought yesterday were not fresh.我昨天买的鸡蛋不新鲜。
I prefer dumplings that have just been cooked.我更喜欢吃刚煮出来的饺子。
指物时that和which可以互换，但下面几种情况通常用that引导定语从句，不能用which。
（l）当先行词有最高级修饰或本身就是最高级时。
如：This book is the most difficult one that I have ever read.这本书是我所读过的最难的一本书。
The best that I could do was to apologize.我能做的最好的事情就是道歉。
（2）当先行词有序数词修饰或本身就是序数词时。
如：Here are two students，the third that you want is to come in a minute.这儿有两个学生，你要的第三个学生一会儿就来。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：：梁晓概念引入：He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。
I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree.(我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。
)Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook.我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人She was not on the train which arrived just now。
她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上语法点拨什么是定语从句？修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。
引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词：when, where, why我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句：1. This is our school. It is beautiful.→This is our school which is beautiful.2. This is our school. We study in our school.→This is our school which we study in.→This is our school in which we study.→This is our school where we study.3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber.→Do you know the room which is made of amber?4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news.→I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出：先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。
定语从句知识总结一、一般情况下，限制性定从关系代词的选用：例：1.The man who /that lives next door is friendly.2. Library is a building that/which stores lots of books for readers.3.The girl whom / that /不填 / who you have just seen is from America.4.I like the new computer that /which / 不填 my father bought for me.5.The girl whose hair is red is singing.=The girl of whom the hair is red is singing.6. The book whose cover is blue is mine.= The book of which the color is blue is mine.二. 关系副词的使用：当先行词在从句中做原因状语，用 why=for which; (例 1)当先行词在从句中做地点状语，用 where=at/in/ …+which(根据具体情况选择介词)； (例 2) 当先行词在从句中做时间状语， 用 when=on/during/in/ …+ which(根据具体情况选择介词)； (例 3)例：1. I don’t believe the reason why/for which he was late for school.区别： I don’t believe the reason that/which/ 不填 he gave me. (关系词指物，在从句中做宾语)2. This is the school where/in which I once studied.区别： This is the school which/that/ 不填 I once talked about last month. ( 关系词指物，在从句中 做宾语)3. I will never forget the day when/on which he joined the army.区别： I will never forget the day that/which/ 不填 I spent with him. (关系词指物， 在从句中做 宾语)三. 当关系词在从句中做表语时，通常用 that ，在口语中也可以省去。
牛津高中高一必修模块1 Unit3《定语从句》英语试题及答案1.We should learn from those__ _ are always ready to help others.A. whoB. whom C .they D. that2.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who___ in China.A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. has been working3 .Tom is the only one of the students who___ to Shanghai.A. have goneB. have beenC. has beenD. had gone4.I,___your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. which am5.The old man has two sons,___ are lawyers.A. both of themB. both of whoC. both of whomD. both of they6.He is a man of great knowledge, ___much can be learned.A. in whomB. about whomC. from whomD. of whom7 Do you know the man___ just now?A. to who I noddedB.I nodded toC. whom I noddedD. Whom I nodded to him.8.The man ___has gone to Japan.A. whom I told youB. that I told youC. whom I told you about himD.I told you about9.Please pass me the dictionary ___cover is black.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. which of10.The radio set ___last week has been out of order.A.I boughtB.I bought itC. which I bought itD. what I bought11.All the apples ___fell down from the tree were eaten op by the pigs.A. whichB. /C. thatD. they12.I can tell you ___he told me last week.A. all whichB. all whatC. that allD. all that13.This is the biggest lab ___we have ever built in our university.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where14.Is oxygen the only gas ___helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. what15.Air,___we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. thatB./C. whichD. it16.This is the museum ____we saw an exhibition the other day.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. in that17.This museum is ___you visited the other day.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. the one18.This is the museum ___you saw the other day.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that19.It is the third time ___late this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrivedC. that you’ve arrivedD.when you’ve arrived20.It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. when21.We often think of the days ___we spent together on the island.A. whenB. whichC. in whichD. during which22.Have you ever been to Shanghai, ____I left ten years ago?A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when23.He has left Beijing ,___a meeting is to be held.A. whenB. whereC. asD. which24.This is the very place ___I’m wishing to live in.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in which25.Is it in that factory _____”Red Flag” cars are made?A. in whichB. whereC. thatD. which26.I have bought the same dress ____she is wearing.A. as B .that C. which D than27.Can you solve such problems ___raised by the audience?A. what wereB. as wereC. that wereD. which were28.The reason ___he didn’t come was ____he was injured.A. that, becauseB. why, thatC. why, becauseD. that, that29.He must be from Africa, ____can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. asC. itD. what30.His father died last year, ____made it impossible for him to go abroad.A. whenB. whichC. asD. that31.