翻译硕士(MTI)211翻译硕士英语词汇语法高分特训1200题(多项选择填空 动词及动词词组)【圣才

2020年郑州大学硕士生入学考试初试自命题科目考试大纲明栏里加备注。

郑州大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲命题学院（盖章）：外国语与国际关系学院考试科目代码及名称： 211 翻译硕士英语一、考试目的本考试大纲适用于郑州大学翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试。

《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平，主要考查考生对英语语言的综合运用能力。

二、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10,000以上，掌握6,000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

3. 具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。

三、考试性质与范围《翻译硕士英语》为翻译硕士研究生入学考试规定科目之一。

本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试，难度依据为英语专业本科高级阶段教学大纲有关要求和我校翻译硕士专业培养目标。

考试范围包括MTI 考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。

四、考试形式和要求本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

考试为闭卷，笔试，考试时间为180分钟，试卷满分为100分。

答案务必书写清楚，必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上无效。

五、考试内容本试题包括（但不限于）五个部分：词汇与语法、阅读理解、完形填空、英汉互译和英语写作等。

词汇与语法题型为选择题，主要考察考生熟练运用词汇和语法的能力。

阅读理解题型为选择题或简答题，重点考查通过阅读获取信息的能力、概括与推理能力和语篇综合理解能力，对阅读速度有一定要求。

完形填空考查考生语篇分析推理能力、实际运用语言的能力以及运用语言补全所缺失信息的能力。

英汉互译要求考生运用翻译基本理论和技巧，翻译涉及时政、经济、文化、教育、科技和休闲等方面的段略或文章，译文要忠实原文，词句通顺。

2.1 多项选择◇文学传记类Passage 1 题材：文学传记类字数：548Two hundred years ago the English poet William Wordsworth wrote “I wander’d lonely as a cloud”, a poem that expresses a basic spirit of the early English Romanticism. It was Thursday, 15th April 1802, William and Dorothy Wordsworth, the poet’s devoted, journal-writing sister, were walking home to Dove Cottage in the Lake District. The wind was fierce, but the Wordsworth siblings were used to striding long distances in foul weather. They were in the woods close to the water side when they first clapped eyes on a field of daffodils “fluttering and dancing in the bre eze”.What makes this poem an example of Romantic thinking? It isn’t just that Wordsworth chooses to write about a natural scene: it is the way he describes the scene as if it had human emotions. For him, nature is not merely a neutral mixture of scenery, colours, plants, rocks, soil, water and air. It is a driving force that feels joy and sadness, shares human pain and even tries to educate us human beings by showing us the beauty of life.Wordsworth’s home, Dove Cottage, is now one of the most popular destinations in the Lake District. You can go on a tour of the garden which William planted with wild flowers and which survived in his back yard even after theydisappeared from the area. “He always said that if he hadn’t been a poet, he would have been a te rrific landscape gardener,” says Allan King of the Wordsworth Trust, the organization that looks after the cottage and gardens.The Lake District in the north west of England becomes particularly crowded during the summer months with tourists and ramblers eager to enjoy the region’s majestic valleys, hills and sparkling lakes. Wordsworth himself was far from keen on tourists, which was quite apparent. He wanted outsiders to admire the local sights he enjoyed so much, but was afraid the district might be “damaged” by too many visitors. He opposed the coming of the trains, and campaigned in the 1840s against a plan to link the towns in the area—Kendal, Windermere and Keswick—by rail.The place near Ullswater, where Wordsworth saw the daffodils, is at the southernmost end of the lake. The lake is wide and calm at this turning point. There’s a bay where the trees have had their soil eroded by lake water so that their roots are shockingly exposed. You walk along from tree to tree, hardly daring to breathe, because you are walking in the footprints of William and Dorothy from two centuries ago. The first clumps of daffodils appear, but they aren’t tall yellow trumpets proudly swaying in the breeze. They’re tiny wild daffodils, most of them still green and unopened, in clumps of six or seven. They’re grouped around individual trees rather than collecting together.But as you look north, from beside a huge ancient oak, you realize this is what delighted the Wordsworths: clump after clump of the things, spread out to left and right but coming together in your vision so that they form a beautiful, pale-yellowcarpet. What you’re seeing at last is nature transformed by human sight and imagination. For a second, you share that revelation of Dorothy and William Wordsworth’s,the glimpse of pantheism, the central mystery of English Romanticism.1. According to the article, Wordsworth’s poem ______.[A] started the Romantic movement[B] was based on actual experience[C] was written while he was visiting his sister[D] was written after he had been lonely2. What was Wordsworth’s attitude to nature?[A] He believed nature had a character of its own.[B] He felt nature was human.[C] He thought nature could talk to people.[D] He believed that we could influence nature.3. We are told that Dove Cottage ______.[A] has gardens designed by a landscape gardener[B] has very old plants in the garden[C] gets a lot of visitors[D] has a large back yard4. What does the writer suggest by the words “hardly daring to breathe” in line 4, paragraph 5?[A] You have to walk carefully here.[B] You can’t breathe because the atmosphere is suffocating.[C] You might feel excited to be in this place.[D] You must concentrate to stay on the footpath.5. What does the writer think of Wordsworth as a poet?[A] He believes that Wordsworth was an important figure in English culture.[B] He is critical of Wordsworth.[C] He believes Wordsworth was a sentimental person.[D] He disagrees with Wordsworth’s opinion about nature.【答案与解析】1. B 根据第一段大意，可知Wordsworth的诗是根据他和姐妹步行回家所看到的风景写成的。

