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氨氧化古细菌（AOA）的研究进展周博（生物技术4班生命科学学院黑龙江大学哈尔滨 150080 ）摘要：一直以来，氨氧化细菌（AOB）是硝化反应中负责将NH4+ 转化成为NO2- 的一类无机自养微生物。
近几年来国外一些学者于海洋中发现氨氧化古细菌（AOA）存在，它们同样广泛存在于土壤、自然水体、污水处理厂、垃圾渗滤液等产生硝化反应的环境中，负责将氨转化为亚硝酸盐。
甚至在某些生态环境中，AOA 占主导地位。
概述了国外对不同环境下氨氧化古细菌种群多样性的差异，以及各类环境中共有的氨氧化古细菌种类。
最后，对今后氨氧化菌深入研究的方向及其功能作了进一步的展望。
关键字：氨氧化古细菌系统发育生态分布Advances on Ecological Research of AmmoniaoxidizingZhouBo（The 4th class of Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080）Abstract：For long times, ammonia oxidation by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB）is the key process in thenitration reaction. These ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are a kind of inorganic autotrophic microorganism who have theresponsibility of transferring NH4+ to NO2-. But in these several years, some foreign researchers found ammonia-oxidizingarchaea （AOA）who exist in the marine. They are generally in the environment which contains nitration reaction,such as soils, fresh water, wastewater treatment systems. soils and even wastewater treatment. AOA have thesame function as AOB, and in some certain habit, the AOA are the predominant oxidizer. We also summarize thediversity difference between the AOA in various environments. Here we describe our perspectives for the future researchof AOA in applied ecology and environmental protection．Keywords：Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Phylogeny; Ecological distribution氨氧化古细菌（AOA）有关16SrRNA和amoA基因的研究进展针对硝化反应限制速率的第一步———氨氧化反应的研究，一直都集中在AOB。