___is natural, he married Mary.A. ItB. WhatC. WhichD. As32.The buses, ____were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of themB. most of whichC. which most D .that most33.All___is needed is a supply of oil.A .the thing B. that C. what D. which34.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of ___had not been cleaned for years.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which35.She heard a terrible noise, ___brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that36.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom37.This is one of the means ____the eclectics energy is conducted from one place to another.A. by whichB. by thatC. through whichD. through that38.The place ___you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in whichB. at whichC. whereD. which39.The last river ___they crossed is two miles wide.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in which40.The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks ____built in the Qing Dynasty.A. where wereB. where wasC. that wereD. which was41.The factory ___I am going to is the place ___my mother used to work many years ago.A. where, whereB. where, whichC. which, whereD. that, which42.Don’t trust such men ____overpraise you to your face.A. as B .that C. who D. which43.The professor has two sons, ___are teaching in the same university.A. neither of themB. either of themC. both of themD. both of whom44.Don’t do such things ___you are not sure about.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what45.Rober is good at language, ____we all know.A. becauseB. forC. asD. since46.China has hundreds of islands, ____we all know.A. in whichB. at whichC. of whichD. which47.She wrote a letter to her father, ___she made her secret known.A. whichB. thatC. in whichD. where48.Oxygen is a kind of gas, ___we couldn’t live.A. without itB. without thatC. without whichD. if not49.Matter is anything____A. that take up space and have weightB. which take up space and have weightC. that takes up space and has weightD. those take up space and have weight50.I have many books, the best ____was borrowed by Mary.A. about themB. of whichC. among themD. in which51.She showed me the dictionary ___ she paid a lot of money.A. by whichB. to whichC. for whichD. on which52.Abraham Lincoln is a man ___I have the greatest respect.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. for whom53.Edison had one suit ___very little money, and which he wore until it was thin.A. which costB. which costsC. which was costD. which has costed54.The people ___in the paper did not like it, but other reader liked it very much.A. who was writtenB. who were writtenC. who were written aboutD. whom were written about55.Finally,the thief handed everything ____he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that56.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ___family was poor.A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose57.Mayor will make an inspection of our school on Monday, ___you can tell him how hardthe situation we are in.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that58.I’ll show you the magazine ___I bought the other day.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. where59.The person ___talking to the shop assistant is an engineer.A. who isB. what isC. whom isD. who you are60.That is the office ___Lincoln once worked in.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. in which61.The girl ___aunt is a famous singer is fond of music.A. whoB. whom C .that D. whose62.The skirt is Ann’s ___color is blue.A. it’sB. whoseC. who’sD. that63.The washing machine ___last Wednesday works well.A.I boughtB.I bought itC. which I buyD. that I bought it64.The college students asked the soldier everything ___he saw at the front.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. all whatst year we visited the Summer Palace ___is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing.A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. that66.Shanghai is the very place ___the foreigners are eager to visit.A. whereB. in which C .that D. whose67.The doctor ___is going to Europe next year.A. which the manager is talking toB. who the manager is talkingC. the manager is talking to himD. the manager is talking to68.Do you have anything ___I can do for you?A. whichB. whatC. elseD. when69.All___you must do now is to lend us ten dollars, we] haven‘t brought any money with us at the moment.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. things70.Those are model workers, some ___are young fellows.A. of thatB. of whomC. of whoD. of whose71.The Science Building is very beautiful, behind ___there is an orchard.A. whichB. whatC. thisD. these72.Joan is one of the best writers who ___published a lot of books.A. hasB. haveC. have beenD. are73.When they met again, the two friends talked about lots of things and persons ____we could remember in the school.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which74.He is ___everyone respects.A. the personB. the one whichC. whomD. who75.This is the modern hotel ___the guests can enjoy the most comfortable things.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in that76.July 27,1989 is the day ___I will never forget, when we had a wonderful time.A. on whichB. whenC. whomD. that77.Both of them will remember the months and the years ____they spent in the army.A. whichB. whenC. in whichD. what78.It is the factory ____produces all kinds of TV sets.A. in whichB. whichC. whatD. where79.The sun is bigger than the earth, ___even a child knows.A. thatB. who C .as D. what80.Miss Zhang devoted herself to the development of education, ____led to her final success.A. thatB. whichC. so thatD. so81.Everything____should be_ __be done right now.A. that, done must B .that, must done C. which, done should D. that, should82.Is that the lab ____we did physics experiments in during our middle school days.