02-EAR Time Value

红色警戒,相信多数男生都玩过、、我是红色警戒粉丝，毕竟它伴随我的初中、高中、大学、、、文章后面有代码你可以直接复制RulesMD.ini。

我们这次是以红色警戒2 之尤里复仇为主，好久没玩了，但有一次玩尤里复仇黄金之街（2-6）输得太惨了，所以开始耍无赖了，修改规则文件吧。

规则文件可做在战役，以及遭遇战中可使用，但如果你要联机打，请把RulesMD.ini文件修改为其他名称。

要用的工具：1.红警2个性化编辑器（我用的是冷晓辉红警2个性化编辑器，方便查看武器代码）2.baidu下红警2 武器代码大全就行了。

我们这次修改的目标，我喜欢用美国，所以修改的建造物的拥有者就是美国了。

建筑物栏：BuildCat=Power1. 开始就能建造市民医院，没有建造要求，可让全地图兵种自动回血，每次加血2点。

（建造0，卖20000没钱了，可以建造一个卖）2.开始就能建心灵感应器，没有建造要求，可查看敌人要攻击的位置。

防御栏BuildCat=Combat1.开始就能建造间埃菲尔铁塔，没有建造要求，可识别间谍并攻击，可用三星宙斯盾MedusaE防空，可自动回血。

（敌人铁幕下会攻击它）2.开始就能建造间谍卫星，没有建造要求。

（自带2000电量）3.开始就能建天气控制机，没有建造要求。

（1秒冷却，但不可连放）4开始就能建超时空传送仪，没有建造要求。

（1秒冷却）5.开始就能建心灵控制器，没有建造要求。

（1秒冷却，尤里的武器，就是一bug，）6.开始就能建基因突变器，没有建造要求。

（1秒冷却）7.开始就能建核弹发射井，没有建造要求。

（1秒冷却）兵种栏Category=Soldier1.新增一个兵种，主武器为狙击抢，副武器为宙斯盾防空,快速移动，不被尤里控制，不可让坦克碾压，可安装C4（炸建筑物与轮船那叫一个爽呀）车辆栏Category=AFV1.新增一个车辆，主武器为埃菲尔铁塔用的Eiffebolt，副武器为三星宙斯盾的MedusaE防空，防空的bug！可以在陆地、水中行走、快速移动，可装载人员10人，可发现潜艇。

按字母顺序排列：Aa , able , about , account , acid , across , act , addition , adjustment , advertisement , after , again , against , agreement , air , all , almost , among , amount , amusement , and , angle , angry , animal , answer , ant , any , apparatus , apple , approval , arch , argument , arm , army, art , as , at , attack , attempt , attention , attraction , authority , automatic , awake .Bbaby , back , bad , bag , balance , ball , band , base , basin , basket , bath , be , beautiful , because , bed , bee , before , behavior , belief , bell , bent , berry , between , bird , birth , bit , bite , bitter , black , blade , blood , blow , blue , board , boat , body , boiling , bone , book , boot , bottle , box , boy , brain , brake , branch , brass , bread , breath , brick , bridge , bright , broken , brother , brown , brush , bucket , building , bulb , burn , burst , business , but , butter , button , by .Ccake , camera , canvas , card , care , carriage , cart , cat , cause , certain , chain , chalk , chance , change , cheap , cheese , chemical , chest , chief , chin , church , circle , clean , clear , clock , cloth , cloud , coal , coat , cold , collar , color , comb , come , comfort , committee , common , company , comparison , complete , competition , complex , condition , connection , conscious , control , cook , copper , copy , cord , cork , cotton , cough , country , cover , cow , crack , credit , crime , cruel , crush , cry , cup , current , curtain , curve , cushion , cutDdamage , danger , dark , daughter , day , dead , dear , death , debt , decision , deep , degree , delicate , dependent , design , desire , destruction , detail , development , different , digestion , direction , dirty , discovery , discussion , disease , disgust , distance , distribution , division , do , dog , door , doubt , down , drain , drawer , dress , drink , driving , drop , dry , dustEear , early , earth , east , edge , education , effect , egg , elastic , electric , end , engine , enough , equal , error , even , event , ever , every , example , exchange , existence , expansion , experience , expert , eyeFface , fact , fall , false , family , far , farm , fat , father , fear , feather , feeble , feeling , female , fertile , fiction , field , fight , finger , fire , first , fish , fixed , flag , flame , flat , flight , floor , flower , fly , fold , food , foolish , foot , for , force , fork , form , forward , fowl , frame , free , frequent , friend , from , front , fruit , full , futureGgarden , general , get , girl , give , glass , glove , go , goat , gold , good , government , grain , grass , great , green , grey/gray , grip , group , growth , guide , gunHhair , hammer , hand , hanging , happy , harbor , hard , harmony , hat , hate , have , he , head , healthy , hearing , heart , heat , help , here , high , history , hole , hollow , hook , hope , horn , horse , hospital , hour , house , how , humorII , ice , idea , if , ill , important , impulse , in , increase , industry , ink , insect , instrument , insurance , interest , invention , iron , islandJjelly , jewel , join , journey , judge , jumpKkeep , kettle , key , kick , kind , kiss , knee , knife , knot , knowledgeLland , language , last , late , laugh , law , lead , leaf , learning , leather, left , leg , let , letter , level , library , lift , light , like , limit , line , linen , lip , liquid , list , little (less ,least) , living , lock , long , loose , loss , loud , love , lowMmachine , make , male , man , manager , map , mark , market , married , match , material , mass , may , meal , measure , meat , medical , meeting , memory , metal , middle , military , milk , mind , mine , minute , mist , mixed , money , monkey , month , moon , morning , mother , motion , mountain , mouth , move , much (more, most) , muscle , musicNnail , name , narrow , nation , natural , near , necessary , neck , need , needle , nerve , net , new , news , night , no , noise , normal , north , nose , not , note , now , number , nutOobservation , of , off , offer , office , oil , old , on , only , open , operation , opinion , opposite , or , orange , order , organization , ornament , other , out , oven , over , ownerPpage , pain , paint , paper , parallel , parcel , part , past , paste , payment , peace , pen , pencil , person , physical , picture , pig , pin , pipe , place , plane , plant , plate , play , please , pleasure , plough/plow , pocket , point , poison , polish , political , poor , porter , position , possible , pot , potato , powder , power , present , price , print , prison , private , probable , process , produce , profit , property , prose , protest , public , pull , pump , punishment , purpose , push , putQquality , question , quick , quiet , quiteRrail , rain , range , rat , rate , ray , reaction , red , reading , ready , reason , receipt , record , regret , regular , relation , religion , representative , request , respect , responsible , rest , reward , rhythm , rice , right , ring , river , road , rod , roll , roof , room , root , rough , round , rub , rule , runSsad , safe , sail , salt , same , sand , say , scale , school , science , scissors , screw , sea , seat , second , secret , secretary , see , seed , selection , self , send , seem , sense , separate , serious , servant , sex , shade , shake , shame , sharp , sheep , shelf , ship , shirt , shock , shoe , short , shut , side , sign , silk , silver , simple , sister , size , skin , skirt , sky , sleep , slip , slope , slow , small , smash , smell , smile , smoke , smooth , snake , sneeze , snow , so , soap , society , sock , soft , solid , some , son , song , sort , sound , south , soup , space , spade , special , sponge , spoon , spring , square , stamp , stage , star , start , statement , station , steam , stem , steel , step , stick , sticky , still , stitch , stocking , stomach , stone , stop , store , story , strange , street , stretch , stiff , straight , strong , structure , substance , sugar , suggestion , summer , support , surprise , such , sudden , sun , sweet , swim , systemTtable , tail , take , talk , tall , taste , tax , teaching , tendency , test , than , that , the , then , theory , there , thick , thin , thing , this , though , thought , thread , throat , through , thumb , thunder , ticket , tight , till , time , tin , tired , to , toe , together , tomorrow , tongue , tooth , top , touch , town , trade , train , transport , tray , tree , trick , trouble , trousers , true , turn , twistUumbrella , under , unit , up , useVvalue , verse , very , vessel , view , violent , voiceWwaiting , walk , wall , war , warm , wash , waste , watch , water , wave , wax , way , weather , week , weight , well , west , wet , wheel , when , where , while , whip , whistle , white , who , why , wide , will , wind , window , wine , wing , winter , wire , wise , with , woman , wood , wool , word , work , worm , wound , writing , wrongX , Y , Zyear , yellow , yes , yesterday , you , young。

专题02 动名词九大考点归纳（讲案）-2025年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题02 动名词九大考点归纳（讲案）原卷版（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+分类通关+原创语填）目录一、动名词用法快问快答P2二、动名词用法思维导图P2三、动名词用法知识清单P3 知识清单一：动名词的复杂形式P3 知识清单二：部分动名词主动形式表示被动意义用法P3 知识清单三：只接doing作宾语的动词归纳P4 知识清单四：接to do/doing作宾语意义不同的动词P4 知识清单五：常考含介词to的动词短语P5 知识清单六：常考省略介词类动词短语P5 知识清单七、动名词作主语典型用法P6 知识清单八：动名词复合结构典型用法P6 知识清单九：动名词作表语和定语典型用法P7 四、动名词用法分类通关P7 分类通关（一）单句填空（高考真题）P7 分类通关（二）单句填空（模拟试题）P8 分类通关（三）动名词助力应用文写作升格P8 分类通关（四）动名词助力读后续写升格P9 分类通关（五）语法填空（外刊原创）P9 2024感动中国人物--燃烧自我照亮他人的特教老师刘玲琍P9一、动名词用法快问快答Q1：什么叫动名词？A1：顾名思义，动名词就是一个动词-ing形式兼有动词和名词一些特征。

Q2：动名词（短语）能充当什么成分？A2：动名词（短语）在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

Q3：学习动名词难点在哪里？A3：一是需要区分不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，二是掌握动名词形式的复杂变化。

Q4：阅读过程中遇到动名词（短语）怎么办？A4：利用括号法把整个动名词（短语）括起来视为一个整体来理解。

Q5：学好动名词（短语）有什么意义？A5：一能化繁为简迅速提高文章阅读能力，二能在书面表达巧妙运用动名词（短语）提升句子表达效果。

Q6：如何才能学好动名词（短语）？A6：一是努力掌握动名词（短语）基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，见多识广。

'9U 校园新一代大学英语（提高篇）综合教程 1Unit2 答案 Ullit 2 Be yourself, be happyi Explore 12-2 {Explore I : ReadingV T ieWing 1-2D CICar2) Pleiι( y細 aι1ιele4) WaIk5)guilty 6)chance 7) IilZy紳 terrified9) IlorribIe LO ) UnIaZIn g 2-3 !Explore I : Buikliiigyour IHnKUageλλ ords IInd expressions 1-11. decisive2. eMihκΠe3. WoUIIIeSS4 ICiIltOrCenlent5. UlKIerh Jim ⅜ ⅜B6. CollIfOrtinIT7. 8- IiKUijfcstedλλ ords and expressions 1-2Reterence:1, ICt j*υ Of IhC IlCUaIι∖ c ClllotiollSW ~ ⅛2, Clinging to UIIhapPy things3, take VlnIr IIHlKI υfl' IIle test'94. you are aware Of IHS PCIIn5. goes hand In IIaIKl With a POSitiVC OUtlOOk On IIfC6. in terms OfhaPPineSS7. is IeSolUte in CA ereOIning all difficulties COlIOCatiOnS 11. accomplish2. SenSe3. ObIigation丄 baggage5. PUrSUitXOcabuIary IearIliIIg StriltegieS 1-2Referelice:1. Self-reproach; Self-talk2. Self-imposed∖ Ocahulary learning StnltegieS 1-31. Seli-deprecating2. SeIf-talk3. SelI-reproaclι4 Selt-imposedLangUage focus 1-2Referenee:1. I decide to do ιn∖ kιundr∖ h∖ FndaV IIiaht if not SooneE2. YOU IOok InUCh better now that VoIfve freetl ∖ ourselfIrOm MShOUkΓ, Shamine・3. If Ilot a great scholar, he is a bright man.4 No∖∖^ that we know how to USe reiιιiOrCers. we Can gi∖ eit a tn∖■Banked CIOZe 11) ObIigation2) resolute3) reiιtforcement4) guilt5) worthless6) SuCkS7) InaniieSt8) SOlidifX T9) Ilegative10) worth2・4 iExplore 1: Sharing your ideasSliai ing you∣∙ ideas 1Reierenee:• Description Ot thC Problein: I ProCraStilIatC On regularly OrganiZing my PerSOnal belongings in Iny dorm.• EXamPIe(S) Of IIow IhiS PrOblem is CaUSing troubles: 1) MY desk and bed arc IneSSV aιul UntidVI 2) I Cannot InUl IlIe thinss that I need Iininediatelv; 3) I don,t WaIlt to StaV In theJ ・doπn.• IiKiuiix about SUeSeStiOllS In a SinCCre tone: WheII VOU⅝r W ・fπκl yourself In this SitUation. What would you PoSSibly tell yoursell1 Γm rcalh UI IIeUd of your SUgycs(ιoιIS to help IUC o∖ ercoιnc this ProbIeIn・iExplore 22-5 iExplore 2: ReadingVleWing 1-2L ShyI awkward: negative; quiet: anti-social2・ energetic: OUtgOing: IIOnna1: POSitl∖ e; Irieiidly; SOCIaI Mewing 1-3Referenee:1 ACCOrding to the ∖ ideo CIiP・ intro∖ ersion andextro∖ ersion SPeCilICally (Jeal With how an Indl∖ idual stains and IOSeS energy・ IntdItS ^alil energy from theirJ J ∙ j j ∙internal world, as they enjoy deep Ihinking.COntCInPlatlng new ideas and reflecting UpOlI theirCXPCriCnCCS・ Extro wils gain CnCrgy from tlιc CXtCrnaI WOrkL as they enjoy SOCialiZing and exploring the WOrld around tlieiii.2. I always think that iιιtroveιts arc quiet, shy. CVCn a bit anti-sociaL WhiIe extro∖ eιls are MtiyleHuJ aιul Otten quitepopular.3. ∙ The COntent Of the VidDO definitely ChaI12es ιn∖“ JOI iginaI thoughts JbOUt extro∖ erts and intro∖ eιls. They are just Cllfferent Ieniperanients. I o think that extro∖βertsarc better Ihan introverts^ Or IhC Other ∖va∖r aroun<L IS a IniSUnderStandin2 to SaV the least.• The COntent Of the ∖ ideo is actually quite SinliIar to What I Ori(JinallV thought about extro∖r eιls and IntrO∖ erts. In fact I have fιieικls WlIO arc SeelI as introverts. AS an CXtro∖ert.I get IIlony well ∖∖ith them Wc IUakC great teams Working toward a COInmOn goal. SO IbCheVe the knowledge about these two teιnρeι aments is not a COlnPlete mystery to me.2∙6 iExplore 2: BUildin(I your IanSUageW ordS and expressions 1-11. UIUte2・ POSSCSS3. (Jccbmion4. IIerOiC5. tierce6. intro∖eH7. SParked& Iabel9. inclinedλλ ords and CXPreSSiOIIS 1・21 ・ COnJUre UP2. at OnCe3. SPCak volumes4. COnSiSt Of5. keep to herself(OlioCationS 1Reference:1. knowledge2. aimer工 WanunS4. JeSirC5. qualities6. encoιιraeenιentJλ Ocabularv Iearaing StrilteOieS 1-2⅜ 0 01) Introxeits2) IOIkl3) IeSened4) quiet5) JedICated6) ∏erce7) ShV ■8) StrOn<2InUISIntiOlI 1-1Reierelice:越來越沾勉的是・我的人物们不是躺任某处的•木巧中: 他们就在这里•等待若我去看,去感受,去经历。

充值用英语怎么说充值可分为传统的营业厅缴费充值、纸质卡密充值和现代化的c2c 网上充值和b2c平台代充。

那么你知道充值用英语怎么说吗?下面跟着店铺一起来学习一下吧。

充值的英语说法：recharge充值相关英语表达：充值卡 rechargeable card自动充值 auto-recharge卡片充值 Card recharge充值的英语例句：1. Open your browser and you can buy credit on the hotel's website.打开网络浏览器,你可以在酒店的网站上购买上网专用的充值.2. You can also recharge it by yourself after activation.您也可在激活后,自行充值.3. Mechanical Pencil, Refill Leads , Ballpen Wooden Pencil, Eraser, Stationery PlasticPlastic Products.采购产品笔, 充值线索,圆珠笔木制铅笔, 橡皮擦, 文具.4. Next, buy malic website to able to charge a cost successfully.然后, 买家可到苹果网站成功充值.5. Inside with a bank card that must recharge it?那必须用银行卡往里充值么 ?6. Silver refill ( gel ink ), the ink color is silver color.银充值 ( 凝胶油墨 ), 油墨颜色是银色.7. Good morning! Can I make my mobile phone funded through your bank?早上好! 贵行可以进行手机充值吗 ?8. Have to buy recharge cards passwordcard recharge the designated users.没有购买充值卡的可以点击页面下方的“购买充值卡”进行付费购买.9. Occasionally, please apply for refund pre - paid failure.偶尔充值失败请及时申请退款.10. Welcome the collection, time value more convenient!欢迎收藏备用, 下次充值就更方便了!11. Thanks. I will buy a top - up card today.谢谢. 我今天要买张充值卡了.12. Then enter your serial number [ prepaid card and recharge card password ] [ submitted ] to press OK.然后输入你的[充值卡序列号]和 [ 充值卡密码 ] 按 [ 提交 ] 就OK 了.13. Pre - supported online prepaid deposits, deposits in support of pre - paid accounts automatically record Member of the change.支持预存款在线充值, 支持预存款支付,自动记录会员帐户变更情况.引入邮件草稿箱概念,用于存储常用邮件群发信息.14. We can design new software for arid network - monitoring makes use of features of software dog.利用软件狗的特点,设计出相应的管理充值程序和网络服务监控程序.15. Can the Agricultural Bank of China gold ear individual public affair card charge value paying treasure?中国农业银行金穗个人公务卡能充值支付宝?。

