2020届上海市闵行区高三上学期质量调研考试(一模)英语试题(PDF版)

2020届上海市闵行区高考一模英语试题第一部分（共20小题每，小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Don’t refer to the dictionary every time you come across a new word as sometimes its meaning may be _______ clearly in a given context.A．picked out B．ruled out C．brought out D．taken out2．The prediction from Maya worries residents _______ December 21, 2012 would be the end of the world. A．if B．that C．whether D．which3．—What did she want to know, Tom?—She wondered we could complete the experimentA．when was it that B．it was when thatC．it was when D．when it was that4．Ms Alice is considered a lady by us, for she often helps the poor she met with. A．selfish B．hopefulC．mean D．generous5．—I have no idea what made the students so excited and crazy.—______ it have been their team’s vi ctory in the finals?A．Must B．CouldC．Would D．Should6．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________, knives and forks.A．another B．otherC．others D．the other7．--- I can’t think why he_____ so angry. I meant no offence.---It’s typical of him to be sensitive.A．should have been B．must have beenC．might have been D．can have been8．The new secretary is and therefore the manager is satisfied with her work.A．effective B．efficient C．specific D．sufficient9．In the past few years, we’ve seen works by Chinese sci-fi writers winning international ______. A．conclusion B．standardC．potential D．recognition10．—Did you enjoy your journey to Beijing last weekend?—. We had driven more than 3 hours before we found the right way.A．Absolutely B．No way C．Not at all D．With pleasure11．—________? You look really down.—I’m tired of my job. There are endless problems to deal with.A．Why bother B．So whatC．What’s up D．Why not12．Once published, the novel was a(n) success and was soon translated into nine foreign languages.A．occasional B．instantC．constant D．individual13．—Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind,I almost break down.A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled14．--- Do you know what Tom does all day ?---- I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he ____________his lessons.A．is doing B．does C．spends to do D．does doing15．If we want students to become effective in multicultural settings, one thing is clear: there is no ________ for practice.A．prescription B．substituteC．appetite D．suspension16．I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so that he wouldn't feel ________.A．challenged B．challengingC．to be challenged D．having challenged17．That’s far more than the number that have actually ______ in recent years.A．come to light B．come to life C．come across18．The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but every meal can serve at least two people and is under ¥10, so not only is it ______ but practical as well.A．adaptable B．adjustableC．adoptable D．affordable19．—________! Somebody has left the lab door open.—Don’t look at me.A．Hi, there B．Dear meC．Thank goodness D．Come on20．If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe. A．had been B．wereC．would be D．was第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt was a weeknight and one of my twin daughters marched into the room, waving a book she'd finished. “Dad, why are books with science in them always about boys?” she asked.I told her that simply wasn't true; there were loads of great science fictions with girls in them. She agreed, but argued that in those stories it was the boys who were doing science, and the girls were justalong for the ride. My other daughter took her sister's side and challenged me to give an example.This left me in a difficult position. I could either go through our library to point out some wonderful examples of female-led science fictions, or just admit they were right and remain in my comfortable chair.I've been asked several times how I came up with the idea forA Problematic Paradoxand my answer is always the same: it came to me in a moment of inspiration. I like that answer because it's simple and makes me seem very creative. The fact that this explanation is not true bothers me from time to time. Here's the truth: the story wasn't my idea. It was my daughters who suggested I write something for them that had a girl doing science.My daughters were at an age when many young women turn away from STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math), believing those areas of study unfriendly or out-of-the-norm for girls. I also read about how important role models can be to young people. It's one thing to tell a person they can do something, but seeing someone like them doing that thing can be more powerful.So, I kept two guidelines for the book in mind: First, the story had to be fun for anyone, because it's as important for boys to understand that science is for everyone. Second, I wanted the main character, Nikola, to be imperfect. She should be someone with shortcomings as we all have. I think this not only makes a story more interesting to read, but also helps make it clear that the most extraordinary things can be done by ordinary people.1. What does the underlined phrase “along for the ride” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Entering a bike race.B. Offering vital help.C. Doing unimportant things.D. Playing the leading role.2. What do we know about the bookA Problematic Paradox1?A. Its main character is perfect.B. It is a female-led science fiction.C. It is intended to appeal to girls only.D. Its idea comes from the author's inspiration.3. Which of the following best describes the author's book?A. Serious and abstract.B. Simple and practical.C. Creative and well-organized.D. Inspiring and interesting.BWhen rescuers were called to rescue a “little owl”, they did not expect to find one that was too fat to fly. A concerned citizen first spotted the poor bird lying helplessly. Even Rufus Samkin, whose team then took the team in on Jan.3, believed the bird to be injured. There were no wounds to be found, however, causing experts to believe the female owl was simply too wet to fly.But it was only after a thorough drying-off and complete checkup that they noted the real issue. The rescuers weighed the owl and concluded that she was “simply extremely obese” and couldn’t take off. This additional weight left her unable to fly, though experts began to wonder how she got so fat in the first place. Because it’s rather unusual for wild birds to reach such a state, they decided to keep her a few weeks and monitor her.In the end, the rescuers assessed that it was simply a case of “natural obesity”. December 2019 was quite warm, which meant that there were many insects for the bird to feast upon. Indeed, the owl was discovered in a field that was “filled with field mice” due to the usual climate. “It’s been very mild here, and the owl is able to find foods easily,” Samkin explained. With the sudden food, “she ly ate much and got very fat. She had a lovely time, but went too far.”The researchers consequently put the owl on a “strict diet” so she could shrink to a more “natural weight”. She was even put on a bit of exercise and encouraged to fly around. In the end, the bird was sent flying gracefully off into the British countryside at a much healthier and happier weight. Hopefully, this owl won’t come upon another feast of field mice—unless she wants another few weeks at the fat camp.4. What did people think happened to the owl at first?A. She was hurt.B. She was trapped.C. She was hungry.D. She was wet.5. Why was the bird unable to fly?A. She needed a thorough checkup.B. She should be given a drying-off.C. She was completed overweight.D. She was simply extremely strong.6. What made the owl have enough foods?A. The especially warm weather.B. The reducing number of insects.C. The rich fields growing crops.D. The lovely time the bird enjoyed.7. How did the owl loseits weight?A. Going on a diet and exercising.B. Flying in the British countryside.C. Visiting that fat camp again.D. Enjoying her wonderful feast freely.CScientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.Scientists studied epaulette sharks, which live off Australia and New Guinea. They found that warmer conditions sped up the sharks’ growing process. That meant the sharks were born earlier and very tired. The findings could be used in the study of other sharks, including those that give birth to live young.The scientists studied 27 sharks. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures, about 27 degrees Celsius. Others were raised in higher temperatures around 29 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. They found that the sharks raised in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures. They also showed reduced energy levels.Epaulette sharks can grow to a length of about one meter. Their name comes from large spots on their bodies that look like decorations on some military clothing.One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanie sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018. Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change and pollution also threaten shark.Carolyn Wheeler is a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia. She was the lead author of the epaulette shark study. She said that while all the sharks survived, those raised in warmer temperatures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild.She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual “they are probably going to have to start looking for food sooner—and they’re going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.” The study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.8. In what aspect do the warmer conditions affect the baby sharks?A. Their food.B. Their body weight.C. Their living habits.D. Their moving route.9. How did the scientists carry out their study?A. By studying former data.B. By tracking sharks in the wild.C. By collecting information about climate change.D. By comparing sharks in waters of different temperatures10. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A. The origin of sharks’ names.B. The sharks’ appearance.C. The threats to sharks’ survival.D. The sharks’ living environment.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Scientists Raise Sharks to Deal with ProblemsB. Global Warming Has Reduced Shark PopulationsC. Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming OceansD. Scientists Are Struggling to Save Sharks from ExtinctionDKamikatsu, a small town in Japan, has shown the world that our garbage has far-reaching effects, and not just on our environment.Theexperiment in going zero waste started when the town built a new incinerator 20 years ago. But almost immediately, the incinerator was determined to be a health risk due to the poisonous gases when garbage was burned in it. It was too expensive to send waste to other towns, so locals had to come up with a new plan. Then the Zero Waste Academy was born, which helped perform this plan.Now Kamikatsu people separate their waste into 45 different categories. But in the beginning, it wasn't easy to convince local people to do all this work, and there was somepushback. Only after that initial education period did most residents come on board.This is all great news for waste reduction of course, but it has also had some unexpected social benefits as well. Like much of Japan, Kamikatsu's population is aging, and about 50 percent of the locals are elderly. The fact that the whole community takes their trash in to be recycled has created a local action and interaction between generations.That idea has been purposefully expanded to include a circular shop where household goods are dropped off and others can take them, and a tableware "library" where people can borrow extra cups, glasses, silverware and plates for celebrations."The elderly see this not as a waste-collection service, but an opportunity to socialize with the younger generation and to chat. When we visit them, they prepare lots of food and we stay with them for a while, we ask how they are," Sakano, the founder of the Zero Waste Academy, said.Sakano's ideas are truly revolutionary if you think about it. She's proving that community can be found through handling the stuff we no longer want and need.12. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?A. What harmful effects garbage burning has.B. Why garbage sorting is necessary in Japan.C. How the idea of zero waste was put forward.D. What the Zero Waste Academy functions as.13. What does the underlined word "pushback" probably mean?A. Inactive response.B. Generous reward.C. Bitter suffering.D. Beneficial guidance.14. What is a bonus of the zero waste project?A. Reducing waste.B. Creating community.C. Increasing people's income.D. Developing a new technology.15. Which part of a newspaper is this text most likely from?A. Technology.B. Health.C. Workplace.D. Lifestyle.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

闵行区2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷T. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an art exhibit.C. In a painting studio.2. A. Visit her sister's house.C. Go to the train station.3. A. She should get pork and chicken.C. She should get chicken and vegetables.4. A. The man didn't fail by much.C. The man had a really high grade.5. A. Tt cost more than he thought it would.C. It isn't a very good one.6. B.In a bakery.D. In a clothing store.B.Give the man a ride.D. Check the time.B.She is quite mixed up.D. She shouldn't eat any meat.B.The man completely failed the exam.D. The man's grade was low but passing.B.He would like to sell it.D.He got it for a low price.B.He wished he had asked Matthew before.C.Matthew wanted to leave in the morning.D.Matthew planned the party himself.6. A. She'll work part-time at the banquet.B.She'll try to find a blanket for her guest.C.She's still looking fbr a guest speaker.D.She lives too far away to come to the dinner.7. A. The teacher described what the students should do.B.The teacher would punish the students being late.C.The teacher required an outline.D.The teacher was late fbr the first class.8. A. Be understanding toward the woman.B.Lower the woman's final grade.C.Work hard to get an extension.D.Expect the woman to finish her paper first.9. A. She should have gone to Jane's presentation.A. He is surprised that Matthew changed his mind.B.Jane didn't appear nervous at all during her presentation.C.Jane needs to take more lessons in public speaking.D.She didn't understand Jane's presentation at all.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation -will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Restart the speech as it has been planned.B. Ignore the mistakes.C. Make a wise apology.D. Stop for a moment and get the place right. 15. A. To illustrate good way to deliver a speech.B. To emphasize the importance of repetition.C. To indicate listeners 9 attention on the message itself.D. To warn people of the obvious mistakes in the speech. 16. A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker. B. How to Make a Perfect Speech.C. Don't Expect a Perfect Speech.D. Don't Forgive Mistakes in a Speech.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Tt was in the wrong size. B. It was dirty inside.C. Tt shrank a lot.D. Tt was the wrong color. 18. A. Change the sweater for a different one.B. Offer the man a free gift as compensation.C. Return the man's money.D. Talk about the matter with the manager. 19. A. Because the store is closing soon.B. Because the return period had passed.C. Because the man didn't have a receipt.D. Because the sweater was broken.20. A. The man is able to exchange the sweater.B. The man left the store without the sweater.C. The woman gave the man a refund.D. The woman promised to raise the service quality. TL Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections:，"。