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one83.Is the lab ___the foreigners visited yesterday?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one84.I have the same book ___you bought just now.A. whichB. thatC. asD. whose85.I’d like to borrow_ __typewriter as was used yesterday.A. asB. the same C .the other D. same86.I,____one of the sports-lovers, often spend some time on training in the stadium.A. who amB. who isC. that amD. whom is87.Let’s discuss ___questions ___are about the future of the youth.A. so, asB. as, thatC. such, thatD. such, as88.The man ___ talkied to you just now is an engineer.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. what89.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which90.Finally,the thief handed everything ____he had stolen to the people.A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that91.I can still remember the sitting-room ____my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where92. He didn’t know which room___.A. they livedB. they lived inC. did they liveD. did they live in93.Is this the house ___he was born?A .at where B. which C. in which D. at which94.A child ___parents are dead is called an orphan.A. whichB. hisC. whoseD. with95.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____family was poor.A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose96.To get the job started, ____I need is your permission.A. only whatB. all whatC. all thatD. only that97.All___is needed is a cup of tea.A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which98.The doctor ___is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurst is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking99.He paid the boy 30 dollars for washing the windows, most of ___hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which100.After graduation he asked to be sent to the place____A. where he is most neededB. where he needC. where he is mostly neededD. where is he mostly needed.101 The doctor ___she sent her friend is very famous.A to whomB to whoseC whomD at whom102 The day ____you are looking forward to will certainly come.A in whichB whenC whichD what103 Is oxygen the only gas _____helps fire burnA whichB whatC thatD it104 Those ____not only from books but through practice will succeed.A who learnB whoC who learnsD learn105 It is the second time ____you have made such a mistake.A whatB thatC whichD when106 Please pass me the book ____cover is green.A thatB whichC whoseD who107The doctor ___she sent her friend is very famous.A to whomB to whoseC whomD at whom108 Who ___has common sense will do such a thing?A whoB whomC whichD that109 That tree, the branches ___are almost bare ,is a very old one.A whoseB in whichC on whichD of which110 The babies ____are very healthy.A after whom the nurses lookB whom the nurses look afterC whom the nurses lookD whom the nurses look after them111 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, ____we could not live.A without itB whichC without whichD that112 I can’t believe that restaurant, ____I have eaten such wonderful meals is going to close down.A at whereB at whichC whichD in which113 What especially impressed us was the way ____our teacher studied foreign language.A /B whichC by whichD what114 The students in Tianjin are using the sane teaching books_ ____we are now using.A whoseB thatC whichD as115 The beautiful dress ____ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.A in whichB wearing whichC thatD wearing that 116 My hometown is no longer the same ___ it used to be.A likeB thatC asD which117 She hasn’t got enough money ___ to buy the rings.A for whichB with whichC thatD which118 The Second World War ____millions of people were killed in 1945.A on whichB whereC in thatD during which119 Do you know the reason ___she got so angry yesterday?A whyB whichC for thatD for why120 I’ll show you the store ____you may buy all ____you need.A that, thatB which, thatC where ,whichD in which,/ 121 Can you lend me the book ____the other day?A which you talkedB that you talkedC you talkedD you talked about 122 This is one of the best films ___this year.A which has been shownB that have been shownC that have shownD have been shown123 There isn’t so much noise in the country ____ in big cities.A asB whereC WhichD that124 He talked happily about the men and books ____interested him greatly in the school.A thatB whenC whoD which125 Lily would never forget the evening ____ she lost the ring.A whichB whenC at whichD where126 They talked for about an hour of things and persons ___ they remembered in the school.A whichB thatC whoD whom127 All ___is a supply of fuel oil.A what is neededB that is neededC the thing is neededD for their need 128 Those ___ want to see the film please put down your names here.A whichB whatC whoseD who129. We are living in an age_ _______many things are done on computer.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when130. ________ has been announced，we shall have our final exams next month.A. ThatB. AsC. ItD. What131. We will be shown around the city: schools，museums，and some other places，____ other visitors seldom go.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when132. Alec asked the policeman ________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whomD. whom133.He made another wonderful discovery，________ of great importance to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD.I think which is134.Then the great day came ________he was to march past the palace in the parade.A. whereB. sinceC. whenD. till135.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that the reason ________you had a few days off?