◇形容词、副词及词组1.For them,defeating this football team is a mere dream that is neither substantialnor practical.A.wealthyB.sturdyC.realD.contented【答案】C【解析】该句意为：对他们来说，击败这个足球队只是美梦一场，既不现实，又不实际。

substantial的意思是“有内容的，实质性的”。

wealthy：富裕的；sturdy：健壮的，有力的；contented：满足的，满意的。

2.The receding prices of these stocks sent many investors panicking anddespairing.A.diminishingB.soaringC.flourishingD.piercing【答案】A【解析】该句意为：这些股票价格在下跌，使投资者惊恐不安，甚至绝望。

recede的意思是“下降，后撤，后退，逐渐减少”。

diminish：减小；soar：上升；flourish：兴旺，茁壮；pierce：穿透，刺进。

3.The tendency of a boy to become fond of his mother and resent his father is called“Oedipus Complex.”A.attached toB.sensitive toC.yielding toD.blind to【答案】A【解析】句意：男孩子喜欢母亲而怨恨父亲的倾向被称为“恋母情结”。

be fond of喜爱…的。

attached to与之同义。

sensitive to敏感的。

yielding to屈从…的。

blind to盲目的，对…视而不见的。

4.A defect in the car and the driver’s carelessness finally resulted in a very serious accident,causing great damage to the car and the death of the driver.A.deadB.fatalC.casualD.causal【答案】B【解析】very serious非常严重的。

2012年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points, 1 point for each) Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Economics applies directly to how we earn our income and _____.A. how to spend our moneyB. how we spend our moneyC. the way we spend our moneyD. the way our money is spent【答案】B【解析】句意：经济学直接运用在我们如何挣钱和如何消费当中。

答案中四个选项的表述都是正确的，但and连接的两个成分是并列的，因此选择与how we can earn our money 结构对称的how we spend our money。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2. The product must be priced _____ it competes effectively with rival products in the same market.A. as suchB. in such awayC. so thatD. so【答案】C【解析】句意：这个产品必须要有合理的定价，这样的话它能在同类市场中有效地与对手的产品竞争。

2012年中南大学翻译硕士211真题翻译硕士（MTI）备考系列2012年中南大学翻译硕士211真题考试科目代码及名称：211 翻译硕士英语注意：1、所有答案(含选择题、填空题、判断题、作图题等)一律答在专用答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地点一律不给分。