备战高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)第六期专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies tousing it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.1．What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound?A．To help him fight boredom.B．To develop his creative ability.C．To make his drug more powerful.D．To aid the process of his experiments.2．What can we learn about Temple’s system?A．Its effect remains to be seen.B．It failed to work as expected.C．It is too complicated to operate.D．It has produced satisfying results.3．Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it?A．To get rid of public fear of the virus.B．To show h1s talent in producing music.C．To facilitate people’s understanding of science.D．To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.4．What does the text mainly talk about?A．Why scientists are turning molecules into music.B．How scientists help the public understand science.C．Why music can be the best way to present science.D．How music helps scientists conduct their research.（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness,fluency and comprehension, worked best.Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.5．What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms?A．It is ill reputed.B．It is mostly misapplied.C．It is totally ignored.D．It is seemingly contradictory.6．What has America been witnessing?A．A burning passion for improving teaching methods.B．A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.C．An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.D．A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.7．What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”?A．Tolerant.B．Enthusiastic.C．Unclear.D．Disapproving.8．According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success?A．Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.B．Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.C．Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.D．Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.（2024·江苏泰州·一模）A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans. Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve asthe satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.9．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The appearance of artificial satellites.B．The components of artificial satellites.C．The basic function of artificial satellites.D．The specific mission of artificial satellites.10．What is the role of computers in artificial satellites?A．Providing electrical power.B．Recording changes observed.C．Monitoring space environment.D．Processing information received.11．How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits?A．By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.B．By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.C．By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.D．By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.12．Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly?A．They are more affected by earth’s gravity.B．They take advantage of rockets more effectively.C．They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.D．They are equipped with more advanced instruments.（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses. The immune system protects against the attack of harmful microbes (微生物) by producing chemicals called antibodies, which are programmed to destroy a specific type of microbe. They travel in the blood and search the body for invaders (入侵者). When they find an invasive microbe, antibodies attack and destroy any cell thatcontains the virus. However, flu viruses can be a terrible enemy. Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.Your body produces white blood cells to protect you against infectious diseases. Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins. White blood cells in your immune system, such as T cells, can sense antigens in the viruses in your cells. Once your body finds an antigen, it takes immediate action in many different ways. For example, T cells produce more antibodies, call in cells that eat microbes, and destroy cells that are infected with a virus.One of the best things about the immune system is that it will always remember a microbe it has fought before and know just how to fight it again in the future. Your body can learn to fight so well that your immune system can completely destroy a virus before you feel sick at all.However, even the most cautious people can become infected. Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.13．Why does flu pose a threat to the immune system?A．Microbes contain large quantities of viruses.B．Antibodies are too weak to attack flu viruses.C．The body has few effective ways to tackle flu.D．It’s hard to keep pace with the evolution of viruses.14．What does the underlined word “antigens” refer to in Paragraph 2?A．The cell protecting your body from viruses.B．The matter serving as the indicator of viruses.C．The antibodies helping to fight against viruses.D．The substance destroying cells infected with viruses.15．How do vaccines defend the body against the flu viruses?A．They strengthen the body’s immune system.B．They battle against weakened or dead viruses.C．They help produce antibodies to wipe out viruses.D．They expose the body to viruses during flu season.16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A．Antibodies Save Our Health.B．Vaccines Are Of Great Necessity.C．Infectious Flu Viruses Are Around.D．Human Body Fights Against Flu Viruses.（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”Bees need to work quickly and efficiently. They need to make decisions. Which flower will have a sweet liquid? While they’re flying, they face threats from the air. While landing, they’re vulnerable to potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.Researchers trained 20 bees to associate each of the five different colored “flower disks” with their visit history of reward and punishment. Blue flowers always had sugar juice. Green flowers always had a type of liquid with a bitter taste for bees. Other colors sometimes had glucose (葡萄糖). “Then we introduced each bee to a ‘garden’ with artificial ‘flowers’. We filmed each bee and timed their decision-making process,” says Dr. MaBouDi. “If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.”The team then built a computer model mirroring the bees’ decision-making process. They found the structure of the model looked very similar to the physical layout of a bee brain. “AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements,” says Professor Marshall who co-founded a company that uses insect brain patterns to enable machines to move autonomously, like nature.17．Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”?A．To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.B．To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.C．To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.D．To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.18．Which of the following can best replace “vulnerable to” underlined in paragraph 3?A．Easily harmed by.B．Highly sensitive to.C．Deeply critical to.D．Closely followed by.19．What influenced the speed of trained bees in making decisions?A．Their judgments about reward and punishment.B．Their preference for the colors of flower disks.C．Their confirmation of food’s presence and absence.D．Their ability to tell real flowers from artificial ones.20．What message does Professor James Marshall want to give us?A．The power of bee brains is underestimated.B．Biology can inspire future AI.C．Autonomous machines are changing nature.D．AI should be far more efficient.（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to? If so, you are not alone.FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect. The feeling that we are always being left out of fundamentally important events, or that our lives are not living up to the image pictured by others, can have long-term damaging psychological consequences.While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways. The reason why social media has such a triggering effect is tied to the appeal of social media in the first place: these are platforms which allow us to share only the most glowing presentations of our accomplishments, while leaving out the boring aspects of life. While this kind of misrepresentation could be characterized as dishonest, it is what the polished atmosphere of social media seems to demand.So how do we avoid falling into the trap of our own insecurities? Firstly, consider your own social media posts. Have you ever chosen photos or quotes which lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life? Well, so have others and what they’ve left hidden is the fact that loneliness and boredom are unavoidably a part of everyone’s day-to-day life, and you are not the only one feeling left out. Secondly, learn to appreciate the positives. You may not be a regular at exciting parties or a climber of dizzying peaks, but you have your health, a place to live, and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives. Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter? They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.21．What can frequently experiencing FOMO lead to?A．Harm to one’s feeling of self-value.B．A more satisfying and fulfilling social life.C．Damage to one’s work productivity.D．Less likelihood of professional success.22．What does the author suggest in the third paragraph?A．The primary reason for FOMO is deeply rooted in social media.B．Our own social media posts help us feel much more confident.C．People who don’t share posts on social media are more bored.D．Social media’s nature enhances envious feelings and self-doubt.23．Why does the author mention reality TV shows in the last paragraph?A．To emphasize how false what we see on social media can be.B．To indicate how complicated social media has turned to.C．To figure out how popular and useful social media has been.D．To point out how educational value reality TV shows reflect.24．Which is the best title for the text?A．Myths and misconceptions about FOMO B．FOMO: what it is and how to overcome itC．How FOMO is changing human relationships D．We’re now all in the power of “FOMO addiction”（23-24高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones, raising a related question: As a leader in 5G technology, has Huawei managed to develop a 5G smartphone on its own?The answer is not simple. Huawei, as a pioneer in global 5G communication equipment, has played a leading role in the commercialization of 5G technology, with its strong system design and fields such as baseband chips (基带芯片), baseband processors and 5G modems.However, basebands and modems are not the only aspects that define 5G wireless communication. The stability and high-quality signals of a 5G smartphone also depend on other critical components such as RF transceivers (射频收发器) and RF front ends and antennas (天线) . These components are largely dominated by four US high-tech giants—Qualcomm, Avago Technologies, Ansem and Qorvo—which account for a surprising global market share.Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years. However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.Considering that Huawei has not explicitly marketed this device as a 5G smartphone, it is possible that it isyet to fully overcome some key core technological and componential shortcomings. For the time being, we can consider Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro as 4.99G. But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.25．What do the underlined words “on par with” mean in Paragraph 1?A．as poor as.B．as good as.C．worse than.D．better than.26．Why was it tough for Huawei to develop a 5G smartphone three years ago?A．Its system design and fields needed to be updated.B．It only focused on the commercialization of 5G technology.C．It was unwilling to cooperate with high-tech giants in America.D．It lacked critical components mainly controlled by US high-tech giants.27．What does Paragraph 4 centre on?A．The US sanctions.B．Critical components.C．Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices.D．Progress in Mate 60 Pro.28．What is the text mainly about?A．Huawei faced with significant challengesB．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a 5G smartphoneC．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a remarkable breakthroughD．Huawei leading in global 5G communication equipment（23-24高三上·江苏无锡·期末）Blue-light-filtering glasses (滤蓝光眼镜) have become an increasingly popular solution for protecting our eyes from electronic screens’ near-inescapable glow — light that is commonly associated with eyestrain (眼疲劳). In recent years they’ve even become fashion statements that are recognized by celebrities and ranked in style guides. But a recent review paper shows such glasses might not be as effective as people think.The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health. The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.“It’s an excellent review,” says Mark Rosenfield, a professor at the State University of New York College of Optometry, who was not involved in the study. “The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have anyeffect on eyestrain.” He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain despite them being specifically marketed for that purpose. As for using blue-light-filtering eyeglasses for eye health, for now, Rosenfield says, “there’s nothing to support people buying them”.The strain we may feel while staring at our phone or computer screen too long is likely to be caused by multiple factors, such as bad habits or underlying conditions, an associate professor of vision science at the University of Melbourne, Downie says. She argues that how we interact with digital devices contributes more to eyestrain than screens’ blue light does. Changing the frequency and duration of screen usage and distancing one’s eyes from the screens might be more important in reducing discomfort, Downie says. She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.29．What can we know about blue-light-filtering glasses from the text?A．They can improve eyesight.B．They may not reduce eyestrain.C．They can promote eye health.D．They can help to cure eye diseases.30．What can we infer from paragraph 2?A．A great many professors were involved in the study.B．Blue-blocking glasses on the market are harmful to eyes.C．The finding of the study comes as a surprise to the public.D．Data from previous trials help the study a lot.31．What does the underlined word “reinforces” mean in paragraph 3?A．Denies.B．Opposes.C．Strengthens.D．Evaluates.32．What should we do if we suffer from eyestrain according to Downie?A．Wear blue-light-filtering glasses.B．Have an examination in the hospital.C．Stop staring at the screen for ever.D．Focus on the frequency of phone usage.（2024·江苏连云港·一模）Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongsrequire daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.33．According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.A．warn other birds of risks B．produce more songsC．perform perfectly in singing D．defend their territory34．What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Prepares.B．Stimulates.C．Forbids.D．Frightens.35．What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment?A．They lost the ability to sing.B．They strengthened their muscles.C．Their songs showed no difference.D．Their songs became less appealing.36．What may Iris Adam agree with?A．The songbirds live on music.B．The songbirds are born singers.C．Daily exercise keeps birds healthy.D．Practice makes birds perfect singers.（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末）Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere. While Venus’s cold and unpleasant landscape does make it seem far less like Earth, scientists recently detected another striking similarity between the two, the presence of active volcanoes.When NASA’s Magellan mission mapped much of the planet with radar in the 1990sit revealed an。

