简单句的基本句型--英语语法主线一、基本句型的作用学习英语时，我们不得不进行听说读写。
听说读写要用句子才能完成，所以必须重视句子，多记句子。
英语句子虽然不计其数，但基本上由基本句型构成，或由它们演变而来。
我们如能好好领悟基本句型，就能高效多记句子。
如能尽可能多地储备句子，就可以听得懂，说的出；就能正确理解英语句子，提高阅读能力；就能判断自己所写的句子是否正确以及写出好的句子，从而提高写作水平。
因为语法能帮助我们更好地进行听说读写，所以掌握基本语法是必要的。
基本句型包含了绝大多数语法现象，能帮助我们观察、了解和解释绝大部分英语语法现象。
二、句子成分为了更好地理解基本句型和学好其它语法，一定要先弄懂句子成分。
句子成分是构成句子的基本成分；由词、词组或从句担任；有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语和主语补足语）、同位语。
1. 主语：是句子要描述的人或物，是句子的主体，一般位于句首。
一般由名词、代词、数词、动词的ing形式、不定式、主语从句等充当。
Professor Wang/Tom is a very friendly.I use my computer every day.Smoking is harmful to health.To see is to believe.It is necessary to pay him a visit.What we’ll do next has not been decided yet.Where are they going?2. 谓语：说明主语的动作、状态或特征。
谓语由动词或动词短语充当。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须一致，有时态和语态的变化，一般位于主语之后。
We study English.It sounds good.She should pay for the meal.The bridge will be built next year.Did he read the poem yesterday?They don’t like swimming.3. 宾语：是动作的对象或承受者，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或宾语从句充当，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，一般放在谓语之后。
He bought a car last year.We often help him.Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?He began to quarrel with her.Do you know where he has gone?4. 表语：表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
由名词、形容词、介词短语及相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或表语从句担任，一般位于系动词之后。
His father is a lawyer.He fell asleep.Are the pupils on the playground?The news sounded exciting.He seemed surprised at the news.The key question is how we should solve the problem.注意区别：His job is teaching English. (teaching English为表语)He is teaching English now. (is teaching 为谓语)常用的系动词：be，seem, become, get, look, remain, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, stay。
5. 定语：是修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或定语从句等都可以作定语。
He is a smart boy.She was his friend.They are women pilots.The man standing there is my uncle.He is often the first person to come and the last to leave.The girl called Mary is very tall.The room where we lived is empty now.6. 状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式或让步。
一般由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或状语从句来充当。
He can read the passage fluently.We have learned English for six years.He went to France to learn French.Arriving at the station, he found the train gone.Praised by his teacher, he was very happy.If I have free time, I will learn German.Luckily, he escaped from the fire.7. 宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语。
一般由形容词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等来充当。
He doesn’t believe the story true.We elected him monitor.He put the books in order.The doctor advised him to stay in bed for a week.They saw her entering the store.She had her computer repaired yesterday.如果将以上含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态，那么宾语补足语相应地成为了主语补足语：补充说明主语。
He was elected monitor.The books were put in order.She was seen entering the store.8. 同位语：位于名词或名词短语之后，具体解释说明其内容。
通常由名词、名词短语或同位语从句充当。
The future belongs to you young people.A year is divided into four seasons：spring, summer, autumn and winter.They each have a dictionary.The news that he won a prize is exciting.三、简单句的基本句型（一）主语十连系动词十表语(SVP----Subject+ Linking Verb +Predicative)（二）主语十不及物动词(SV----Subject +Intransitive Verb )（三）主语十及物动词十宾语(SVO----Subject + Transitive Verb +Object )（四）主语十及物动词十间接宾语十直接宾语(SVoO----Subject +Vt. +Indirect Object +Direct Object) （五）主语十及物动词十宾语十宾语补足语(SVOC----Subject +Vt. +Object +Object Complement ) 下面分别介绍这五种句型:（一）主语十连系动词十表语(SVP----主系表)The car is very beautiful.The rose smells sweet.He is a strong man.The newspaper was on the desk.The news is exciting.She looked worried.The problem is how to find a right house.The problem is how we can get there as soon as possible.（二）主语十不及物动词（SV----主谓）The telephone rang.The plane is taking off.The old shop has closed.His father might have left.在此句型中，状语并不是必不可缺少的成份，如：He died.He died two years ago但在某些情况下，状语必不可少。
如：He stayed in Beijing.The writer lived in the 20th century.They are going to fly to Shanghai.（三）主语十及物动词十宾语(SVO----主谓宾)Tom opened the window.We are reading a poem.They must have seen each other.Do you mind opening the window?I will remember to lock the doorHe suggested that you should start at once.注意：此句型中一般不需要状语即可表达完整的意思，但有时状语必不可少。
He put the vase on the table.I’ll take the child to the station.They treated him kindly.注意：及物动词和不及物动词的问题：1. 及物动词后必须接宾语；不及物动词后不能接宾语。
2. 有些动词一般用作不及物动词，如：come, go。
有些动词一般用作及物动词，如：buy, catch。
有些动词既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词。
Boys like to fly kitesBirds can fly.（四）主语十及物动词十间接宾语十直接宾语(SV oO----主谓双宾)He gave me his address.She lent him her book.I paid him the money.She made her son a toy.I have found him a room.注意：1.可将间接宾语放到直接宾语之后, 成为状语。
He gave his address to me.She made a toy for her son.2.能带双宾语的动词常见的有：bring，buy，fetch，find, give, lend, make, pass, play , promise, send ,show ,take, teach, tell, wish ,write 等。