2、作图题可以在原试题图上作答，然后将“图”撕下来贴在答题纸上相应位置。

3、考试时限：3小时：总分：100 分。

Ⅰ. Vocabulary and grammar(30’)Multiple choiceDirections：Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence，Mark your answers on theanswer sheet.1. In developing counties people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A. breakingB. fillingC. poutingD. hurrying2. Mark often attempts to escape ________ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been finedB. to be finedC. to have been finedD. being fined3. This hotel $60 for a single room with both.A. claimsB. demandsC. pricesD. charges4. Liquids are like solids ________ they have a definite volume.A. in thatB. with thatC. for thatD. at that5. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money couldA. stand up toB. make up forC. come up withD. put up with6. The survival of civilization as we know it is ________ threat.A. withinB. underC. towardsD. upon7. In recent years，much more emphasis has been put ________ developing students’ productive skills.A. ontoB. inC. overD. on8. A season ticket ________ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.A. entitlesB. grantsC. presentsD. promises9. Petrol is refined from the ________ oil we take out of the ground.A. crudeB. freshC. rudeD. original10. This article ________ more attention to the problem of cultural interferences in foreign language teaching and learning.A. cares forB. applies forC. allows forD. calls for11. The crossed mandibles enable the birds to exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips，which is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales apart. Next，the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the ________ and draws out the seed.A. openingB. flowerC. mouthD. tree12. Using the combined action of the bill and tongue，the birds cracks open and ________ the woody seed covering and swallows the nutritious inner kernel.A. eatsB. breaksC. finds OutD. discards13. As a rule, large billed crossbills are better at seeming seeds from large cones while small billed crossbills are more ________ at removing the seeds from small, thin scaled cones.A. hungryB. deftC. tiredD. pleasant14. This bird fins a large, ________ bill, yet most of Newfoundland’s conifers have small cones, the same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on.A. robustB. colorfulC. unusualD. sharp15. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore ________ the support of all thirteen colonies.A. influencedB. heraldedC. rejectedD. ignored16. The growing custom of regularly ________ from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups, not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones. . . in turn supported the multiplying hotels.A. announcingB. motivatingC. assemblingD. contracting17. In the past, as today, men, women, and children ________ themselves with beads. In some cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife.A. protectedB. adornedC. purchasedD. enjoyed18. Besides their wear ability, either as jewelry or incorpcrated into articles of ________, beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible: they are durable, portable, available in infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today’s market.A. ritualB. importanceC. attireD. history19. Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to ________ .A. communicateB. transportC. improveD. unravel20. Even the most ________ beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences.A. carvedB. beautifulC. ordinaryD. heavyⅡ. Reading comprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)Directions: In this section there are two passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passage and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.Passage AStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there aretwo distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penn), to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making,The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side — don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight—seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the , subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1, 431seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. ) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices toe much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele, They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a. m.1. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________ .A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________ .A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater3. By saying "Stratford cries poor traditionally" (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________ .A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid4. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________ .A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise5. From the text we can conclude that the author ________ .A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk’s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSC.Passage BJoy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "Thefree expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. " Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal, Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. ’ Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses. )The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow’s feet "wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response—as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.6. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to.A. curiousB. unhappyC. thoughtfulD. uncertain7. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to ________ .A. differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB. support Darwin’s theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions8. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning to ________ .A. estimateB. agreeC. expectD. understand9. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They did not want to be shown photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.10. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.Section 2 Answering questions (20’)Directions: Read the following two passages and then answer/N COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answers on the answer sheet.Questions 1-3Americans are sleeping less to cram in more work and play, a self-defeating cycle that leaves half the work force complaining that drowsiness interferes with their job, researchers said Tuesday.The National Sleep Foundation said adults of all ages get less than the recommended eight hours of sleet, a night, putting themselves at risk of auto accidents and over the longer-term, greater risk of diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes.The foundation released its "Sleep in America" poll that found a third of adults slept only 6. 5hours a night during the work week. People got more sleep on weekends but still not eight hours.The poll of 1, 154 adults found 45 percent of respondents will sleep less in order to get more work done.Surfing the Internet and watching television are also seen as prime contributors to the lack of sleep. Those activities were blamed by 43 percent for staying up late, with other causes including partner snoring, noise, pain and small children."Sleep is viewed as expendable, " said James Walsh, a vice president of the foundation and executive director of St. Luke’s Hospital Sleep Medicine/Research Center, in Chesterfield, Missouri."The people who stay up to work, they work more, but it’s probably the same people who complain they can’t concentrate the next day, "Walsh said at a press conference.Fifty-one percent said sleepiness on the job interferes with the amount of work they get done and nearly one in five adults reported making occasional or frequent work errors due to drowsiness.National Transportation Safety Board Chairman Jim Hall said sleep problems permeated society. He said operator fatigue had been on the agency’s priority list of safety improvements for over a decade."Human fatigue is one of the most endemic safety issues in our society, " said Hall, who recounted the death of a friend’s son when lie fell asleep at the wheel of his pickup truce Half of the poll’s respondents admitted to driving while drowsy. Among 18 to 29-year-olds, 24 percent reported falling asleep at the wheel at some point during the past year.Naps on the job can restore short-term alertness according to research. One third of those surveyed said they would nap at work if it was allowed.Union Pacific Corp. is letting train crews sleep briefly when idled. Sixteen percent of thosesurveyed said their employers currently endorsed on-the-job naps.Melissa Cullen, a Maryland woman who suffered major injuries and lost her father when a fatigued shiftworker’s car hit their vehicle head-on just before Christmas, said attitudes to drowsy driving had to change."Can anyone tell me why driving while tired is less irresponsible than driving while drunk?" Cullen asked.1. Paraphrase the sentence "Their employers currently endorsed on-the-job naps. "2. Explain in your own words the saying "Human fatigue is one of the most endemic safety issues in our society. "3. What is the major issuse(s) raised in this article?Questions 4-5By the time a child is six or seven she has all the essential avoidances well enough by heart to be trusted with the care of a younger child. And she also develops a number of simple techniques. She learns to weave firm square balls from palm leaves, to make pinwheels of palm leaves or frangipani blossoms, to climb a coconut tree by walking up the trunk on flexible little feet, to break open a coconut with one firm well-directed blow of a knife as long as she is tall, to play a number of group games and sing the songs which go with them, to tidy the house by picking up the litter on the stony floor, to bring water from the sea, to spread out the copra to dry and to help gather it in when rain threatens, to go to a neighboring house and bring back a lighted faggot for the chiefs pipe or thecook-house fire. But in the case of the little girls all these tasks are merely supplementary to the main business of baby-tending. Very small boys also have some care of the younger children, but at eight or nine years of age they are usually relieved of it. Whatever rough edges have not been smoothed off by this responsibility for younger children are worn off by their contact with older boys. For little boys are admitted to interesting and important activities only so long as their behavior is circumspect and helpful. Where small girls are brusquely pushed aside, small boys will be patiently tolerated and they become adept at making themselves useful. The four or five little boys who all wish to assist at the important, business of helping a grown youth lasso reef eels, organize themselves into a highly efficient working team; one boy holds the bait, another holds an extra lasso, others poke eagerly about in holes in the reef looking for prey, while still another tucks the captured eels into his lavalava. The small girls, burdened with heavy babies or the care of little staggerers who are too’ small to adventure on the reef, discouraged by the hostility of the small boys and the scorn of the older ones, have little opportunity for learning the more adventurous forms of work and play. So while the little boys first undergo the chastening effects of baby-tending and then have many opportunities to learn effective cooperation under the supervision of older boys, the girls’ education is less comprehensive. They have a high standard of individual responsibility, but the community provides them with no lessons in cooperation with one another. This is particularly apparent in the activities of young people: the boys organize quickly; the girls waste hours in bickering, innocent of any technique for quick and efficient cooperation.4. What is the primary purpose of the passage with reference to the society under discussion? How can it be achieved?5. What does the author refer by "high standard of individual responsibility"?Ⅲ. Writing (30’)Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.Translation as a Bridge。