2020-2021学年上海市闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWe are proud to present a showcase for kid inventions from children chosen from the Kid's Forum at Blue Print Earth. We hope you enjoy the ideas expressed here and join us in supporting the next generation.Eater of Natural DisastersMy invention cansave your home by sucking up all-natural disasters. The government will not own this machine, but by you so there will be no taxes on it. Order Now! The Eater of Natural Disasters will run on renewable batteries. It will cost 50 dollars to make and I will sell it for just $ 75.Created by Matthew Szekeresh —Mt.WashingtonElementary, 5th Grade.Pick-up-Pollution BombMy invention is called the Pick-up-Pollution Bomb. It will just pick up pollution and it won't hurt anything else like people, animals, property, playgrounds, and parks. The reason why I made it is that I think there is too much pollution on the Earth. It sells for $100 apiece, and if you buy this now, I will send you another one for free.Created gratefully by Lauren Newberry — Mt. Washington Elementary, 5th GradeFlying HouseMy invention is a home that will blast off in space. For example, if there were an earthquake people would immediately blast off, or if there were a flood it would take off. Only for $ 400.99.Created by David Turner —Mt.WashingtonElementary, 5th GradeBug RobotMy invention is a robot that catches little bugs, eats little bugs, sucks up pollution, sucks up natural disasters, and turns them into food solving the problems of too many little bugs, natural disasters, pollution and starvation. My product is worth $500. My invention works on 2 triple — A batteries. And if you order one today I'll throw in 4 rechargeable triple-A batteries.Created by Cassie Courtey —Mt.WashingtonElementary, 5th Grade1. Why is the Flying House created?A. To explore the space.B. To clean the air.C. To prepare people for earthquakes.D. To help people escape from natural disasters.2. Which invention can turn pollution into food?A. The Bug Robot.B. The Pick-up-Pollution Bomb.C. The Flying House.D. The Eater of Natural Disasters.3. What can we infer about the four inventions?A. They are very easy to build.B. They are ideas from kids in the same school.C. They are expensive but of practical use.D. They are being used by people.BAge has never been a problem for 16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree.The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon after. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, which is for people who were forced to leave their homes because of earthquake, flood and other natural disasters.At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for church events and leadership meetings.She doesn’t stop there, though. The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took fights all the time. Her goal is to use it to help pilots deal with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off — a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it’s a mix of two of her interests.In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group at church. She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and in the future aims to help business owners with trends. Her third book The Genius Race is designed to help people to be talents in various areas of life.4. Which of the following is TRUE about Thessalonika?A. When she was 6 years old, she started homeschooling.B. She gained her master’s degree at the age of 11.C. She majored in science and technology.D. In 2013 she got her bachelor’s degree through completing courses online.5. What is her next plan according to the passage?A. Major in aviation psychology.B. Deliver inspiring speeches for church events and leadership meetings.C. Be active in her youth group at church.D. Write another book to help people to be talents.6. Why does she write the book Jump the Education Barrier?A. It aims to help people to be geniuses.B. It is intended to give students a hand to complete college.C. It is designed to arouse people’s awareness of psychology.D. The author hope to share her own experience with others.7. Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?A. The Story of ThessalonikaB. To be a talentC. Three Published BooksD. HomeschoolingCThe Gata used to look annoyed when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, an area of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now they're actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they've lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months, they haven’t paid a cent.ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions (住宅开发项目) in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low power appliances and solar panels.Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of traditional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and keeping indoor warmth winter.The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don't just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility's power grid(电网). The residents are billed by “net metering”: they pay for the amount of power that they get from the grid, minus the kilowatts(千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it's not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. "It helps us lower usage at peak power times," says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.”What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or more to the purchase price of ahouse. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be extremely expensive. For the consumer, it's a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the power bill.8. Why is the Gata eager to see their electricity bills now?A. They want to cut down their utility' expenses.B. They want to know if they are able to pay.C. They want to see how much they have saved.D. They want to avoid being overcharged.9. What is special about the ZEH communities?A. They are built in harmony with the environment.B. They have created cutting edge technologies.C. They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.D. They aim to be independent in power supply.10. What does the "net metering" practice mean to the power company?A. More pressure at peak timeB. Reduced operational costs.C. Increased electricity output.D. Less profits in the short term.11. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community __________.A. is a worthy investment in the long runB. is but a dream for average consumersC. gives the owner great tax benefitsD. contributes toenvironmental protectionDThe air is thin and we have to rest several times on the shore hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we stay here.Tibetan antelopes live mainly on the plains of Tibet. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I'm struck by their beauty. I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted illegally for their valuable fur.My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a safe place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We're not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we're trying to save ourselves.”In the 1980s and 1990s the population of Tibetan antelopes dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways werebuilt.In order to save Tibetan antelopes, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope wasremovedfrom the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection program since the threat to the Tibetan antelope has not yet disappeared. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.12. What can we learn from Zhaxi's words in paragraph 3?A. Protecting the animals can make money.B. Protecting the animals is protecting ourselves.C. He is not fond of protecting the animals.D. The reserve is only safe for wild animals.13. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4?A. Why hunters hunt Tibetan antelopes.B. Why antelopes' living places changed.C. Why antelopes' number dropped greatly.D. Why the 1980s and the 1990s are unusual.14. What does the underlined word “removed” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Deleted.B. Changed.C. Migrated.D. Recognized.15. What might be the future condition of Tibetan antelopes according to the last paragraph?A. They will be over-populated.B. They will be a threat to man and other wildlife.C. They will be on the endangered species list again.D. They will be in harmony with nature and humans.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市闵行区2020届高三一模考试英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it. read the Jour possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an art exhibit. B. In a bakery.C. In a painting studio.D. In a clothing store.2. A. Visit her sister's house. B. Give the man a ride.C. Go to the train station.D. Check the time.3. A. She should get pork and chicken. B. She is quite mixed up.C. She should get chicken and vegetables.D. She shouldn't eat any meat.4. A. The man didn't fail by much. B. The man completely failed the exam.C. The man had a really high grade.D. The man's grade was low but passing.5. A. It cost more than he thought it would. B. He would like to sell it.C. It isn't a very good one.D. He got it for a low price.6. A. He is surprised that Matthew changed his mind.B. He wished he had asked Matthew before.C. Matthew wanted to leave in the morning.D. Matthew planned the party himself.7. A. She'll work part-time at the banquet.B. She'll try to find a blanket for her guest.C. She's still looking for a guest speaker.D. She lives too far away to come to the dinner.8. A. The teacher described what the students should do.B. The teacher would punish the students being late.C. The teacher required an outline.D. The teacher was late for the first class.9. A. Be understanding toward the woman.B. Lower the woman's final grade.C. Work hard to get an extension.D. Expect the woman to finish her paper first.10. A. She should have gone to Jane's presentation.B. Jane didn't appear nervous at all during her presentation.C. Jane needs to take more lessons in public speaking.D. She didn't understand Jane's presentation at all.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will he asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will he read twice, hut the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based oil the following passage.11. A. Animals yawn for a number of reasons.B. Yawning results only from fatigue or boredom.C. Human yawns are the same as those of other animals.D. Only social animals yawn.12. A. When they are swimming. B. When they are quarreling.C. When they are socializing.D. When they are eating.13. A. To exercise the jaw muscles. B. To eliminate boredom.C. To get greater strength for attacking.D. To gain more oxygen.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Restart the speech as it has been planned.B. Ignore the mistakes.C. Make a wise apology.D. Stop for a moment and get the place right.15. A. To illustrate good way to deliver a speech.B. To emphasize the importance of repetition.C. To indicate listeners' attention on the message itself.D. To warn people of the obvious mistakes in the speech.16. A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker. B. How to Make a Perfect Speech.C. Don't Expect a Perfect Speech.D. Don't Forgive Mistakes in a Speech.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It was in the wrong size. B. It was dirty inside.C. It shrank a lot.D. It was the wrong color.18. A. Change the sweater for a different one.B. Offer the man a free gift as compensation.C. Return the man's money.D. Talk about the matter with the manager.19. A. Because the store is closing soon.B. Because the return period had passed.C. Because the man didn't have a receipt.D. Because the sweater was broken.20. A. The man is able to exchange the sweater.B. The man left the store without the sweater.C. The woman gave the man a refund.D. The woman promised to raise the service quality.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After trading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best Jits each blank.Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And ___21___ more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53%) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46%) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime___22___ we eating together, 74%, according to statistics from the report."I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, ___23___ (look) up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often ___24___ (work) through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on ___25___ shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis ___26___ he wants to have a little interaction. “I reflect on ___27___ my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work ___28___ (refresh) and with a plan.''That freedom ___29___ (choose) is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, ___30___ company provided the statistics for the report.『答案』21. like 22. are 23. looking 24. works 25. the 26. if/when 27. how 28. refreshed 29. to choose 30. whose『解析』本文是一篇说明文，介绍了统计数据显示近一半的美国人喜欢独自就餐并分析了原因。