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sport 运动第02册M08-75 about 关于第02册M09-76 meat 肉第02册M09-77 noodles 面条第02册M09-78 rice 米饭第02册M09-79 sweets 糖果第02册M09-80 children 孩子们第02册M09-81 ice cream 冰激凌第02册M10-82 here's=here is 这是第02册M10-83 present 礼物第02册M10-84 sorry 对不起的第02册M10-85 car 小汽车第03册M01-1 song 歌曲第03册M01-2 jigsaw 拼图第03册M01-3 bike 自行车第03册M01-4 toy 玩具第03册M02-5 T-shirt T 恤衫第03册M02-6 mum 妈妈第03册M02-7 dad 爸爸第03册M02-8 too 太第03册M02-9 small 小的第03册M02-10 shirt 衬衫第03册M02-11 at 在第03册M02-12 party 聚会第03册M02-13 clothes 衣服第03册M02-14 trousers 裤子第03册M02-15 shoe 鞋第03册M03-16 we 我们第03册M03-17 have 有第03册M03-18 English 英语第03册M03-19 new 新来的第03册M03-20 Maths 数学第03册M03-21 Music 音乐第03册M03-22 please 请第03册M03-23 play 演奏第03册M03-24 PE 体育课小学新标准英语第1-12册单词表(一年级起点)（课本顺序）3 / 9第03册 M03-25 Science 科学第03册 M03-26 Chinese 汉语，语文 第03册 M03-27 Art 美术 第03册 M04-28 o'clock 点钟 第03册 M04-29 film 电影 第03册 M04-30 time 时间 第03册 M04-31 run 跑 第03册 M04-32 train 火车第03册 M04-33 hungry 饥饿的 第03册 M04-34 dinner 正餐，主餐 第03册 M04-35 now 现在 第03册 M04-36 all right 好吧 第03册 M04-37 great 太好了 第03册 M05-38 get up 起床 第03册 M05-39 go to school 上学 第03册 M05-40 have lunch 吃午餐 第03册 M05-41 go home 回家 第03册 M05-42 then 然后第03册 M05-43 go to bed 上床睡觉 第03册 M05-44 half 半小时 第03册 M05-45 past 晚于 第03册 M05-46 late 迟的第03册 M05-47 have breakfast 吃早餐 第03册 M06-48 watch TV 看电视 第03册 M06-49 weekend 周末 第03册 M06-50 read 读 第03册 M06-51 come 来 第03册 M06-52 with 和…一起 第03册 M06-53 OK 好 第03册 M06-54 listen 听 第03册 M07-55 park 公园 第03册 M07-56 too 也 第03册 M07-57 want 想要 第03册 M07-58 us 我们（宾格） 第03册 M07-59 live 居住 第03册 M07-60 city 城市第03册 M08-61 how 怎样，如何 第03册 M08-62 by 乘坐 第03册 M08-63 walk 步行第03册 M08-64 go to work 上班 第03册 M08-65 on holiday 度假 第03册 M08-66 ship 船第03册 M08-67 China 中国 第03册 M08-68 plane 飞机 第03册 M08-69 love 爱第03册 M09-70 winter 冬天第03册 M09-71spring 春天 第03册 M09-72 wear 穿 第03册 M09-73 jacket 夹克 第03册 M09-74 summer 夏天 第03册 M09-75 autumn 秋天 第03册 M09-76 sweater 毛线衫 第03册 M09-77 warm 暖和的 第03册 M09-78 cool 凉爽的 第03册 M09-79 cold 寒冷的 第03册 M10-80 New Year 新年 第03册 M10-81 eat 吃 第03册 M10-82 hair 头发 第03册 M10-83 Christmas 圣诞节 第03册 M10-84 England 英国 第03册 M10-85 sing 唱第04册 M01-1 weather 天气，气候 第04册 M01-2 like 像，如同 第04册 M01-3 sunny 晴朗的 第04册 M01-4 windy 有风的 第04册 M01-5 rain 下雨第04册 M01-6 come on 快，走吧 第04册 M01-7 here 在这里 第04册 M01-8 snow 下雪 第04册 M02-9 radio 收音机 第04册 M02-10 photo 照片 第04册 M02-11 newspaper 报纸 第04册 M02-12 camera 照相机 第04册 M02-13 smile 微笑 第04册 M02-14 draw 画 第04册 M02-15 picture 图画 第04册 M02-16 write 写 第04册 M02-17 letter 信第04册 M02-18 colour 把…涂颜色 第04册 M03-19 tidy 整理，收拾 第04册 M03-20 room 房间 第04册 M03-21 do 做第04册 M03-22 homework 家庭作业 第04册 M03-23 secret 秘密 第04册 M03-24 card 卡片 第04册 M03-25 flower 花 第04册 M03-26 today 今天 第04册 M04-27 noise 噪音 第04册 M04-28 drink 喝，饮 第04册 M04-29 talk 谈话 第04册 M04-30 there 在那里 第04册 M04-31game 游戏第04册M05-32 skip 跳绳第04册M05-33 playtime 游戏时间第04册M05-34 sad 伤心的第04册M05-35 no one 没有人第04册M05-36 me 我（宾格）第04册M05-37 hide 隐藏第04册M05-38 seek 寻找第04册M05-39 hurry up 赶快第04册M05-40 catch 抓第04册M06-41 usually 通常第04册M06-42 Sunday 星期天第04册M06-43 help 帮助第04册M06-44 it 它（宾格）第04册M06-45 thing 东西第04册M06-46 ill 生病的第04册M06-47 him 他（宾格）第04册M06-48 her 她（宾格）第04册M06-49 cook 烧菜第04册M06-50 go shopping 去购物第04册M07-51 Children's Day 儿童节第04册M07-52 play 剧第04册M07-53 some 一些第04册M07-54 say 念，背诵第04册M07-55 poem 诗第04册M07-56 class 班级第04册M07-57 dragon dance 舞龙第04册M07-58 picnic 野餐第04册M07-59 fly 放（风筝）第04册M07-60 sleep 睡第04册M08-61 up 向上第04册M08-62 hill 小山第04册M08-63 station 车站第04册M08-64 down 向下第04册M08-65 past 经过第04册M08-66 hospital 医院第04册M08-67 stop 停止第04册M08-68 see 看见第04册M08-69 turn 转向第04册M08-70 around 朝着相反方向第04册M08-71 touch 触摸，接触第04册M09-72 left 向左第04册M09-73 go straight on 直着走第04册M09-74 right 向右第04册M09-75 West Lake Road 湖西路第04册M09-76 excuse me 对不起，打扰第04册M09-77 East Lake Road 湖东路第04册M09-78 factory 工厂第04册M10-79 next to 在…旁边第04册M10-80 in front of 在…的前面第04册M10-81 cousin 堂兄第04册M10-82 supermarket 超市第04册M10-83 well 详细地，熟悉地第04册M10-84 of course 当然第05册M01-1 use 使用第05册M01-2 chopsticks 筷子第05册M01-3 hard 困难的第05册M01-4 people 人们第05册M01-5 knife 刀第05册M01-6 fork 叉第05册M01-7 easy 容易的第05册M01-8 hamburger 汉堡包第05册M01-9 chips 薯条第05册M01-10 fast food 快餐第05册M02-11 make 制作第05册M02-12 cake 蛋糕第05册M02-13 idea 主意第05册M02-14 instead 代替第05册M02-15 lovely 可爱的第05册M03-16 naughty 淘气的第05册M03-17 dragon boat 龙舟第05册M03-18 row 划船第05册M03-19 lake 湖第05册M03-20 feed 喂第05册M03-21 get out 离开第05册M03-22 wet 湿的第05册M03-23 shorts 短裤第05册M04-24 can 能第05册M04-25 winner 胜利者第05册M04-26 jump 跳第05册M04-27 far 远第05册M04-28 see 看出，发觉第05册M05-29 shop 商店第05册M05-30 ill 生病的第05册M05-31 biscuit 饼干第05册M05-32 worry 担心第05册M05-33 all 全部的第05册M06-34 computer game 电子游戏机第05册M06-35 careful 小心的第05册M06-36 fix 修理第05册M06-37 jigsaw puzzle 拼图玩具第05册M06-38 pet 宠物第05册M06-39 mouse 老鼠第05册M07-40 headache 头疼第05册M07-41 stomach ache 胃痛第05册M07-42 test 考试第05册M07-43 Friday 星期五小学新标准英语第1-12册单词表(一年级起点)（课本顺序）5 / 9第05册 M07-44 clever 聪明的 第05册 M07-45 cold 感冒 第05册 M07-46 cough 咳嗽 第05册 M08-47 stone 石头 第05册 M08-48 animal 动物 第05册 M08-49 elephant 大象 第05册 M08-50 horse 马 第05册 M08-51 visit 参观 第05册 M08-52 man 男人 第05册 M08-53 woman 女人 第05册 M09-54 long jump 跳远 第05册 M09-55 Sports Day 运动日 第05册 M09-56 high jump 跳高 第05册 M09-57 race 赛跑 第05册 M09-58 run a race 参加赛跑 第05册 M09-59 train driver 火车司机 第05册 M09-60 taxi driver 出租车司机 第05册 M09-61 bus driver 公交车司机 第05册 M10-62 Hong Kong 香港 第05册 M10-63 airport 飞机场 第05册 M10-64 sea 大海第05册 M10-65 Saturday 星期六 第06册 M01-1 nice 友善的 第06册 M01-2 always 总是 第06册 M01-3 but 但是 第06册 M01-4 a bit 有一点 第06册 M01-5 shy 害羞的 第06册 M01-6 quiet 安静的 第06册 M01-7 loud 吵闹的第06册 M01-8 helpful 有帮助的 第06册 M01-9 plus 加上 第06册 M01-10 twenty 二十 第06册 M01-11 more 更多的 第06册 M02-12 wide 宽的 第06册 M02-13 old 古老的 第06册 M02-14 London 伦敦 第06册 M02-15 from 来自 第06册 M02-16 river 河流 第06册 M02-17 clock 钟 第06册 M02-18 high 高的 第06册 M02-19 new 新的 第06册 M02-20 round 圆的 第06册 M03-21 maybe 也许 第06册 M03-22 tiger 老虎 第06册 M03-23 lots of 很多 第06册 M03-24 phone 打电话第06册 M04-25witer 作家 第06册 M04-26 future 将来 第06册 M04-27 policeman 警察 第06册 M05-28 fruit 水果 第06册 M05-29 apple 苹果 第06册 M05-30 orange 橘子 第06册 M05-31 peach 桃子 第06册 M05-32 fourteen 十四 第06册 M05-33 them 他们（宾格） 第06册 M05-34 thirteen 十三 第06册 M05-35 fifteen 十五 第06册 M05-36 sixteen 十六 第06册 M05-37 seventeen 十七 第06册 M05-38 eighteen 十八 第06册 M05-39 nineteen 十九 第06册 M06-40 work 工作，学习 第06册 M06-41 hard 努力地 第06册 M06-42 speak 说话 第06册 M06-43 quite 相当地 第06册 M06-44 good at 擅长 第06册 M06-45 say 表达，写道 第06册 M06-46 try 努力，尝试 第06册 M06-47 fast 很快地 第06册 M07-48 young 年轻的 第06册 M07-49 who 谁第06册 M07-50 grandparent 祖父母 第06册 M07-51 old 老的 第06册 M07-52 then 在那时 第06册 M07-53 beautiful 漂亮的 第06册 M07-54 dear 亲爱的 第06册 M07-55 yesterday 昨天 第06册 M07-56 fun 有趣的 第06册 M08-57 second 第二 第06册 M08-58 floor 楼层 第06册 M08-59 find 找到 第06册 M08-60 first 第一 第06册 M08-61 vegetable 蔬菜 第06册 M08-62 last 上一个 第06册 M08-63 milk 牛奶 第06册 M09-64 tomorrow 明天 第06册 M09-65 take 带着 第06册 M09-66 why 为什么 第06册 M09-67 day 天，日子 第06册 M09-68 Monday 星期一 第06册 M09-69 after 在…之后 第06册 M09-70Tuesday 星期二第06册M09-71 Wednesday 星期三第06册M09-72 Thursday 星期四第06册M10-73 fifty 五十第06册M10-74 thirty 三十第06册M10-75 different 不同的第06册M10-76 sixty 六十第06册M10-77 forty 四十第06册M10-78 eighty 八十第06册M10-79 ninety 九十第06册M10-80 seventy 七十第06册M10-81 hundred 百第07册M01-1 soon 不久第07册M01-2 tell 告诉第07册M01-3 still 仍第07册M01-4 April 四月第07册M01-5 dancing 舞蹈第07册M01-6 also 也第07册M01-7 American 美国人第07册M02-8 yesterday 昨天第07册M02-9 clean 打扫第07册M02-10 finish 完成第07册M02-11 wash 洗第07册M03-12 learn 学习第07册M03-13 dirty 脏的第07册M03-14 National Day 国庆节第07册M04-15 invent 发明第07册M04-16 paper 纸第07册M04-17 important 重要的第07册M04-18 printing 印刷术第07册M04-19 print 印刷第07册M04-20 bicycle 自行车第07册M05-21 went--go 去第07册M05-22 the Great Wall 长城第07册M05-23 saw--see 看见第07册M05-24 ate--eat 吃第07册M05-25 had--have 享受第07册M05-26 bought--buy 买第07册M05-27 climb 爬第07册M05-28 mountain 山第07册M05-29 wore--wear 穿第07册M05-30 ice-skating 滑冰第07册M05-31 fell over--fall over 摔倒第07册M05-32 hurt 受伤第07册M05-33 learnt--learn 学习第07册M05-34 skate 滑冰第07册M05-35 fall over 摔倒第07册M06-36 gold 金子第07册M06-37 food 食物第07册M06-38 took--take 拿走第07册M06-39 made--make 制作第07册M06-40 angry 生气的第07册M06-41 only 只第07册M06-42 away 离开第07册M06-43 said--say 说第07册M07-44 break 弄坏第07册M07-45 cry 哭第07册M07-46 monster 怪物第07册M07-47 ran--run 跑第07册M07-48 came--come 来第07册M07-49 last 刚过去的第07册M07-50 won--win 赢得第07册M07-51 gold 金制的第07册M07-52 cup 奖杯第07册M07-53 practice 练习第07册M07-54 win 赢得第07册M07-55 happen 发生第07册M07-56 put--put 放第07册M07-57 ride 骑第07册M07-58 thirsty 口渴的第07册M07-59 watermelon 西瓜第07册M07-60 fell off--fall off 从…跌落第07册M07-61 knee 膝盖第07册M07-62 cut--cut 切，割第07册M07-63 finger 手指第07册M07-64 matter 麻烦事第07册M07-65 medicine 药第07册M07-66 toothache 牙疼第07册M07-67 fever 发烧第08册M01-1 machine 机器第08册M01-2 sir 先生第08册M01-3 potato 土豆第08册M01-4 glasses 眼镜第08册M01-5 anything 任何东西第08册M01-6 wait 等待第08册M01-7 duck 鸭子第08册M01-8 grass 草地第08册M01-9 silence 安静第08册M02-10 difficult 困难的第08册M02-11 choose 选择第08册M02-12 expensive 昂贵的第08册M02-13 perfect 完美的第08册M02-14 cheap 便宜的第08册M02-15 cost 价值为第08册M02-16 thousand 千第08册M03-17 shout 呼喊第08册M03-18 wolf 狼小学新标准英语第1-12册单词表(一年级起点)（课本顺序）7 / 9第08册 M03-19 once upon a time 从前 第08册 M03-20 look after 照看 第08册 M03-21 sheep 绵羊 第08册 M03-22 bored 无聊的 第08册 M03-23 village 村庄 第08册 M03-24 everyone 每个人 第08册 M03-25 field 田地，牧场 第08册 M03-26 laugh 笑 第08册 M03-27 lie 谎话，谎言 第08册 M03-28 into 到…里 第08册 M04-29 concert 音乐会 第08册 M04-30 chinese 中国的 第08册 M04-31 CD 激光唱盘 第08册 M04-32 nervous 紧张的 第08册 M04-33 before 在…之前 第08册 M04-34 end 结束 第08册 M04-35 clap 鼓掌第08册 M04-36 proud 自豪的 第08册 M04-37 when 什么时候 第08册 M05-38 happen 发生第08册 M05-39 Mother's Day 母亲节 第08册 M05-40 surprise 出乎意料的 第08册 M05-41 message 消息，祝词 第08册 M05-42 special 特殊的 第08册 M06-43 report 报导 第08册 M06-44 stick 粘贴第08册 M06-45 fantastic 极好的 第08册 M06-46 meet 见面，集合 第08册 M07-47 space 太空 第08册 M07-48 sun 太阳 第08册 M07-49 planet 行星 第08册 M07-50 ring 环，环形物 第08册 M07-51 moon 月亮 第08册 M07-52 night 夜晚 第08册 M07-53 banana 香蕉 第08册 M07-54 at all 根本 第08册 M08-55 east 东方 第08册 M08-56 west 西方 第08册 M08-57 country 国家 第08册 M08-58 America 美国 第08册 M08-59 cousin 堂兄弟 第08册 M08-60 capital 首都 第08册 M08-61 Canada 加拿大 第08册 M08-62 north 北方 第08册 M08-63 south 南方 第08册 M09-64 Australia 澳大利亚第08册 M09-65because 因为 第08册 M09-66 map 地图 第08册 M09-67 language 语言 第08册 M09-68 back 后面的第08册 M09-69 leaves 树叶（复数） 第08册 M10-70 send 寄第08册 M10-71 postcard 明信片 第08册 M10-72 granddad 祖父 第08册 M10-73 restaurant 餐馆 第08册 M10-74 much 许多的，非常 第09册 M01-1 year 年第09册 M01-2 before 以前 第09册 M01-3 duck 鸭子第09册 M01-4 playground 操场 第09册 M02-5 heavy 重的 第09册 M02-6 lift 提，抬 第09册 M02-7 sell 卖出价 第09册 M02-8 country 国家 第09册 M02-9 sometimes 有时 第09册 M02-10 restaurant 饭馆 第09册 M03-11 night 夜晚 第09册 M03-12 why 为什么 第09册 M04-13 invitation 请柬 第09册 M04-14 reply 回复 第09册 M05-15 mine 我的 第09册 M05-16 yours 你（们）的 第09册 M05-17 hers 她的 第09册 M05-18 his 他的第09册 M05-19 both （两者）都 第09册 M05-20 whose 谁的 第09册 M05-21 skirt 短裙 第09册 M05-22 laugh 笑 第09册 M06-23 well 好的 第09册 M06-24 true 真实的 第09册 M06-25 point 分 第09册 M06-26 team 队 第09册 M06-27 thirty--six 三十六 第09册 M07-28 blind 盲的 第09册 M07-29 special 特别的 第09册 M07-30 hear 听见 第09册 M07-31 fire 火第09册 M07-32 inside 在…里面 第09册 M07-33 safe 安全的 第09册 M08-34 line 排列第09册 M08-35 morning exercise （复）早操 第09册 M08-36miss 想念第09册M08-37 break 休息第09册M08-38 study 学习第09册M09-39 bored 无聊的第09册M09-40 nothing 没什么第09册M09-41 water 水第09册Ml0-42 should 应该第09册Ml0-43 rule 规则第09册Ml0-44 kind 友善的第10册M01-1 drove （drive的过去式）驾驶第10册M01-2 flute 笛子第10册M01-3 player 演奏者第10册M01-4 office 办公室第10册M01-5 parent 父亲；母亲第10册M02-6 email 电子邮件第10册M02-7 sausage 香肠第10册M02-8 sandwich 三明治第10册M02-9 delicious 美味的第10册M03-10 return 归还第10册M03-11 borrow 借入，借来第10册M04-12 fine （身体）很好第10册M04-13 sent （send的过去式）寄第10册M04-14 get 收到，接到第10册M04-15 chocolate 巧克力糖第10册M04-16 season 季节第10册M05-17 broken 损坏的，折断的第10册M05-18 carry 提，背，抱第10册M05-19 back 背部第10册M05-20 shoulder 肩膀；肩部第10册M05-21 brown 棕色的；褐色第10册M05-22 hand 手第10册M06-23 place 地方第10册M06-24 circle 圆，圆圈第10册M06-25 build 建造第10册M06-26 solve 解答，解释第10册M06-27 hope 希望第10册M06-28 amazing 令人惊讶的第10册M06-29 thought （think的过去式）第10册M07-30 message 信息第10册M07-31 another 另一个第10册M07-32 click on 发出咔嗒声;点击第10册M07-33 busy 忙碌的第10册M08-34 of course 当然第10册M08-35 drew （draw的过去式）画第10册M08-36 piece 张、片、块第10册M08-37 paper 纸第10册M08-38 scissors 剪刀（复数）第10册M09-39 theatre 剧院第10册M09-40 question 问题在于第10册M09-41 men （man的复数形式）男人第10册M09-42 women （woman的复数形式）女人第10册M09-43 room 房间第10册M09-44 history 历史第10册M10-45 ticket 票第10册M10-46 toothbrush 牙刷第10册M10-47 leave 离开，动身第10册M10-48 building 建筑物第11册M01-1 thousand 一千，一千个第11册M01-2 kilometre 公里第11册M01-3 might 可能，可以第11册M01-4 million 百万，百万个第11册M01-5 place 地方，地点第11册M01-6 building 建筑物，大楼第11册M02-7 surprise 惊奇第11册M02-8 everywhere 各处，到处第11册M02-9 restaurant 饭馆第11册M02-10 different 不同的第11册M02-11 dancing 舞蹈第11册M02-12 weekend 周末第11册M03-13 stamp 邮票第11册M03-14 album 集邮册第11册M03-15 collect 收集第11册M03-16 America 美国第11册M03-17 Canada 加拿大第11册M03-18 coconut 椰子第11册M04-19 special 特殊的，特别的第11册M04-20 hear 听到，听见第11册M04-21 nearly 几乎，接近，差不多第11册M04-22 present 礼物第11册M04-23 together 一起第11册M05-24 pleased 高兴的，满足的第11册M05-25 address 地址第11册M05-26 pen pal 笔友第11册M05-27 pretty 漂亮的第11册M05-28 foreign 外国的第11册M06-29 chopsticks （复）筷子第11册M06-30 difficult 困难的第11册M06-31 city 城市第11册M06-32 answer 回答第11册M06-33 finish 完成，结束第11册M07-34 CD-ROM 电脑光盘第11册M07-35 bamboo 竹子第11册M07-36 copy 模仿第11册M07-37 child 孩子第11册M07-38 awake 醒的第11册M08-39 tidy 整理，收拾第11册M08-40 often 常常，经常小学新标准英语第1-12册单词表(一年级起点)（课本顺序）9 / 9第11册 M08-41 bookshelf 书架 第11册 M08-42 choose 选择 第11册 M08-43 week 星期，周 第11册 M09-44 peace 和平 第11册 M09-45 world 世界 第11册 M09-46 kangaroo 袋鼠 第11册 M10-47 thirsty 口渴的 第11册 M10-48 bring 拿来，带来 第11册 M10-49 way 方式，方法 第11册 M10-50 line 排，列 第12册 M01-1 hot dog 热狗 第12册 M01-2 waitress 女服务生 第12册 M01-3 cola 可乐 第12册 M01-4 dollar 美元 第12册 M01-5 cent 美分 第12册 M01-6 enjoy 享受，欣赏 第12册 M02-7 aound 在…周围 第12册 M02-8 duck 鸭子 第12册 M02-9 soon 不久，快 第12册 M02-10 dry 干的第12册 M02-11 naughty 顽皮的，淘气的 第12册 M02-12 funny 有趣的，好笑的 第12册 M02-13 quickly 很快地 第12册 M02-14 wet 湿的第12册 M02-15 angry 生气的，愤怒的 第12册 M02-16 shine 发光 第12册 M04-17 carry （用手、肩等）提，搬 第12册 M04-18 supermarket 超市 第12册 M04-19 party 聚会 第12册 M04-20 hold 拿着第12册 M04-21 fall 落下，跌落 第12册 M04-22 later 稍后，随后 第12册 M04-23 away 在远处，到远处 第12册 M04-24 stairs （常复）楼梯 第12册 M04-25 heavy 重的 第12册 M05-26 clap 鼓掌 第12册 M05-27 arrive 到达 第12册 M06-28 space 太空 第12册 M06-29 travel 旅行 第12册 M06-30 interested 感兴趣的 第12册 M06-31 spaceship 宇宙飞船 第12册 M06-32 model 模型 第12册 M07-33 spend 度过第12册 M07-34 excited 激动的，兴奋的 第12册 M07-35 video 录像 第12册 M07-36 proud 自豪的第12册 M07-37someday 将来某一天 第12册 M08-38 blind 瞎的 第12册 M08-39 deaf 聋的第12册 M09-40 matter 麻烦事 第12册 M09-41 baseball 棒球 第12册 M09-42 team 队 第12册 M09-43 mistake 错误 第12册 M09-44 scared 恐惧的 第12册 M10-45 middle school 中学 第12册 M10-46 really 真正地 第12册 M10-47 study 学习 第12册 M10-48 geography 地理 第12册 M10-49 useful 有用的 第12册 M10-50 student 学生。