第1章阅读理解技巧指南1.1 大纲要求和试题类型全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才的教育目标，制定了全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲，其中，《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲对阅读理解部分的具体要求如下：1. 考核要求1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。

2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。

2. 试题类型1) 多项选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）；2) 简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）。

本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。

通过分析各大院校《翻译硕士英语》考研真题可知，阅读理解的出题形式主要为四至五篇文章，其中一至两篇为简答题，其他文章为多项选择题，一般多项选择题每题2分，简答题每题2至4分。

由于《翻译硕士英语》由各招生单位自主命题，阅读部分的文章长度差别比较大，阅读量大的能达到4000多词（如四川大学），小的只有1500词左右（如对外经贸大学），大多数院校阅读量控制在2500词至3000词左右。

1.2 解题技巧指南1. 阅读理解常见考题分析阅读理解中，常见的考题主要有：主旨题、细节题、推断题和语义题等。

每种题型对考生的能力和知识考查的侧重点都有所不同。

下面就每一种题型及其解题思路进行分析讲解。

(1) 主旨题测试考生对整篇短文主要内容、中心大意的理解。

文章的主题思想就是作者通过文章所要表达的观点、感情和思想等。

主题思想往往是通过文章中各部分内容及其内在联系体现出来的，通常由一个或两个句子来表达，这类题目的解题关键在于文章的第一段和最后一段。

(2) 细节题细节题是阅读理解部分常见的题目类型，考查考生对文章中某个具体信息的理解。

◇形容词、副词及词组1.The problems you point out are______in the system;to get rid of them we’d have to change the whole system.A.inherentB.obstinateC.inheritedD.overall【答案】A【解析】inherent内在的，固有的。

obstinate固执的。

inherited遗传的。

overall总体的。

2.Wherever she goes,she can never forget to spread religion.She is a______ missionary.A.queerB.kindC.treacherousD.zealous【答案】D【解析】zealous热忱的。

queer奇怪的。

kind善良的。

treacherous凶险的。

3.You can trust that radio station,whose new reports are always______.A.impartialB.one-sidedC.interestingD.audible【答案】A【解析】impartial公正的，客观的。

one-sided单方的。

interesting有趣的。

audible 听得见的。

4.Though they’ve made some breakthrough,chances of success remain______A.remoteB.modestC.furtherD.difficult【答案】B【解析】modest不大的，适中的。

remote遥远的。

further进一步的。

difficult困难的。

5.We are having______repairs done to the building;many rooms are in dilapidated condition.A.profoundB.promptC.extensiveD.vast【答案】C【解析】句意：我们正在全面修葺这座大楼，楼里的许多房间已经处于塌陷的状态。