2019-2020学年上海市闵行中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThere are different types of money-saving apps, such as JD Finance, Yu’E Bao, Ant Financial, and all of them work in different ways. Here are 3 of the best apps that can help you save much money.Capital One ShoppingCapital One Shopping can compare prices automatically as you shop online. As you add items to your cart at an online seller, this app will search the web for better deals and coupon codes(优惠码). You can follow the links to other sellers offering a better price and use the available codes tosave. You can even use this app while shopping at physical shops.ParibusThere’s nothing more upsetting than buying something and then seeing it for sale at a lower price a few days later. Wouldn’t it be nice to get that money back? Now you can. Paribus helps you get money back by tracking your purchases from major stores and discussing refunds. It also helps you get compensated (补偿) for late deliveries and makes sure you don’t leave it too late to return anything you bought.DigitIf you can’t figure out how much you can afford to save, Digit will analyze your spending habits and spare a certain amount to your savings. If the appknows you have spare money to save, then it will be moved automatically, and if you don’t, it will stop, so there’s no risk of being left with no cash for the basics. You can sign up for a free trial for a month, and after that, the monthly service charge is $5.1. If you want your money back, what app will you choose?A. Digit.B. Paribus.C. Yu’E Bao.D. Capital One Shopping.2. What can you do by using Digit?A. Offer the most favorable price.B. Track detailed information of goods.C. Analyze spending habits to save money.D. Compare prices of products while shopping.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce useful apps for saving money.B. To advertise various products online.C. To improve the power of spending.D. To help to manage spare money.BOver the years, NASA has successfully sent several rovers (飞行器) to Mars. While the science laboratories continue to provide important information on the Red Planet, they keep the space exploration rovers staying closeto the original landing place.To get a more comprehensive (详尽的) view of Mars, the US Space Agency plans to make a small test helicopter with the Mars 2020 Rover, which will be sent off in July 2020.The football-sized “marscopter” weighs about four pounds.It can fly at about ten times the speed of helicopters on Earth. The light weight and fast speed are important for the helicopter to be able to fly in the thin Mars atmosphere, which is about just one percent of that of Earth. “To make it fly in that thin Mars atmosphere, we had to make everything ready, and make it as light as possible while being as strong and powerful as it can possibly be. “Mimi Aung, Mars helicopter project manager, said in a meeting.Upon landing on the Red Planet, the Mars 2020 Rover will find a proper location to send of the helicopter. The helicopter will start with a short climb, no higher than 10 feet, and hover (盘旋) for just 30 seconds before landing back on the Mars surface. If all goes well, five more flights of longer distances, for 90 seconds each, will be conducted over the next 30 days. The short journeys will be recorded by a small camera and sent back to the scientists on Earth.If the plan goes on well, the first helicopter to fly in another world, will open up a whole new way to explore Mars. The Mars helicopter's first flight will be a great invention. For those of us whose research is about flight, that would be a wonderful, historic moment.4. To fly in thin Mars atmosphere，we should make the helicopter_______.A. strong and heavyB. heavy and fastC. light and fastD. strong and slow5. How many times will the helicopter fly?A. Three timesB. Four timesC. Five timesD. Six times6. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. It’s interesting to fly in another world.B. I' s important to fly in another world.C. The plan to fly the helicopter goes on well.D. The helicopters first flight is successful.7. What may be the best title for the passage?A. To send a helicopter to Mars in 2020B. To send a rover to Mars in 2020C. To live in the thin Mars atmosphereD. To send back records to scientistsCWhen I was trying to find a place where to spend my December holidays, I met by chance some cheap flights to Iceland. After checking just a few winter pictures of Iceland, I realized that the country, known as the land of fire and ice, during the cold months of the year could offer me experiences I had never had before.For sure you can’t miss the chance to go to Iceland in winter if your traveling wish list includes at least one of the crazy experiences Iceland can offer. Iceland in the North Atlantic Ocean is a paradise (乐园) for all those who want to see the northern lights, experience cold weather conditions and put themselves in geothermal (地热的) baths while the snow is falling on their head.The best way to move around Iceland is with a rental car. Distances are huge and public transport in winter is not really common out of the major towns. As we wanted to be even more convenient we decided to rent a small camper (野营车). Sleeping and cooking in a camper saved us a lot of driving, money and gave us the chance tobe always in the right place at the right time.There were also no locals and in many cases no tourist facilities (设备). For us, as we slept in a camper, it was easier. But for tourists traveling by normal cars it is necessary to check the opening times ofhotels and restaurants as many of them run just from June to September.It is amazing to experience how the weather is changing in Iceland. However, Icelanders prefer to stay inside their houses. They have even no time to complain about the weather in December. All they care about is Christmas. They love to decorate their houses, sing Christmas songs and eat typical Christmas food.8. Why is Iceland famous as the land of fire and ice?A. Because tourists would like to play with fire on the ice.B. Because it is too dry to easily cause fire to happen.C. Because it is hot inside a house and cold outside.D. Because there exist hot springs and freezing ice.9. What did the author think of the rented camper?A. It was not only practical but also economical.B. It was convenient but cost them more money.C. It provided the best chance to see the new country.D. It was much faster than other public transport.10. What does the last paragraph imply?A. The Icelanders prefer to live with their family.B. The joy of Christmas drives the freezing weather away.C. December is the coldest month of the year.D. The Icelanders are always positive and stay outside.11. What does this passage most probably come from?A. A textbookB. A scientific reportC. A travel magazineD. A news reportD“Snowplow(扫雪机) parenting” is the newest parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, calling their college kids to wake them up so that they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.“‘Helicopter (直升机) parenting’ means monitoring their kids’ every activity,which is out of date.” Claire Cain Miller and Jonah Engel Bromwich wrote in The New York Times. “Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: clearing any problems in their children’s path to success so that they don’t have to meet failure or lose opportunities.”There is a mother who started a charity in her son’s name to try to raise his chances of being accepted to the college. Another parents spent years helping their daughter avoid foods with sauce, which she didn’t like. Once she got to college, she had problems with the food in her school because it was all covered in sauce.A survey says that three-quarters of parents of children between the ages of 18 and 28 ask for doctor visits or haircuts for their children, and 11% say they would call their kids’ bosses whether their children are having an issue at work.As reported, wealthy parents try to get their children into top colleges by giving a large amount of money to a school, such as paying for a building. This parenting has become the most popular way to raise children, whatever the income, education, or race is.Julie, a teacher at Stanford, told the Times that “snowplow parenting” is not a reasonable approach. “The parents should prepare the kid for the road, instead of preparing the road for the kid,” she said.12. How does Julie like “snowplow parenting”?A. It is unreasonable.B. It is advanced.C. It is accepted by teachers.D. It is refused by rich people.13. What is the character of “helicopter parenting”?A. Parents make kids popular.B. Parents provide little money for kids.C. Parents ask kids to care for themselves.D. Parents watch over kids’ every activity.14. What should parents do according to Julie?A. Do as wealthy parents do.B. Make kids be prepared.C. Make roads be prepared.D. Do as little as possible.15. What’s the best title for the text?A. Helicopter Parenting.B. The Similarity in Parenting.C. A Research on Parenting.D. A New Kind of Parenting.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海闵行中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe “laugh out loud” face is officially the world’s most popular emoji, according to researchers from Adobe (ADBE) who surveyed 7,000 users across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, and South Korea.The “thumbs up” emoji came in second, followed by the “red heart” emoji. The flirtatious “wink and kiss” and “sad face with a tear” emojis respectively rounded out the top five.The software maker on Thursday released the findings from its 2021 Global Emoji Trend Report ahead of World Emoji Day on Saturday.Adobe’s latest Emoji Trend report also examined the three most misunderstood emojis in the world. The “eggplant” symbol edged out the “peach” and the “clown” emojis respectively as the most confusing for users.The vast majority of emoji users (90%) believe the modern —day hieroglyphs make it easier for them to express themselves. Eighty — nine percent of respondents said emojis simplify communicating across language barriers. And 67% said they think people who use emojis are friendlier, funnier and cooler than those who don’t. A slight majority of respondents said they are more comfortable expressing emotions through emojis than talking on the phone or in —person. More than half of global emoji users (55%) said using emojis in communications has positively impacted their mental health. Seventy — six percent of those surveyed said emojis are an important communication tool for creating unity, respect and understanding. And 88% said they feel more empathetic toward people who use emojis.1.What are the three most popular emojis according to the passage?A.clown thumbs up laugh out loudugh out loud thumbs up wink and kissugh out loud thumbs up red heartD.thumbs up red heart sad face with a tear2.Which emoji is the most confusing one for users?A.Peach.B.Eggplant.C.Clown.D.Wink and kiss.3.Which of the following best describes the attitude of most people surveyed to emojis?A.Favorable.B.Passive.C.Indifferent.D.Doubtful.BMy sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups inAmerica.Now there even groups inEngland,Australia, andIndia! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.One day, it will be.4. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?A. They made the town smelly.B. They made the town unhealthy.C. They made the town dirty.D. They made the town poor.5. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.B. Stop people buying cigarettes.C. Pick up the cigarette butts.D. Win prizes for starting groups.6. From the passage we can know that _____.A. no companies wanted to give money to themB. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner placeC. There are only 45”No Butts About It”D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes27. Which is the best tittle for the passage?A. Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.B. Buy Yourself An Ashtray.C. Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.D. No Butts Prize.CHappiness is not a warm phone, according to anew study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions."The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness inU. S.teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.8. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?A. Calculating students' happiness.B. Asking students certain questions.C. Analyzing data from a survey.D. Doing experiments on screen time.9. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3?A. By making a comparison.B. By giving an example.C. By making an argument.D. By introducing a concept.10. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To draw a conclusion from the study.B. To offer some advice to the readers.C. To prove social activities' importance.D. To support the researchers' finding.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Quitting Phones Equals HappinessB. Screen Time Should Be BannedC. Teens' Lives Have Changed SharplyD. Screen-addicted Teens Are UnhappierDIn 2002, young Elon Musk tried unsuccessfully to buy Russian rockets to help him send mice to Mars and back. Afterwards, the youngmillionaire decided to build his own rockets.Musk went to Southern California and started hiring people to help bring his dream to life. In a very short time, and despite some failures, his company SpaceX launched Falcon 1, the first successful privately-built liquid fuel rocket, into Earth's orbit in 2008.As the first Falcon rocket began testing, development was already underway for the Falcon 9. This much larger rocket, which uses nine engines to lift heavy payloads（有效载荷）into orbit, is engineered to return to Earth, ready to be reused for another flight.For Musk, space is the final destination. To help people get there, his company Neuralink is developing devices that will link people's brains with computers. A similar device has been developed at the University of Utah. It consists of a chip（芯片）with 256 threads（线程）that is placed between a person's skin and brain. The threads attach directly to brain tissue（脑组织）.Patients who have the device are able to use only their minds to communicate with one another through computers.Neuralink's chips will have about 1,000 threads. A robot developed by the company will place up to ten chips under a person's skin. The chips will communicate without wires but with a tiny device that will be worn behindthe person's ear. That device, in turn, will communicate with computers. The primary market for the technology will be for people that, because of injuries or birth defects, cannot control their hands and arms. With Neuralink^ product, they'll be able to mentally command a computer to type messages for them or carry out other tasks.12. According to this article, what was the first Falcon 1 able to do?A. Launch big satellites.B. Reach distant moons.C. Move around our planet.D. Study the universe.13. What does the article explain about Neuralink's chips?A. How they'll be set up.B. What safety features they'll have.C. How much money they'll earn.D. Where they'll be produced.14. According to this article, who is Neuralink going to market its product to first?A. Those who own great wealth.B. Those who are physically disabled.C. Those who travel internationally.D. Those who do research on plants.15. In which publication is this article most likely to appear?A. The Journal of Environmental Studies.B. Advances in Business and Technology.C. Digest of Fashion and Entertainment News,D. Consumer's Guide to Outdoor Recreation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections： After trading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word： for the other blanks， use one word that best Jits each blank.1. Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself， quietly reading her e﹣book as she waits for her salad． What is she reading？ None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” tim e． And （1）________more Americans，she’s not alone．A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America． More than half （53%）have breakfast alone and nearly half （46%） have lunch by themselves． Only at dinnertime （2）________we eating together， 74%， according to statistics from the report．“I prefer to go out and be out． Alone， but together， you know？” Bechtel said，（3）________（look） up from her book． Bechtel， who works in downtown West Palm Beach， has lunch with coworkers sometimes， but like many of us， too often （4）________（work） through lunch at her desk． A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on （5）________shoulder． She returns to work feeling energized．“Today， I just wanted some time to myself，” she said．Just two seats over， Andrew Mazoleny， a local videographer， is finishing his lunch at the bar． He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first﹣name basis （6）________he wants to have a little interaction． "I reflect on （7）________my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，" he said．"It’s a chance for self﹣reflection． You return to work （8）________（refresh）and with a plan．’’That freedom （9）________（choose） is one reason more people like to eatalone． There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one， but those days are over． Now， we have our smartphones to keep us company atthe table．“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt，（10）________company provided the statistics for the report．【答案】like,are,looking,works,the,if/when,how,refreshed,to choose,whose【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间．【解答】1. 1ike，考查介词，表示“像更多的美国人一样，她并不孤单．”，所以用介词like．2． are，考查主谓一致，主语为we，所以用are eating作谓语，故填are，本句为倒装句．3. 1ooking，考查现在分词，句子主语和look之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词做状语．故填looking．4． works，考查主谓一致，主语为who，指代先行词Bechtel，和前面的works用but连接两个谓语．故填works．5． the，考查固定搭配，tap sb on the shoulder敲某人的肩膀，故填the．6． if/when，考查连词，根据句意“他喜欢安静地坐着看电话，如果（当）他想和一个叫他名字的酒保聊聊天的话，他说：”我想一想我的一天过去了，想一想这周剩下的时间．“”，可知用if或when引导时间状语从句．7． how，考查宾语从句，在宾语从句中作方式状语，所以用how引导．8． refreshed，考查形容词，修饰主语，所以用形容词“精神振奋的”，故填refreshed．9． to choose，考查不定式，freedom后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to choose．10． whose，考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为人Laurie Demeritt，在非限制性定语从句中作定语，所以用whose引导．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Time： is there ever enough of it？In today’s modern world， most of us are （1）_______ with so﹣called time﹣saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home． But why do we still feel busier？A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth” of being busy suggests that while （2）_______ brought us convenience， it also brought us new headaches． Consider the idea of FOMO （fear of missing out）． Knowing exactly what we’re missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the （3）_______ of our time and our ability to use it effectively．While being informed is important， it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times． If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter， turn off the phoneand take a mental break． Practice JOMO （joy of missing out）， a（n）（4）_______ on life that’s a direct contradiction to FOMO．Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds” and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment．Another thing technology has （5）_______ us is the blurring （难以区分）between work and downtime． While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible，it’s also harder to turn off at the end of the day．Always being “on” is a（n）（6）_______ state of mind． Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed．Of course， if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck，working long hours has long been a （7）_______ strategy．But if you don’t have passion for your job or care about what you do， you might just be working yourself into more （8）_______．People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure dependingon their passion． If most of the hours are spent doing something you don’t feel （9）_______ about，it’s no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time． Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress． Therefore， your time management goal shouldn’t be to figure out how to do more， but （10）_______ to figure out how to want less．【答案】J,A,E,H,G,K,I,B,F,C【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述现代社会中人的时间不够用，大家都有时间问题，因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，而应该是找出如何减少需求．【解答】（1） J ，考查句意，根据句意“在当今的现代世界里，我们大多数人都有幸拥有所谓的省时装置和技术进步，在办公室和家里都少工作”，可知要填的词为“blessed ”，be blessed with幸运地享有．（2） A ，考查句意，根据句意“德里克•汤普森关于忙碌的”神话“的研究表明，虽然现代性给我们带来了便利，但也给我们带来了新的头痛”，可知要填的词为“modernity现代性”．（3） E，考查句意，根据句意“确切地知道我们错过了什么让我们感到内疚或焦虑我们的时间限制和我们的能力，有效地使用它．”，可知要填的词为“limits 限制”．（4） H ，考查句意，根据句意" Practice JOMO（错过的快乐），一种与FOMO 直接矛盾的人生观“，可知要填的词为” outlook 人生观"．（5） G ，考查句意，根据句意“技术赋予我们的另一件事是工作和停工之间的模糊”，可知要填的词为“gifted 白送”．（6） K，考查句意，根据句意“总是”工作“是一种令人筋疲力尽的精神状态”，可知要填的词为" exhausting令人筋疲力尽的"．（7） I ，考查句意，根据句意“当然，如果你想提升公司的地位，获得更高的薪水，长时间工作一直是一种受人青睐的策略”，可知要填的词为“favored 受宠的”．（8） B ，考查句意，根据句意“但是如果你对工作没有激情，也不关心自己做什么，你可能只是在让自己陷入更多的痛苦中”，可知要填的词为“misery痛苦”．（9） F ，考查句意，根据句意“如果大部分时间花在做一些你不感兴趣的事情上，难怪你开始感到失控和焦虑，控制你的时间可以缓解这种精神压力”，可知要填的词为" passionate热情的．（10）C，考查句意，根据句意“因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，而应该是找出如何减少需求”，可知要填的词为“instead而”．III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are Jour words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best Jits the context.The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the co ncept of peer pressure． It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to actor believe in a（n）（1）_______ way as a larger group． This influence can be negativeor positive, and can exist in both large and small groups．People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly （2）_______ that some part of their self﹣respect comes from the approval of others． This instinct explains why the approval of peers, and the fear of （3）_______, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives． This instinct drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true． There is a（n）（4）_______aspect to this: it helps society to functionefficiently, and encourages a general level of self﹣discipline that （5）_______day﹣to﹣day interaction between people．For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes a（n）（6）_______: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to （7）_______ their sense of right and wrong． Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that （8）_______criminal behavior． Mature adults may sometimes feel （9）_______ to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debtbecause they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to （10）_______ the peers．However, peer pressure is not always negative． A student whose friends are good at （11）_______ may be urged to work harder and get good grades． Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win． This type of （12）_______ can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one．Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so （13）_______ that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior． For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with a（n）（14）_______ isrisky． Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, and whether the real （15）_______ is simply that everyone else is doing the same thing．（1）A.traditionalB.similarC.peculiarD.opposite（2）A.understandableB.believableC.acceptableD.surprising（3）A.disapprovalB.failureC.absenceD.independence（4）A.uncertainB.practicalC.impossibleD.vague（5）A.promotesB.preventsC.simplifiesD.increases（6）A.challengeB.inspirationC.promiseD.addiction（7）A.recognizeB.abandonC.decreaseD.define（8）A.avoidB.encourageC.declineD.punish（9）A.pressuredB.respectedC.delightedD.regretted（10）A.catch sight ofB.stay away fromC.make fun ofD.keep up with（11）petitionsB.interactionC.academicsD.adaptation（12）A.knowledgeB.interestC.assistanceD.influence（13）A.abstractB.ridiculousC.subtleD.reasonable（14）A.consciousnessB.motivationC.instinctD.encouragement（15）A.motivationB.dangerC.supportD.achievement【答案】BDABCDBBADCDCCA【考点】社会文化【解析】本文主要讲述了“同伴压力”（peer pressure），人作为社会人，总要受到他人的评价和认同，他人的评价和认同对人的行为造成很大的影响．这也可以解释﹣﹣为什么有些人在家里的表现和在外面的表现不一样？在家里可以穿拖鞋很随意，在外面却要西装革履待人接物均符合社会准则．【解答】（1） B．考查形容词．traditional 传统的；similar 相似的；peculiar 怪异的；奇怪的；不寻常的；opposite 相反的，相对的，此处表示“它是对个人施加的一种社会影响，目的是使个人以类似于更大群体的方式行动或信仰”，因此选B．（2） D．考查形容词．understandable 可以理解的；believable 可以相信的；acceptable 可以接受的；surprising 令人惊讶的，此处表示“人天生就是社会性的生物，所以他们的自尊有一部分来自别人的认可也就不足为奇了”，因此选D．（3） A．考查名词．disapproval 不同意；failure 失败；absence 缺席；independence 独立，此处表示“这种本能解释了为什么同龄人的赞同和对不赞同的恐惧在许多人的生活中是如此强大的力量”，因此选A．（4） B．考查形容词．uncertain 不确定的；practical 实际的；impossible 不可能的；vague 模糊的，此处表示“这有一个实际的方面：它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动．”，因此选B．（5） C．考查动词．promote 提升；prevent 阻止，防止；simplify 简化；increase 增加，此处表示“这有一个实际的方面：它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动．”，因此选C．（6） D．考查名词．challenge 挑战；inspiration 灵感；promise 诺言；addition 加；加法；增加；添加，此处表示“对某些人来说，寻求社会认可是如此重要，以至于它成为了一种附加”，因此选D．（7） B．考查动词．recognize 辨认，承认；abandon 抛弃，遗弃；decrease 减少；define 下定义，此处表示“对某些人来说，寻求社会的接纳是如此重要，以至于它变成了一种补充：为了满足这种欲望，他们可能会放弃自己的是非观”，由此可知答案选B．（8） B．考查动词．avoid 避免；encourage 鼓励；decline 下降；punish 惩罚，此处表示“青少年和年轻人可能感到被迫使用毒品，或加入帮派，鼓励犯罪行为．”，因此选B．（9）A．考查形容词．pressured 有压力的；respected 受人尊敬的；delighted 高兴的；regretted 后悔的，此处表示“成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，不得不掩盖自己工作所在公司的非法活动，或者因为无力抑制购买自己无力负担的房屋或汽车的欲望而负债累累，以努力跟上同龄人的步伐．”，由此可知答案选A．（10） D．考查动词短语．catch sight of 看见；stay away from 远离；make fun of 取笑；keep up with 跟上，赶上，此处表示“成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，不得不掩盖自己工作所在公司的非法活动，或者因为无力抑制购买自己无力负担的房屋或汽车的欲望而负债累累，以努力跟上同龄人的步伐．”，由此可知答案选D．（11） C．考查名词．competition 比赛；interaction 相互作用；academic 学术；adaptation 适应，此处表示“如果一个学生的朋友在学习上很好，他可能会被要求更加努力地学习并取得好成绩．运动队的队员可能会感到有动力更加努力地比赛以帮助球队获胜”，因此选C．（12） D．考查名词．knowledge 知识；interest 兴趣；assistance 协助，援助；influence 影响，此处表示“这种影响也可以让朋友戒毒，或者帮助成年人养成好习惯或者戒掉坏习惯．”，因此选D．（13） C．考查形容词．abstract 抽象的；ridiculous 荒唐的；subtle 微妙的；reasonable 有道理的，此处表示“虽然同龄人的压力有时是相当明显的，但它也可能是如此微妙，以至于一个人甚至可能没有注意到它正在影响他或她的行为．”，由此可知答案选C．（14） C．考查名词．consciousness 意识；motivation 动机；instinct 本能，天性，直觉；encouragement 鼓励，此处表示“因此，在做重要决定时，凭直觉行事是有风险的．”，因此选C．（15） A．考查名词．motivation 动机；danger 危险；support 支持；achievement 成就，功绩，此处表示“相反，人们应该认真考虑为什么他们会对采取某个特定的行动感兴趣，真正的动机是否仅仅是其他人都在做同样的事情”，因此选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read."You can use me as a last resort （选择）．and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse （长曲棍球）club．I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport． She may just need a little persuading． So I try again and ________． I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on…At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright． Yes, I’ll do it．”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many． The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end ﹣ of ﹣ season gifts． Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team． The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season． Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal．Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close． That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give yourtime, money, skills, or services provides a real joy． Volunteering just feels so good．In that sense．I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit． However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1？________A. She knows little about the club．B. She isn’t good at sports．C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer．D. She’s unable to meet her schedule．．（2）What does the underlined phrase" ________" in paragraph 2 mean？________A. Encourage team work．B. Appeal to feelings．C. Promote good deeds．D. Provide advice．．（3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3？________A. She gets interested in lacrosse．B. She is proud of her kids．C. She’ll work for another season．D. She becomes a good helper．．（4）Why does the writer like doing volunteer work？________A. It gives her a sense of duty．B. It makes her very happy．C. It enables her to work hard．D. It brings her material rewards．【答案】CBDB【考点】人生感悟类阅读说明文阅读【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一位母亲因为一次志愿者活动而爱上了做志愿者帮助别人．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段You can use me as a last resort（选择）， and if nobody else volunteers， then I will do it可知从她在第1段的回答中我们可以推断出她只是不想做志愿者；故选C．（2）B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段So I try again and tug at the heartstrings． I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coachinga team that his kids aren’t even on…所以我再试一次感情用事了．我提到有四个孩子的单亲家长在主持这个节目，我还谈到爸爸在指导一个团队，他的孩子甚至不在…上．可知意为感情用事；故选B．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第三段The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule，sends out emails，and collects money for end﹣of﹣season gifts可知我们能从第3段中了解到她成为一个好帮手；故选D．（4）B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit． However， if others benefit in the process可知作者喜欢做志愿者工作它使她非常快乐；故选B（You may read the questions first．）（1）What is the theme of this year’s competition？________A.Technology advances science．B.Science interacts with technology．C. Science has made the study of history easy．D. Technology has improved the life of Americans．．（2）What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement？________A. Include more information in the essay．B. Remove the references．C. Provide a cover for the essay．D. Explain the details with illustrations．．（3）What will the committee of teachers do on February 19？________A. Preview performances and documentaries．B. Make comments on the materials．C. Improve the participant’s first draft．D. Collect a second proposal from the participant．【答案】DAB【考点】广告布告类阅读应用文阅读【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，介绍了一次理解历史大赛，大赛的主题，参赛形式，参赛要求以及一些重要的时间点等等．【解答】（1）D．推理判断题．根据This Year’s Theme部分第一句All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history（参加者必须撰写在整个历史中通信或者交通技术是怎样提高美国人的生活质量的．）可知，今年的竞赛主题是技术促进了美国人生活的提高，故选D．（2）A．推理判断题．根据Essay Writing部分中的第一句An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words． No illustrations （图解） are allowed． Please do not include covers． A list of references must be included（论文要求2000至2500字，不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分）可知，题干中的1500字的论文不符合2000字以上的写作要求，再结合“不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分”等要求，所以必须补充更多的信息．故选A．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章Important Dates中的第三行February 19 A committeeof teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions（二月十九日，教师委员会要评价学生的论文并且给出意见）可知，二月十九日，教师委员会要为学生的论文材料做出评价．故选B．When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals． They suddenly became extinct． Smaller species survived． Thelarge, slow﹣growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted toextinction． Now something similar could be happening in the oceans．That the seas are being overfished has been known for years． What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing． They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world． Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter） of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass overtime． According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators （animals that kill and eat other animals） in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation． In some long﹣fished areas, it has halved again since then．Dr． Worm acknowledges that ________． One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved．Today’s vessels （船）can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago． That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes． In the early days, too, longlines （多钩长线）would have been more filled with fish． Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks （带饵钩）would have been available to trap them, leadingto an underestimate of fish stocks in the past． Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked． That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now．Dr． Myers and Dr． Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account． They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”． The idea is that people havefailed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past． That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield （产量）that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels． Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business．（1）The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________．rge animals were easily hurt in the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC. large sea animals may face the same threat todayD. slow﹣growing fish outlive fast﹣growing ones．（2）By saying ________， Dr． Worm means that________．A. fishing technology has improved rapidlyB. the catch﹣sizes are actually smaller than recordedC. the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossD. the data collected so far are out of date．（3）Dr． Myers and other researchers hold that________．A.people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer timeB.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC. the ocean biomass should restore its original levelD. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation．（4）The writer seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________．A. biomass levelB. management efficiencyC. catch﹣size limitsD. technological application．【答案】CCDA【考点】科教类阅读说明文阅读【解析】文章讲述了研究人员现在指出海洋中由于过度捕捞，鱼类正在减少，说明了鱼类正在减少原因及呼吁改变捕鱼的底线来改变现在的状况．【解答】（1）C．推断题．从文章第一自然段和第二自然段的描写中，我们可知大型史前动物的灭绝的目的是为了表明如今海洋中的大型生物可能也同样遭受着威胁，故选C（2）C．细节题．从文One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved．Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar，可知，这些数字之所以是保守估计，是因为现代科学技术的进步，给捕鱼带来带来了方便，海洋生物已经遭受了更大的破坏，故选C（3）D．推断题．从文章Dr． Myers and Dr． Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline， which future management efforts must take into account．及最后可知，现在绝大多数的渔场的鱼的数量只是以前的一半，甚至更少，所以人们应该调整捕鱼的基线来改变现在状态，故选D（4）A．推断题．文章整个文段都在围绕“海洋生物总量”这个话题展开的，文中多次出现了“biomass”这个词，故选ASection CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A． This can affect your work．B． So how should you motivate yourself？C． However， this should not discourage you．D． So why should we try to set specific goals？E． Without motivation， you can neither set a goal nor reach it．F． Motivation is what you need most to do a good job．Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Sho uld I jump？” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do． Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin．（1）_______ Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided．（2）_______ More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？ First，you need to evaluate yourself， your values， your strengths， your weaknesses， your achievements， your desires， etc． Only then should you set your goals．You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation． This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment． There are times when your heart is notin your work．（3）_______ So， slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment． Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths． Remember that goals are flexible． They can change according to circumstances． They also need to be measurable． You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals．Your personal circumstances are equally important． For example， you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough．（4）_______ You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal．You will surely need to overcome some difficulties， some planned， but most unplanned． You cannot overcome them without ample motivation． Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals．【答案】E,B,A,C【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面，一定要好好把握．【解答】（1）E．推理判断题．根据后文 Like the child on the diving board， you will stay undecided就像跳板上的孩子一样，你会犹豫不决．可知没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能达到目标；故选E．（2）B．推理判断题．根据后文More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现这个目标呢？可知那么，你应该如何激励自己呢；故选B．（3）A．推理判断题．根据前文This is quite important， because it is directly related to your commitment． There are times when your heart is not in your work这是非常重要的，因为它与你的承诺直接相关．有时你的心不在你的工作中．可知这会影响你的工作；故选A．（4）C．推理判断题．根据后文You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourselfto set a fresh goal你应该重新评估你的目标，并激励自己设定一个新的目标．可知然而，这不应使你气馁；故选C．IV. Summary WritingDirections： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Parents everywhere praise their kids． Jenn Berman， author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids、says，“We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict．” By giving kids a lot of praise． Parents think they’re building their children’s confidence， when， in fact， it may be just the opposite． Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way that’s insincere， make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top wheretheir parents’ praise has put them．Still，don’t go too far in the other direction． Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much． Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and， as a result， may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments．So what is the right amount of praise？ Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity． If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward．“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue， author of Parenting Without Fear： Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters．“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters．”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team．But if he’s out there e very day and playing hard， you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses． Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard， cook dinner， or finish a book report． But whatever it is， praise should be proportionate （相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it．【答案】Currently， contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids to often．（高分句型一）（要点一：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子） It is not proper to praise children too much．but they can’t do the opposite．（要点二：表扬过分不合适，但是也不能不表扬）It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．（高分句型二）（要点三：重要的不是数量，而是质量）Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make．（要点四：父母表扬孩子要依据他们的努力结果）【考点】概要写作【解析】高分句型一：Currently，contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids too often．译文：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子．分析：what引导宾语从句．高分句型二：It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．译文：据说重要的不是数量，而是质量．分析：使用It is said that 据说，what引导主语从句．【解答】Currently， contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids to often．（高分句型一）（要点一：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子） It is not proper to praise children too much．but they can’t do the opposite．（要点二：表扬过分不合适，但是也不能不表扬）It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．（高分句型二）（要点三：重要的不是数量，而是质量）Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make．（要点四：父母表扬孩子要依据他们的努力结果）V. TranslationDirections： Translate the fallowing sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.他每次进城都给女儿带礼物．（without）________【答案】He doesn’t go to town without buying her daughter a gift．【考点】汉译英【解析】他每次进城都给女儿带礼物．【解答】答案：He doesn’t go to town without buying her daughter a gift．考查汉译英．1．因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2． go to town进城．你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关．（difference）________【答案】Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not．【考点】汉译英【解析】你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关．【解答】答案：Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not．考查汉译英．1．因表示的是一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时；2． make any difference 任何关系（任何影响）；whether or not无论是…或…；是否．老师让我代表学校致辞，欢迎在座的贵宾们．（arrange）________【答案】The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school（in order） to welcome the distinguished guests present．【考点】汉译英【解析】老师让我代表学校致辞，欢迎在座的贵宾们．【解答】答案：The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school（in order）to welcome the distinguished guests present．考查汉译英．1．因事情已发生，要用一。