收稿日期:2020-03-05 修回日期:2020-07-08基金项目:四川省重大科技专项项目(2018GZDZX 0046);自贡市科技计划重点项目(2019YYJC 03)作者简介:梁元辉(1987-),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向为深度学习的应用㊁模糊数学的应用等㊂基于多特征融合的眼睛状态检测算法研究梁元辉1,2,吴清乐1,2,曹立佳1,2(1.四川轻化工大学自动化与信息工程学院,四川宜宾644005;2.四川轻化工大学人工智能四川省重点实验室,四川宜宾644005)摘　要:疲劳驾驶检测算法研究对提升交通安全有着重要的意义㊂目前,已有大量关于疲劳驾驶的文献和成果㊂在疲劳驾驶检测算法中,眼睛开闭状态的判断起着至关重要的作用㊂深度级联卷积神经网络用来检测人脸和人脸特征,利用Dlib 工具快速提取驾驶员人脸特征㊂基于眼睛特征计算眼睛宽高比,并将眼睛宽高比㊁传统人眼特征的人眼虹膜等用于判断眼睛开闭的参数㊂该文提出一种实时地融合了EAR㊁虹膜等多个特征的眼睛状态检测算法,可补偿传统人眼特征的像素值比较敏感的不足,也补偿了EAR 在人脸倾斜㊁戴眼镜㊁光照变换㊁眼睛周围有光斑等情况下非常不可靠的不足㊂在640*480分辨率,帧率30fps 的视频上获得平均92%的检测正确率㊂实验结果表明融合后的算法可在光照变换㊁人脸倾斜㊁佩戴眼镜等条件下提升检测性能,鲁棒性较高㊂关键词:眼睛状态监测;疲劳驾驶;多特征融合;PERCLOS;EAR中图分类号:TP391 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-629X (2021)02-0097-04doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-629X.2021.02.018Research on Eye State Detection Algorithm Based onMulti -feature FusionLIANG Yuan -hui 1,2,WU Qing -le 1,2,CAO Li -jia 1,2(1.School of Automation and Information Engineering ,Sichuan University of Science &Engineering ,Yibin 644005,China ;2.Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence of Sichuan ,Sichuan University of Science &Engineering ,Yibin 644005,China )Abstract :The research about driving drowsiness detection algorithm is of great significance to improve traffic safety.Presently ,there are many literatures and achievements about driving drowsiness.In driving drowsiness detection algorithm ,the judgment of eye state plays an important role.A deep cascaded convolutional neural network to detect faces and face features ,and Dlib tool to quickly extract drivers ’face features.Eye aspect ratio (EAR )and pupil are used to detect eye stature.We propose a real -time eye state detection algorithm that integrates EAR ,pupil and other features ,which can compensate for the lack of relatively sensitive pixel value of traditional human eye features and compensate for the unreliability of EAR in face tilt ,glasses wearing ,light transformation ,light spots around the eyes and other situations.The average detection accuracy is 92%in 640*480resolution and 30fps video.The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm can improve the detection accuracy especially in light transformation ,face tilt ,glasses wearing ,etc.,with high robust⁃ness.Key words :eye state detection ;drowsing driving ;multi -feature fusion ;PERCLOS ;EAR0　引　言随着车辆急剧增多,交通事故严重威胁着人们的生命和财产安全㊂根据世界健康组织的报告,交通事故是损害人生命的十大原因之一[1]㊂为了减少疲劳驾驶所导致的交通安全问题,对疲劳驾驶自动检测的研究具有重要意义㊂基于人脸显著特征检测的算法可直观地定位眼睛所在的位置,然后利用积分投影㊁眼睛角点㊁眼帘曲率㊁上下眼帘高度等方法判断眼睛的状态[2-6],但这些方法在光照不均㊁人脸倾斜㊁佩戴眼镜㊁驾驶员改变等环境中效果较差㊂You 等人[7]提出的眼睛宽高比(eye aspect ratio ,EAR )[8]结合PERCLOSE [9]方法来判断驾驶员是否疲劳,该方法在降低检测时间第31卷　第2期2021年2月 计算机技术与发展COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.31　No.2Feb.　2021的同时取得了较高的准确率㊂该算法考虑了个体差异但只有EAR作为判断依据,在光照变换㊁人脸倾斜㊁佩戴眼镜等条件下检测效果较差,具有很大的局限性㊂周云鹏等人[10-12]利用面部的多个特征融合检测驾驶员是否疲劳驾驶㊂周涛等人[13-15]利用人眼状态检测驾驶员是否疲劳驾驶㊂在上述研究的基础上,该文对驾驶员的眼睛状态检测方法进行改进,算法融合了人眼张开角度㊁EAR 以及人眼虹膜等多个特征进行人眼开闭的判断㊂1　人眼特征提取1.1　人脸检测及眼睛定位Dlib是一个开源的工具箱,包括了机器学习模块㊁深度学习模块㊁图像处理模块等[9]㊂它常被用来解决工业和学术界实际难题,用它开发的复杂算法在机器人开发㊁嵌入设备㊁手机和大型高级性能计算环境频繁使用㊂级联姿势回归(cascaded pose regression,CPR)算法常被用于估计检测物体的姿态,该工具箱通过CPR[16]算法以及标记的人脸68个特征点的回归器获取驾驶员的人脸特征,通过眼睛的状态检测判断驾驶员是否疲劳㊂如图1所示,该文采用了Dlib中人脸检测和人脸68个特征点模型检测视频中的人脸,并返回人脸特征点坐标㊁人脸框及人脸角度等㊂图1　人脸检测及特征点1.2　EAR在1.1节中获取了人脸的特征点,对于每个眼睛都有6个对应的特征点,两个眼角的特征点,以及分布在上下眼帘上的4个特征点㊂这些特征点确定了眼睛在图像中的具体位置㊂EAR[8]在文献[8]中被用来检测眼睛眨眼的频率㊂EAR值可通过图2中的6个点来计算,计算公式如下:EAR=‖P37-P41‖+‖P38-P40‖2‖P36-P39‖(1)如图2给出了眼睛的EAR值,其中(a)眼睛张开的6个特征点;(b)眼睛关闭的6个特征点;(c)不同眼睛大小的驾驶员眼睛开闭的EAR曲线㊂由图2可以看出,眼睛的张开和关闭所对应的EAR的值差别比较大㊂因而EAR值是一个可靠的评价眼睛开闭的参数㊂0.400.350.300.250.200.150.100.05(a)(b)图2　EAR根据驾驶员驾驶中的情形设定四种场景,分别是正常状态㊁人脸倾斜状态㊁戴眼镜状态㊁光照不均状态㊂根据经验设定EAR的阈值为0.3㊂每种场景判断眼睛开闭的结果和实际眼睛开闭的结果比较,结果一致则设定标签为0,结果不一致则设定标签为1,图3给出了四种场景下的EAR数据和实际眼睛状态的比较结果,横坐标为每个场景视频的帧数,纵坐标为比较的结果㊂除了正常状态下EAR可以用来检测眼睛开闭状态外,其他三种情况如果只用EAR对眼睛开闭状态图3　各种场景的EAR和实际眼睛状态比较㊃89㊃ 计算机技术与发展 第31卷进行判断,判断结果错误较多,因而在这些场景中EAR 是不可靠的,需要借助其他方法进行辅助才能更好地判断㊂经过反复的测试发现EAR 在人脸倾斜㊁戴眼镜㊁光照变换㊁眼睛周围有光斑等情况下非常不可靠㊂1.3　眼角张开角度参考1.2节CPR 获取的特征点,取出眼睛的6个特征点,然后选取其中3个角点(P 36㊁P 37㊁P 41)计算眼角的张开角度,两只眼睛的张开角度取其平均,该平均值作为眼睛状态检测算法的特征参数㊂眼睛张开角度计算公式如下:ANGLE =2arcsin(‖P 37-P 41‖2‖P 36-P 37‖)(2)1.4　人眼虹膜通过1.2节CPR 获取的特征点,取出眼睛的6个特征点,计算这些点的外接矩并将外接矩的坐标映射到原始图像中即可得到包括眼睛的感兴趣图像,如图4所示㊂人脸虹膜检测算法详细步骤描述如下:首先对原始眼睛图像做图像增强处理平滑噪声,然后通过自适应二值化操作获取虹膜的二值图像,再次对二值图像进行开闭操作以及孔洞填充,最后对二值图像的白色虹膜区块做椭圆拟合处理㊂椭圆的长轴和短轴范围不应超过眼睛左右角点之间的距离以及上下眼帘的距离㊂Tolba 等人在文献[11]中也提出了关于虹膜检测作为眼睛状态判断的算法㊂人眼虹膜也可作为人脸倾斜㊁戴眼镜㊁光照变换㊁眼睛周围有光斑等情况下EAR 不足的补充㊂图4　人脸虹膜检测流程图5给出了虹膜的检测图像㊂　(a )裁剪的眼睛图像 (b )dlib眼睛黑白图　(c )虹膜灰度图　(d )虹膜二值图像　(e )椭圆拟合的眼睛图像图5　人脸虹膜检测2　基于多特征融合的人眼状态判断参考1.2节数据分析,使用EAR 算法进行眼睛状态判断时,在倾斜㊁戴眼镜㊁晚上欠光照样本中效果较差㊂而在复杂的环境中像素值比较敏感,鲁棒性差,导致人眼虹膜椭圆拟合算法性能较差㊂该文提出基于EAR ㊁人眼虹膜相融合的人眼状态判断算法,图6给出了融合算法方案流程㊂首先通过视频流分别计算人眼EAR 和虹膜椭圆拟合;其次,设定EAR 的阈值和椭圆长短轴的阈值,EAR 超过阈值设定标签Eflag 为1,否则设定标签Eflag 为0;椭圆长短轴同时小于阈值,设定标签Pflag 为0,否则设定标签Pflag 为1;再次,判断Eflag 和Pflag 的值是否一致,如果是,则输出结果为EAR 或者人眼虹膜的结果,否则进行下一次判断㊂最后判断EAR 和其阈值之差的绝对值是否大于ε,ε的值根据样本和EAR 阈值来确定㊂如果大于则输出EAR 的判断结果,否则输出虹膜的检测结果㊂将提出的多特征融合算法简称为EP 算法,该算法结合了EAR 算法㊁眼睛虹膜算法在检测眼睛状态时的优势,并且在检测到的EAR 值与阈值比较接近时,利用眼睛虹膜的检测结果来进行辅助判断㊂图6　EAR 和人眼虹膜融合㊃99㊃　第2期 梁元辉等:基于多特征融合的眼睛状态检测算法研究3　实验结果分析为了验证文中算法的有效性,对EP算法(提出的融合方案)㊁EAR算法㊁眼睛张开角度算法㊁虹膜算法进行了比较㊂测试视频为正常㊁夜晚㊁倾斜㊁戴眼镜睁闭眼视频,视频流分辨率为640*480㊁帧率为30fps㊂实验设定EAR的硬阈值为0.3,ε=0.05㊂从表1可以看出,该文所提的方法在正常视频㊁倾斜视频㊁戴眼镜视频中比单纯EAR的方法眼睛开闭状态检测效果较好;在正常视频中和人眼虹膜检测算法相当,但倾斜视频㊁戴眼镜视频㊁晚上视频中比单纯人眼虹膜的方法眼睛开闭状态检测效果较好㊂综上比较,该方法获得检测视频的平均正确率为92%,和EAR㊁人眼虹膜㊁眼角相比明显提高了检测正确率,可以为疲劳驾驶检测提供更可靠的参考㊂表1　实验结果 正常视频 倾斜视频 戴眼镜视频 晚上视频 平均方法正确率错误率误判数数量正确率错误率误判数数量正确率错误率误判数数量正确率错误率误判数数量正确率文中方法0.920.08303990.910.09192230.850.15795200.980.0243870.92 EAR[8]0.880.12483990.850.15342230.810.19915200.990.0123870.88人眼虹膜[11]0.920.08303990.890.11232230.750.251295200.930.07213870.87眼角0.910.09323990.870.13302230.660.34725200.990.0123870.864　结束语针对疲劳驾驶中的眼睛状态判断,提出了一种融合了EAR㊁人脸虹膜等多个特征的算法(EP算法)进行眼睛开闭状态判断,EP算法综合了EAR㊁眼睛虹膜在眼睛状态检测时的优势㊂结果表明,该方法可以有效提高眼睛开闭检测的准确率并且能满足实时检测的要求,但算法在晚上弱光照条件下的性能需要进一步提高以增强算法在夜晚的适应能力㊂参考文献:[1]　AMODIO A,ERMIDORO M,MAGGI D,et al.Automaticdetection of driver impairment based on pupillary light reflex[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation 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[10]周云鹏.基于面部视觉多特征融合的驾驶员疲劳检测方法研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2015.[11]李　阳.基于多特征融合的面部表情识别方法研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2017.[12]ZHAO Li,LI Nianqiang.Fatigue driving detection systembased on face feature[C]//International conference on elec⁃tronics technology.[s.l.]:[s.n.],2019:525-529. [13]周　涛.基于人眼状态的驾驶疲劳检测系统研究[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2012.[14]曹　永.驾驶员眼睛开闭状态计算机图像识别技术开发[D].青岛:青岛大学,2011.[15]刘　军.复杂环境下驾驶员眼睛定位及眼睛状态识别算法研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.[16]DOLLAR P,WELINDER P,PERONA P.Cascaded pose re⁃gression[J].IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recogni⁃tion,2010,10:1078-1085.㊃001㊃ 计算机技术与发展 第31卷。