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where136.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，__ of course，made the others unhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what137.The gentleman ________you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. whoB. about whomC. whomD. with whom138.The result of the experiment was very good，________ we hadn’t expected.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what139.I shall never forget those years ____I lived in the country with the farmer，____ has a great effect on my life.A. that；whichB. when；whichC. when；whoD. which；that140.After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small town ___he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when141.This is the first sum of money ________the children’s family has received.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as142.This is not the only apple ________has rotten away.A. whichB. thatC./D. what143.He seldom finishes his work on time，________ always makes his boss very angry.A. thatB. asC. thatD. which144.She is such a lovely girl ________is liked by everybody.A. whatB. asC. thatD. which145.She likes to use words ________are clear to him.A. of which the meaningsB. meanings of whichC. whose of meaningsD. meanings of whose146.I’ve read all the books ________our teacher requires us to read.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. they147.Can you think out a situation ________this idiom can be used?A. whichB. thatC. whereD. with which148.Mother bought me a new bike as my birthday present，________ made me very happy.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it149.I，________ your friend，will help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD.I am150.My glass，________ I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broke.A. whichB. with whichC. withoutD. without which151.I was so eager to leave that when I stood in the hall，ready to leave，I didn’t even think of saying good-bye to the friends ________I had eaten and slept for so many weeks.A. by whomB. of whomC. with whomD. with which152.The famous basketball star，________ tried to make a comeback，attracted a lot of attention.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. where153.Gone are the days ________the working people suffered from cold and hunger.A. on thatB. at whichC. whenD. with which154.This is the very building ________I’ve been looking for the whole morning.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which155.The time________ I spend on maths is much more than on English.A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. during which156.Mr.Green drove slowly on the way home until he reached the high way，________ the speed limit was 60 miles per hour.A. becauseB. whichC. whereD. that157.We grow all our vegetables and fruit，________ saves money，of course.A. whichB. asC. thatD. what158.He arrived in New York，________ some time later，he became a writer.A. whenB. whereC. that D .which159.The stories about this secret person，_____ this is one example，are widely spread among people.A. about whichB. of whichC. whichD. from which160.Mr.Green is an Australian，________ I know from his accent.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that定语从句专练Keys:1-5 ACCBC 6—10 CBDCA11—15 CDCAC 16—20 CDACA21-25 BBBCC 26—30ABBBB31—35DBBDB 36—40 DADCC41—45CADCC 46—50 CCCCB51—55CDACD 56—60 DCBAB61—65DBAAB 66—70 CDCAB71—75ABCAA 76—80 DABCB81—85 A A/C DCB 86—90ADADD91—95DBCCD 96—100 CBCDA101-105 ACCAB 106-110 CADDB111-115 CBADA 116-120 CBDAD121-125 DBAAB 126-130 BBDDB131-135 CCACA 136-140 BBCBB141-145 ABDBA 146-150 BCBBD151-155 CACBA 156-160 CABBC。
定语从句。
定义。
an exciting match: 形容词可以放在名词之前作定语，来修饰名词the book in my hand: 介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语，来修饰名词。
但如果修饰名词的定语不是某一个词或短语，而是一个句子时，我们就要使用定语从句。
定语从句通常跟在所要修饰的中心名词（先行词）之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作用。
注意。
1.从句相当于整个句子的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。
She saw that he was sleeping.( 宾语从句)I am reading the article which is about your experience in the UK.( 定语从句)2.先行词定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。
e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.3.关系词从意义上说：先行词定语从句的组成部分从结构上说：先行词不在从句中出现引导定语从句，并取代先行词在从句中的成分e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.关系词的功能：1. 关系词作主语（动作发出者）The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 关系词作宾语（动作接受者）We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.3. 关系词作表语Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boyJack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 关系词作定语（通常为所有格）She has a brother. I can ’t remember his name.She has a brother whose name I can ’t remember.5. 关系词作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语）The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the schoolThe school where he studies is in Shenzhen.4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句(一)考情分析定语从句是英语中最为重要的语法，是中国人学习英语的难点之一，也是高考的常客。
其热点考查内容如下：一、在完形填空中通过定语从句考查先行词的选择；在阅读理解中考查对定语从句的理解和与其他各种从句在意义上的转换；三、在语法填空和短文改错中直接考查对关系词的选择根据先行词派生的主谓一致，定语从句的时态等；四、在书面表达中考查通过定语从句给作文润色。
所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构，相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。
在复合句中修饰名词或代词，作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
下面通过两个实例来说明定语从句及其相关成分的分布情况：whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作主语一、关系代词概说关系词在定语从句的构成里起至关重要的作用。
我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法掌握定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。
因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。
也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
关系代词有who, whose,whom,that, which等，用来引导定语从句。
关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、定语或表语；另一方面它们又代表主句中被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫作先行词)。