2019-2020学年上海闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you truly want to live, you need to get out and see the world. Traveling and living different adventures may become your favorite lifestyle. Here is a brief introduction about the top three destinations to visit in the world. ParisFirst on the list is Paris, France. For some people, this shouldn’t be a surprise. For others, they might consider Paris overrated as it has a reputation for being dirty. Any major city in the world might be thought to be dirty by anyone not living in a city. It comes with the territory. The reason Paris is at the top of this list is not because of its famous attractions but because of its charm. You can spend the day walking around cobblestone streets and enjoy elegant cafes and high-end shopping. When you finish satisfying your appetite, you can relax on the banks of the Seine River.Glacier National ParkGlacier National Park comes in second on the list. It is located in Montana, America. It will be well worth the effort thanks to snow-capped mountains, crystal blue lakes, seventy miles of hiking trails, and thirteen camping areas. If you visit during the summer, you can go swimming or white-water rafting. If you visit during the winter, you can go skiing or snowshoeing. But the real allure (诱惑力) and what you will always remember is the breathtaking scenery and fresh mountain air.Bora BoraThe reason Bora Bora is the third on this list is that it’s expensive, which could limit your other travel plans. If you do make it to this small island paradise, you will find peaceful beaches, jungles, luxury accommodations, turquoise water, and some of the friendliest people you have ever met.Other vacation destinations that should be on your list if you’re living the adventurous lifestyle include London, the South Island of New Zealand, Maui, Tahiti, Tokyo, Barcelona and New York City.1. Tourists can ______ to appreciate the charm of Paris.A. enjoy crystal blue lakesB. visit its famous attractionsC. take a walk around cobblestone streetsD. meet the friendliest people you have ever met2. Which of the following points in Glacier National Park will really attract tourists?A. peaceful beaches.B. White-water rafting.C. Snow-capped mountains.D. Fresh mountain air.3. What’s the purpose of this passage?A. to introduce the top three destinations.B. to compare the top three destinations.C. to encourage people to live an adventurous lifestyle.D. to analyze the good and bad points of the three destinationsBPhotographer Rebecca Douglas has always been fascinated by the night sky. Her love for stars has taken theU.K.resident on “star walking” trips toIcelandand into theArctic, where she steps out onto darkened trails to capture twinkling stars and glowing planets in her images.Hiking at night isn’t uncommon. Plenty of people hike after dark to get to campsites or watch the sunrise from a mountaintop. Star walking goes a step further by blending hiking with stargazing. Rather than heading to an observatory or setting up a telescope in your backyard,star walking takes you on a brief journey to look at the stars from different viewpoints.Whether you’re in the mountainside or by the lake with stars reflecting on the water, star walking is often much more dynamic than traditional stargazing.What’s more, star walking is good for you. There are plenty of studies that show the health benefits of being in nature. Spending at least two hours a week outdoors, particularly while engaging in what involves “effortless attention”, can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and stress levels.So how does an aspiring star walker get started? It doesn’t take much more than a sturdy pair of boots.While telescopes and binoculars obviously have their uses, people are encouraged to start with naked-eye stargazing. Using only the eyes allows one to get lost in the infinite expanse of space and lets the mind go.It is advised that one read up on the night sky before heading out. Free mobile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bodies（天体）and are easy to use—simply point your phone at the sky to reveal a map. Websites like Sky & Telescope and NASA’s Space Place cover the basics, have in-depth explanations on stars, andoffer advice on equipment. Space Place posts monthly skywatching updates, so you can plan outings around events such as meteor showers.In the United States, national parks are great options for inexperienced night hikers. Many offer guided outings that explain the importance of protecting night skies. Those with a good number of walks under their belt may want to try GlacierNational Park in Montana.If national parks and other dark-sky designated areas are out of range, check local astronomy clubs and observatories for guided sessions. Sites like the International Astronomical Union are useful for finding resources by area.At the end of the day, the best advice is to take it slow and enjoy the journey.“With all of the chaos（混乱）that’s happening around us, the one constant has been the night sky,” explains Douglas, who hasbeen exploring popular places nearby, long after the crowds have gone home for the day. “Walking is quite a mindful way of looking up and being reminded that, although everything feels so different, some things are still the same.”4. According to the passage, star walking refers to ________.A. going to an observatoryB. looking at stars in mountainsC. combining hiking and stargazingD. setting up a telescope in the backyard5. One of the reasons why people go on a star walking is that _______.A. it’s easier to identify celestial bodiesB. it is good for physical and mental healthC. they can enjoy the journey without crowdsD. they can raise awareness of protecting night skies6. According to the passage, a star walking beginner is advised to _______.A. prepare a pair of strong bootsB. start by observing with telescopesC. join an astronomy club or an observatoryD. find guided outings with the help of mobile apps7. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. excite people’s interest in star walkingB. recommend some places for star walkingC. explain the health benefits of star walkingD. introduce the preparations for star walkingCWe all use different ways to remember ideas, facts and things we need to store. Remembering is an extremely important part of our learning experience. Information process, storage and recall encourage purposeful learning.But the brain doesn’t store everything we want or need for future use. It makes choices and tends to remember information that forms a memorable pattern. Things you learned recently can be particularly difficult to remember because they haven’t taken root in your mind.“Forgetting allows us to remember what is really important to our survival. We forget much of what we read, watch, and think directly every day.” writes John Medina in his book, Brain Rules.How do you avoid losing 90%of what you’ve learned? An inspiring writer and speaker Zig Ziglar once said: “Repetition is the mother of learning, the father of action, which makes it the architect of accomplishment.”Repetition has been a remembering skill for ages. When you hear or read something once，you don’t really learn it-at least not well enough to store the new information for long. The right kind of repetition can do wonders for your memory. People learn or remember better by repeating things or getting exposed to information many times. Othersrepeat particular steps or processes deliberately a number of times or even years to become better at certain skills.Daniel Coyle explains in his book, The Little Book of Talent:“...closing the book and writing a summary, even short ones, forces you to figure out the key points, process and organize those ideas so they make sense, and write them on the page. When you pick it back up weeks later, reread all of your notes or highlights to strengthen the ideas even further.”People learn by repeating things. Better learning is a repetition process. Every time we repetitively access something we already know, we increase the memory’s stored value.8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The brain tends to store 90% of the things we learn.B. The fresher the information isthe easier to remember.C. Thinking is more important than remembering in study.D. The brain tends to choose and keep what it thinks important.9. How does the writer prove his opinion?A.By giving examples.B. By listing numbers.C. By borrowing words of experts.D. By providing scientific finding.10. What does Daniel Coyle want to say in his book?A. You can’t pay too much attention to repetition.B. Summarizing is a very effective learning tool.C. Forgetting forces human brain to make choices.D. Regular repetition helps to form good habits.11. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. How the Brain WorksB. Reading for MoreC. Fighting Against ForgettingD. Repeat to RememberDChancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne said yesterday he would use the autumn spending review to increase Britain’s￡12bn-a-year aid budget towards humanitarian(人道主义的) causes in the wake of the European refugee(难民) crisis.Britainpromised to spend 0.7 percent of state general product on aid, meaning the budget could rise sharply by the end of the decade as the economy grows.Mr Osborne also said more of the aid budget could be given to help local government with housing costs for incomers, without breaking international guidelines.“We will use the foreign aid budget to help with the costs of these refugees. People ask about the pressure on public services; we’ll have extra money to help with that.”The government was unable to give a figure for how much aid money could be handed to local authorities: it would depend on how many refugees are accepted.David Cameron, Prime Minister, will set out his position on aid for refugees today. It is reported thatBritainwill accept at least 10,000 extra people from camps on theSyriaborder. He will use a statement in the House of Commons to flesh out plans — announced inMadridon Friday — to take more people.A report inThe Sunday Timesthat the UK would take 15,000 Syrians, not far from the 18,000 figure demanded by the EU, was described by “Downing Street” as a “guess”.TheUKwill offer to resettle Syrians directly from refugee camps inJordan,LebanonandTurkey— but not those who have already reached the EU.12. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Britain tried to help refugees.B. People doubtBritain’s kindness.C. Britain tried to explain its behavior.D. Refugees like to live inBritain.13. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A. Britain’s economy grows rapidly.B. Britain will use little of its money to help refugees.C. Most countries are not willing to help refugees.D.Britainwill use more money to help refugees.14. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Britain will use foreign money to help refugees.B. Britain helps refugees following international guidelines.C. Britain will use foreign money to develop themselves.D. People ask to use public service money to help refugees.15. What can we know from the passage?A. Britain can hold 10,000 refugees at most.B. The number of refugees to be received is uncertain.C. House of Commons declare a general plan.D.Britaincan hold 15,000 refugees at most.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市闵行区梅陇中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's just before l pm and hungry guests are starting to emerge out onto the wooden floor at the back of the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge in Zimbabwe. A few have already settled in for lunch, drinking beer and enjoying their sandwiches and salads in the sunshine. It's a normal setting until you look up. Overhead, the sky is filled with several hundred vultures (秃鹭).They too have arrived for their midday snack. Every day the team at this hotel places last night's leftover meat out for the vultures to eat. They call it the "Vulture Restaurant" and it's a vital part of protecting these birds, who have become some of the most endangered species in Africa.In Zimbabwe, where illegal hunting of elephants and rhinos is a major issue, poisoning poses a significant threat to the birds. "In recent years hunters have realized they can use poison to kill animals. It's effective because it's silent and therefore doesn't attract much attention.when the vultures eat the bodies of the dead animals they die too," says Roger Parry, Wildlife Manager at the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust.The Vulture Restaurant initiative is part feeding programme, part education programme. By attracting the birds to the Vulture Restaurant every day the team can ensure they're regularly getting a safe meal, and while the birds are there they can educate tourists from all over the world about these creatures.“Lunch” is served by Moses Garira. He has the unenviable task of wandering out into the middle of the clearing with a box full of meat, dropping the contents onto the ground and running for his life as the vultures fly downward suddenly for their food. No one, surely, would volunteer for this role, but Garira rather enjoys it. Back in the safety of the viewing seats, he tells the onlookers about the importance of vultures. "They're hugely important in terms of their role of cleaning up the bodies of dead animals," says Garira. "Notably, they're safely able to digest bacteria like anthrax. Without vultures, there'd be a lot more disease in the world."1. What's the biggest threat vultures facing in Zimbabwe?A. Overhunting.B. Unsafe food.C. Loss of habitat.D. A bird disease.2. What would others think of Garira's job?A. Scary.B. Relaxing.C. Well-paid.D. Time-consuming3. What do Garira's words mean?A. Birds are human's best friends.B. People know little about vultures.C. Vultures are environmentally favorable.D. Vultures are in urgentneed of protection.B“One person’s trash is another person’s treasure.” That’s a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to makethathappen. It’s called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling.Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom.Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Upcycling is actually much better for the environment. Recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, breaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product. This requires a great deal of energy. On the other hand, when you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own. And upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. Recycling is good for the environment, but upcycling is even better.Upcycling also makes a family’s budget stretch further. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs.As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled.4. Why does the author mention an old saying in the first paragraph?A. To arise reader’s awareness of upcycling.B. To stress the importance of upcycling.C. To lead in the topic of upcycling.D. To show the idea of upcycling.5. Which one below belongs to upcycling?A. An old ladder is transformed into a bookshelf.B. Old tin cans are transported to landfill.C. A broken wooden door is chopped up.D. Old cloth is made into a paper bed.6. What is the difference between recycling and upcycling?A. Upcycling is much more creative.B. Recycling is much easier to achieve.C. Recycling is much more cost-saving.D. Upcycling is much more energy-efficient.7. What can be inferred from the text?A. Upcycling is popular at present.B. Upcycling is replacing recycling.C. Upcycling is worth recommending.D. Upcycling is a tradition in daily life.CMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.8. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous9. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition10. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.11. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chiliesDAlex Wong, a junior atMarkKeppelHigh SchoolinAlhambra,California, is working hard on his application to a top college. His resume shows off his nearly straight A’s in difficult classes, experience at a summer program atStanfordUniversity, Eagle Scout project and time on the soccer team as well as the school choir. But his steady progress stopped unexpectedly this year. Aiming to open access to college-level Advanced Placement (大学预科) courses, his schoolbegan using a computer-based lottery to give out spaces. Alex got shut out of all three of the courses he requested.The new system caused anger among families whose children failed to get into AP courses, which manyconsider important to develop advanced skills, improve grade-point averages and allow students to earn college credit, saving them and their families tuition dollars. Students and parents wrote to administrators to complain, circulated a petition (请愿) and launched a Facebook group for trading classes. “I’M DESPERATE! I’LL GIVE YOU FREE FOOD,” one student, Kirk Hum, posted on the 210-member AP Flea Market Facebook group.AP classes have long been held dear by the most talented and ambitious students.But now they are seen as positive for all students who are willing to push themselves – and schools are increasingly viewing access to them as a basic educational right. But this change has brought challenges.Miracle Vitangcol, a junior atDowntownMagnetsHigh Schoolwith average grades and test scores, is failing her AP US history class. She said she can’t handle the rapid pace and volume of material she needs to remember. But she said she intends to stick it out because the class is teaching her to manage her time, take good notes and work hard. “I’m struggling to adjust,” she said. “But I keep telling myself: ‘It’s OK. You can do it. Just push yourself’.”Some critics worry that the open-access movement is pushing too many unprepared students into AP classes, as shown by higher exam failure rates over the last decade. They also fear that open enrollment (录取) policies are encouraging teachers to weaken courses and give out high grades to students who don’t deserve them. “While expanding access is generally a good thing, we need to make sure we’re not watering down the experience for the high achievers,” said Michael Petrilli, executive vice president of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a Washington-based educational policy organization.12. The purpose of the new AP courses system at Alex Wong’s school is to ______.A. make sure all students get access to the AP courses they desire.B. ensure that students have a fair chance to get access to AP courses.C. improve the academic performance of students in AP courses.D. separate high achievers from average students through the new courses.13. According to the article, the AP Flea Market Facebook group is a place where ______.A. students’ parents send their complaints to school administrators.B. students share tips about saving money for college.C. students offer items to trade for the AP courses they need.D. students can find support and guidance on their AP study.14. Which of the following statements would Michael Petrilli agree with?A. Opening AP courses to all students is a bad idea.B. School administrators should maintain high academic standards for AP courses.C. High schools should stop charging students for taking AP courses.D. Access to AP courses is necessary for students applying for top American colleges.15. The author used Miracle Vitangcol’s example to show that ______.A. students need to remember too much in their AP courses.B.AP courses pose a big challenge to unprepared students.C. the secret to success in AP courses is to keep pushing yourself.D. average students don’t deserve their places in AP courses.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone as well as stepping into a different world.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets,by Patricio PronIn April 1945,Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul KalanithiAt thirty-six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living?”.To Killa Mockingbird, by Harper LeeSet in a smallAlabamatown in the 1930s, the story focuses on honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) storyby Bess KalbBess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone fromBelarustoAmericato survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention.1.What type of book is the first novel?A.Sci-fi.B.Biography.C.Detective books.D.History books.2.Which book explores life and death?A.To Kill a MockingbirdB.When Breath Becomes AirC.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These StreetsD.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story3.Who is the main character in the last novel?A.Bobby Bell.B.Bess Kalb.C.Bess’s mother.D.Bobby’s mother.BAn ancient tomb was recently discovered in southern Siberia in which there may be treasure, priceless objects, and the 3, 000-year-old remains of an ice mummy.Swiss scientist Gino Caspari with the University of Bern was looking carefully at the pictures of the area in the Russian Tuva Republic, when he came across what appeared to be a tomb. It is a tomb of the Scythians, an ancient group of Eurasians.This summer, together with researchers from the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Hermitage Museum, a dig at the site not only proved Caspari's idea, but told us the site is the largest and oldest of its kind ever discovered in what's increasingly known as the “Siberian Valley of the Kings.”While any discovery dating back to a period between the Iron Age and Bronze Age is exciting, it's the nature of this site that makes scientists want to begin carefully clearing away the layers of rock and earth. First, the tomb appears to have never been dug, because it is in a Siberian wetland faraway from the nearest place where people live. Second, and most important, is its possible resting place under a thick layer of permafrost.