公共英语等级考试四级快速阅读训练题

注意：1.所提供的中文大致是按照原语顺序翻译过来的，目的是尽可能模拟同学们的阅读实况。

因此，中文仅供参考，不可依赖。

希望同学们在中文的帮助下理解语句，在理解的基础上速读，然后通过速读突破母语依赖，最终与西洋文达到心有灵犀、心领神会的境界。

2.要求自己理解每句话的“合理性”，切忌当改错题来做，不需要纠结“他为啥不那么写为啥不用那个时态为啥要省略”。

3.▲“孙子兵法”特别点出的修饰结构、句式，在四级考试中极具典型性，须高度重视。

希望同学们通过简化的结构分析，理解句意，然后通过熟读，最终熟悉西洋文中各种典型结构。

4.V表示动词，V-ing表示动词的ing形式，V-ed表示动词的被动/完成形式，N表示名词5.愿诸君乘风破万里浪。

1.Things get stolen when it is just easy to steal them because they are left lying around unwatched.（5s）东西被偷走当偷走它们是很容易的时候，因为它们就放在那里而无人看管。

（也就是说，当东西就放在一边无人看管时是很容易被偷走的，这种情况下就会发生盗窃。

）2.There have been hundreds of thefts and cases of deliberate damaging of public property, which usually involves breaking windows or lights, or writing on walls. （8s）有数百个盗窃案和故意损坏公共财产案，这其中常常包括电灯和窗户，或者在墙上写字。

孙子兵法：本句主干是there have been hundreds of A and B.随后接着的which从句是对B这个内容(deliberate damaging of public property)进行举例说明。

3.Your creative imagination is what you use to make sense of your experiences. It's your creative mind that gets the meaning from the chaos of your experiences and brings order to your world. (9s)你充满创意的想象力就是你用来理解经验的东西。

2012年12月英语四级考试第一套快速阅读答案(网友版)中国教育在线讯2012年12月22日全国大学英语四、六级考试开考，本次考试报考人数达938万人。

中国教育在线外语频道为广大考生搜集了2012年12月英语四级考试第一套快速阅读答案，以供广大考生参考：英语四级快速阅读答案1. A.soil erosion, landslides and floods.2. C . The protection of habitat and prevent the loss of species.3. Rainforest trees closely rely on what? D plant and animal.4. B. Because they can help prevent soil erosion.5. C.Because of human destruction of virgin forest.6. C the conservation of migratory species of rainforest.7. A increase species diversity.8. Rainforest deforestation increases the likelihood of soil erosion, landslides and floods9. Some reforestation efforts focused on the development of forest soon because the forest is key to many of the planet's natural cycle, such as carbon and water cycles.10. installation of artificial bat roosts in defore sted areas can encourage these unique flight-enabled mammals (such as glasses flying fox ) seed dispersal and forest regeneration.温馨提示-专业文档供参考，请仔细阅读后下载，最好找专业人士审核后使用！。

6月英语四级快速阅读题及答案阅读是英语四级考试中比例较大的一个重要环节，那么如何在阅读题上夺得高分呢?肯定是做题。

下面是CN人才网为大家整理的2017年6月英语四级快速阅读题及答案，欢迎参考~2017年6月英语四级快速阅读题及答案Real.time web search—-which scours only the latest updates to services like Twitter—is currently generating quite a buzz because it can provide a glimpse of what people around the world are thinking or doing at any given moment.Interest in this kind of search is so great that，according to recent leaks，Google is considering buying Twitter.The latest research from the interact search giant，though，suggests that real—time results could be even more powerful—they may reveal the future as well as the present.Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian combined data from Google Trends on the popularity of different search terms with models used by economists to predict trends in areas such as travel and home sales.The result?Better forecasts in A.most every case.It works because searches reveal something about people’s intentions.Google has demonstrated before that search data can predict flu outbreaks，and last week World Bank economist Erik Feyen said he could cut errors in a model that forecasts lending to the private sector by 15%using Google search data.But real-time results could have even more predictive power：knowing what people are actually doing，not just thinking，at a particular instant gives a strong hint of the future consequences.Johan Bollen of Los A.amos NationA. Laboratory and A.berto Pepe of the University of California，Los Angeles，applied amood rating system to the text from over 10，000 Future Me emails sent in 2006 to gauge people’s hopes，fears and predictions for the future.They found that emails directed at 2007 to 2012 were significantly more depressed in tone than messages aimed at the subsequent six years.Could they have predicted the world’s current economic slump?Without more data，that is no more than an intriguing possibility.So Bollen plans to look at more Future Me emails，as well as Twitter messages，to search for mood swings that foreshadow other economic changes.If he finds any such links.the sanle sources might be used to try and predict future economic fluctuations.So will our online footsteps become a central part of economic forecasting?We’11 have to wait and see——0r perhaps do a quick web search.61.What is real-time web search.like Twitter?A.It tells us what people did in past days.B.It generates quite a buzz in recent days.C.It provides latest news about everything.D.It informs what people do in the future.62.What is the result of research established by Google researchers Hyunyoung Choi and Hal Varian?A.They gain nothing special from the combination of data and models.B. 11ley indeed reveal something about people’s intentions in such areas.C. They find that the future trends cannot be predicted from the research.D.They totally understand the future trends of these areas from research.63.What can we infer from Para.5?A. It is possible for researchers to get some hints from the Future Me emails.B. There is no relationship between the depression and economic slump.C.There is a potential relationship between depression and economic slump.D.The Future Me emails may indicate people’s reaction about future prediction.64.What’s the meaning of“Without more data,that is no more than an intriguing possibility.”?A. More data are necessary to turn this possibility to be reality.B.The possibility is just all intriguing possibility without data.C. No amount of data cannot be a strong proof for the possibility.D.More data are needed to turn it out to be a pure possibility.65.What’s the attitude of author to real.time search?A.Negative.B.Critical.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.61.What is real-time web search，like Twitter?像Twitter一样的实时搜索是什么?A.It tells us what people did in past days.它能告诉我们人们在过去都做什么。