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Education and work can be restructured to teach and ______ the skills of concentration and focus.A. proposeB. propagateC. propelD. proceed2. It's difficult to _________ the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A. reconcileB. combineC. relateD. integrate3. Break out of this guilt and let yourself ________ in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A. absorbB. indulgeC. involveD. relish4. For this, we never ________ the use of force, as it is common aspiration and sacred mission of the people of China to safeguard China’s sovereignty and also to reunify our motherland.A. declareB. renounceC. announceD. claim5. Because of his adventures, he is a person of far greater experience and ________.A. resourcefulnessB. resourcesC. considerationsD. thoughtfulness6. If a machine, railway line, or bridge is ________, it is deliberately damaged or destroyed, for example, in a war or as a protest.A. explodedB. bombedC. bombardedD. sabotaged7. Even if we could collect most of what we gave out – which we can't – a scant _______ of high-powered weapons in the hands of bad actors can be disastrous in a place where government control is weak.A. amountB. volumeC. handfulD. number8. Study the contract thoroughly and carefully, ________ your duties and what happens if you break the contract.A. scrutinizeB. watchC. observeD. keep9. Half of those surveyed say that the penalty should be as severe as ________ for drunk driving.A. theseB. thoseC. thisD. that10. If you describe someone as ________, you disapprove of them because they are too proud of their social status, intelligence, or taste.A. arrogantB. snobbishC. conceitedD. contemptuous11. If Albert Einstein lived today, he would be surprised by what _______ in science and technology.A had discovered B. had been discoveredC. has discovered.D. has been discovered.12. ---- Your sister nearly devoted all her time to her course during the three years.---- That’s right, or she _________ the first place in her school in the 2018 College Entrance Examination.A. wouldn’t takeB. wouldn’t have takenC. hadn’t takenD. couldn’t take13. The country has sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched14. A whale is _______ a fish _______ a horse is.A. no more, thanB. no rather, thanC. not more, thanD. not, rather than15. Fortunately, a British games and advertising company, Captive Media,has ________ a solution to cope with the situation.A. come offB. come up withC. come overD. come on16. While governments and companies should take ________ measures to stop abuse, attempts to control the Internet is not the simple solution.A. sentimentalB. sensitiveC. sensationalD. sensible17. I'm sure I'm not alone in feeling anxious, ______ and worried when I don't have my phone with me.A. in edgeB. on edgeC. at edgeD. off edge18. What we are suggesting is that a population-wide ________ to reduce salt intake, even slightly, will have health benefits.A. effortB. affectC. effectD. efficacy19. Experts say that on a hot and humid day we can lose up to four litres of fluid through sweating and ________.A. inhalationB. exhalationC. expirationD. inspiration20. For a small number of us, extreme jealousy can lead to ________ behaviourlike stalking and it can also cause depression, ________ relationships and even kill.A. obsessing ... destroyingB. obsessive ... destroyC. obsession ... destructionD. obsessed... destroyed21. This is the last part of the hike now and it will be difficult. Let’s take a break to____________and then keep going.A. take ourselvesB. support ourselvesC. go ourselvesD. steady ourselves22. Hundreds of people turned ___ at Sophie's Hair when they saw an advert offeringfree haircuts _____ no strings attached.A. on ... atB. up ... withC. in ... onD. down ... of23. It found that the high rate of infant brain cell production could increase forgetfulness, because new cells ____________ existing mental circuits.A. interfere withB. add intoC. affect intoD. result from24. There's a new system in development which will make it possible to read the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger, and use them to ___________ payments – or prove that it's you making the payments.A. realizeB. engageC. authenticateD. appreciate25. For the lucky few, there's the chance of being plucked from ___________ and thrown into the glamorous world of modeling.A. celebrityB. obscurityC. irritationD. integration26. In 2002, in an ____________ move in the European Union, Germany ________ some rights to animals in its constitution.A. incredible ... deliveredB. unbelievable ... relievedC. indecent ... tookD. unprecedented ... granted27. Around the world, girls do better than boys at school while in only three regions – Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state Himachal Pradesh –________________ with boys doing better.A. was reversed the trendB. was the trend reversedC. the trend was reversedD. reversed was the trend28. In Britain, the Equality Act of 2010 makes it _________ for organizations to make reasonable __________ for disabled people.A. obligatory ... developmentB. responsible ... changesC. mandatory ... adjustmentsD. significant ... technique29. A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to _______ people to create a better future.A. inspireB. umpireC. expireD. respire30. Why you are made to walk down many aisles to reach the everyday _________ at the back of the shop?A. essentialsB. essenceC. commodityD. baseII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there aretwo passages followed by a total of 10 short-answer questions. Read thepassages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (20%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 37 are based on the following passage.Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the “social responsibility approach” and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.31.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A. The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greaterpotential for success than does the original SBA approach.B. There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of someMESBIC’s.C. After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses havebegun to expand at a steady rate.D. Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equallysuccessful federal programs on which to rely.32.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differs from the SBA approach inthat MESBIC’sA. seek federal contracts to provide markets for minority businesses.B. encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.C. attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D. rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.33.Which of the following does the author cite to support the conclusion that the resultsof the SBA program were disappointing?A. The small number of new minority enterprises formed as a result of the program.B. The small number of minority enterprises that took advantage of the management andtechnical assistance offered under the program.C. The small percentage of the nation’s business receipts earned by minority enterprisesfollowing the programs implementation.D. The small percentage of recipient minority enterprises that were able to repayfederally guaranteed loans made under the program.34.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from thepassage?A. The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.B. Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than wasmanagement and technical assistance.C. The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than therate that actually resulted.D. Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable forbusiness development.35.The author’s primary objective in the passage is to ________.A. disprove the view that federal efforts to aid minority businesses have been ineffectiveB. explain how federal efforts to aid minority businesses have changed since the 1960’sC. establish a direct link between the federal efforts to aid minority businesses madebefore the 1960’s and those made in the 1980’sD. analyze the basis for the belief that job-specific experience is more useful to minoritybusinesses than is general management experience36.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff memberstoward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can best be described as A. disapproving B. defensiveC. shockedD. indifferent37.The passage provides information that would answer which of the followingquestions?A. What was the average annual amount, in dollars, of minority business receipts beforethe SBA strategy was implemented?B. What locations are considered to be unfavorable for minority businesses?C. What is the current success rate for minority businesses that are capitalized byMESBIC’s?D. How has the use of federal funding for minority businesses changed since the1960’s?Passage 2Questions 38 to 44 are based on the following passage.In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia. Few academic programs have ever received such public attention. In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling. Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men andwomen is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion. The ideal is one of interdependency.In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s and women’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.38.Which of the following best summarizes the content of the passage?A. A critique of a particular women’s studies program.B. A report of work in social theory done by a particular women’s studies program.C. An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular women’s studiesprogram.D. An analysis of the philosophy underlying women’s studies programs.339.It can be inferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of women’s studies undertook an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of thefollowing?A. Attacks by critics of the Ewha women’s studies program.B. The superficiality of earlier critiques of Freudian theory.C. The popularity of Freud in Korean psychiatric circles.D. Their assessment of the relevance and limitations of Western feminist theory withrespect to Korean culture.40.Which of the following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas toKorean society can be supported by information contained in the passage?A. Except for technological innovations, few Western ideas have been successfullytransplanted into Korean society.B. The introduction of Western ideas to Korean society is viewed by some Koreans as achallenge to Korean identity.C. The development of the Korean economy depends heavily on the development ofnew academic programs modeled after Western programs.D. The extent to which Western ideas must be adapted for acceptance by Korean societyis minimal.41.It can be inferred from the passage that the position taken by some of the supportersof the Ewha women’s studies program was problematic to the founders of theprogram because those supporters ________.A. assumed that the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of WesterntheoryB. failed to show concern for the issues of national unification and economicdevelopmentC. were unfamiliar with Western feminist theoryD. were not themselves scholars in the field of women’s studies42.Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of personalitydevelopment held by the Ewha women’s studies group?A. Personality development occurs in identifiable stages, beginning with dependency inchildhood and ending with independence in adulthood.B. Any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal.C. Personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which aperson lives.D. Personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent.43.Which of the following statements about the Western feminist critique ofFreudian theory can be supported by information contained in the passage?A. It recognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory.B. It was written after 1977.C. It acknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family.D. It challenges Freud’s analysis of the role of daughters in Western society.44.According to the passage, critics of the Ewha women’s studies program cited theprogram as a threat to which of the following?I.National identityII.National unificationIII.Economic developmentIV.Family integrityA. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. I, II, and III onlyD. II, III, and IV onlyPassage 3Questions 45 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice production among theirtenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns’ search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.45.Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financialsituation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?A. A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay offits debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.B. Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.C. A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners haveno credit history.D. A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profitsdecrease.46.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced byJapan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that ________.A. spending had outdistanced incomeB. trade had fallen offC. profits from mining had declinedD. the coinage had been sharply debased47.The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debtfor which of the following reasons?A. Agricultural production had increased.B. Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.C. There was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.D. The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as governmentrevenues increased.48.The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office of tax collectorA. was a source of personal profit to the officeholderB. was regarded with derision by many JapaneseC. remained within familiesD. existed only in castle-towns49.The passage implies that which of the following was the primary reason why theTokugawa shoguns turned to city merchants for help in financing the state?A. A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.B. Most of the country’s wealth appeared to be in city merchants’ hands.C. Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural disasters such asfloods.D. The merchants were already heavily indebted to the shoguns.50.According to the passage, the actions of the Tokugawa shoguns in their search forsolvency for the government were regrettable because those actionsA. raised the cost of living by pushing up pricesB. resulted in the exhaustion of the most easily worked deposits of silver and goldC. were far lower in yield than had originally been anticipatedD. did not succeed in reducing government spendingSection B Short-Answer Questions (20%)Passage 4Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei (first-generation immigrants) were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the “boss” system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed; and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A related institution was the “labor club,” which provided jobinformation and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership.When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’s strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei thus moved quickly from wage-labor employment to sharecropping agreements. A limited amount of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporations. As the Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain agricultural independence were hampered by government restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children’s names.Nakane’s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information about the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation derives from Nakane’s methodology—that of oral history—which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Future research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities?51.What is the primary purpose of the passage?52.According to the passage, what is the name of the cooperative association whosemembers were dues-paying Japanese laborers?53. What can you infer from the passage about immigrants’ landownership asprescribed by the Alien Land Law of 1913?54.Several Issei families join together to purchase a strawberry field and thenecessary farming equipment. What does such a situation best exemplify, as isdescribed in the passage?55. In the last paragraph, why does the author say that the study is too particularistic? Passage 5Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.All of the cells in a particular plant start out with the same complement of genes. How then can these cells differentiate and form structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits? The answer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are expressed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accomplished by a complex system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory molecules. Five major hormones have been identified: auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellin. Studies of plants have now identified a new class of regulatory molecules called oligosaccharins.Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic rather than specific; that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and。