“There's permafrost in the area,” Caspari said. “There are really only a handful of permafrost tombs and very few that have not been damaged, where there have been ice mummies in good condition, and all the things in the tomb are untouched.”While not as large, other tombs discovered in the area have produced fantastical treasures and objects, including thousands of gold objects and other things about the past. By studying all these tombs, researchers hope to have a better understanding of the Scythian people.Caspari said his team is in a race against time to uncover the tomb and find out its secrets. “We now have to act fast,” he said, “because with the rising temperatures, the permafrost could melt and damage all the things in that tomb. And these are things that are over 3,000 years old, that look like new, like they were put there yesterday.”4. How did Caspari discover the tomb?A. By studying pictures.B. By visiting a Russian area.C. By talking with Russian researchers.D. By comparing other scientists,ideas.5. Why has the tomb remained untouched?A. It is covered by a lot of rocks.B. It is well kept by the Scythians.C. It is too small to draw attention.D. It is hidden in a wild cold place.6. Why do scientists want to uncover the tomb?A. To better protect the tomb.B. To save the treasures inside.C. To learn more about the Scythians.D. To have a good understanding of mummies.7. Why is Caspari's team racing against time to dig the tomb?A. The tomb is too old.B. It is getting hotter and hotter.C. Some treasures are being damaged.D. They want to save time for other tombs.CThe modern Olympics, which appeared in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, have become the world’s most important sporting competition. From the 8th century B. C. to the 4th century A. D., the the ancient Olympics were held every four years in Olympia in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in1896 inAthens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately every two years. The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed one year because of the COVID-19, was held in Japan in 2021.The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location (位置) at Olympia, a place near the western coast in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the Olympic Games held every four years.After the Roman Empire conquered (征服) Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality dropped. For example from 67 A. D., the Emperor Nero entered an Olympic horse race, announcing himself the winner even after he fell off hishorse during the event. In 393 A. D., Emperor TheodosiusⅠended the ancient Olympic tradition.It was another 1,500 years before the Games rose again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Working hard at the development of physical education, the young man became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic building. In November 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin suggested the idea of making the Olympics an international athletic competition held every four years. Two years later, he got the approval (批准) he needed to found the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ), which would become the governing body of themodern Olympic Games.8. What do we know about the modern Olympics?A. The modern Olympics became famous in the 18th century.B. The first Winter Olympics was held in 1994.C. The first modern Olympics dates back to 1896.D. The latest Winter Olympics will delay for two years.9. How often were the ancient Olympics held?A. Every year.B. Every other year.C. Every three years.D. Every four years.10. When did the ancient Olympics end?A. In 393 A. D.B. In 67 A. D.C. In the mid-2nd century B. C.D. About 1,500 years ago.11. What is the best title of the text?A. The ancient OlympicsB. The modern OlympicsC. The Olympics developed through yearsD. The Olympics are popular in modern timeDA company called Neuralink has shared a video where a monkey is playing a video game. That' s fairly unusual, but what makes the video even stranger is that the monkey is playing the video game with just his mind.The monkey in the video is called Pager who has two of Neuralink's special "Link" devices(装置)inside his brain. The devices planted in Pager's brain are connected to 2,048 wires which lead to the parts of Pager's brain that control movements of the arms and hands.Scientists taught Pager to play a video game. At first, Pager controlled the video game using a joystick it, which is a normal gaming controller. But as Pager played, his Link devices wirelessly sent out information about the signals his brain was using to control his arms and hands. Neuralink's scientists recorded all of these signals.Then they used computers to match the signals from Pager's brain to the movements that his hands were actually doing. This was the most difficult work and the scientists counted on artificial intelligence ( AI) to help them decode(解码)Pager's brain signals.The final step was to have a computer make moves inthe video game as if Pager had actually moved thejoystick. If Pager thought about moving the joystick up, the computer would send an “up” signal to the video game.At first, the researchers let Pager keep moving the joystick with his hand, even though it was no longer connected to the computer. But soon Pager was able to play the video game using just his brain.Even though Neuralink's work right now focuses on animals and video games, there's a very serious purpose behind it. Neuralink wants to make it possible for humans who have lost the ability to make physical movements to interact with the world around them.12. What are “Link” devices used to do?A. To pick up the arms' and hands' signals.B. To link the computer to the monkey's brain.C. To send out information about the brain's signals.D. To control movements of the arms and hands.13. What challenged scientists most in the study?A. Recording and sending out body signals.B. Training Pager to use the joystick correctly.C. Planting "Link" devices into Pager's brain.D. Matching brain signals to body movements.14. What is Neuralink's real purpose of the study?A. To test artificial intelligence.B. To help those without arms or legs.C. To study how animals play video games.D. To develop more complex video games.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Video Games for Animals Are Developed.B. Science Proves the Intelligence of Monkeys.C. Monkey Plays Video Games Using His Mind.D. Neuralink Is Leading the World in Technology.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2024届上海市闵行区高三一模英语试卷(考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分)考生注意：1.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题前，务必在答题纸规定的地方张贴条形码并填写考生号和姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a grocery store.B.At the wedding. C.In a restaurant. D.At a cafe.2.A.£120. B.£160. C.£180. D.£240.3.A.By taking trains. B.By taking coaches. C.By renting a car. D.By taking a taxi.4.A.Exhausting. B.Pleasant. C.Boring. cational.5.A.The woman’s tour to Zhejiang province. B.The woman’s university life.C.The woman’s impression of the museum.D.The woman’s university tour.6.A.She is too tired to enjoy the film. B.She has seen the film before.C.She is eager to see the new film.D.She has no interest in the film.7.A.To express her sympathy. B.To lift the man’s spirits.C.To show her disappointment.D.To highlight the man’s talent.8.A.She was as confident as she looked. B.She sang with all her heart.C.She could hardly finish the song.D.She felt extremely nervous.9.A.It’s much better than expected. B.It’s surprisingly outstanding.C.It’s average,nothing to write home about.D.It’s something terrible he never fancied.10.A.He regretted not having prepared sufficiently.B.He isn’t aware of the topics of the speaking test.C.He has prepared everything for the oral exam.D.He discussed the prepared topics in the oral exam.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Low-income Mexican students who want to be pilots.B.Low-income Californian students who live in Mexico.C.Low-income Mexican students who live near the US border.D.Low-income Californian students who want to attend community colleges.12. A.$1,500. B.$7,200. C.$8,000. D.$10,000.13.A.Helping Californians become lawmakers in the US.B.Increasing diversity among workforce in the US.C.Making it easy for Mexicans to achieve education.D.Avoiding loss of talent in the United States.Questions14through16are based on the following speech.14. A.To reduce unemployment rates.B.To increase workers’salaries.C.To attract international companies to the UK.D.To check if a shorter workweek is achievable.15.A.To reduce employees’expenses. B.To meet employees’preferences.C.To increase productivity.D.To follow government regulations.16. A.A way to attract and keep talent. B.A trend in the workplace.C.A try-out of a new workweek policy.D.A demand for higher pay.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.High-quality equipment. B.A great amount of practice.C.Personal physical condition.D.Previous sporting experience.rm someone of your return time. B.Stay mindful of your surroundings.C.Tell someone how you can be identified.e the most advanced board and sail.19.A.Teaching and sharing. B.Connection with nature.petitions and challenges.D.Speed and excitement.20.A.Explore new windsurfing destinations. B.Take part in windsurfing competitions.C.Develop high-quality boards.D.Start a windsurfing business.Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals.Besides the pleasure of the noise,it is useful to ecologists.Listening out for animal calls is considered a method of measuring the biodiversity of a piece of land.(21)____________it is much easier than digging under the bushes looking for tracks,such analysis is time-consuming.It also requires(22)______expert pair of ears.In a paper published in Nature Communications,a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller,an ecologist at the University of Würzburg,describe a better way:have a computer do the job.Smartphone apps already exist through (23)______the sounds of birds or mammals(哺乳动物)can be identified.The researchers took recordings from across43sites in the Ecuadorean Rainforest(厄瓜多尔雨林).Some sites were relatively primitive,old-growth forests.Others were areas that(24)_____(clear)for pasture(牧场)already.Sound recordings were taken four times every hour,over two weeks.The various calls were identified manually by an expert,and then used to construct a list of the species present.As expected,the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the more significant the biodiversity it hosted.Then it was the computer’s turn.The researchers fed their recordings to(25)______(train)AI models,using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador,to identify75bird species from their calls.They found the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts.Not everything in a rainforest makes a noise.Having used light-traps to capture night-flying insects and DNA analysis (26)______(identify)them,Dr Müller and his colleagues found the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable indicator for the diversity of the quieter(27)______,too.The results may have relevance outside ecology departments,too.Under pressure(28)______their customers,some make-up companies and oil firms have been spending money on forest restoration projects.Dr Müller hopes an automated approach to(29)______(check)on the results could help monitor such efforts.This method would also provide a standardized way to measure(30)______they are working as well as their sponsors say.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.mineB.criteriaC.catalogedD.candidateE.delayF.anticipatingprisedH.perceivingI.initiativepoundsK.unfavorableWhat Lies Beneath“Earth”has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun.After all,an alien(外星人) examining it through a telescope would note that two-thirds of its surface is31not of land but of oceans of water.Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than2,000,000species of marine animals,of which they have so far32perhaps a tenth.A new33hopes to change this.Smoothly launched in London on April27th,Ocean Census(海洋普查)aims to discover100,000new species of marine animal over the coming decade.The attempt is happening now for two reasons.One is that,the longer scientists34,the fewer there will be to document.Climate change is heating the oceans,as well as making them more acidic as carbon dioxide is absorbed into the water.The second one is technological.Marine biologists discover about2,000new species a year,a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day.Ocean Census is35it can go faster.“Cyber taxonomy(网络分类学)”,for instance,involves feeding animal DNA information into computers,which can quickly decide whether it meets the36for a new species.Exactly what the new effort might turn up,of course,is impossible to forecast.But history suggests it will be fruitful. Half a century ago scientists detected hot openings on the sea bed that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that,until then,had been thought37to life.These days,such openings are one credible38for the origin of all life on Earth.More practical benefits can’t be ignored.Many drugs,for example,come originally from biological39.An ocean full of unrecorded life will almost certainly prove a rich seam(矿层)from which to40more.To help make use of its data,Ocean Census plans to make it attainable to scientists and the public without charge,who will be able to search it for anything valuable or unexpected.Man the Hunter,a key idea in human sciences,proposes that hunting was a major driver of human evolution and tha Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .t men conducted this activity,leaving women out.It holds that human ancestors had a division of 41,rooted in biological differences between males and females,in which males evolved to hunt and provide,and females tended to children and domestic duties.It assumes that males are 42superior to females and that pregnancy (怀孕)and child-caring reduce oreliminate (根除)a female’s ability to hunt.Man the Hunter has dominated the study of human evolution for nearly half a century and spread through popular 43.It is represented in museum displays and textbook figures,Saturday morning cartoons and feature films.The thing is,it’s 44.Researchers look at the damage on our ancestors’remains for clues to their 45.Neandertal females and males do not vary in 46patterns or exhibit sex differences in diseases from repetitive actions.Their skeletons show the same modes of wear and tear.This discovery implies that they were engaging in 47activities,from hunting large game animals to processing fur for leather.Observations of recent and contemporary societies provide direct evidence of women 48hunting.Agta people of the Philippines,49,hunt while pregnant and breastfeeding,and they have the same hunting success as Agta men.A recent study of cross-cultural observational data lasting the past 100years—much of which was 50by Man the Hunter contributors—found that women from a wide range of cultures hunt animals for food.79percent of the 63societies with clear descriptions of their hunting strategies reportedly feature women 51.The women are involved in hunting regardless of their childbearing status.Much about female exercise science and the 52of prehistoric women remains to be discovered.But the idea that in the past men were hunters and women were not is absolutely 53even by the limited evidence we have.Now when you think of “cave people”,we hope,you will imagine a(n)54group of hunters surrounding a deer or hitting stone tools together rather than a heavy-browed man with a heavy stick over one shoulder.Hunting may have been remade as a 55activity in recent times,but for most of human history,it belonged to everyone.41.A.foodborC.resourceD.power 42.A.technicallyB.sociallyC.physicallyD.intellectually 43.A.cultureB.beliefC.scienceD.awareness 44.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.simpleD.reasonable 45.A.emotionB.appearanceC.dietD.behavior 46.A.injuryB.interactionC.growthD.settlement 47.A.variousB.identicalC.outdoorD.manual 48.A.taking overB.suffering fromC.longing forD.participating in 49.A.in factB.as a wholeC.for instanceD.as a result 50.A.quotedB.ignoredC.collectedD.stored 51.A.supportersB.pioneersC.leadersD.hunters 52.A.hobbiesB.statusC.livesD.rights 53.A.establishedB.unsupportedC.developedD.misguided 54.A.ever-growingB.self-governingC.mixed-sexD.multi-cultural 55.A.team B.sporting C.leisure D.maleSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Canada geese are a common and plentiful North American bird found in many urban parks,golf courses,airports,or areas with large lawns near water.They are a large waterbird with afairly brown body,pale breast,and long black neck with white cheeks.Canada geese are particularly attracted to urban areas for the many grassy lawns near small bodies of water.They can often be seen feeding on lawns or playing in shallow water by tipping forward and extending their necks underwater to reach for plants.Canada geese prefer to gathering in large flocks(群)and can be seen flying over in the classic V formation.In Chicago,Canada geese may remain in the city throughout the year,although some geese get used to moving long distances to more southern sections for the winter or northward in spring to breed.Each breeding season,pairs build large open cup ground nests and lay2to8eggs which are raised in a single brood(窝).Urban habitats are also attractive to this species as neatly-maintained lawns make it easy when grazing with young to keep watch for approaching enemies.It is, however,their use of these urban areas that often leads to conflicts with humans.As Canada geese numbers rise,so do their conflicts with humans.Canada geese’s daily activities may damage gardens and landscaping.Geese may also cross roads when searching for food or walking between nesting sites and bodies of water, slowing movement or posing a potential risk on the roadway.Although direct injuries by fierce geese are uncommon, people sometimes fall and pick up injuries when surprised by a charging goose.Additionally,people often feed the birds. Not only are the types of food people typically provide,such as bread,unhealthy for the birds,but this encourages high concentrations of geese leading to more harmful behavior and higher risk of stly,plane-bird conflicts are estimated to be rising,likely due to increasing numbers of planes,but also increases in populations of certain bird species, including Canada geese.Although crashes rarely result in an accident,they often cause costly damage to planes.56.What do we know about Canada geese from the first and second paragraph?A.They are a valued and rare species.B.They like to spend time near water.C.They always live quietly and separately.D.Their appearance is in a uniform and single color.57.Which of the following words from the passage is similar in meaning to“grazing”(paragraph3)?A.feeding(paragraph2)B.playing(paragraph2)C.gathering(paragraph2)D.moving(paragraph3)58.From the sentence“Although direct injuries…”(in the last paragraph),we know that Canada geese are likely to______.A.adore humansB.threaten humansC.frustrate humansD.safeguard humans59.According to the last paragraph,which of the following is not the trouble caused by an increasing number of geese?A.Frequent air crashes.B.Damage to city view.C.Traffic jam and danger.D.Indirect human injuries.(B)Q:Would youA:Conceptualthemes.I spendThen I work60.Why is Gazelle Twin’s music conceptual?A.Her records are usually about ghosts.B.The album’s structure is a top priority.C.The word“conceptual”itself is attractive.D.Her music is highly motivated by themes.61.In the second part of the interview,“this other person”most likely represents__________.A.spiritual growthB.vivid imaginationC.inner self-awarenessD.external intervention62.Which of the following can be inferred from Gazelle Twin’s response in the interview?A.She tends to take the bigger picture into account.B.Her future planning is profit-driven to some extent.C.Black Dog has already become a hit album worldwide.D.She expresses willingness to help the potential musicians.(C)How to Recruit(招聘)with Softer Skills in MindSoft skills matter to employers.An analysis of almost5000job descriptions showed companies have shifted away from emphasizing financial and operational skills towards social skills—an ability to listen,reflect,communicate and empathise (共情).The trouble is that soft skills are hard to measure.Worse still,the conventional process for recruiting people is often better at recognizing other qualities.The early phases of recruitment focus on screening candidates based on their experiences and hard skills,criteria that are easiest to assess remotely.The later phases,when candidates and employers engage in actual conversation,are better suited to assessing an applicant’s softer skills.Think of how fundamentally unsocial the situation is!Candidates are expected to talk,not listen;to impress,not empathise.Structured interview scripts enable like-for-like comparisons but they also limit the space for naturalness.Two recent studies of what makes for a good team member agree on what might be described as an ability to read the room.One research found people who can accurately judge the level of influence held by various team members possess a magic power called“status acuity”.Such room-readers reduce group conflict and enhance team performance.They accordingly designed a test,in which participants watched a video of a group performing a task.The participants then rated members of the group based on how much respect each was perceived to hold.People whose ratings were closest to the assessments of the team members themselves had the quality of status acuity.The other study found that certain individuals consistently made their groups perform better than expected.Such people are genuine team players,capable of making the whole greater than the sum of the parts.These wonderful creatures did not stand out from their peers on IQ tests.But they did significantly better on the“Reading the Mind in the Eyes”test,an assessment in which participants are shown pictures of various facial expressions and then have to pick the word that best describes what each person is feeling.Better tests are not the only way to gather more information about soft skills.Don’t just have people higher up the food chain ask interview questions.Ask the people who interact casually with applicants,from the assistants to the receptionists, what they thought of them.Undeniably,people may succeed in faking their way through the process.And there may be more room for interviewers’prejudice to emerge.Finding someone annoying may be a signal that someone lacks social skills.But it may also mean that they are nervous or that interviewers are bad-tempered.Recruitment is set to change and is unlikely to become less challenging.63.What makes the recent recruitment process distinct from the traditional one?A.Prioritization of soft skills.B.Focus on a screening method.C.Dependence on structured interview scripts.D.Emphasis upon financial and operational skills.64.According to the third and fourth paragraph,a person with the ability to read the room is capable of__________.A.adjusting one’s behavior or attitude swiftly to fit the contextB.understanding the individual’s perspective to respond appropriatelyC.resolving group conflict or judging facial expressions in a situationD.interpreting individual’s role within a team or their mood65.What is the purpose of the two studies mentioned in the passage?A.To identify ways to perfect structured interview scripts.B.To discover shortcuts for testing and identifying soft skills.C.To explore recipes for cultivating a qualified team member.D.To introduce methods of improving candidates’non-technical skills.66.What can be implied from the last two paragraphs?A.Integrating soft skills assessment into a hiring process won’t introduce side effects.B.Employees in lower positions may provide useless insights into applicants’soft skills.C.Interviewers’prejudice may influence their fair assessments and perceptions of candidates.D.There is no possibility of individuals successfully deceiving others during the interview.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Odours are also essential signals in social bonding.B.Besides,odours are granted different cultural values.C.Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture.D.Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities.E.Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links.F.Some respondents’preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations.The Meaning and Power of SmellA survey revealed that smell can cause strong emotional responses.A smell connected with a good experience can please us,while an odour(气味)bonded with a bad memory may disgust(使恶心)us.67Such associations can be so powerful that odours generally labelled unpleasant become agreeable,and those generally considered sweet become disagreeable for particular individuals.68One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one.Infants recognize their mothers’odours soon after birth.Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.Despite its importance to our emotional and sensory lives,smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures.While our olfactory(嗅觉的)powers are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals,they are remarkably sensitive.696Odours,unlike colours,can’t be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist.“It smells like...,”we have to say when describing an odour,struggling to express our olfactory experience.Nor can odours be recorded:there is no effective way to capture or store them over time.70Smells considered offensive in some cultures may be acceptable in others.Therefore,our sense of smell is a means of interacting with the world.The study of the cultural history of smell is indeed an investigation into the essence of human culture.Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than60 e your own words as far as possible.Emotional Preparedness:Managing Life’s ChallengesExpecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as“bracing”.It may help people prepare for emotionally challenging situations,particularly in the moments before these situations occur.People brace for the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes.Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work.Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help.For example,“decision affect theory”proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened.Based on this,people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations,and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore,by anticipating the worst,one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment,because any result will likely surpass(优于)expectations.However,other psychological theories challenge the idea that bracing will be helpful.It has been theorized and scientifically established—that expectations can powerfully influence reality.There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality.First,people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations.If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview,then you might not invest efforts in preparation,which in turn reduces your chances of doing well.Second,people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations.Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for.During the job interview,you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance.In fact,the interviewer did not want to give anything away.Drawing together the scientific studies,it seems that expecting the worst is not a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.这道菜趁热吃味道最好。