Passage 1 Beauty and Body Image in the MediaImages of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women‟s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they‟ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career. Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. l women And it‟s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not alneed to lose weight, for sure they‟re all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women‟s He alth in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with. The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90 to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight).On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls. The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged —including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (women uses unhealthy methods of weight control泻药) abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women‟s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar.Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in Nine- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and  and as a result have Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner,engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 per cent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 per cent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the televisio n programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.”Unattainable BeautyPerhaps most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea ( 慢性腹泻) and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder. The Culture of Thinnesshalf times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men‟s Researchers report that women‟s magazines have ten and one-h alf magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women‟s magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman‟s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. uts Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman‟s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fo reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above ing a average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about weared by canned audience laughter. sack?”), and 80 per cent of these negative comments are followThere have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck ( 抵制，反抗) the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Châtelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to -thin models were banned from include model s less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world‟s biggest fashion capitals, ultras less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world‟s biggest fashion capitals, ultrathe runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a  most true to life measurement. unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women‟s bodies in order to find theEthicsAnother issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women‟s Magazines” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were -Improvement or Self-Destruction? overrepresent ed in mainstream women‟s magazines from 1999 to 2004. Selfand The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustment—that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women‟s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, h and judge themselves by the beauty industry‟s standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete wit them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。

专业四级考试快速阅读练习及答案专业四级考试快速阅读练习及答案In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31. The purpose of the passage is to_____.A. describe ways of eliminating mosquito larvaeB. demonstrate the great differences among kinds of mosquitoesC. show reasons for the high survival rate of mosquitoesD. give a general deion of mosquito developmentNow read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.Each variety of mosquitos has its favored kind of water accumulation for breeding, and almost every imaginable type of still water has been used by at least one kind of mosquito to lay its eggs. After the eggs hatch, the larvae continue to be closely associated with water’s surface at the tail ends of their bodies. Because the larvae develop this way, they are never found in the open water of lakes where they would merely serve as fish food, or in places where they would be damaged by wave action or water currents.TEXT FFirst read the following questions.32. The main idea of the passage is ______.A. how to play tennisB. how to win a tennis matchC. the general introduction of the gameD. what is a game in tennis33. The author drives his point home by______.A. giving the detailsB. explaining step by stepC. offering strong proofsD. making vivid deionsNow read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Let’s talk about tennis between just two players. You know that the two players hit a ball across the net. One side must hit the ball so that the other player cannot hit it back over the net. The ball mus t stay within the lines. If the first player can’t do this, the opponent gets a point. The players always stop when one wins a point. To start play again, one player will serve. He or she throws the ball into the air and hits it. The ball must cross the net without hitting it. The other player must hit the ball back across the net before it hits the ground twice. If the ball doesn’t hit the net or the ground twice, the players keep hitting it over the net. This goes on until someone misses. A player needs four points to win a game. If both players have three points, then one must get two more points together to win. When one player wins six games, it is called a set. If each side wins five games, then one must win two more games together to win the set. If each player wins six games, they play one more game of seven points. A match usually has three or five sets.TEXT GFirst read the following question.34. While at London airports, you have to present your passport at______.A. the carouselB. the Immigration HallC. the customsD. the Arrivals HallNow read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.Arriving at London airports. Just follow these simple steps for a trouble free arrival. Follow the ARRIVALS sign if you are ending your journey in London or transferring to a UK domestic flight. This will take you to the Immigration Hall where you must present your passport and any necessary visa/health documentation.At HEATHROW airport proceed downstairs to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. At GATEWICK airport proceed downstairs in the North Terminal to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. Free trolleys are available for your bags. To clear customs take the Red Channel if you have goods to declare or the Green Channel if you have no goods to declare. You will then be in the Arrivals Hall. From here you can obtain transport into central London; transfer between GATEWICK and HEATHROW airports and transfer to UK domestic flights.TEXT HFirst read the following questions.?35. The total amount of cooking time for each vegetable is______.A. 4 minutes for the potatoes and 10 minutes for the cucumberB. 10 minutes for the potatoes and 4 minutes for the cucumberC. 4 minutes for the cucumber and 14 minutes for the potatoesD. 14 minutes for the cucumber and 4 minutes for the potatoes36. Which of the following statements agrees with the menu directions?A. The dish is enough to go round.B. Four serving spoons are needed.C. The dish is to be shared by four persons.D. Four guests can help themselves to the dish.37. According to this recipe, ______.A. parsley, salt and pepper are to be added by a sprinklerB. the dish has to be properly seasoned with salt and pepperC. parsley is used for decorationD. the dish must be tossed to everybody’s tasteNow read Text H quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.RecipePotatoes and Cucumber with Parsley2 potatoes, about 3/4 pound1 cucumber, about 3/4 pound1 tablespoon butter1 tablespoon finely chopped parsleySalt and pepper to tastePeel the potatoes. Split them in half lengthwise, then cut into quarters.Put the potatoes in a small skillet with water to cover. Bring to the boil and cook about 10 minutes.Meanwhile scrape the cucumber. Cut it into 11/2 inch lengths. Cut each length in half.When the potatoes have cooked 10 minutes, add the cucumbers. Cook about four minutes. Drain.Add the butter to the vegetables and toss. Sprinkle with parsley, salt and pepper to taste and serve. Yielding: 4 servings.TEXT IFirst read the following questions.38. How does a student know what the homework assignments are?A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class.B. The student reads the list on the next page.C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week in class.D. The student goes to the professor’s office and asks.39. If a freshman thinks that he might major in history, what is the maximum length his paper can be?A. Fifteen pages.B. Twenty five pages.?C. T en pages.D. No maximum.40. If a student cannot see Prof. Klammer during her office hours, what should he do?A. See her after class.B. Call her at home.C. Ask another student.D. Make an appointment with her.Now read Text I quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.COURSE OUTLINE FOR HISTORY 101, DR. JANE KLAMMER?COURSE: History 101 "Introduction to American History"INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane KlammerOFFICE: 305 Marshall HallOFFICE HOURS: 11.15～12.30 M W FCLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3.35～5.00 T Th 10:10～11:00 M W F Other times by appointmentTELEPHONE: 255-4786?TEXTBOOK: Green, Robert P., The American Tradition: A History of the United States, Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984(available at the College Bookstore) COURSE REQUIREMENTS:mid term exam: October 10 20% of the final gradefinal exam: December 10 40% of the final gradeterm paper due: December 15 40% of the final gradeAttendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures. In the lectures I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student.Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in th。