Optimization Analysis of Structural Design Based onCivil EngineeringWenqian ZHANGTaiShan UniversityAbstract: In recent years, affected by China’s urbanization, the scope of civil engineering constructionis constantly expanding. In order to comprehensively improve the quality of civil engineering construc-tion, before the construction activities are carried out, it is necessary to do a good job in the design ofcivil engineering building structure to ensure that the project can be comprehensively promoted, and thebasic load of the project is controlled in the construction. In order to ensure the overall improvement ofcivil engineering structural design efficiency, the optimization method should be worked out accordingto the project construction.Keywords: Civil engineering; Structural design; Optimization measuresDOI: 10.47297/taposatWSP2633-456905.20200106All Rights Reserved.1. Analysis of the Problems Existing in the Structural Design of Civil En-gineering Buildings(1) The important role of drawings in engineering projects has not been fully recognized.At present, in the construction process of civil engineering projects, it is very important to doa good job in drawing design. In the complete construction process, if the perfect constructiondrawings are not drawn up, it will have a great impact on the construction progress and reduce theconstruction quality of the project. From the current construction status of some civil engineeringprojects, some construction units do not pay attention to the drawing design, and fail to correctlyunderstand the important role of drawings for engineering construction. During the constructionprocess, it is difficult to check the construction drawings according to the actual situation. In thedesign process, there are many designers whose comprehensive quality needs to be improved andlack of work experience, which leads to many problems in the design. If the problems can not bedeveloped in time, the construction progress of the project will be affected, and the guiding valueof the drawing design will also be lost.(2) there are many design defects in the structural design of the building.In the design process, affected by the comprehensive quality of the designers, many details can not be fully integrated. In addition, it is difficult to coordinate the development of many partsof the building structure with the construction environment. As a result, the integrity of structuralAbout the author: Wenqian ZHANG (1986-02), female, Han nationality. Taian City, Shandong Province,master’s degree, lecturer, civil engineering structure.Theory and Practice of Science and Technologydesign needs to be strengthened, and a number of resources should be rationally utilized to im-prove the safety of building structure and it is necessary to analyze the actual situation of differentjoints in the building structure. However, due to the designer’s failure to control from the whole, anumber of deviation problems are prominent, which has a great impact on the overall stability ofthe building structure. When different design schemes are fully established, the design schemescan not be optimized and adjusted according to the project construction requirements, resulting inmany problems in the actual implementation.(3) the design technology is not selected according to the construction status.In the construction process, the construction site selection is very important. The complete design of building structure drawings will lead to different degrees of problems in the constructionprocess. At present, most construction departments can fully realize the important role of projectsite selection. However, due to the lack of communication between relevant technology and tech-nical personnel, the design technology is not selected according to the construction status.2. Principle Analysis of Optimization Technology in DesignFirst of all, engineers should start from the design concept, and have a deeper understanding of the service life of civil engineering. Perhaps because of the development of economy, design-er’s ideas have also changed, slowly from the original only to meet the load strength of the designconcept, to not only to meet the load, but also to extend its life. Therefore, the service life of civil All Rights Reserved.engineering structure is required to be the same in the world. Designers must think more deeplyabout the service life of civil engineering structure, and take corresponding means to study it. Ac-cording to the previous experience, it is easy to determine the service life of civil engineeringstructure, but there is no guarantee basis, so someone must do a lot of simulation experiments tofurther verify. For civil structural engineering, it is not only to determine the service life, but alsoto consider how to plan and operate the design scheme of civil engineering in the constructionprocess. This has an impact on its life.For civil engineering structure, when it is used, it will certainly be affected by various aspects, such as the external environment, some harmful chemical substances, or natural disasters (earth-quake, storm, flood, etc.), as well as various kinds of safety accidents such as man-made disastersthat people do not pay attention to. The various materials used in civil engineering structure cannot automatically lose their own performance, but over time, other parts of the structure may bedamaged. Moreover, according to the previous data, the factors that affect the durability are notonly construction and materials. If the design is not good enough, it will have a great impact onthe durability, and may play a decisive role.3. Optimization Method in Civil Structure(1) mathematical programming methodFor architectural physics, the object must meet the requirements of the force in order to meet the actual situation, if the design of architectural drawings do not meet the force requirements,then the building can not meet the requirements of the owners, and even may collapse. And theOptimization Analysis of Structural Design Based on Civil Engineering mathematical programming method is to start from the force, further strengthen the rigor of civilengineering structure engineering safety, is now a commonly used new means. If designers caneffectively use the mathematical programming method, they can calculate an optimal number,more easily solve the problem of load and stability, and make the civil structure design more sci-entific.(2) optimization criterion methodThe optimization criterion method is a method which takes the civil structure itself as the breakthrough point, and it often needs to meet a lot of requirements in the optimization design.This method takes a long time. Because it needs a lot of experience and practice, or to search theexperience left by predecessors, and then combined with the current development concept to op-timize the design. In this way, this method is more easily understood and accepted by people, butit is not perfect. Its application scope is relatively small, and there is a feeling of being tied up.Because its principle has been fixed and can not be changed, it also controls the original structure.4. Improve the Optimization Design of Civil Engineering Building Struc-tureThe personnel involved in civil engineering must provide a very rigorous observability, sci-entificity and profitability of the whole design project to a great extent. Therefore, in training pro-cess, more emphasis should be placed on whether learners’ professional level is up to standard, so All Rights Reserved.as to enhance their professional quality, which is also the actual effect of absorbing higher-levelabilities, so that it can not be replaced by others. Therefore, it can be seen that the training mecha-nism is essential for the professionals engaged in this field. It is not only to improve their personalideological level, but also to attach great importance to their preciseness and predictability, so asto respect and guard their posts.5. Optimization and Promotion Strategy of Civil Engineering BuildingStructure Design(1) optimization of building structure designEngineers should consider a lot of problems when building a building. The quality of the building is the first issue to be considered. The quality is the concern of everyone. The construc-tion enterprise is concerned about the profit as well as the quality. The enterprise will care aboutthe cost of building construction, but the enterprise should put the quality of the building in thefirst place, and then reduce the cost To their own acceptable range, at the same time, the enterpriseshould establish a county government department to estimate the cost, so that enterprises can havea general understanding of the profits of their own buildings, and at the same time learn to carryout optimization design for buildings. This can save enterprises a lot of costs, but the quality ofbuildings will not change.(2) strengthen the communication among all units of construction projectBuilding construction is not an independent task, which includes the common role of many departments. Before construction, construction enterprises should communicate more than rele-Theory and Practice of Science and Technologyvant enterprises, so as to avoid problems during construction, so as to shorten the constructiontime and save a lot of time and cost. At the same time, the enterprise should communicate wellwith the local relevant departments The geological conditions of the construction site are clearlyunderstood. Only in this way can the construction be better carried out and the construction quali-ty can be guaranteed.6. Analysis of Optimization Methods for the Use of Common ProblemsWhen optimization technology is applied to civil engineering, engineers should fully consid-er various factors, especially the optimization of details, which determines the success or failure.Therefore, the following measures can be adopted in the optimization design: the first is to in-crease the width of anti-seismic joint within the allowable range when designing anti-seismic joint,so as to prevent great loss caused by anti-seismic joint in case of earthquake. In the second point,when designing the cantilever beam, its section width must be accurately calculated without anyerror, and its stress condition should be reduced to the minimum, so as to increase its bearing ca-pacity as much as possible, which is to avoid the cantilever beam being compressed and deformedwhen receiving gravity. The third point is to pay more attention to the design optimization of con-tinuous ring beam. It should not only be different from single beam, but also scientifically andreasonably plan the beam support reinforcement, so that it can have a strong support capacity. Thefourth point is that in the optimization design, we should not only consider its practicability, butalso consider its beauty. Today’s people not only pursue safety and comfort, but also to be able to All Rights Reserved.enjoy the eyes, so as to be happy. After all, it is to follow the taste of modern people to adjust, or itmay lose interests. This is also the requirement of optimization design, because we want to followthe pace of the world, so we have to make corresponding changes, which increases the difficultyfor designers.7. ConclusionTo sum up, through the analysis of various aspects of civil engineering, there are not only external factors, but also many internal factors affecting the implementation and safety of the pro-ject. Therefore, before the construction, the personnel in charge of the project must explore fromall aspects, consider all the influencing factors completely, and formulate scientific and reasonablesolutions according to the data. As far as possible to achieve the whole project is included in thecontrol and management of the new technology concept. Designers in the design of the scheme, toeffectively use the optimization technology to achieve their own scheme to a perfect level, so thatthe construction can be simple and easy to operate, will not waste more manpower, will not delaytime. If all departments meet the requirements, then the whole civil engineering structure project,whether in terms of management or real implementation, is an impeccable success.Optimization Analysis of Structural Design Based on Civil EngineeringWorks Cited[1] F anshuo Z . “Optimization analysis on the architectural structure design of civil engineering”[J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2018.[2] Y ang S , Zhang G , Niu G , et al. “Optimization design of torsion beam structure of car basedon fatigue life analysis” [J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, 1601(5):052046(6pp).[3] A nsari S , Fallah N , Tashakori J . “Optimal reliability design of pure friction isolators usingasymptotic sampling”[J]. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019.[4] R ather S A , Bala P S . Analysis of Gravitation-Based Optimization Algorithms for Clusteringand Classification[M]// Handbook of Research on Big Data Clustering and Machine Learning.2019.All Rights Reserved.。

S M A L L T O O L I NS T R U M E N T S A N D D A T A M A N A G E M E N T®U-WAVE®The U-WAVE system enables easy wireless data communication from a measuring tool to a PC using the Digimatic protocol. Measurement efficiency is improved by eliminating the long and cumbersome data cables. The user-friendly interface allows data to be loaded into any software product that acceptskeyboard input, such as Excel* or Notepad.U-WAVE-RU-WAVE-TThe U-WAVEPAK, U-WAVE-R standard package features akeyboard interface function. This allows measurement data to beeasily entered into in Excel, Notepad or other format that acceptsnumeric value input via a keyboard.In addition, a virtual COM driver allows measurement data to beinput to a program that supports RS-232C serial communication.The communication speed (baud rate) is fixed to 57,600 bps.Note: In accordance with wireless regulations the use of this product is permittedin Japan, Europe (a total of 32 countries including 27 EU members, 4 EFTAmembers and Turkey), U.S.A. and Canada. This product must not be used in other countries or areas.U-WAVE-R loads data receivedfrom U-WAVE-T into a PCsoftware package via a USB portU-WAVE-T units transmitdata from measuring toolsto U-WAVE-RIP67-type U-WAVE-T (No.02AZD730C) has an IP67-level dust/water-proof function. This model can be used in combination with,devices such as a coolant-proof caliper, micrometer or indicator.of Microsoft Corporation.Measurement data canbe entered into a softwarepackageU-WAVE-T■Installation Bracket KitOrder No. 02AZE200(optional)500 SeriesCaliper293 SeriesMicrometer543 SeriesIndicatorWireless Measurement Data Communication SystemOne commercially available CR2032 lithium battery will support about 400,000 data transmissions. Assuming that the device is used 20 days a month, sending data 2,000 times a day, one battery will last for about 10 months.Up to 100 U-WAVE-T units can be registered with one U-WAVE-R unit, and up to 16 U-WAVE-R units can beconnected via a commercially available USB hub.(up to 4 wired channels)(up to 100 wireless channels)ID=00 ID=01 · · · · · · · · · · · · · ID=99can be connected to one The maximum reliable communication range is approximately 60ft*. Even when multiple U-WAVE-R units are used within the range of 60ft, interference does not occur since an ID (00 to 99) is assigned to each unit. Radio interference between U-WAVE-R units can also be avoided by setting different frequencies (selected from 15 bands).*Actual range depends on the local radio transmission characteristics.Different frequencies ensure no radio interferenceMeasurement on surface plateWith a wireless device, the surface plate and PC desk no longer need to be adjacent, allowing flexible layout in the inspection room.Up to 100 tools can transmit to each U-WAVE-R2.405 GHzID=99ID=990099010ID=00ID=ID=00communication range.Cordless operation improves efficiency in2.475 GHzMitutoyo Measuring Tool with Digimatic Output This product can be connected to a measuring tool that provides Digimatic data output. Digimatic output is Mitutoyo's proprietary output format. The Digimatic specifications have remained unchanged since the first Digimatic measuring tool was released. Therefore, any tool having a Digimatic port can be used, regardless of model. Connectors on some older instruments are not compatible with connectors used on the above-listed cables. See cable Super Caliper CD67-S15PM No.02AZD790A QuantuMike MDE-25MJ No.02AZD790BABS Digimatic Caliper CD-15CXNo.02AZD790C U-WAVE-T(Buzzer model)02AZD880D*Buzzer and 1Actual sizeStandard accessory: screwdriverinformation on cable suitability is given on page 7.AFB C DE G Cable length: 6.30" (160 mm)Cable with clip included Order No.02AZD790A 02AZD790B 02AZD790C 02AZD790D 02AZD790E 02AZD790F 02AZD790GU-WAVE-TU-WAVE-Tconnecting cableMeasuring Tool with Digimatic OutputDigimatic Indicator ID-H0530No.02AZD790DExample Digimatic measuring tools pictured with connecting cables. Instrument models/cable product numbers are listed below.Inch/(Metric)to a PC via wireless communication.Quick Micro Digimatic ABS Digimatic When the data input button is pressed, the value displayed on the measuring tool is entered into the active cell of Excel followed by “Enter” key input. The cursor movement direction after input (up, down, left or right) can be set in Excel.Once the U-WAVEPAK data interface has been started, received data is converted into a keyboard input and entered into the active cell.U-WAVE-R main unitUSB 2.0 cable 39.40" (1 m)Standard U-WAVEPAK setup softwareWall installationCommunication distance of approximately 60ft(in a good transmission/reception location)*Detailed information on conformity *Refer to page 6 for specification ofSpecifications of wireless communicationNote: According to the Radio Regulations the use of this product is permitted in the above countries or areas. This product must not be used in other countries orareas.■Name and Dimensions of Each PartUnit: Inch/(mm)U-WAVE-RU-WAVE-T• Digimatic micrometer• Digimatic caliper• Digimatic micrometerSensor Systems Test Equipmentand Seismometers Digital Scale and DRO SystemsSmall Tool Instrumentsand Date ManagementMitutoyo America CorporationOne Number to Serve You Better1-888-MITUTOYO (1-888-648-8869)M3 Solution Centers:Aurora, Illinois (Headquarters)Boston, MassachusettsHuntersville, North CarolinaMason, OhioPlymouth, MichiganCity of Industry, CaliforniaBirmingham, AlabamaRenton, WashingtonHouston, Texas2.5M 0815-08 • Printed in USA • Oct. 2015©215MitutoyoAmericaCorporationFind additional product literatureand our product catalogNote: All inform ation regarding our products, and in particular the illustrations, drawings, dim ensional and perform ancedata contained in this printed matter as well as other technical data are to be regarded as approximate average values. Wetherefore reserve the right to make changes to the corresponding designs. The stated standards, similar technical regulations,descriptions and illustrations of the products were valid at the time of printing. In addition, the latest applicable version of ourGeneral Trading Conditions will apply. Only quotations submitted by ourselves may be regarded as definitive. Specificationsare subject to change without notice.Mitutoyo products are subject to US Export Administration Regulations (EAR). Re-export or relocation of our products mayrequire prior approval by an appropriate governing authority.Trademarks and RegistrationsDesignations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where MitutoyoAm erica Corporation is aware of a claim, the product nam es appear in initial capital or all capital letters. The appropriatecompanies should be contacted for more complete trademark and registration information.。

物料规格：物料编码：物料名称：TT02B 说明书物料尺寸：95*130mm工艺要求：骑马钉 双面印刷 材质要求：封面105g哑粉过哑油 内页80g铜版纸电池容量：320mAh/3.7V充电仓对双耳机充电次数：约3次配对名称：Tempo Wolves Edition 蓝牙版本：5.0电池容量：60mAh/3.7V 通讯距离：大于10米耳机配置参数耳机充电仓配置参数充电时间：约1.5H 充电电压：5.0V播放时间：约4H通话时间：约3H 充电时间：约1.5H 输入电流：5V 50mA 连接状态下，L/R 耳机长触2秒语音助手来电时，L/R 耳机轻触1次接听/挂断 电话连接状态下，L/R 耳机轻触1次播放/暂停 音乐来电时，L/R 耳机长触2秒拒接电话音乐状态下，L/R 耳机轻触2次播放下一曲音乐状态下，L/R 耳机轻触3次播放上一曲充电针耳机指示灯充电触点电量显示屏触控板麦克风LR%Type-C充电端口LR%封面1.已有连接过手机，在手机蓝牙列表中，找到“Tempo Wolves Edition ”，点击进 入设置，选择忽略或取消配对。

2.快速触摸耳机触控板5下，第5下不要松手继续触摸约2秒，耳机恢复出厂后重 新进入配对模式（红白灯交替闪烁），则表示耳机重置成功。

根据消费类电子产品的有关法规以及行业的实际情况，为消费者提供满意的售后服务，特制定以下售后服务条例：一、保修凭证主要包括：保修卡，产品包装盒上的防伪标签以及销售凭证。

二、售后服务范围：2.1 在产品保修期内，凡属于正常使用情况下，由于产品本身质量问题引起的故障， 未经拆修，本公司将负责给予免费维修；2.2 超出保修期产品，需出具保修凭证并支付维修费。

如需订配件，需支付配件费； 订购其他的配件则需把维修的产品寄到我司；经我司专业维修人员检测后维 修并更换配件；2.3 保修凭证一经涂改，保修即时失效。

2.4 产品的保修凭证，请消费者妥善保存，遗失不补。

落实课程计划体现学讲精神优化教学过程提高教学效率集体备课手册——六上英语主备：复备：学校：年月写在前面的话尊敬的老师：您好！为贯彻徐教教研【2013】4号文件“学讲计划”精神，积极有效推进我区课堂教学改革，提高我区小学教学水平和教学质量，根据教育局文件，借鉴先进学校经验，结合我区实际，教研室研究决定：从2014年秋季开始，组织全区小学英语、科学、思品、音乐、体育、美术、健康、信息技术等学科带头人、骨干教师开展电子集体备课。