上海市闵行区2020年第一学期高三年级质量调研一模考试英语试卷参考答案及评分标准I. Listening Comprehension1. D2.C3. D4. D5. D6. A7. C8. A9. A10. B 11.A12. B13. D14. B15. C16. C17. C18. A19. B20. B评分标准：第1—10 每题1分；第11—20 每题1.5分。

II. Grammar and vocabularySection A21. like22. are23. looking24. works25. the26. if/when27. how28. refreshed29. to choose30. whose评分标准：每题1分。

Section B31. J32. A33. E34. H35. G36. K37. I38. B39. F40. C评分标准：每题1分。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection A41. B42. D43. A44. B45. C46. D47. B48. B49. A50. D 51. C52. D53. C54. C55. A评分标准：每题1分。

Section B56. C57. B58. D59. B60. D61. A62. B63. C64. C65. D 66. A评分标准：每题2分。

Section C67. E 68. B 69. A 70. C评分标准：每题2分。

IV. Summary Writing（71）One Possible Version(仅供阅读参考)Currently, contrary to what people did in the past, many parents think highly of their kids too often. It is not proper to praise children too much, but they can't do the opposite. What matters is not the quantity but the quality of praise. Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make.V. Translation (仅供阅读参考)72. He doesn’t go to town (1分) without buying (1分)her daughter a gift.(1分)73. Your age shouldn’t (1分) make any difference to(1分) whether you get the job or not (1分).74. The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech (1.5分) on behalf of our school(1分) (in order) to welcome the distinguished guests present (1.5分).75. It was because (1分) the company didn’t pay attention to product upgrading (1.5分) and ignored after-sales service (1分) that it was gradually eliminated in the market. (1.5分)VI. Guided Writing略。