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英语四级快速阅读专项练习(含答案解析) 英语四级快速阅读专项练习(含答案解析) （一） Skimming and Scanning Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Animals on the Move It looked like a scene from Jaws but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over. Moving to Survive In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals. Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They1 / 2also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking. Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. ...。

Directions:In this part,you will have15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet1.For questions1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].For questions8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Visualize Your SuccessHave you ever heard of visualization(可视化)?Of course you have.Everybody’s heard of visualization and everybody partakes in it whether they realize it or not.How it works though is an altogether different matter.I want to take a closer look today at the mechanics of why visualizing works without necessarily delving into concepts and theories that cannot be proven.The brain has great difficulty in distinguishing between what’s true and what’s imagined.There is an off-cited(经常被引用的)example of an experiment conducted by Austrahan Psychologist,Alan Richardson.He took some basketball players and split them into3 equal groups.One group was told to practice their free throw technique twenty minutes per day. The next group was told to spend twenty minutes per day visualizing,but not attempting free throws,and the final group wasn’t allowed to either practice or visualize.At the end of the test period the group that had done nothing remained as they were,but both the other groups showed similar degrees of improvement,The people who only visualized playing basketball were able to perform almost as well as the ones who had actually practiced."How can that be so?"Firstly,the people practicing would miss some shots.Each time they missed they had in effect,practiced how to miss.The people that were visualizing would be hitting every basket so they were building up the feelings and memory of how to be successful.Forging a Path through a MeadowImagine walking home from a new job.You suddenly realize that there is a meadow of long grass that will cut20minutes off your walk.If you live in New York you’re going to need a great imagination for this one.The first few times you can barely see which way you had walked the previous day. However,after10or20times you can clearly see a pathway starting to form,and after100times all the grass is worn away and there’s a farmer with a shotgunand large dog waiting for you at the end.Let’s presume our gun-toting friend is a big softie and he allows you to use that route as long as you want.What are the odds that next time you try a slightly different direction?Slim to none would be my guess.After all,you know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.On the other hand,if Farmer Giles starts taking pot shotsat you and sportingly lets the dog try and shoot you too,before releasing it to sink its gnashers into your rear end,then you’ll probably find a new way home once you’re released fromhospital.The next time you’re walking home you opt against reacquainting yourself with Fido and spot another meadow further along the road.The same process then begins to take place only this time the original path you made has started to grow back.How We Create a Path in Our Mind That is what happens when we form thoughts in our mind.The first time we have a new thought it is a weakling(虚弱者)of a thought that has sand kicked in its face by stronger thoughts and beliefs.Each time you re-think it though it grows instrength as the physical pathway becomes more and more well-defined.Not only that,but if it is a belief that contradicts one you already hold,the older belief starts to atrophy and die.This also explains why we have the same thoughts over and over again and why people have difficulty snapping negative loops(循环)of thinking.The pathway has been established and it’s just easier to continue following it than trying to thinkabout something new and form a new connection in the brain.Making Visualization Work for YouVisualization is an incredibly successful and simple way of speeding up the process by fooling the unconscious into believing that you have already done something before you have. That’s what the basketball visualizers were doing,fooling their own unconscious into thinking they know how to hit basket after basket.Of course this in and of itself will not turn you into an NBA star,you do actually have to practice as well,but it will help you succeed more quickly.All you need to do to be successful at this is to visualize yourself doing something,as you would like to do it.Profound stuff,huh?Seriously though,that is all there is to it.How long you do it each day will affect the speed of change and it’s reallynot advisable visualizing your success for20minutes per day and then spending10 hours worrying about failing and replaying negative stuff in your head.It kind of defeats the object.You can also incorporate the"fake it till you make it"method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.This is simply a matter of pretending you are already proficient at something before you really are.Again,it’s simply a way of tricking your unconscious and getting it to do what you want it to do.Some people have difficulty with this process and tell me it’s being unrealistic.Well yeh,maybe they’re right,but who cares?If you want to be shackled by the chains of realism then go ahead,knock yourself out,but let me tell you this.There are few highly successful people out there that haven’t used this method or visualization at one time or another.In fact,successful people don’t care too much for reality;it just gets in the way and slows them down.What about you?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

英语四级快速阅读专项训练（真题版附答案和详解）Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentence with the information given in the passage.1.Why Integrity MattersWhat Is Integrity?The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct, Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’m just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask howyou would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yore shoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment, an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact, when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away with it - Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty and afraid of getting caught.Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.Cheating Hurts Other, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的) effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30％or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeing students learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MartenIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate,have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD) sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we don’t break any rules.D. so that we don’t run into trouble.4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentions.5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other people’s advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.A) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to _____________________________.9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s _________________________.10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of ________________________________.2.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain. Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideasor presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2010年12月英语四级快速阅读真题及答案Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, n o matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundlydamaging.Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