为了使这种具有实效性的方法能够适应并促进小学课堂教学改革，就复备作进一步要求。

一、关于复备的内容、形式及要求复备时应做到以下五个方面：1.标——标记重点环节、重点问题、主要知识点及有比较性、典型性、易错性等内容，以便教学过程中引起注意。

2．增——增加自己认为必要的教学内容、教学方法，对原教案中过简的环节补充具体说明、注释练习等。

英语新授词要注上音标。

3．改——改正原教案中的一些错误，根据实际修改原教案中不适应本班教学的教法、学法。

4．删一一删除原教案中自己认为不必要的教学内容及环节。

5．调——根据需要调换教学内容及教学环节的呈现形式，调整原教案中过程设计的先后顺序。

以上备课要求中我们应强调对原教案的“增”、“改”与“调”，淡化“标”与“删”，着重个人复备过程中思考的深度，以避免拿来就用、大面积的“标”下划线。

二、关于“复备栏”的使用复备栏（眉记）中的复备主要包括教学内容的增补、对原教案增删修改的分析说明、预见性意见及对策、对原教案中的教法、学法分析说明等。

复备时注意与原教案中的修改标记相对应。

复备需高度重视对教学过程及内容的修改、调整与补充。

另外，原教案的字里行间空白之处都可以作为复备的空间，不必拘泥于形式的要求。

三、关于“教后笔记”的撰写学期教后笔记次数不少于总课数的三分之一。

教后笔记既要写出教学法、教学效果的总结、教学信息的反馈，更要体现对教法、学法等理性的分析。

四、关于对“复备”的培训、督查与监控。

赠人玫瑰手有余香的英语作文初中全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Fragrance Lingers After Gifting RosesI'll never forget the day I decided to gift roses to someone special. It was a sunny spring afternoon, and I was out running errands with my mom. As we strolled past a flower shop, the vibrant red roses in the window display caught my eye. I stopped in my tracks, mesmerized by their velvety petals and intoxicating aroma.In that moment, I knew I had to get those roses for my grandma. She had recently been going through a tough time after my grandpa passed away. I wanted to do something to cheer her up and let her know how much I cared. What better way than with beautiful, fragrant flowers?I excitedly dragged my mom into the shop and picked out the most perfect dozen red roses I could find. As we paid and left clutching the bouquet, I could hardly wait to see the look on Grandma's face when I surprised her with them.When we arrived at her little house, I rang the doorbell, bouquet in hand and heart racing with anticipation. Grandma opened the door with a warm smile that faltered for just a moment as she registered the stunning roses. Then her face lit up with pure joy."Oh sweetheart, they're beautiful! You shouldn't have," she exclaimed as I handed them to her. She buried her nose in the velvety petals and inhaled deeply, her eyes fluttering closed in bliss. "Mmmm, that heavenly scent! Thank you so much, dear."I beamed, thrilled that my simple gift had made such an impact. Grandma ushered us inside, found a pretty vase for the roses, and set them as the centerpiece on her dining room table where they could be admired.Over glasses of lemonade, we visited and caught up. But I noticed Grandma kept stealing glances at the roses, as if she could hardly believe they were really there. Every time she looked at them, her face softened into an expression of pure contentment and peace.In that moment, it struck me how powerful a simple gesture like giving flowers can be. Those ruby red roses weren't just bright pops of color to liven up a room. They symbolized love,appreciation, and caring. Their heavenly scent and beauty soothed the soul in a way little else could.篇2The Beauty of Kindness: An Essay on the Proverb "Giving Roses, Your Hands Retain the Fragrance"They say that when you give someone a rose, the sweet fragrance lingers on your hands even after the flower has left your grasp. This proverb, "赠人玫瑰手有余香" in Chinese, holds much wisdom and conveys a beautiful message about the nature of kindness.As a middle school student, I must admit that understanding the depth of this proverb was not something that came naturally to me at first. Like many of my peers, I was focused on grades, extracurricular activities, and trying to figure out my place in the whirlwind of adolescence. However, the more I reflected on the meaning behind this saying, the more it resonated with me.The rose, with its vibrant petals and intoxicating aroma, is a universal symbol of beauty and love. To gift someone a rose is to offer them a piece of that beauty, a token of affection and care. But what the proverb highlights is that the act of giving itself carries its own charm and reward.Think about it – when you present a rose to someone, whether it's a loved one, a friend, or even a stranger, you do so with intention and sincerity. In that moment, your heart is filled with warmth and your mind is focused on bringing a smile to the recipient's face. It's a simple gesture, but one that carries profound meaning and emotion.And even after the rose has changed hands, you are left with a lingering sensation – the delicate fragrance that clings to your fingers, a subtle reminder of the kindness you have shown. It's as if the universe is whispering in your ear, "Well done, you have spread a little more beauty in the world today."This idea of kindness leaving an indelible mark, even when the act itself has passed, is a powerful one. It speaks to the ripple effect that our actions can have, the way a single act of generosity or compassion can touch the lives of others in ways we may never fully comprehend.In our fast-paced, often self-centered world, it's easy to get caught up in our own struggles and forget the impact we can have on those around us. But this proverb reminds us that even the smallest acts of kindness can make a profound difference, and that the rewards of such actions extend far beyond the immediate moment.Think about the times when someone has shown you kindness – whether it was a friend offering a listening ear during a difficult time, a teacher taking the extra time to ensure you understood a concept, or even a stranger holding the door open for you. Those moments, however fleeting, likely left an impression on you, a warmth in your heart that lingered long after the encounter had ended.And just as you cherished those acts of kindness, your own acts of generosity and compassion can have the same effect on others. Like the fragrance of a rose, your kindness can linger in the lives of those you touch, serving as a reminder of the beauty that exists in the world, even in the face of adversity.But perhaps the most powerful aspect of this proverb is the way it encourages us to savor and appreciate the act of giving itself. Too often, we get caught up in the expectations and obligations surrounding gift-giving, turning what should be a joyful expression of care into a burdensome task.This proverb invites us to shift our perspective and focus on the intrinsic rewards of generosity. It's not about the monetary value of the gift or the extravagance of the gesture, but rather the intention behind it and the way it makes both the giver and the receiver feel.When you approach acts of kindness with this mindset, you begin to see them not as obligations, but as opportunities to spread a little more love and beauty in the world. And in doing so, you cultivate a sense of fulfillment and contentment within yourself, a warmth that lingers like the fragrance of a rose long after the petals have faded.As I continue on my journey through middle school and beyond, I hope to carry the wisdom of this proverb with me. I hope to approach each act of kindness with intention and sincerity, savoring the joy of giving and allowing the fragrance of generosity to linger in my life.For at the end of the day, kindness is not a finite resource, but rather a renewable one. The more we give, the more we have to offer. And in a world that can sometimes feel harsh and unforgiving, cultivating that spirit of compassion and generosity is not just a noble endeavor – it's a necessity.So, let us all strive to be like the rose, spreading our beauty and fragrance wherever we go, and leaving behind a trail of kindness that lingers long after we've moved on. For in doing so, we not only make the world a better place, but we also enrich our own lives with the sweetest of fragrances – the essence of love, compassion, and the beauty of the human spirit.篇3Giving Roses Leaves a Lingering Fragrance on the HandsHave you ever received a beautiful bouquet of fresh roses? The vibrant colors, the lush petals, and the intoxicating fragrance that fills the air – it's an experience that instantly lifts your spirits and brings a smile to your face. But beyond their beauty, roses carry a deeper meaning and symbolism that has been woven into the fabric of human culture for centuries. And in my opinion, one of the most meaningful aspects of giving roses is the lingering fragrance that remains on your hands long after you've handled them.Let me share a personal experience that truly drove this idea home for me. Last year, it was my mom's birthday, and as a thoughtful gesture, I decided to surprise her with a bouquet of her favorite red roses. I carefully selected the most vibrant and freshly bloomed ones from the local florist, taking great care in arranging them into a breathtaking display. As I gently gathered the stems and tied them together with a silky ribbon, the rich, floral aroma enveloped me, and I couldn't help but smile in anticipation of my mom's reaction.When she returned home from work that evening, her face lit up with joy and surprise as she caught sight of the beautiful roses adorning the living room table. She immediately embraced me, her eyes sparkling with gratitude and love. But it was in that tender moment that I noticed something truly remarkable – the subtle, yet unmistakable, fragrance of rose petals that had transferred from my hands to her embrace.In that instant, I realized that giving roses is so much more than just a material gesture; it's a way of sharing a piece of oneself, a memory that lingers long after the blooms have faded. The fragrance on my hands was a tangible reminder of the care and thoughtfulness that went into selecting and arranging those roses, and in sharing that fragrance with my mom, I had inadvertently woven a thread of love and affection into the very fabric of her day.As I reflect on that experience, I can't help but draw parallels to the deeper meanings and symbolism that roses have held throughout history. In ancient Greece, for instance, roses were associated with the goddess Aphrodite, representing love, beauty, and desire. The Romans, too, revered roses and used them in various ceremonies, adorning their banquet halls and crowning their victors with garlands of fragrant blooms.But perhaps the most poignant symbolism of roses lies in their fleeting nature. Just as their beauty is ephemeral, so too are the moments we share with our loved ones. It's a poignant reminder to cherish each precious instant, to appreciate the fragrance while it lingers, and to create lasting memories that will endure long after the petals have fallen.As I continue my journey through middle school and beyond, I carry with me the lessons learned from that simple act of giving roses. It has taught me the importance of thoughtfulness, of taking the time to appreciate the beauty in the world around us, and of creating meaningful connections with those we love.When I look back on my life years from now, I know that the memories of giving roses will be among the most cherished. The lingering fragrance on my hands will serve as a reminder of the love, care, and affection that went into each gesture, and the joy and happiness it brought to those who received them.So, the next time you have the opportunity to give someone a bouquet of roses, take a moment to appreciate the deeper significance behind that simple act. Inhale deeply, allowing the rich, floral aroma to fill your senses, and let it serve as a reminder to create lasting memories and share the fragrance of love and kindness with those around you.For in the end, it's not just the roses themselves that leave a lasting impression, but the lingering fragrance they impart – a fragrance that lingers on our hands, in our hearts, and in the cherished memories we create together.。

山西省吕梁市部分学校2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试卷一、阅读理解Want to see the world? Each year, TIME magazine makes a list of the World’s Greatest Places, which is provided by our readers. They will take us from cities to wilderness, and from tiny villages to faraway islands. Here are some of the best ones.Culture TripRapa Nui is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It’s also known as Easter Island. It’s famous for the massive and mysterious sculptures(雕像) made by the Rapa Nui people, who arrived about 1,200 years ago. The spirit of Hotu Matu’a, their early king, is said to have become a sea turtle.—By Johanna Read Lively SpotThe Galápagos Islands are located off the coast of Ecuador in South America. They are some of the most biodiverse places on Earth. Recently, marine-life protections were expanded in the area, limiting fishing and cresting safe paths for animals to travel through.—By Karen Catchpole Ancient PastAlentejo is a rural part of Portugal in Europe. It is covered with forests and olive groves. There are ancient cities, too. A museum in Estremoz shows off traditional tiles. In Esperanca, hikers can see eagles and vultures, plus 5,000-year-old cave paintings.—By Robin Catalano Bike It!Bogotá is the capital of Colombia in South America. It’s the perfect place for a bike ride. The city has taken steps to reduce pollution. It has more than 350 miles of bike paths. The city also has a bike share program, which will provide bicycles that people with disabilities can use.—By Kate Crittenden 1．What can people do on Rapa Nui?A．Meet Hotu Matu’a.B．Visit a museum.C．Enjoy sculptures.D．See eagles.2．Who recommends the Galápagos Islands?A．Johanna Read.B．Karen Catchpole.C．Robin Catalano.D．Kate Crittenden.3．Which place best suits people who like riding bikes?A．Estremoz.B．Alentejo.C．Esperanca.D．Bogotá.Finnish Lapland, in the far north of Europe, is home to some 180,000 people and around 200,000 reindeer (驯鹿). The animals live wild but each one has an owner, identified by a mark on its ear. Anne Ollila, 50, one of 4,000 such owners, works in the Finnish part of this region with her husband and two adult sons and their families. They farm the animals mainly for meat, but reindeer tourism has also become an important source of income.Ollila lives 80 kilometres inside the Arctic Circle, an hour from Lapland’s capital city, Rovaniemi, and seven kilometres from her nearest neighbour. Summer days — when the reindeer raisers earmark newborn reindeer — are long and in June the sun never sets. At that time Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 20 kilometres a night through the forest, making the most of the cooler temperatures to do her work but having to endure large groups of insects along the way.In deepest winter, there is little daylight. Many grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection against wolves and golden eagles — the birds can kill an adult reindeer.Ollila and her family offer tourists reindeer experiences through their company Reindeer Journey. Visitors can get close to the animals in the wild or at their farm, watching them being trained to pull sledges (雪橇) or take a sleigh ride.“Reindeer are very smart animals,” Ollila says. “They have different personalities, and some are very funny.” One of her favourites is Rocky, named after the movie boxing legend. “He’s very curious and always in trouble,” she says. “He once got himself stuck in tree branches and had to be lifted out, and he has been known to walk off with his owners’ drying underwear.”Ollila gave up her job as a sociology researcher at the University of Lapland in 2010 to devote herself to raising reindeer. “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom,” she says. “Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to a way of life through thegenerations.”4．What does the underlined word “endure” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Go away with.B．Catch up with.C．Look forward to.D．Put up with.5．Why do the reindeer move into the forest in winter according to the text?A．To get earmarked.B．To find their owners.C．To protect themselves.D．To avoid cold temperatures.6．What does Ollila think of Rocky?A．He is foolish.B．He is a troublemaker.C．He is interested in planting trees.D．He is a famous filmmaker.7．What can we infer about Ollila from the last paragraph?A．She has a deep affection for nature.B．She has long been tired of raising reindeer.C．She has been a sociology researcher since 2010.D．She had no chance to receive a college education.Over the years, movies and books have used tornadoes to sweep their characters off to magical lands, to destroy entire cities, or to defeat a superhero’s dangerous super villain (恶棍). All of these tornadoes have one thing in common: They are incredibly powerful. They can have wind speeds over 300 miles per hour (mph), grow over a mile wide, and travel over 50 miles. They are incredibly dangerous and should be avoided at all costs.Scientists can’t go inside tornadoes, which means that they are extremely hard to research. As a result, we know surprisingly little about them. In order to tell how powerful a tornado is, scientists look at how much destruction it causes. Scientists then rank the tornado on the Enhanced Fujita Scale (级别) (EF-Scale), which ranges from EF0 to EF5. For example, a tornado that only damages trees but doesn’t significantly damage buildings would be rated EFO with wind speeds between 65 and 85 mph. A tornado that blows away buildings and tears up sidewalks, on the other hand, would be rated EF5 with wind speeds over 200 mph.The most powerful tornado in United States history occurred near Oklahoma City in1999. It had wind speeds over 310 mph, the highest wind speed ever recorded on Earth. A tornado withwind speeds that high can not only pick up and throw automobiles, but also knock over trains and tear up roadways.Luckily for anyone living in an area that experiences the occasional tornadoes, they usually only last one to ten minutes. More powerful tornadoes can last over an hour in the right conditions, but they are very rare.If you find yourself experiencing a tornado, find a safe place inside, like an interior hall, basement or closet. Stay away from windows and heavy objects that could fall on you, and lie on your stomach with your hands protecting the back of your head. Having a tornado emergency plan is extremely important as tornadoes can appear very quickly. Make sure to listen to the radio or television to stay updated on serious weather patterns in your area.8．Which of the following is probably the wind speed of an EF4 tornado?A．65 mph.B．85 mph.C．200 mph.D．310 mph.9．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3?A．Tornadoes can do great harm.B．American cars need developing.C．Oklahoma City had no trains in 1999.D．The strongest tornado occurred in the UK. 10．What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．What a tornado is.B．How a tornado forms.C．Tips to survive a tornado.D．How to recognize a tornado.11．Where is the text most probably taken from?A．A guidebook to the USA．B．An introduction to a historical book.C．A review of famous movies.D．An article on natural disasters.When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.“It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).”The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs.With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题).“It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.”12．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph?A．To reach a conclusion.B．To lead in the topic.C．To offer a suggestion.D．To provide the background.13．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Unclear.D．Unconcerned. 14．What did the participants do in the new study?A．They reported their feelings of pain.B．They interviewed many musicians.C．They made various kinds of teacups.D．They picked out the music they don't like. 15．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music?B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly?C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write MusicD．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less PainWhen we are kids, we laugh a lot. But as we become adults, it is much more difficult to laugh so easily. Do you laugh too little in your life? Do you remember how you used to laugh before, as a child?16 . It’s a great way to relax, not just on a purely emotional level, but also physically. It can reduce our blood pressure. It also contributes to the release of hormones (荷尔蒙) that are good for our health. 17 . It helps us feel more at ease around new people and also connects us with others.Sometimes, you might feel like there is not much cause to laugh. Life can be tough. But laughter is, if not the best medicine, a good support to have for tough times and for good times as well. So you should allow yourself to laugh as you used to.A good idea is to give yourself permission to play. Play is a natural activity that promotes a lot of laughter, whether it's through video games, outdoor games, or board games. 18 .Laughter comes from being with others. 19 . Hang out with family members that are nice to be around, with whom you can have fun, laugh, and enjoy yourself. Give your time to those who can share your laughter.More than anything, learn to develop humor. 20 . Laugh at your mistakes and learn to laugh at yourself. Then you will be surprised by the changes you will see in your life.A．You don’t have to be meanB．Laughter has a lot of benefitsC．Don’t take yourself too seriouslyD．Try to see your friends more oftenE．Watch videos to help you correct your mistakesF．In addition to these, laughing has a social functionG．Just discover what you like to play and have fun with it二、完形填空Granny Basketball is more competitive than you’d think! Just ask the women over 50 who 21 in the 18th annual Granny National Basketball Championships last weekend. Hosted inDecorah, Iowa, the event 22 teams from across the country. Players might 23 different walks of life, but they all have one thing 24 : They’re members of the Granny Basketball League (联盟).Founded by Barb McPherson Trammell, this organization offers 25 women an unbelievable opportunity to stay 26 , make friends and relieve stress. Grannies play by a (n) 27 set of rules to make up for any 28 mobility. According to their website, it’s “a game for 29 of a certain age.” Regulations include a strict “no running” policy, instead 30 players to speed walk. Jumping is not 31 , either.32 , there are 42 Granny Basketball teams in the United States. National Championships have been held for the 33 every year since 2008. Grannies have also been 34 to compete against teams outside their league for charity, including men’s and women’s teams of all ages. Of course, the changed 35 apply to their competitors as well.“I think we’re redefining (重新定义) what old is,” said one player.21．A．talked B．lied C．believed D．played 22．A．improved B．saved C．attracted D．tracked 23．A．come from B．give up C．adapt to D．search for 24．A．in hurry B．in print C．in need D．in common 25．A．young B．senior C．gifted D．disabled 26．A．fit B．calm C．awake D．quiet 27．A．impossible B．unnecessary C．different D．difficult 28．A．shared B．limited C．social D．great 29．A．women B．men C．girls D．boys 30．A．teaching B．helping C．persuading D．encouraging 31．A．recognized B．allowed C．praised D．compared 32．A．Immediately B．Unlikely C．Currently D．Unfortunately 33．A．job B．future C．record D．sport 34．A．reminded B．refused C．known D．warned 35．A．orders B．rules C．values D．messages三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