2019-2020学年上海闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AGetting your kid to bed at night is seriously one of the most challenging things you'll ever have to do. Most kids are just so full of energy that they'll tire you out before they're halfway through their store of energy. An easy thing to calm down your child to get into bed is giving in and allowing some iPad screen time. However, it's really not a great idea, just like you thought.Researchers at theArizonaStateUniversityconducted a study with 547 kids between the ages of 7 to 9. Their parents tracked how much screen time the kids were allowed along with their sleep patterns. The study found that kids who did not engage in screen time before bed slept for 23 more minutes every week and also went to sleep about 34 minutes earlier than those playing with iPad. Although that might not seem like so much more time, quality of sleep is vastly important in Children's development.The CDC's (美国疾病控制中心)2018 National Youth Risk Survey outlines that good quality sleep can impact a child's life in many ways, including affecting grades and also weight gain. Students with an "A" average slept for 30 or more minutes per night than those with a "D" or"F" average.A 2018PennsylvaniaStateUniversitystudy showed that children with irregular bedtimes had a higher risk of having increased body weight. Those with consistent and age-appropriate bedtimes when they were 9 years old had a healthier BMI (体质指数)at age 15 than those with irregular bedtimes.Hard as it is, it's really important not to give in and hand over an iPad to your child who is about to go to bed. Just like it's important for adults to go to sleep without any distractions, it's even more important for kids.1. What do the findings of the researchers at theArizonaStateUniversitysuggest?A. More sleep is necessary for children's development.B. Enough sleep helps improve academic performances.C. Screen time before bed leads to later and less sleep.D. Children sleeping irregularly are easy to gain weight.2. What is the text mainly about?A. How is screen time affecting teenagers?B. What are negative effects of irregular bedtimes?C. When should you get your kid to bed at night?D. Why is screen time before bed a bad idea for kids?3. Who is the text intended for?A. Parents.B. Children.C. Teachers.D. Researchers.BIn the northern part ofAustin there once lived an honest family by the name of Smothers. The family had John Smothers, his wife and their five-year-old daughter.One night after supper the little girl was ill with a serious stomachache, and John Smothers hurried downtown to get some medicine. He never came back. The mother was very sad over her husband's disappearance, and it was nearly three months before she married again, and moved to San Antonio. The little girl recovered and in time grew up to womanhood. After a few years had rolled around, the little girl also married in time, and she also had a little girl of five years. She still lived in the same house where theydweltwhen her father had left and never returned.By an unbelievable coincidence her little girl was taken with the same stomachache on the same night of the disappearance of John Smothers, who would now have been her grandfather if he had been alive. “I will go downtown and get some medicine for her,” said John Smith(for it was he whom she had married). “No, no, dear John,” cried his wife. “You, too, might disappear forever, and then forget to come back.” So John Smith did not go, and together they sat by the bedside of little Pansy. After a little while Pansy seemed to grow worse, and John Smith again wanted to go for medicine, but his wife would not let him.Just then, the door suddenly opened and an old man with long white hair entered the room. “Hello, here is grandpa,” said Pansy. She had recognized him before any of the others. The old man drew a bottle of medicine from his pocket and gave Pansy a spoonful. She got well immediately. “I was a little late,” said John Smothers, “as I waited for a street car.”4. What happened after John Smothers disappeared?A. His daughter took some medicine.B. His wife left for San Antonio.C. Pansy immediately had a stomachache.D. John Smith went for medicine.5. What does the underlined word “dwelt” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Lived.B. Left.C. Returned.D. Married.6. What is the relationship between John Smothersand Pansy?A. Husband and wife.B. Father and daughter.C. Grandfather and granddaughter.D. Father and son.7. How could Pansy's mother feel when she saw John Smothers?A. Worried.B. Sad.C. Uninterested.D. Surprised.CSleep problems in early childhood may be linked to the development of certain mental health disorders in adolescence, according to a new research.A study of 7,155 children in theUnited Kingdomfound that waking up frequently during the night and irregular sleep routines as babies and toddlers was linked to psychotic experiences in children aged 12 and 13. Also, children who slept for shorter periods at night were more likely to be associated with borderline personality disorder at ages 11 and 12.The research, published in the journalJAMA Psychiatry, was the first time possible links between early childhood sleep problems and adolescent psychotic experiences and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms have been examined.“We know from previous research that persistent nightmares in children have been associated with both psychosis and borderline personality disorder,” said lead author Isabel at theInstituteofMental Healthat theUniversityofBirmingham.“But nightmares don’t tell the whole story. We’ve found that, in fact, a number of behavioral sleep problems in childhood can point towards these problems in adolescence,” she said.Adolescence, typically defined as the ages between 10 and 19, is a key period in human development because of brain and hormonal changes, anditis now thought to be when many mental health problems start.Prior research inAustraliafound that babies with persistent severe sleep problems in their first year were at greater risk for anxiety and emotional issues in later childhood. Sleep problems in children and adolescents have been shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risk-taking and aggression. However, findings have been inconsistent, especially when based on objective measurements of sleep, rather than parental reports.Sleep and mental health are closely connected in adults, with sleep problems increasing the risk for developing particular mental illnesses as well as resulting in mental health issues.8. What can we know from paragraph 3?A. Childhood sleep problems probably cause youth mental health problems.B. Severe sleep problems in childhood lead to emotional issues.C. Persistent nightmares in children are closely related to psychosis.D. The research has not been known to the public.9. What does “it” refer to in paragraph 6?A. Adolescence.B. Key period.C. Human developmentD. Hormonal change.10. According to the Australian research, older children who had long-term serious sleep issues at one year old are more likely to ________.A. grow slowlyB. develop attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderC. do badly in lessonsD. suffer from anxiety11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A Study About Childhood Sleep Problems Is Under ProgressB. Pay Attention to Children Who Lack SleepC. Childhood Sleep Issues Linked to Adolescent Mental Health ProblemsD. How to Help Children Develop a Good Sleep HabitDIt’s a little before8 a.m. when Mathias Schergen pushes open the side door at Chicago’s Jenner Elementary Academy for the Arts. He walks down the hall toward the office to sign in. It’s the same routine he’s had as Jenner’s art teacher for nearly a quarter century. “It’s going to be a good day,” a colleague calls out. “It’s a good day.” They hug. It seems like a typical Friday. Except it’s not. After 23 years at Jenner Elementary, Schergen is retiring. Even on his last day, there are still art projects to finish.Schergen leaves behind a richlegacyat this school. He’s won grants (拨款) for art projects. He turned an empty classroom into a museum. He’s pushed his students to make art about their lives. And he was awarded a Golden Apple — the most honorable teaching award in Chicago. But it wasn’t always easy. For years, Schergen taught in one of the city’s toughest neighborhoods. “When I first got my room, I noticed there were bullet holes in the window. That made me nervous,” he says. So he stuffed Beanie Babies in the holes to make it “look kind of funny”. “I didn’t even tell my wife for a whole year,” he says. “I didn’t want her to know.”With one hour to go, Schergen piles the chairs and sweeps the floor. He cleans out the sink for the last time. Fifth-grader Deontae Barnes, one of his best helpers, has watched him say goodbye all day. He wanders in the doorway. “Ah, come here, son,” Schergen says, signaling him over. He bends down for a hug. “Thank you formaking these last days special and being a help to me.”When Deontae leaves, a reporter asks Schergen: When your kids ask why you’re retiring, what do you tell them? “I just tell them that grown people have dreams too,” he says. “I have other things in my life I have to do. It’s time. It’s just time.”12. Why is it a special Friday for Schergen?A. He was retiring on that day.B. He won an honor for his school.C. He was interviewed by a reporter.D. He received a Golden Apple award.13. What does the underlined word “legacy” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Art projects.B. Great achievements.C. Respect from students.D. Change in teaching.14. What made Schergen nervous when he first got to the school?A. Safety concerns in the school.B. The poorly-equipped classroom.C. Being misunderstood by his family.D. Students’ poor academic performance.15. What is the best title for the text?A.A Typical Day for an Art TeacherB. Time for Art ProjectsC. A Teacher’s Final Day at SchoolD. The Last Art Class第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

【题文】Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being abl e to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you c an give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.【答案】Currently, contrary to what people did in the past, many parents think highly of their kids too often. It is not proper to praise children too much, but they can't do the opposite. What matters is not the quantity but the quality of praise. Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make.【解析】【标题】上海市闵行区2020届高三上学期质量调研考试（一模）英语试题【结束】。

2020-2021学年上海市闵行中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASan Francisco Bay Area is a great place if you're a sports fan as you'll find several events all year round and plenty of team pride. If you are anywhere close to the area during a game,these fantastic sports events are here for you.San Francisco Giants BaseballThe San Francisco Giants baseball team plays in SF at Oracle Park. This is a fun ballpark because it's always packed with great energy and offers views of the bay. It's one of the most popular San Francisco sports events. The Giants are part of the National League West Division. Since their arrival here in 1958,they have been World Series Champions three times.Golden State Warriors BasketballThe fan base of the Golden State Warriors distributes the whole San Francisco Bay Area as this region's only NBA team.Their regular season runs from late October through mid-April, and all home games are played at the Chase Center in San Francisco.In total, the Warriors has won six NBA championships.San Francisco 49ers FootballThe 49ers are San Francisco's NFL team, though they have recently moved to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, about an hour south of SF. The football team was named for the prospectors (探矿者) who arrived in the area in 1849 for the Gold Rush. They’ve won 5 Super Bowl championships, all between 1981 and 1994.San Jose Sharks HockeyThe San Jose Sharks represent the Bay Area in hockey (冰球).They were founded in 1991 as the only Bay Area team to compete in the NHL. Sharks fans love going to these San Francisco sports events at the SAP Center,which they call the Shark Tank,located about an hour southeast of SF.1.Where can a sports fan have a good view of the area?A.The Oracle Park.B.The Chase Center.C.Levi's Stadium.D.The SAP Center2.Which team has claimed the most titles according to the text?A.The Giants.B.The Golden State Warriors.C.The 49ers.D.The San Jose Sharks.3.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A book review.B.A news report.C.A science fiction.D.A tourist magazine.BSix Neanderthals who lived in what is now France were eaten by their fellow Neanderthals some 100,000 years ago, according to fearful evidence of the cannibalistic (食人的) event discovered by scientists in a cave in the 1990s. Now, researchersmay have figured out why the Neanderthals, including two children, became victims of cannibalism: Global warming.While previous studies have examined Neanderthal remains to find proof of cannibalistic behavior, this is the first study to offer clues as to what may have led Neanderthals to become cannibals. Scientists found that rapid changes in local ecosystems as the planet warmed may have wiped out the animal species that Neanderthals ate, forcing them to look elsewhere to fill their stomachs.The researchers examined a layer of sediment (沉积物) in a cave known as Baume Moula-Guercy, in southeastern France. In that layer, charcoal (碳) and animal bones were so well-preserved that scientists could reconstruct an environmental picture representing 120,000 to 130,000 years ago. They discovered that the climate in the area was likely even warmer than it is today, and that the change from a cold, dry climate to a warmer one happened quickly. “Maybe within a few generations”, study co-author Emmanuel said. As the animals that once populated the landscape disappeared, some Neanderthals ate what they could find — their neighbors.Cannibalism is by no means unique to Neanderthals, and has been practiced by humans and their s “from the early Palaeolithic to theBronze Age and beyond,” the study authors reported. The behavior adopted by the starving Neanderthals in the Baume Moula-Guercy should therefore not be viewed as “a mark of bestiality (兽性) or sub-humanity”, but as an emergency adaptation to a period of severe environmental stress, according to the study.4. What does the study mainly focus on?A. The social behavior of Neanderthals.B. The reason for cannibalism among Neanderthals.C. The climate change in southeasternFrance.D. The influence of global warming on ancient animals.5. What can possibly be used to describe the climate in southeasternFrance120,000 to 130,000 years ago?A. It was no warmer than it is today.B. It was first warm while later cold and dry.C. Its change was mild and went through quite a long process.D. Its change is a chief factor contributing to cannibalism.6. Which of the following might the study authors agree with?A. Neanderthals’ cannibalism showed their bestiality.B. Cannibalism was actually a measure the Neanderthals had to adopt to survive.C. Neanderthals’ cannibalism guaranteed their rule over other tribes.D. Only Neanderthals were found to have cannibalism in human history.7. Where can you most possibly find this passage?A. In a science journal.B. In a travel brochure.C. In a history book.D. In a geography book.CTrees are “social creature” that communicate with each other in cooperative ways that hold lessons for humans, too, ecologist Suzanne Simard says. Simard grew up in Canadian forests as a child of loggers before becoming an ecologist. She's now a professor of forest ecology at theUniversityofBritish Columbia.Trees are linked to neighboring trees by a network of fungi below the surface of the earth that resembles the nervous networks in the brain, she explains. In one study, Simard watched as a Douglas fir tree that had been injured by insects appeared to send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby. The pine tree then produced defense enzymes to protect against the insect.“This was a breakthrough,” Simard says. The trees were sharing “information that actually is important to the health of the whole forest.”In addition to warning each other of danger, Simard says that trees have been known to share nutrients at critical times to keep each other healthy. She says the trees in a forest are often linked to each other via an older tree she calls a “mother” or “hub” tree.“In connecting with all the trees of different ages, the mother trees can actually ease the growth of these young trees,” she says. “The young trees will link into the network of the old trees and benefit from that huge resource capacity. And the old trees would also pass a little bit of carbon and nutrients and water to the young trees, at crucial times in their lives, that actually help them survive.”The study of trees took on a new resonance for Simard when she suffered from breast cancer. During hertreatment, she learned that one of the medicines she relied on was actually obtained from what some trees produce for their own mutual defense. She explains her research on cooperation in the forest, and shares her personal story in the new bookFinding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of theForest.8. How could a Douglas fir tree send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby?A. By an underground network of fungi.B. By the nervous networks in the brain.C. By making cooperation with each other.D. By holding lessons to it as human beings.9. According to Simard, what was a breakthrough?A. Simard was-brought up in Canadian forests.B. She became a professor of forest ecology.C. The pine tree produced defense enzymes.D. Vital information was shared among trees.10. What helped Simard understand trees further?A. Her rich knowledge of trees.B. Her childhood in the forest.C. Her medicine gained from trees.D. Her research on cooperation.11. In Simard's book we may discover the wisdom of the forest except .A. communicating cooperativelyB. warning each other of dangerC. sharing nutrientsat critical timesD. sacrificing mother trees for survivalDOne Sunday morning, my family and I went to a popular restaurant for breakfast. As soon as we walked into Restaurant Happy Meal, a young waitress showed us to a table.We ordered our food and soon after, our food came. Just as we were about to begin our meal, we heard someone shouting for the boss.“What is this? A dead fly in my food!’’ a man with a deep scar (疤) acrosshis face shouted angrily. He strongly hit his fist on the table and swept the plates and cups off it.Thesecame crashing to the floor, breaking into pieces. His companion, a huge man with a tattoo on his arm, stared angrily at the boss who stood nervously in front of the two gangsters (歹徒).The boss apologized repeatedly to the angry customers and tried to calm them down by offering to replace their food. He even told them that they could have their meal for free.The commotion(混乱) affected the business of the restaurant. Fearing that aquarrel would happen, many customers quickly paid for their meals and left the restaurant hurriedly. Some of them had not even finished their breakfast.My father told us to eat our food quickly and not to look at the two angry men. We obeyed him and finished our food within minutes. That was probably the quietest and fastest breakfast my family ever had.Although my father warned us not to look at the two unruly (任性的) customers, I could not help stealing a glance at them.I saw that the boss had managed to calm the two angry customers. Fresh food and drinks were brought to their table. They sat down again and continued their breakfast. Meanwhile the waitress who had shown us to our table earlier swept up the broken china.12. What does the underlined word “These” refer to?A. Tables.B. Cups and plates.C. Two angry customers.D. Dead fly and the food.13. What can we know about the owner from paragraph 4?A. He was sorry for what had happened.B. He was angry with the two customers.C. He was pardoned by the two customers.D. He was disappointed that the men caused problems here.14. What can we infer about the writer and his family?A. They might often talk while they ate.B. They ordered a lot of food each time they ate out.C. They often ate silently and that day was no exception.D. They usually did not like to be disturbed while they ate.15. What did the writer think of the boss?A. Foolish.B. Active.C. Hardworking.D. Wise.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