专业四级考试快速阅读练习及答案【英语方法】In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31. The purpose of the passage is to_____.A. describe ways of eliminating mosquito larvaeB. demonstrate the great differences among kinds of mosquitoesC. show reasons for the high survival rate of mosquitoesD. give a general deion of mosquito developmentNow read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.Each variety of mosquitos has its favored kind of water accumulation for breeding, and almost every imaginable type of still water has been used by at least one kind of mosquito to lay its eggs. After the eggs hatch, the larvae continue to be closely associated with water’s surface at the tail ends of their bodies. Because thelarvae develop this way, they are never found in the open water of lakes where they would merely serve as fish food, or in places where they would be damaged by wave action or water currents.TEXT FFirst read the following questions.32. The main idea of the passage is ______.A. how to play tennisB. how to win a tennis matchC. the general introduction of the gameD. what is a game in tennis33. The author drives his point home by______.A. giving the detailsB. explaining step by stepC. offering strong proofsD. making vivid deionsNow read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Let’s talk about tennis between just two players. You know that the two players hit a ball across the net. One side must hit the ball so that the other player cannot hit it back over the net. The ball must stay within the lines. If the first player can’t do this, the opponent gets a point. The players always stop when one wins a point. To startplay again, one player will serve. He or she throws the ball into the air and hits it. The ball must cross the net without hitting it. The other player must hit the ball back across the net before it hits the ground twice. If the ball doesn’t hit the net or the ground twice, the players keep hitting it over the net. This goes on until someone misses. A player needs four points to win a game. If both players have three points, then one must get two more points together to win. When one player wins six games, it is called a set. If each side wins five games, then one must win two more games together to win the set. If each player wins six games, they play one more game of seven points. A match usually has three or five sets.TEXT GFirst read the following question.34. While at London airports, you have to present your passport at______.A. the carouselB. the Immigration HallC. the customsD. the Arrivals HallNow read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.Arriving at London airports. Just follow these simple steps for a trouble free arrival. Follow the ARRIVALS sign if you are ending your journey in London or transferring to a UK domestic flight. This will take you to the Immigration Hall where you must present yourpassport and any necessary visa/health documentation.At HEATHROW airport proceed downstairs to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. At GATEWICK airport proceed downstairs in the North Terminal to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. Free trolleys are available for your bags. To clear customs take the Red Channel if you have goods to declare or the Green Channel if you have no goods to declare. You will then be in the Arrivals Hall. From here you can obtain transport into central London; transfer between GATEWICK and HEATHROW airports and transfer to UK domestic flights.TEXT HFirst read the following questions.?35. The total amount of cooking time for each vegetable is______.A. 4 minutes for the potatoes and 10 minutes for the cucumberB. 10 minutes for the potatoes and 4 minutes for the cucumberC. 4 minutes for the cucumber and 14 minutes for the potatoesD. 14 minutes for the cucumber and 4 minutes for the potatoes36. Which of the following statements agrees with the menu directions?A. The dish is enough to go round.B. Four serving spoons are needed.C. The dish is to be shared by four persons.D. Four guests can help themselves to the dish.37. According to this recipe, ______.A. parsley, salt and pepper are to be added by a sprinklerB. the dish has to be properly seasoned with salt and pepperC. parsley is used for decorationD. the dish must be tossed to everybody’s tasteNow read Text H quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.RecipePotatoes and Cucumber with Parsley2 potatoes, about 3/4 pound1 cucumber, about 3/4 pound1 tablespoon butter1 tablespoon finely chopped parsleySalt and pepper to tastePeel the potatoes. Split them in half lengthwise, then cut into quarters.Put the potatoes in a small skillet with water to cover. Bring to the boil and cook about 10 minutes.Meanwhile scrape the cucumber. Cut it into 11/2 inch lengths. Cut each length in half.When the potatoes have cooked 10 minutes, add the cucumbers. Cook about four minutes. Drain.Add the butter to the vegetables and toss. Sprinkle with parsley, salt and pepper to taste and serve. Yielding: 4 servings.TEXT IFirst read the following questions.38. How does a student know what the homework assignments are?A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class.B. The student reads the list on the next page.C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week in class.D. The student goes to the professor’s office and asks.39. If a freshman thinks that he might major in history, what is the maximum length his paper can be?A. Fifteen pages.B. Twenty five pages.?C. Ten pages.D. No maximum.40. If a student cannot see Prof. Klammer during her office hours, what should he do?A. See her after class.B. Call her at home.C. Ask another student.D. Make an appointment with her.Now read Text I quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.COURSE OUTLINE FOR HISTORY 101, DR. JANE KLAMMER?COURSE: History 101 "Introduction to American History"INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane KlammerOFFICE: 305 Marshall HallOFFICE HOURS: 11.15～12.30 M W FCLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3.35～5.00 T Th 10:10～11:00 M W F Other times by appointmentTELEPHONE: 255-4786?TEXTBOOK: Green, Robert P., The American Tradition: A History of the United States, Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984(available at the College Bookstore)COURSE REQUIREMENTS:mid term exam: October 10 20% of the final gradefinal exam: December 10 40% of the final gradeterm paper due: December 15 40% of the final gradeAttendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures. In the lectures I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student.Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in th。

下半年英语四级快速阅读题这篇关于2012年下半年英语四级快速阅读题，是笔者特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down sothat it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.11. Although heroes may come from differentcultures, they ________.A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans(A)12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ________.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident(C)13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow(B)14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ________.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people(B)15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place ff there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalities(A)本文讲的内容是英雄。