关系代词图示1.关系代词：who,whom, whose, which,that等。
(1)vho用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
(2)whom用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。
that使用时候出现的矛盾1. The very chair on __ which ______ she is sitting is made of plastics.2. My sister is a nurse, __ who ____I am not.选择题4.The man ____has arrived .A. whom I told youB. that I told youC. whom I told you about himD. I told you about定语从句练习1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.A．which B．with C．with it D．with which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.A．of whom B．by that C．by whom D．by which3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going on inside the house.A．on which B．at which C．through which D．in which4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.A．in which B．worn by C．through which D．on which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns’.A．that followed B．to followC．following D．followed6、You may take anything useful .A．which you want B．you want themC．what you want D．you want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.A．like B．that C．as D．which8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.A．of who B．of whom C．of which D．of them9、You can take any seat is free.A．in which B．that C．where D．which10、Is there anything to you?A．that belong B．which belongsC．that belongs D．that is belonged11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.A．where B．that C．as D．which12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.A．till B．that C．since D．which13、She hasn’t got enough money she buys the rings.A．for which B．with which C．that D．which14、I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library.A．they B．which C．/ D．that15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.A．it B．where C．that D．which16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A．it B．which C．/ D．that17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A．on which B．where C．in that D．during which18、The train she was traveling was lateA．on that B．for which C．on which D．which19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.A．on which B．that C．when D．where20、I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need.A．that, that B．which, that C．where, which D．in which, /21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.A．on which B．on that C．in which D．which22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?A．why B．which C．for that D．for why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?A．this school where B．this school oneC．this the school D．this school24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.A．whose B．which C．who’s D．who25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?A．which you talked B．that you talkedC．about that you talked D．you talked about26、This is one of the best films this year.A．which has been shown B．that have been shownC．that have shown D．have been shown27、Do you know the man ?A．that I spoke B．I spoke toC．to who I spoke D．whom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.A．two-thirds in which B．two-thirds in themC．two-thirds of them D．of whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.A．neither of them B．none of themC．neither of which D．none of which30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.A．by it B．through which C．with that D．in which 31、Do you know the reason he was late?A．for which B．for what C．which D．that32、has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A．As B．That C．What D．Which33、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A．who B．what C．that D．as34、They’re invented me to their party, is kind of them.A．this B．that C．which D．as35、Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.A．this B．that C．which D．as36、There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.A．as B．where C．which D．that37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.A．who B．when C．where D．which38、Next month, you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.A．where B．when C．that D．which39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.A．which B．that C．when D．/40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatlyin the school.A．that B．when C．who D．whichⅡ、Fill in the blanks：1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the People’s Republic of China was founded.7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.13、We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so busy.14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He was often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.Ⅲ、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept.10、April 15, 1976 is the day when we’ll never forget.11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .13、This is all which I can do for you.14、Can you think of anyone who’s house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet.21、A plane is a machine can fly.22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.23、Those that want to go put up your hands.24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.25、Who is the man whom you said hello just now?【答案】:Ⅰ、1、D 2、C 3、C 4、A5、A6、D7、C8、B9、D10、C11、C 12、B 13、B 14、D15、C16、D 17、D 18、C 19、C20、D21、A 22、A 23、C 24、A25、D26、B 27、B 28、D 29、C30、B31、A 32、A 33、D 34、C35、C36、A 37、B 38、B 39、B40、AⅡ、1、who / that 2、which / that 3、whose 4、which /that5、who / that6、when7、which / that8、where9、which 10、whom 11、which 12、where13、when 14、which 15、who 16、which17、that 18、thatⅢ、1、where—that 2、where—which 3、√4、when—that / which5、that—where6、去掉there7、that—why 8、that—which 9、which—where10、when—which / that 11、man后面加who 12、students后面加who13、which—that 14、who’s—whose 15、去掉it16、were—was 17、which—when 18、have—has19、whom—who 20、that—where21、machine后面加which / that 22、which—that23、that—who 24、that—which 25、whom—that。