闵行区2020学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚，并在规定的区域内填涂。

答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求涂写，主观题用黑色水笔填写。

2. 本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，共12页。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

3. 考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留。

第I卷 (共105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Hairdresser and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Boss and staff.2. A. On Thursday morning. B. On Monday night.C. On Friday morning.D. On Thursday night.3. A. In a library. B. In a classroom.C. In a furniture store.D. In a computer shop.4. A. The time of the lecture. B. The boredom of the lecture.C. The length of the lecture.D. The problem of the clock.5. A. Go to the movie alone. B. Check the Reader.C. See a movie with the woman.D. Find a nice movie.6. A. The cost of fixing the window.B. The difficulty of cleaning up the broken glass.C. The possible harm to the people involved.D. The type of punishment he will give Tommy.7. A. The clerk doesn’t like to be bothered.B. The machine was just repaired.C. The man couldn’t make any more copies.D. The woman can teach the man to use the machine.8. A. The man will buy some envelopes for the woman.B. The man will take the woman to town.C. The woman will have to go and buy some envelopes herself.D. The woman has written several letters today.9. A. Because she doesn’t feel tired.B. Because the seat is occupied.C. Because she feels tired.D. Because she feels terrible when sitting on the bus.10. A. He is surprised that Dan did not fail.B. He is working especially hard on physics.C. He wonders how Dan’s history course went.D. He wants to pass the management course.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The change of the weekend. B. Attitudes towards leisure activities.C. Shifting job opportunities.D. Attitudes towards employment.12. A. How many weeks there are in a month. B. Which day begins the week.C. Which days people should work.D. How the week is divided into days.13. A. It would make the workday longer.B. It would allow people to work on weekend.C. It would create much more free time.D. It would make leisure activities expensive.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To invite authors to guide readers.B. To involve people in community service.C. To encourage people to read and share.D. To promote the friendship between cities.15. A. They came from many different backgrounds.B. They were too busy to read a book.C. They had little interest in reading.D. They lacked support from the local government.16. A. The careful selection of a proper book.B. The number of people who benefit from reading.C. The growing popularity of the writers.D. The number of books that each person reads.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Most of the people in this village have free access ______ clean drinking water.A. withB. forC. byD. to26. — Are you coming to the party?—I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. mightC. should D would27. So little ______ the plan that they could not settle their difference.A. they agreed onB. do they agree onC. did they agree onD. they did not agree on28. With the great weight ______ off her mind, she passed the test successfully.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. to be taken29. has begun selling tickets online for international flights,______ to cut the market share of and other competitors.A. to aimB. having aimedC. aimingD. being aimed30. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed______ for it pretty well.A. to prepareB. to have preparedC. having preparedD. to be preparing31. It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped ______ in a traffic accident.A. being killedB. killingC. to be killedD. to kill32. — Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.— Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home.A. have just thoughtB. would just thinkC. was just thinkingD. will just be thinking33. I suppose by the time I come back in ten years’ time all these old houses ______ down.A. will have been pulledB. will be pullingC. will have pulledD. will be pulled34. Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reportsabout accidents ______ students got injured or killed while in school.A. whyB. whenC. in whichD. for which35. The figures are further evidence ______ children are more likely to become near-sighted.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. which36. It was for her rare charm and inner beauty ______ British movie star AudreyHepburn was named the most naturally beautiful woman of all time.A. whenB. thereforeC. thatD. why37. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historianssay, ______ their reliability can be confirmed.A. thoughB. so thatC. whileD. because38. Man must keep in mind that it will be years ______ the earth recoversfrom the damage he makes to it.A. whenB. untilC. sinceD. before39. —I don’t mind how you do it ______ you finish the painting on time.— No problem.A. as well asB. as far asC. as long asD. as fast as40. The businessman is very modest about his success. He says it’s _____the result of good luck as of his own diligence.A. more thanB. so muchC. moreD. as muchSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the 41 from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is 42 for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as often 43 to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 44 and ill health.The amount of stress a person can stand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime 45 for managerial responsibilities; others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When 46 to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more primitive (远古的) days the choices made the difference between life or death. The 47 we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it 48 the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes 49 . Since we can’t remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal withit.III. Reading comprehension:Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We all remember seeing hitchhikers, standing by the side of the road, thumb sticking out, waiting for a lift. But it is getting 50 nowadays. What killed hitchhiking? 51 is often mentioned as a reason. Movies about murderous hitchhikers and real-life crime have put many drivers off 52 hitchhikers. That no single women picked me up on my journey to Manchester no doubt 53 the safety fear: a large, strangely dressed man is seen as dangerous.But the reason may be more 54 : hitchhiking happens where people don’t have cars and transport services are poor. Plenty of people still hitchhike in Poland and Romania. Perhaps the rising level of 55 in the UK means the few people left hitchhiking are usually considered strange. Why can’t they afford cars?Three-quarters of the UK population have access to a car; many of the remainder will be quite old. The 56 hitchhiking population is therefore small. Yet my trip proves it’s still57 to hitchhike. The people who picked me up were very interesting — lawyer, retired surgeon, tank commander, carpenter, man who live in an isolated farmhouse and a couple living up in the mountains. My 58 is that only really interesting people are mad enough to pick up fat blokes (家伙) in red, spotted scarves. Most just wanted to do someone a good turn; a few said they were so surprised to see a hitchhiker that they couldn’t help 59 .The 60 of hitchhiking most likely lies with car-sharing organized over the Internet, via sites such as hitchhikers. org. But for now, you can still stick your thumb out (actually, I didn’t do much of that, 61 just to hold up my destination sign) and people — wonderful, caring, sharing, unafraid people — will stop.In the UK, with its cheap coaches and reasonable rail service, I don’t think I’ll make a62 of it. But having 63 it so much, I’m ready now to do a big trip across Europe and beyond. In the 1970s a female friend of my wife’s hitchhiked to India. How wonderful it would be to have another go, though Afghanistan might be a(n) 64 . I wish I’d got that tank commander’s mobile number.50. A. frequent B. meaningless C. rare D. unbelievable51. A. Expense B. Distance C. Location D. Safety52. A. refusing B. picking up C. saving D.getting rid of53. A. eliminates B. strengthens C. reflects D. multiplies54. A. complex B. relevant C. personal D. persuasive55. A. safety awareness B. car ownershipC. transportation serviceD. road condition56. A. potential B. sensitive C. suspected D. respectable57. A. dangerous B. doubtful C. possible D. sensible58. A. prediction B. principle C. intension D. conclusion59. A. hating B. stopping C. fearing D. gasping60. A. future B. problem C. uncertainty D. danger61. A. pretending B. expecting C. preferring D. managing62. A. mistake B. habit C. misunderstanding D. decision63. A. enjoyed B. heard about C. imagined D. suffered from64. A. example B. coincidence C. imagination D. challengeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)London has become a cycle friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme. It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London.So how does it work？First you have to sign up to the scheme to be sent a key. The key will unlock one of the bikes，which are kept at docking stations in and around central London. You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go for the length of time you use the bike.Transport for London, which runs the scheme，are hoping to have 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year. The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion (拥挤) in London and is expected to create up to 40,000 extra cycle trips a day into the city centre. London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the scheme and said London had been “filled with thousands of gleaming machines that will transform the look and feel of our streets and become as commonplace on our roads as black cabs and red buses”.However，there have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday. On the first day some people found they couldn’t dock their bike properly and their usage of the bike had not been registered. Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few “teething problems” and have said they wouldn’t charge for the first day as a “gesture of goodwill”. Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles.Despite the comments，the green-thinking London Mayor still seems very positive about things, saying, “My campaign for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a big pedal-powered push forwards.”65. London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the new bike scheme in order to___________.A. reduce the air pollution of the cityB. encourage the citizens to take exercisesC. deal with the city’s traffic problemsD. increase employment opportunities66. If you want to hire a bike, what would you do first?A. Pay for the bike according to the time you use it.B. Pay for the key to a bike.C. Cycle in and around central London.D. Sign up as a member to get a key.67. All the following are the problems of the scheme EXCEPT___________．A. the high cost to hire a bikeB. not charging for the first day of the schemeC. not registering their usage of the bikesD. docking the bikes properly68. From the passage we can infer that __________.A. the London Mayor is confident in the schemeB. the scheme will be cancelled because of the problemsC. all the citizens in London support the schemeD. the cycling revolution is not successful(B)Sabina Caste Franco Rome October 16,2020—The U.N. World Food program says there are growing concerns over food insecurity in the developing world. Some of those concerns are discussed in a report to agree with the anniversary Sunday of World Food Day.The theme for World Food Day 2020 is “Food Prices — From Crisis to Stability”. A ceremony to mark World Food Day will be held Monday at the headquarters of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. Rising food prices, weather emergencies and political instability are deepening the struggle of families trying to provide for their households in many developing nations. This year’s “State of Food Insecurity in the World”report, published last week, focuses on the impact of food price volatility, confirming that high, unpredictable prices are likely to continue. The report highlighted how poor consumers, small farmers and countries dependent on imports, especially in Africa, have been deeply affected by the food and economic crises.Gregory Barrow is with the World Food Program in Rome. “If you look at the places where World Food program works particularly in developing countries, you see populations of people who might be spending 60, 70, 80 percent of their salaries on purchasing food for their families”. Barrow added that if prices become changeful and generally start rising, even by a small amount, it means that many of these people are going to struggle to put nutritious food on their tables.The report also showed that even short-term fluctuations (波动) in prices can have a long-term effect on development, and that cutting back on nutritious food in the first 1,000 days of a child’s life can affect mental and physical development and finally, future earning capacity. The United Nations has programs in place aimed at reducing the number of hungry peopleby one-half by 2020. But most observers agree this target is unlikely to be reached.69. The U.N World Food program aims to __________.A. hold a ceremony to mark World Food DayB. provide food for developing nationsC. show concerns over food insecurity in the developing worldD. introduce the U.N Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome70. The underlined word “volatility” in paragraph 2 means __________.A. supplyB. instabilityC. qualityD.control71. According to the report, we can learn that __________.A. people in Africa have been influenced by the food and economic crisesB. the short-term change in prices has nothing to do with developmentC. food price changes have little effect on householdsD. children’s development can be affected by the taking of nutritious food(C)In the past few decades, the popular belief in the area of organizational behaviour and organizational psychology has been that happy workers are better workers. However, new research at the University of Alberta shows that sad workers are more productive.Psychologist Dr. Robert Sinclair and his former PhD student Carrie Lavis recently conducted a series of four studies addressing the effects of experimentally induced (诱发的) happiness versus sadness on work productivity by asking the participants to build circuit boards (电路板). In the first study, sad people committed significantly fewer errors than did happy people (approximately half the number of errors) but there was no difference in the number of boards completed. Thus, sad people were more productive.In similar studies Sinclair and Lavis found the same results along with evidence that happy people might not devote as much energy to the task in order to maintain their happy moods —they considered that task as something that might detract (减去) from their present feelings. Conversely, sad people appeared to be devoting energy to the task in order to divert themselves from their sad feelings. “It is important to know that the moods were unrelated to the task,” said Sinclair. “Unhappiness is coming from something else.”These findings are not surprising, said Sinclair, since there has been a growing body of literature in the area of social psychology demonstrating that sad moods lead to more calm lengthy intent consideration and, often, more thoughtful or accurate judgments.In Sinclair’s following studies, when people believed that the task would make them feel good, they devoted more energy to the job. The bottom line, said Sinclair, is that it is important for organizations to take into account the emotions of their employees. It seems it could be beneficial to creating situations that lead people to believe that performing their jobs will cause them to feel good: this could cause increases in motivation and superior performance.72.The new research done at the University of Alberta shows _ _________.A. sadness leads to accurate judgmentsB. sad workers are less engaged in their workC. sad workers produce betterD. happiness can make people do well73.The purpose of the series of four studies conducted by Dr. Sinclair was __________.A. to find out the influence of happiness vs. sadness on workB. to ask the subjects to build circuit boardsC. to prove that happy workers are better workersD. to explore the ways how to produce happiness or sadness at work74.According to the third paragraph, the happy workers might not devote as much energyto the task because __________.A. they hate doing the same job for a long timeB. they never feel sadC. happiness diverts them from their taskD. they want to keep their happy moods75. It is suggested in the last paragraph that __________.A. increases in motivation and superior performance are importantB. companies should take into consideration employees’ emotionsC. companies should create situations that make workers feel goodD. employees should do the task that would make them feel goodSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.Getting the support you need plays a big role in lifting the fog of depression and keeping it away. On your own, it can be difficult to maintain perspective and sustain the effort required to beat depression. But the very nature of depression makes it difficult to reach out for help. However, isolation and loneliness make depression even worse, so maintaining your close relationships and social activities are important.77.Depression puts a negative spin on everything, including the way you see yourself, the situations you encounter, and your expectations for the future. But you can’t break out of this pessimistic mind frame by “just thinking positive.” Happy thoughts or wishful thinking won’t cut it. Rather, the trick is to replace negative thoughts with more balanced thoughts.78.In order to overcome depression, you have to take care of yourself. This includes following a healthy lifestyle, learning to manage stress, setting limits on what you’re able to do, adopting healthy habits, and scheduling fun activities into your day.79.When you’re depressed, exercising may be the last thing you feel like doing. But exercise is a powerful tool for dealing with depression. In fact, studies show that regular exercise can be as effective as antidepressant medication at increasing energy levels and decreasing feelings of fatigue. Scientists haven’t figured out exactly why exercise is such a potent antidepressant, but evidence suggests that physical activity triggers new cell growth in the brain, increases mood-enhancing neurotransmitters and endorphins, reduces stress, and relieves muscle tension — all things that can have a positive effect on depression.80.If you find your depression getting worse and worse, seek professional help. Needing more help doesn’t mean you’re weak. Sometime s the negative thinking in depression can make you feel like you’re a lost cause, but depression can be treated and you can feel better!Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All over the world mentioning of English education suggests a picture of the “public schools”, and it suggests in particular the names of certain very famous institutions — Eton, Oxford and Cambridge; but people do not always realize what place these institutions occupy in the whole educational system. Oxford and Cambridge are universities each having about 12,000 students out of a total of over 250,000 students at all British universities. Eton is a public school, and the best known of the public schools, which, in spite of their name, are not really public at all, but independent and private secondary schools taking boys from the age of thirteen to eighteen years. The public schools in reality form a very small part of the whole system of secondary education; only about one out of forty English boys go to a public school, and one out of 1,500 goes to Eton.Apart from the so-called public schools there is a complete system of state primary and secondary education, which resembles in its general form the state education in most other countries. All children must, by law, receive full-time education between the ages of five and sixteen. Any child may attend, without paying fees, a school provided by the public authorities, and the great majority attend such schools. They may continue, still without paying fees, until they are eighteen. In presenting an overall picture of English education it would be reasonable to concentrate on the state system alone and refer briefly to the public schools. However, although the public schools are not important numerically, they have been England’s most peculiar and characteristic contribution to educational methods, and they have an immense influence on the whole of English educational practice andon the English social structure. For a hundred years most men in leading positions in banking, insurance, high finance, some industries, the army, the church and conservative politics have been educated at public schools.(Note: Answer the question or complete the statements in no more than 12 words.)81. British public schools are not as their names suggests because they are ______________.82. The public schools are not important in certain senses because _____________________.83. Why must all British children between the age of five and sixteen attenda school?84. Why do people easily think of public schools when British education is mentioned?第II 卷 (共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们有必要在出发前制定一份计划。