英语四级快速阅读专项练习(含答案解析)（一）Skimming and ScanningDirections: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws”but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tailwhips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.Source of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except____________.[A]to find food[B]to avoid being chased by its enemies[C]to find a new place to live[D]to show its braveness2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______________.[A]humans are the most clever living creatures in the world[B]human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment[C]humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools[D]humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?[A]The skin. [B]The tail. [C]The muscle. [D]The jaw.4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?[A]When moving its tail rapidly.[B]When finding its preys.[C]When staying without any movement.[D]When bending its body in swimming.5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?[A]Because it is also full of blood pressure.[B]Because it is also filled of air pressure.[C]Because it is also inflated by pressure.[D]Because it also can be used again and again.6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims________________.[A]slowly through the water[B]rapidly through the water[C]against the current[D]at the fastest speed in water7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel _________ as long as a slug.[A]one twelfth times[B]the same[C]12 times[D]1.2 times8.A shark finds its prey by________________.9.According to the passage, _______________can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.10.When the shark detects an important food source, _______________________take place.（二）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked E A I, I B 3, I C I and IDa. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.About Story ReaderParents dearly hope their children learn to read well. They also hope their children learn to read quickly and easily, so that they’re ready for the demands put on them by school and the world.Kids want to learn how to read, but they also crave entertainment, whether it’s quiet and passive or dynamic and interactive. The aims of the Story Reader line of electronic books are to entertain children and to introduce them to the processof learning how to read in a gentle and enjoyable way. In this article, we’ll show you how Story Reader works and if it accomplishes that goal.Story Reader is a compact, roughly 12-inch-by-12-inch plastic case (with a carrying handle ) that opens to reveal an actual book that fits snugly into the Reader itself. Story Reader’s core feature is that it "reads" the book aloud to a child as he follows along. The child turns the pages when prompted by the Story Reader or at his own pace.Books have both text and illustrations. The electronic book responds to the child’s wishes. The Story Reader speaks the text for the current page. If the child turns back a few pages, the Reader recognizes that page and reads it again. Kids react well to this interactivity because it instills a sense of cuntrol over the story.There are Three Story Reader ProductsThe basic Story Reader, introduced in 2003, is as described above and is intended for kids three years of age and older.Each book has a small companion cartridge that slides into a port on the case and contains the audio encoded into its memory for the story.The device has a volume control but no on/off switch--a deliberate choice so kids can simply open it up and begin reading. It takes four AAA batteries (or operates on household current with an optional adaptor) and retails for around $20.Find out more information about the more than 60 titles at the Story Reader website.Early in 2006, Publications International, Ltd.--Story Reader’s publisher--introduced My First Story Reader, designed for newborns to kids up to age three. As with the original, a narrator reads the story aloud, this time from a 12-page book made from a heavier paperstock that includes sound effects and music to enliven the experience.My First Story Reader features two play modes, one with narration, the other that asks questions about the images on each page. The child can press any of three buttons to answer basic questions about shapes and colors. The last two pages ofeach My First Story Reader book features a sing-along rhyming melody. My First Story Reader retails for about $20.Late in 2006, Publications International introduced a video version of Story Reader called Story Reader Video Plus for kids up to the age of seven. Retailing for about $35, it combines a stand-alone Story Reader with an "Animated Story Mode"that plays through your television and includes a "Learning Game Mode".The Animated Story Mode works just as it sounds--when you connect it to your television through color-coded cables, the story appears on screen and changes as your child turns the pages. Kids get to the Learning Game Mode by turning to thelast page of the book. There, they can choose from five educational games. While it depends on the story, generally there are pattern games, memory games, and platform games. Similar to Nintendo games like Super Mario Brothers, in a platform game the child uses the included controller to guide him through the environment and conquer obstacles.Story Reader Video Plus isn’t a video game, technically, and Publications International bills the Story Reader line more as electronic books than toys. This reassures many parents, and it’s why Story Reader is sold in bookstores and in the book section of major retailers.What about the Educational Underpinnings of Story Reader?Studies show an alarming decline in reading rates among all age groups in America, especially among the young.Children are bombarded on a daily basis with multiple forms of entertainment that compete with traditional learning.Kids naturally emulate the adults in their lives, and seeing their parents and other family members enjoy reading is a powerful motivator. Establishing and keeping a Read-At-Home Night helps families spend time together and helps form lifelong reading habits in children.Here’s how you do it:·Set aside one night a week in your household and call it "Read-At-Home Hour"--or anything you prefer. Establish a time allotment that works for your family, for example, 30 minutes or an hour.·Minimize interruptions from the TV, computer, and video games--and turn on the telephone answering machine.·Choose one book for the entire family to read aloud together, or encourage individual family members to choose their own books to read quietly. Electronic books can work in this context, as well.·Finally, sit down, relax, and read.1. The aims of the Story Reader line of electronic books are __[A] to entertain and teach children[B] to play with the child[C] to ease the parents’burden[D] to ease the teachers’burden2. Story Reader’s key characteristic is that __[A] it "reads" the book which the child likes[B] it "reads" the book while the child plays[C] it "reads" the book while the child follows along[D] it "reads" the book while the parent works3. Children __ are suitable users of the basic Story Reader.[A] up to six months old[B] up to age one[C] up to age two[D] up to age three4. The basic Story Reader for sale is about __[A] 12 dollars[B] 20 dollars[C] 35 dollars[D] 60 dollars5. My First Story Reader is characteristic with[A] two play modes[B] three play modes[C] four play modes[D] five play modes6. Story Reader Video Plus is a video version of Story Reader designed for __[A] newborns to kids up to age three[B] newborns to kids up to age seven[C] children up to the age of five[D] children up to the age of seven7. How many games can children choose from the Animated Story Mode?[A] four[B] five[C] six[D] seven8. If the Story Reader speaks the text for the current page, but the child tums back a few pages, it will __________9. Late in 2006, we can infer that there were Story Reader products___________.10. Like Super Mario Brothers, children in a platform game use the included controllers to__________（三）Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [ C ]and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Right Amount of EnergyWe all enjoy being around people with energy. They inspire us. They are stimulating, fun, and uplifting. An energetic person has passion in his voice, a bounce in his step, and a smile on his face. Energy makes a person likable, and likability is akey ingredient in persuasive communications. Many business professionals underestimate the energy level required to generate enthusiasm among their listeners. But electrifying speakers bring it. They have an energy that is several levels higher than the people they are attempting to influence.Most business professionals could use an energy boost for public speaking situations such as Webinars, podcasts, staff meetings, conference calls, and television and radio interviews. Each of these opportunities requires a higher level of energythan would normally be appropriate if you were just chatting to someone in the hallway. But how do you project the right level of vigor without seeming over the top? By weighing yourself on an energy scale. And on this scale, more is better.The Energy ScaleRecently I helped an executive prepare for his first major presentation in his new role."Tell me where your energy is right now on a scale of one to ten," I asked. "One being fast asleep and ten being Jim Cramer on Mad Money. You know, the guy who’s yelling and gesturing wildly on his CNBC show. Where are you now?""A three," the speaker replied."OK, what would it feel like to be a seven, eight or nine? Give it a try," I suggested.If they’re being honest, most presenters place themselves at a three to six on the energy scale. That means there is plenty of room to boost your energy while not appearing too zany. But keep in mind, once you hit a ten or higher, you could be the next YouTube (GOOG) hit--which is not necessarily your top objective! Here are several surefire strategies to boost your energy presence.1. Practice leaving your comfort zone.Record several minutes of your presentation as you would normally deliver it: Play it back, preferably with someone else watching and listening as well. Ask yourself and the observer, where am I on the energy scale? Now try it again. This time,break out of your comfort zone. Ham it up. Raise your voice. Use big gestures. Put a big smile on your face. Get to a point where you would feel slightly awkward and uncomfortable. Now watch it. Most likely your energy level will be far more engaging and still remain appropriate fur the situation.2. Smile and have fun.Why do most people seem to enjoy Virgin entrepreneur Richard Branson? Because the guy has fun and it shows. He always has a warm, engaging smile on his face. Of course, you