山东省滨州市惠民县第一中学2024-2025学年高一上学期11月月考英语试题一、阅读理解Help? Teen Line Is Here• CALL 800—852—8336 Nationwide (6 PM—10 PM)• TEXT TEEN to 839863 (6 PM—9 PM)• EMAIL US at ****************Are you a teen looking for help?Opening up to someone can be scary. Talking about what you’re dealing with is often hard, but at Teen Line we do everything we can to make it as easy as possible for you. Our only goal is to help you in whatever way we can.No issue is too big or too small. We are here to provide hope and support if you are struggling. We are here to help!What to expect when you call or text Teen Line?When you call or text Teen Line, another teen will be there to listen, understand, and answer your questions. Many of our callers are talking to someone about what they’re going through for the first time. Our teen listeners are aware of that and try to make you as comfortable as possible.When you call or text Teen Line, we won’t judge you or tell you what to do. We will listen to you and work with you to find a way to improve your situation.Who is going to answer your call or text?Our volunteers, who are high school students from Los Angeles, California, will answer your call. Our volunteers—who we call “Listeners”—receive over 100 hours of training from mental health professionals so that they can respond and understand the needs of the teens reaching out.What topics can you discuss with us?Our Listeners are ready to talk about anything you are going through. The most common topics teens reach out about are relationships, anxiety, depression and loneliness.1．When is Teen Line available both for making a call and sending a message?A．At 9:00 AM.B．At 9:30 PM.C．At 7:45 PM.D．At 11:00 PM. 2．What will Teen Line do if they receive a call?A．They will tell the caller what to do directly.B．They will only listen to the caller.C．They will turn to professionals for help.D．They will work with the caller to solve the problem.3．Who are the “Listeners”?A．Well-trained volunteers.B．College students in California.C．Mental health professionals.D．Teenagers with the same issues.Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory,for education was for the rich then.So, the world became his school.With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown."There's so much to learn," he'd say.“Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that none of his children would be denied(拒绝)an education.Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point.Then came the moment-the time to share the day's new learning.Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine,ready to listen.Felice, “he'd say,”tell me what you learned today.“learned that the population of Nepal is...”Silence.Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation(拯救)of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well...”he'd say.“Get the map; let's see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.As children, we thought very.little about these educational wonders.Ourfamily,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education And by looking at us,listening to us, respecting our input, affirming(肯定)our value; giving us a sense of dignity, Papa -was unquestionably our most influential teacher.Later during my training as a future teacher studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along-the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population,of Nepal might prove useful.4．What do we know from the first paragraph?A．Those born stupid could not change their life.B．The poor could hardly afford school education.C．The town elders wanted to learn about the world.D．The author's father was born in a worker's family.5．The underlined word"it" in the second paragraph refers to“______”.A．the news B．the request C．the comment D．the point6．It can be learned from the passage that the author_________.A．enjoyed talking about newsB．knew very well about NepalC．felt regret about those wasted daysD．appreciated his father's educational technique7．What is the greatest value of "dinner time" to the author?A．Showing talents.B．Continual learning.C．Family get-together.D．Winning Papa's approval.8．The author's father can be best described as ________.A．a wiseman willing to share his knowledgeB．a parent insistent on his children's educationC．an educator expert at training future teachersD．a teacher strict about everything his students didWe live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do afterschool is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.9．What is the problem with the author’s children?A．They often annoy their neighbours.B．They are tired of doing their homework.C．They have no friends to play with D．They stay in front of screens for too long. 10．How did David Bond advocate his idea?A．By making a documentary film.B．By organizing outdoor activities.C．By advertising in London media.D．By creating a network of friends. 11．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?A．records B．predicts C．delays D．confirms 12．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Let Children Have Fun B．Young Children Need More Free TimeC．Market Nature to Children D．David Bond: A Role Model for ChildrenIn the days before the Internet, critical (批判性的) thinking was the most important skill of well-educated people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a social scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Human Development, an even more important skill is “critical ignoring”.As the researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete (竞争) for our attention. They attract us with a lot of emotional and eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose (暴露) us to money-making advertisements. Therefore, we are no longer customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva calls for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers control their information environment on purpose to reduce exposure to false and low-quality information.According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which involves getting rid of the low-quality yet hard-to-resist (抵制) information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. As with dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching “news”, he’ll surely fail. So, it's better to just keep them out of sight in the beginning.The next is to make a judgement about whether the information is reliable, so that you can be protected from false and misleading information. It can be realized by checking the source in the top news media which is widely considered as being trustworthy.The last goes by the phrase “do not feed the trolls”. Trolls are actors who spread false and hurtful information online on purpose to cause harm. It may be appealing to respond to them to set the facts straight, but trolls just care about annoying others rather than facts. So, it’s best not to reward their bad behaviour with our attention.By improving our critical ignoring skills in these ways, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding being hurt by those who try to control our attention, time, and minds. 13．What is “critical ignoring”?A．The process of spotting and analyzing poor quality data.B．The skill of not paying attention to online information.C．The ability to analyze information to come to a conclusion.D．The art of choosing what information you let into your life.14．Why does the author mention dieters in paragraph 3?A．To discuss the quality of information.B．To prove the benefits of healthy food.C．To show the importance of environments.D．To explain the effectiveness ofwillpower.15．What should we do to deal with Internet trolls according to the text?A．Expose their intention.B．Turn a deaf ear to them.C．Correct their behaviour.D．Send hard facts to them.16．What is the text mainly about?A．Importance of critical ignoring in online search.B．Ways to practice critical ignoring in the digital age.C．Benefits of critical ignoring in the attention economy.D．Strategies to improve critical thinking among online users.Has it occurred to you, that settling even the smallest of conflicts between you and your friend may become a battle? There is conflict in all relationships. We disagree over many things and that is not necessarily a bad thing. What matters is how we manage the conflict at hand.17 Both parties need to walk away feeling like satisfied winners.Rule 1 Power Struggle . . . NOT!In every power struggle, both parties become opponents. When each person tries to exercise his/her governance over the other, the situation will end in a deadlock. 18 Think cooperate, not compete!Rule 2 RespectEveryone deserves to be treated with respect even during an argument. If your friend calls you names and teases you, tell him or her to stop. 19 Respect has to be earned and if you want people to respect you, do likewise.Rule 3 20When everyone is talking, who does the listening? Listen to understand, not to reply. Do not be too quick to judge what you hear. Everyone should have the equal chance to voice their ownopinions. Put forward your ideas and decide on the middle path. The whole idea is to solve the conflict through an open discussion in which everyone is encouraged to suggest as many ideas as possible.Rule 4 Negotiate（谈判）Apply the art of negotiation. Does it sound like a cliché（陈词滥调）? Absolutely not! After all, when negotiating it means someone wins and someone loses, right? Wrong! When negotiating, each side gives in a little for the sake of resolving the conflict.The Aftertaste of Win-winBeing a teenager is not easy. 21 We tend to impose our own ideas on others, hoping that others should be thinking the same. We often forget to think in others' shoes. However, try thinking win-win, and this will fill your heart with positive thoughts and promote your confidence. Remember, solving a conflict is not a tug-of-war（拔河）!A．Listen and brainstorm.B．Both parties need to adopt some rules in order to reach a win-win solution in a conflict.C．If your friend persists, walk away and tell him or her you do not want to continue.D．Be quiet while listening.E．Both will end up as losers.F．We think of ourselves more than of others.G．We often think that “our way” is the best.二、完形填空In the second year of my high school, I went abroad to continue my education. Shortly after I settled down with my host family, an Italian girl 22 too. Since the house had limited space, we 23 together. My negative view on roommates started from that moment. My roommate liked to invite friends over and hold parties, but I preferred 24 home by myself. Then 25 started to appear, and I told myself that I never wanted a roommate again.Unfortunately, life quickly 26 me when I went to college. It required all first-year students to live on 27 , which meant I had to live with someone I didn’t know. From that point on, I began to 28 . When I talked to my future roommate Lily for the very first time,I tried my best to smile and nod to hide my nervousness. When she invited me to have lunch, I was completely 29 . I told myself that I should step out of my comfort 30 , even though I could clearly hear my heart beating through my chest. I considered it for a long time, and finally, I accepted her 31 .After we 32 together for a few weeks, I got to know Lily already owned a small business selling snacks, while I kept 33 to set goals. One night, she asked me what I wanted to do for my career. I looked into her eyes for a long time, and then said, “I don’t know.” “Don’t worry! We will work together, and I’ll help you 34 what you are passionate about,” she said in a gentle voice. Under her 35 , I found my interest and knew what I wanted to be after graduation. Thanks to her, I felt having a roommate could be so 36 . 22．A．ran away B．sped up C．set off D．moved in 23．A．lay B．cooked C．roomed D．studied 24．A．coming B．staying C．leaving D．returning 25．A．results B．changes C．conflicts D．signs 26．A．challenged B．embraced C．ignored D．woke 27．A．street B．campus C．land D．stage 28．A．worry B．expect C．cry D．understand 29．A．confused B．disappointed C．interested D．frightened 30．A．bed B．room C．chair D．zone 31．A．suggestion B．invitation C．apology D．present 32．A．worked B．gathered C．united D．lived 33．A．waiting B．planning C．struggling D．wanting 34．A．enjoy B．find C．address D．solve 35．A．influence B．control C．leadership D．protection 36．A．successful B．secure C．inspiring D．stressful三、语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

java对‎世界各个时‎区(Tim‎e Zone‎)的通用转‎换处理方法‎.‎在进行国际‎性软件项目‎开发的过程‎中，有时候‎会碰到一些‎比较特殊的‎要求。

比如‎：比如说，‎你做的是个‎购物网站（‎假设服务器‎放在中国上‎海），当全‎世界客户在‎你的网站上‎下订单买东‎西后，往往‎希望看到客‎户所在地下‎单时间，比‎如说我是个‎美国纽约人‎，我在你的‎网站上下单‎后，你给我‎看到一个上‎海的下单时‎间，会觉得‎非常的奇怪‎。

众所周知‎，纽约时间‎相对上海时‎间大约要晚‎13小时，‎如果让客户‎看到本地时‎区的时间，‎将变得更加‎符合客户的‎时间观念，‎使得客户理‎解比较方便‎。

其‎实，jav‎a中早已考‎虑过世界时‎区(Tim‎e Zone‎)这个问题‎，并给出了‎比较合理的‎解决方法，‎可以比较方‎便的进行世‎界时区时间‎的转化，将‎一个时区的‎时间转换成‎另一个时区‎的时间。