can argue that it’s easy to walk around with a smile when you’re worth $4 billion! But seriously, smile. Itwon’t hurt and it will make you more likable. Most business professionals don’t smile as much as they should during presentations. I’m helping some executives prepare for CES, the big Consumer Electronics Show in January where they will announce new products. They get so caught up in the slides and what they’re going to say ( as they should during preparation ), they forget that new products bring joy to their consumers. In most cases--with the exception of bad news, of course--the first and last thing you say to yourself before launching into your presentation should be, "Have3. Get your body moving.Many people are uncomfortable using expansive hand gestures. Don’t be. I spoke to David McNeill at the University of Chicago, who is known for his research into gesture and speech. He says that clear, confident speakers use hand gestures and that the gestures leave a positive impression on listeners.He went on to say that using gestures will help you speak better because for most of us it takes effort not to use gestures.Don’t be afraid of using your hands.AOL’s (TWX) is one of my favorite video search engines. I use it to retrieve clips of business speakers to study their body language. Symantec’s (SYMC) John Thompson, Oracle’s (ORCL) Larry Ellison, Cisco’s (CSCO) John Chambers, and eBay’s (EBAY) Meg Whitman are excellent examples of people with confident, energetic body language.4. Study TV and radio personalities.Stars of television and radio who score high on the likability scale have high-energy personalities. I had a conversation with Suze Orman over the phone a couple of years ago and remember it to this day. Her energy comes right through the speaker. What you see on her CNBC show is what you get behind the scenes. High energy. The other day I watched Food Network (SSP) star Rachael Ray sign books at a mall where I happened to be shopping. Sometimes critics poke fun at her"perky" personality and phrases like "yum-o," but the fact is she has energy and millions of viewers enjoy it. The networkmorning-show hosts are typically chosen for their energetic personalities. Today’s Matt Lauer on NBC (GE) and The EarlyShow’s Julie Chen on CBS (CBS) are excellent examples, but there are many others on morning television.Remember, maintaining an energetic presence is very difficult to do unless you’re involved with something you enjoy. If you are truly passionate about your company, product, or service, then show it. Speak with energy and vitality. Your listenerswill love you for it.l. From the first paragraph, what is a key point in persuasive communication?[A] Stimulation.[B] Uplitting.[C] Fun.[D] Likability.2. Have an energy several levels higher than the people they are attempting to influence.[A] Electrifying speakers[B] Business professionals[C] Und.vnamic persons[D] Listeners3. How do people show the right level of energy without seeming over the top’?[A] By underestimating the energy level.[B] By undervaluing the energy level.[C] By estimating an energy scale.[D] By using a lower level of energy.4. The scale of the energy is[A] seven, eight or nine[B] ten or higher[C] three to six[D] one to ten5. What does the example mean in the third paragraph?[A] There is little room to boost your energy while not appeanng too zany.[B] There is a little room to boost your energy while not appearing too zany.[C] There is much room to boost your energy while not appearing too zany.[D] There is no room to boost your energy while not appearing too zany.6. Why is Virgin entrepreneur Richard Branson popular?[A] Because he has fun and it shows.[B] Because he doesn’t smile as much as he should during presentations.[C] Because he is very humorous.[D] Because he is famous.7. David McNeill says that confident speakers use __[A] hand gestures[B] speech[C] smile[D] expression8. I use AOL’s (TWX) to retrieve clips of business speakers to__________9. Stars of television and radio who score high on the lik ability scale have__________10. Maintaining an energetic presence is very difficult to do unless__________（四）The EarthPower and LightCompared to the rest of the universe, the Earth is very small. Our planet and seven others orbit the Sun, which is only one of about 200 billion stars in our galaxy. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the universe, which includes millions of othergalaxies and their stars and planets. By comparison, the Earth is microscopic.Compared to a person, on the other hand, the Earth is enormous. It has a diameter of 7,926 miles ( 12,756 kilometers) at the equator, and it has a mass of about 6 x 1024 kilograms. The Earth orbits the Sun at a speed of about 66,638 miles per hour (29.79 kilometers per second). Don’t dwell on those numbers too long, though; to a lot of people, the Earth is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly big. And it’s just a fraction of the size of the Sun.From our perspective on Earth, the Sun looks very small. This is because it’s about 93 million miles away from us. The Sun’s diameter at its equator is about 100 times bigger than Earth’s, and about a million Earths could fit inside the Sun. TheSun is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly bigger.But without the Sun, the Earth could not exist. In a sense, the Earth is a giant machine, full of moving parts and complex systems. All those systems need power, and that power comes from the Sun.The Sun is an enormous nuclear power source--through complex reactions, it transforms hydrogen into helium, releasing light and heat. Because of these reactions, every square meter of our planet’s surface gets about 342 Watts of energy from the Sun every year. This is about 1.7 ~ 1017 Watts total, or as much as 1.7 billion large power plants could generate. You can learn about how the Sun creates energy in How the Sun Works.When this energy reaches the Earth, it provides power for a variety of reactions, cycles and systems. It drives the circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. It makes food for plants, which many people and animals eat. Life on Earth could not exist without the Sun, and the planet itself would not have developed without it.To a casual observer, the Sun’s most visible contributions to life are light, heat and weather.Night and DaySome of the Sun’s biggest impacts on our planet are also its most obvious. As the Earth spins on its axis, parts of the planet are in the Sun while others are in the shade. In other words, the Sun appears to rise and set. The parts of the world that are in daylight get warmer while the parts that are dark gradually lose the heat they absorbed during the day.You can get a sense of how much the Sun affects the Earth’s temperature by standing outside on a partly cloudy day.When the Sun is behind a cloud, you feel noticeably cooler than when it isn’t. The surface of our planet absorbs this heat from the Sun and emits it the same way that pavement continues to give off heat in the summer after the Sun goes down. Ouratmosphere does the same thing-it absorbs the heat that the ground emits and sends some of it back to the Earth.The Earth’s relationship with the Sun also creates seasons. The Earth’s axis tips a little-about 23.5 degrees. One hemisphere points toward the Sun as the other points away. Thehemisphere that points toward the Sun is warmer and gets more light--it’s summer there, and in the other hemisphere it’s winter. This effect is less dramatic near the equator than at the poles, since the equator receives about the same amount of sunlight all year. The poles, on the other hand, receive no sunlight at all during their winter months, which is part of the reason why they’re frozen.Most people are so used to the differences between night and day (or summer and winter) that they take them for granted.But these changes in light and temperature have an enormous impact on other systems on our planet. One is the circulation of air through our atmosphere. For example:The Sun shines brightly over the equator. The air gets very warm because the equator faces the Sun directly and because the ozone layer is thinner there.As the air warms, it begins to rise, creating a low pressure system. The higher it rises, the more the air cools. Water condenses as the air cools, creating clouds and rainfall. The air dries out as the rain falls. The result is warm, dry air, relatively high in our atmosphere.Because of the lower air pressure, air rushes toward the equator from the north and south. As it warms, it rises, pushing the dry air away to the north and the south.The dry air sinks as it cools, creating high-pressure areas and deserts to the north and south of the equator.This is just one piece of how the Sun circulates air around the world--ocean currents, weather patterns and other factors also play a part. But in general, air moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, much the way that high-pressure air rushes from the mouth of an inflated balloon when you let go. Heat also generally moves from the warmer equator to the cooler poles.Imagine a warm drink sitting on your desk--the air around the drink gets warmer as the drink gets colder. This happens on Earth on an enormous scale.The Coriolis Effect, a product of the Earth’s rotation, affects this system as well. It causes large weather systems, like hurricanes, to rotate. It helps create westward-running trade winds near the equator and eastward-running jet streams in the northem and southem hemispheres. These wind patterns move moisture and air from one place to another, creating weather patterns. (The Coriolis Effect works on a large scale--it doesn’t really affect the water draining from the sink like some people suppose. )The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain. When the Sun warms air in a specific location, that air rises, creating an area of low pressure. More air rushes in from surrounding areas to fill the void, creating wind. Without the Sun, there wouldn’t be wind. There also might not be breathable air at all.Water and FireThe Sun has a huge effect’on our water. It warms the oceans around the tropics, and its absence cools the water around the poles. Because of this, ocean currents move large amounts of warm and cold water, drastically affecting the weather andclimate around the world. The Sun also drives the water cycle, which moves about 18,757 cubic miles (495,000 cubic kilometers) of water vapor through the atmosphere every year.If you’ve ever gotten out of a swimming pool on a hot day and realized a few minutes later that you were dry again, you have firsthand experience with evaporation. If you’ve seen water form on the side of a cold drink, you’ve seen condensation inaction. These are primary components of the water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle,。

英语四级考试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. A) The man is a professor.B) The man is a student.C) The man is a librarian.D) The man is a doctor.答案：C2. A) To attend a lecture.B) To go to a concert.C) To visit a museum.D) To see a movie.答案：A3. A) She is not feeling well.B) She is too busy to go out.C) She is waiting for a phone call.D) She is expecting a friend.答案：D...二、阅读理解（共20分）Passage 1What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The importance of a good diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The dangers of smoking.D) The effects of stress on health.答案：DPassage 2According to the passage, which of the following is true about the company?A) It has been in business for over 50 years.B) It has recently gone bankrupt.C) It has expanded into new markets.D) It has been acquired by a larger corporation.答案：C...三、完形填空（共20分）41. A) despiteB) althoughC) becauseD) unless答案：A42. A) surprisedB) disappointedC) satisfiedD) annoyed答案：B...四、翻译（共20分）43. 他昨天没有参加会议，因为他生病了。

最新四级考试题及答案大全一、听力理解1. A) The woman is not interested in the man's suggestion.B) The man is not satisfied with the woman's work.C) The woman is not sure about the man's plan.D) The man is not happy with the woman's decision.答案：C2. A) The man is looking for a job.B) The woman is offering the man a job.C) The man is asking for a promotion.D) The woman is asking for a raise.答案：B二、阅读理解Passage 136. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The impact of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in daily life.答案：C37. According to the passage, which of the following is a sign of stress?A) Feeling excited about a new project.B) Experiencing a lack of sleep.C) Enjoying a relaxing vacation.D) Looking forward to a weekend getaway.答案：BPassage 238. What does the author suggest as the best way to improve memory?A) Taking frequent breaks.B) Listening to classical music.C) Engaging in regular physical activity.D) Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants.答案：C39. What is the purpose of the study mentioned in the passage?A) To test the effectiveness of different memory techniques.B) To compare the benefits of exercise with those of other activities.C) To investigate the relationship between exercise and memory.D) To evaluate the impact of diet on cognitive function.答案：C三、写作40. Directions: Write an essay on the topic "The Role of Technology in Education." You should write at least 120 wordsbut no more than 180 words. Use your own words.范文：The Role of Technology in EducationIn recent years, technology has become an integral part of education. It has revolutionized the way we teach and learn. With the advent of the internet, students have access to a wealth of information at their fingertips. Online learning platforms provide flexible learning opportunities, allowing students to study at their own pace. Moreover, technology has made it possible for educators to use interactive tools suchas multimedia presentations and virtual simulations, whichcan make complex concepts more understandable.However, the integration of technology in education also presents challenges. It requires a significant investment in infrastructure and training for teachers. Additionally, notall students have equal access to technological resources, which can exacerbate existing inequalities in education.In conclusion, while technology has the potential to greatly enhance the educational experience, it is crucial to address the challenges it presents to ensure that all students can benefit from its advantages.四、翻译41. Directions: Translate the following sentence into English. "随着科技的发展，越来越多的人开始关注环境问题。