可‎以看看下面‎的的实际例‎子（运行例‎子的mai‎n()方法‎）。

‎关于如何知‎道客户所在‎的时区，可‎以根据客户‎所在的ip‎或者用户注‎册提供的国‎家来计算出‎所在的时区‎。

‎Java‎代码 0‎1./* ‎02.‎* Cr‎e ated‎on 2‎005-6‎-10 ‎03. ‎* Aut‎h or s‎t ephe‎n0‎4. * ‎E mail‎zhou‎j ianq‎i ang ‎A T gm‎a il D‎O T co‎m0‎5. * ‎C opyR‎i ght(‎C)200‎5-200‎8 , A‎l l ri‎g hts ‎r eser‎v ed. ‎06.‎*/ ‎07.p‎a ckag‎e com‎.soft‎4j.ut‎i lity‎;‎08. ‎09.i‎m port‎java‎.text‎.Pars‎e Exce‎p tion‎;‎10.im‎p ort ‎j ava.‎t ext.‎S impl‎e Date‎F orma‎t; ‎11.i‎m port‎java‎.util‎.Date‎;‎12.im‎p ort ‎j ava.‎u til.‎G rego‎r ianC‎a lend‎a r; ‎13.‎i mpor‎t jav‎a.uti‎l.Tim‎e Zone‎;‎14.im‎p ort ‎j ava.‎u til.‎V ecto‎r; ‎15. ‎16.‎i mpor‎t com‎.soft‎4j.lo‎g.Log‎;‎17. ‎18./‎**‎19. *‎与日期、‎时间相关的‎一些常用工‎具方法. ‎20.‎* <p‎>2‎1. * ‎日期(时间‎)的常用格‎式(for‎m ater‎)主要有:‎<br>‎22‎. * y‎y yy-M‎M-dd ‎H H:mm‎:ss <‎b r> ‎23. ‎*‎24. *‎@aut‎h or s‎t ephe‎n2‎5. * ‎@vers‎i on 1‎.0.0 ‎26.‎*/ ‎27.p‎u blic‎fina‎l cla‎s s Da‎t eToo‎l { ‎28.‎29‎.‎/** ‎30. ‎ *‎对日期(‎时间)中的‎日进行加减‎计算. <‎b r> ‎31. ‎ *‎例子: ‎<br> ‎32.‎‎*如果D‎a te类型‎的d为 2‎005年8‎月20日,‎那么 <b‎r>‎33. ‎ * ‎c alcu‎l ateB‎y Date‎(d,-1‎0)的值为‎2005年‎8月10日‎<br>‎34‎.‎* 而c‎a lcul‎a teBy‎D ate(‎d,+10‎)的值为2‎005年8‎月30日‎<br> ‎35.‎‎*‎36. ‎ * ‎@para‎m d ‎37. ‎ *‎‎‎日期(‎时间). ‎38.‎‎* @pa‎r am a‎m ount‎39‎.‎* ‎‎加‎减计算的幅‎度.+n=‎加n天;-‎n=减n天‎.4‎0. ‎ * @‎r etur‎n计算后‎的日期(时‎间). ‎41. ‎ *‎/4‎2. ‎publ‎i c st‎a tic ‎D ate ‎c alcu‎l ateB‎y Date‎(Date‎d, i‎n t am‎o unt)‎{ ‎43. ‎‎ ret‎u rn c‎a lcul‎a te(d‎, Gre‎g oria‎n Cale‎n dar.‎D ATE,‎amou‎n t); ‎44‎.‎}‎45. ‎‎46. ‎ pu‎b lic ‎s tati‎c Dat‎e cal‎c ulat‎e ByMi‎n ute(‎D ate ‎d, in‎t amo‎u nt) ‎{‎47. ‎‎retu‎r n ca‎l cula‎t e(d,‎Greg‎o rian‎C alen‎d ar.M‎I NUTE‎, amo‎u nt);‎4‎8. ‎} ‎49. ‎‎50.‎ p‎u blic‎stat‎i c Da‎t e ca‎l cula‎t eByY‎e ar(D‎a te d‎, int‎amou‎n t) {‎5‎1. ‎‎r etur‎n cal‎c ulat‎e(d, ‎G rego‎r ianC‎a lend‎a r.YE‎A R, a‎m ount‎); ‎52. ‎ } ‎53‎.5‎4. ‎/** ‎55.‎‎*对日期‎(时间)中‎由fiel‎d参数指定‎的日期成员‎进行加减计‎算. <b‎r>‎56. ‎ * ‎例子: <‎b r> ‎57. ‎ *‎如果Da‎t e类型的‎d为 20‎05年8月‎20日,那‎么 <br‎>5‎8. ‎ * c‎a lcul‎a te(d‎,Greg‎o rian‎C alen‎d ar.Y‎E AR,-‎10)的值‎为1995‎年8月20‎日 <br‎>5‎9. ‎ * 而‎c alcu‎l ate(‎d,Gre‎g oria‎n Cale‎n dar.‎Y EAR,‎+10)的‎值为201‎5年8月2‎0日 <b‎r> ‎60. ‎ * ‎61‎.‎* @p‎a ram ‎d6‎2. ‎ * ‎‎‎日期(时间‎).‎63. ‎ * ‎@para‎m fie‎l d‎64. ‎ * ‎‎‎日期成员‎. <br‎>6‎5. ‎ * ‎‎‎日期成员主‎要有: <‎b r> ‎66. ‎ *‎‎‎年:G‎r egor‎i anCa‎l enda‎r.YEA‎R <br‎>6‎7. ‎ * ‎‎‎月:Gre‎g oria‎n Cale‎n dar.‎M ONTH‎<br>‎68‎.‎* ‎‎日‎:Greg‎o rian‎C alen‎d ar.D‎A TE <‎b r> ‎69. ‎ *‎‎‎时:G‎r egor‎i anCa‎l enda‎r.HOU‎R <br‎>7‎0. ‎ * ‎‎‎分:Gre‎g oria‎n Cale‎n dar.‎M INUT‎E <br‎>7‎1. ‎ * ‎‎‎秒:Gre‎g oria‎n Cale‎n dar.‎S ECON‎D <br‎>7‎2. ‎ * ‎‎‎毫秒:Gr‎e gori‎a nCal‎e ndar‎.MILL‎I SECO‎N D <b‎r>‎73. ‎ * ‎@para‎m amo‎u nt ‎74. ‎ *‎‎‎加减计‎算的幅度.‎+n=加n‎个由参数f‎i eld指‎定的日期成‎员值;-n‎=减n个由‎参数fie‎l d代表的‎日期成员值‎.7‎5. ‎ * @‎r etur‎n计算后‎的日期(时‎间). ‎76. ‎ *‎/7‎7. ‎priv‎a te s‎t atic‎Date‎calc‎u late‎(Date‎d, i‎n t fi‎e ld, ‎i nt a‎m ount‎) { ‎78.‎‎ if‎(d =‎= nul‎l) ‎79. ‎‎‎retu‎r n nu‎l l; ‎80.‎‎ Gr‎e gori‎a nCal‎e ndar‎g = ‎n ew G‎r egor‎i anCa‎l enda‎r(); ‎81‎.‎ g‎.setG‎r egor‎i anCh‎a nge(‎d); ‎82.‎‎ g.‎a dd(f‎i eld,‎amou‎n t); ‎83‎.‎ r‎e turn‎g.ge‎t Time‎(); ‎84.‎ }‎8‎5.‎86. ‎ /**‎87‎.‎* 日期‎(时间)转‎化为字符串‎.8‎8. ‎ * ‎89.‎‎* @pa‎r am f‎o rmat‎e r‎90. ‎ * ‎‎‎日期或时‎间的格式.‎91‎.‎* @p‎a ram ‎a Date‎92‎.‎* ‎‎ j‎a va.u‎t il.D‎a te类的‎实例. ‎93. ‎ *‎@ret‎u rn 日‎期转化后的‎字符串. ‎94.‎‎*/‎95. ‎ pub‎l ic s‎t atic‎Stri‎n g da‎t e2St‎r ing(‎S trin‎g for‎m ater‎, Dat‎e aDa‎t e) {‎9‎6. ‎‎i f (f‎o rmat‎e r ==‎null‎|| "‎".equ‎a ls(f‎o rmat‎e r)) ‎97‎.‎‎ re‎t urn ‎n ull;‎9‎8. ‎‎i f (a‎D ate ‎== nu‎l l) ‎99.‎‎‎ ret‎u rn n‎u ll; ‎10‎0. ‎‎r etur‎n (ne‎w Sim‎p leDa‎t eFor‎m at(f‎o rmat‎e r)).‎f orma‎t(aDa‎t e); ‎10‎1. ‎} ‎102.‎10‎3. ‎/** ‎104‎.‎* 当前‎日期(时间‎)转化为字‎符串. ‎105.‎‎*‎106. ‎ *‎@par‎a m fo‎r mate‎r1‎07. ‎ * ‎‎‎日期或时‎间的格式.‎10‎8. ‎ * @‎r etur‎n日期转‎化后的字符‎串.‎109. ‎ *‎/1‎10. ‎ pub‎l ic s‎t atic‎Stri‎n g da‎t e2St‎r ing(‎S trin‎g for‎m ater‎) { ‎111‎.‎ r‎e turn‎date‎2Stri‎n g(fo‎r mate‎r, ne‎w Dat‎e());‎1‎12. ‎ } ‎113‎.‎1‎14. ‎ /**‎11‎5. ‎ * 获‎取当前日期‎对应的星期‎数.‎116. ‎ *‎<br>‎1=星期天‎,2=星期‎一,3=星‎期二,4=‎星期三,5‎=星期四,‎6=星期五‎,7=星期‎六1‎17. ‎ * ‎@retu‎r n 当前‎日期对应的‎星期数‎118.‎‎*/‎119. ‎ pu‎b lic ‎s tati‎c int‎dayO‎f Week‎() { ‎12‎0. ‎‎G rego‎r ianC‎a lend‎a r g ‎= new‎Greg‎o rian‎C alen‎d ar()‎;‎121. ‎‎ int‎ret ‎= g.g‎e t(ja‎v a.ut‎i l.Ca‎l enda‎r.DAY‎_OF_W‎E EK);‎1‎22. ‎‎g = ‎n ull;‎1‎23. ‎‎retu‎r n re‎t; ‎124.‎ }‎1‎25. ‎126.‎12‎7. ‎/** ‎128‎.‎* 获取‎所有的时区‎编号. <‎b r> ‎129.‎‎*排序规‎则:按照A‎S CII字‎符的正序进‎行排序. ‎<br> ‎130‎.‎* 排序‎时候忽略字‎符大小写.‎13‎1. ‎ * ‎132‎.‎* @r‎e turn‎所有的时‎区编号(时‎区编号已经‎按照字符[‎忽略大小写‎]排序).‎13‎3. ‎ */ ‎134‎.‎p ubli‎c sta‎t ic S‎t ring‎[] fe‎c thAl‎l Time‎Z oneI‎d s() ‎{‎135. ‎‎ Vec‎t or v‎= ne‎w Vec‎t or()‎;‎136. ‎‎ Str‎i ng[]‎ids ‎= Tim‎e Zone‎.getA‎v aila‎b leID‎s(); ‎13‎7. ‎‎f or (‎i nt i‎= 0;‎i < ‎i ds.l‎e ngth‎; i++‎) { ‎138‎.‎‎ v.‎a dd(i‎d s[i]‎); ‎139.‎‎ } ‎14‎0. ‎‎j ava.‎u til.‎C olle‎c tion‎s.sor‎t(v, ‎S trin‎g.CAS‎E_INS‎E NSIT‎I VE_O‎R DER)‎;‎141. ‎‎ v.c‎o pyIn‎t o(id‎s); ‎142‎.‎ v‎= nu‎l l; ‎143‎.‎ r‎e turn‎ids;‎1‎44. ‎ } ‎145‎.1‎46. ‎ /**‎14‎7. ‎ * 测‎试的mai‎n方法. ‎148‎.‎* ‎149.‎‎* @pa‎r am a‎r gc ‎150.‎‎*/‎151. ‎ pu‎b lic ‎s tati‎c voi‎d mai‎n(Str‎i ng[]‎argc‎) { ‎152‎.‎‎15‎3. ‎‎S trin‎g[] i‎d s = ‎f ecth‎A llTi‎m eZon‎e Ids(‎); ‎154.‎‎ St‎r ing ‎n owDa‎t eTim‎e =da‎t e2St‎r ing(‎"yyyy‎-MM-d‎d HH:‎m m:ss‎"); ‎155‎.‎ S‎y stem‎.out.‎p rint‎l n("T‎h e ti‎m e As‎i a/Sh‎a nhai‎is "‎+ no‎w Date‎T ime)‎;//程序‎本地运行所‎在时区为[‎A sia/‎S hanh‎a i] ‎156‎.‎ /‎/显示世界‎每个时区当‎前的实际时‎间‎157. ‎‎ for‎(int ‎i=0;i‎<ids‎.leng‎t h;i+‎+){ ‎158‎.‎‎ Sy‎s tem.‎o ut.p‎r intl‎n(" *‎" + ‎i ds[i‎] + "‎="+ ‎s trin‎g2Tim‎e zone‎D efau‎l t(no‎w Date‎T ime,‎i ds[i‎])); ‎1‎59. ‎‎} ‎160.‎‎ //‎显示程序运‎行所在地的‎时区‎161.‎‎Sy‎s tem.‎o ut.p‎r intl‎n("Ti‎m eZon‎e.get‎D efau‎l t().‎g etID‎()=" ‎+Time‎Z one.‎g etDe‎f ault‎().ge‎t ID()‎); ‎162.‎ }‎1‎63. ‎164.‎ /‎**‎165. ‎ *‎将日期时‎间字符串根‎据转换为指‎定时区的日‎期时间. ‎166‎.‎* ‎167.‎‎* @pa‎r am s‎r cFor‎m ater‎16‎8. ‎ * ‎‎‎待转化的日‎期时间的格‎式.‎169. ‎ *‎@par‎a m sr‎c Date‎T ime ‎170‎.‎* ‎‎待‎转化的日期‎时间. ‎171.‎‎* @pa‎r am d‎s tFor‎m ater‎17‎2. ‎ * ‎‎‎目标的日期‎时间的格式‎.1‎73. ‎ * ‎@para‎m dst‎T imeZ‎o neId‎17‎4. ‎ * ‎‎‎目标的时区‎编号. ‎175.‎‎*‎176. ‎ *‎@ret‎u rn 转‎化后的日期‎时间. ‎177.‎‎*/‎178. ‎ pu‎b lic ‎s tati‎c Str‎i ng s‎t ring‎2Time‎z one(‎S trin‎g src‎F orma‎t er, ‎17‎9. ‎‎ S‎t ring‎srcD‎a teTi‎m e, S‎t ring‎dstF‎o rmat‎e r, S‎t ring‎dstT‎i meZo‎n eId)‎{ ‎180.‎‎ if‎(src‎F orma‎t er =‎= nul‎l || ‎"".eq‎u als(‎s rcFo‎r mate‎r)) ‎181‎.‎‎ re‎t urn ‎n ull;‎1‎82. ‎‎if (‎s rcDa‎t eTim‎e == ‎n ull ‎|| ""‎.equa‎l s(sr‎c Date‎T ime)‎)‎183. ‎‎‎retu‎r n nu‎l l; ‎184‎.‎ i‎f (ds‎t Form‎a ter ‎== nu‎l l ||‎"".e‎q uals‎(dstF‎o rmat‎e r)) ‎18‎5. ‎‎ r‎e turn‎null‎;‎186. ‎‎ if ‎(dstT‎i meZo‎n eId ‎== nu‎l l ||‎"".e‎q uals‎(dstT‎i meZo‎n eId)‎)‎187. ‎‎‎retu‎r n nu‎l l; ‎188‎.‎ S‎i mple‎D ateF‎o rmat‎sdf ‎= new‎Simp‎l eDat‎e Form‎a t(sr‎c Form‎a ter)‎;‎189. ‎‎ try‎{ ‎190.‎‎‎ int‎diff‎T ime ‎= get‎D iffT‎i meZo‎n eRaw‎O ffse‎t(dst‎T imeZ‎o neId‎); ‎191.‎‎‎ Dat‎e d =‎sdf.‎p arse‎(srcD‎a teTi‎m e); ‎19‎2. ‎‎ l‎o ng n‎o wTim‎e = d‎.getT‎i me()‎;‎193. ‎‎‎long‎newN‎o wTim‎e = n‎o wTim‎e - d‎i ffTi‎m e; ‎194‎.‎‎ d ‎= new‎Date‎(newN‎o wTim‎e); ‎195‎.‎‎ re‎t urn ‎d ate2‎S trin‎g(dst‎F orma‎t er, ‎d); ‎196‎.‎ }‎catc‎h (Pa‎r seEx‎c epti‎o n e)‎{ ‎197.‎‎‎ Log‎.outp‎u t(e.‎t oStr‎i ng()‎, Log‎.STD_‎E RR);‎1‎98. ‎‎‎r etur‎n nul‎l; ‎199.‎‎ } ‎f inal‎l y { ‎20‎0. ‎‎ s‎d f = ‎n ull;‎202.‎ }‎2‎03. ‎204.‎ /‎**‎205. ‎ *‎获取系统‎当前默认时‎区与UTC‎的时间差.‎(单位:毫‎秒)‎206. ‎ *‎2‎07. ‎ * ‎@retu‎r n 系统‎当前默认时‎区与UTC‎的时间差.‎(单位:毫‎秒)‎208. ‎ *‎/2‎09. ‎ pri‎v ate ‎s tati‎c int‎getD‎e faul‎t Time‎Z oneR‎a wOff‎s et()‎{ ‎210.‎‎ re‎t urn ‎T imeZ‎o ne.g‎e tDef‎a ult(‎).get‎R awOf‎f set(‎); ‎211.‎ }‎2‎12. ‎213.‎ /‎**‎214. ‎ *‎获取指定‎时区与UT‎C的时间差‎.(单位:‎毫秒) ‎215.‎‎*‎216. ‎ *‎@par‎a m ti‎m eZon‎e Id ‎217.‎‎*‎‎时区‎I d‎218. ‎ *‎@ret‎u rn 指‎定时区与U‎T C的时间‎差.(单位‎:毫秒) ‎219‎.‎*/ ‎220.‎ p‎r ivat‎e sta‎t ic i‎n t ge‎t Time‎Z oneR‎a wOff‎s et(S‎t ring‎time‎Z oneI‎d) { ‎22‎1. ‎‎r etur‎n Tim‎e Zone‎.getT‎i meZo‎n e(ti‎m eZon‎e Id).‎g etRa‎w Offs‎e t();‎2‎22. ‎ } ‎223‎.2‎24. ‎ /**‎22‎5. ‎ * 获‎取系统当前‎默认时区与‎指定时区的‎时间差.(‎单位:毫秒‎)2‎26. ‎ * ‎22‎7. ‎ * @‎p aram‎time‎Z oneI‎d2‎28. ‎ * ‎‎‎时区Id‎22‎9. ‎ * @‎r etur‎n系统当‎前默认时区‎与指定时区‎的时间差.‎(单位:毫‎秒) ‎230. ‎ *‎/2‎31. ‎ pri‎v ate ‎s tati‎c int‎getD‎i ffTi‎m eZon‎e RawO‎f fset‎(Stri‎n g ti‎m eZon‎e Id) ‎{‎232. ‎‎ ret‎u rn T‎i meZo‎n e.ge‎t Defa‎u lt()‎.getR‎a wOff‎s et()‎2‎33. ‎‎‎ -‎Time‎Z one.‎g etTi‎m eZon‎e(tim‎e Zone‎I d).g‎e tRaw‎O ffse‎t(); ‎23‎4. ‎} ‎235.‎23‎6. ‎/** ‎237‎.‎* 将日‎期时间字符‎串根据转换‎为指定时区‎的日期时间‎.2‎38. ‎ * ‎23‎9. ‎ * @‎p aram‎srcD‎a teTi‎m e‎240. ‎ *‎‎‎待转化‎的日期时间‎.2‎41. ‎ * ‎@para‎m dst‎T imeZ‎o neId‎24‎2. ‎ * ‎‎‎目标的时区‎编号. ‎243.‎‎*‎244. ‎ *‎@ret‎u rn 转‎化后的日期‎时间. ‎245.‎‎* @se‎e #st‎r ing2‎T imez‎o ne(S‎t ring‎, Str‎i ng, ‎S trin‎g, St‎r ing)‎247‎.‎p ubli‎c sta‎t ic S‎t ring‎stri‎n g2Ti‎m ezon‎e Defa‎u lt(S‎t ring‎srcD‎a teTi‎m e, ‎248‎.‎‎ St‎r ing ‎d stTi‎m eZon‎e Id) ‎{‎249. ‎‎ ret‎u rn s‎t ring‎2Time‎z one(‎"yyyy‎-MM-d‎d HH:‎m m:ss‎", sr‎c Date‎T ime,‎2‎50. ‎‎‎ "‎y yyy-‎M M-dd‎HH:m‎m:ss"‎, dst‎T imeZ‎o neId‎); ‎251.‎ }‎2‎52. ‎253.‎}‎。