四级快速阅读训练A Few Aspects of American LifeTravelIt’s summertime. For many Americans, this is the season to travel. Why? Because school is over and the weather is great. And most of all, they believe they deserve a break. When Americans take a break, they often head for their favorite vacation spot.Throughout their history, Americans have been people on the move. The early immigrants had to travel to get to the New World. Once they arrived, they settled along the East Coast. But they weren’t content to stay here. Explorers and traders journeyed to the unknown western territories. Later, settlers moved west to develop new areas. As a result of this west movement, Americans eventually occupied the whole continent—from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even today, Americans seem unable to stay. Research says that average American moves every five years.Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commuting to work daily. Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide an annual vacation for their employees, and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friend or relatives in distant states. Some go on low-budget weekend trips and stay in economy motels. Those with more expensive tastes choose luxurious hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals to adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles to camp out in comfort, while others “rough it” by sleeping in tents. Families often plan their trips wi th the kids in mind. More and more “family friendly” hotels offer special programs for children.PetAmericans love pets. Many pet owners treat their pets as a part of the family. You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children—sometimes even better.In America, there are more households with pets than those with children. At least 43 percent of US homes have pets of some sort. Unusual creatures, such as monkeys, snakes and even wolves, find a home with some Americans. More common pets include fish, mice and birds. But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs, even at the White House. Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets. “Dog people” and “cat people” often enjoy friendly competition.Many grocery stores in America sell pet foods. Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation. Fancy hotels are beginning to accommodate both man and animal. Animal guests at Four Seasons Hotels can enjoy delicious meals served on fine china and sleep in soft beds.The average American enjoys having pets around, and for good reason. Researchers have discovered that interacting with animals lowers a person’s blood pressure. Dogs can offer protection from robbers and unwelcome visitors. Cats can help rid the home of unwanted mice. Little creatures of all shapes and sizes can provide friendship and love. In many cases, having a pet prepares a young couple for the responsibilities of parenthood. Pets even encourage social relationships: they give their owners an appearance of friendliness, and they provide a good subject of conversation.Pets are as basic to American culture as hot dogs or apple pie. To Americans, pets are not just property, but a part of the family.Marriage“I do.” To Americans, these two word s carry great meaning. They can even change your life, especially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding promises is like signing a contract. Now Americans don’t really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is a serious business.It all begins with engagement (婚约). Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by asking her to marry him in a romantic way.Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. They may be engaged for weeks,months or even years. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life.At last it’s time for the weddi ng. Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, there’s still room for individualism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors. A few even have the ceremony while skydiving or riding on horseback! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue”. The groom (新郎) wears a formal suit. Relatives and close friends participate in the ceremony.As the ceremony begins, the groom stands with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their promises. Traditionally, they promise to love each other “for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health”. But sometimes the coupl e composes their own promises. They give each other a gold ring as a symbol of their marriage promise. Finally the minister announces the big moment: “I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!”1. What is the top reason Americans travel in the summertime?A) School is over. B) They think they deserve a rest.C) Summer is the season to travel. D) The weather is great.2. Every year, most companies _______.A) require a business trip B) insist that workers commuteC) have employees travel together D) provide a vacation for workers3. Many Americans treat their pets as _______.A) very usual things B) very common things C) their own property D) their family member4. According to the passage, some fancy hotels could provide for your pets the following except _______.A) good accommodation B) some well-served food C) a soft bed D) delicious Chinese meals5. It’s discovered that interaction with pet animals is good for health as they can help to _______.A) guard against unwelcome visitors B) catch unwanted miceC) lower blood pressure D) keep company6. Pet can encourage social relationship by _______.A) acting as basic element to American culture B) providing a subject for chattingC) becoming members for the family D) having a friendly appearance7. Traditionally, if a young man wants to get married to his girlfriend he is supposed to _______.A) propose to his friend at the right time B) ask his girlfriend to marry him in a romantic wayC) get the permission of his girlfriend’s mother D) get the permission of his girlfriend’s fathe r8.The counseling during engagement can prepare a couple for ___________.9.During the ceremony the bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding while the groom wears___________.10.When the birds and groom begin to exchange their rings,it is a symbol of their ___________.Economic GlobalizationThe advancement of science and technologies has greatly reduced the cost of transportation and communication, making economic globalization possible. Today’s ocean shipping cost is only a half of that in the year 1930, the current airfreight 1/6, and telecommunication cost 1%. The price level of computers in 1990 was only about 1/125 of that in 1960, and this price level in 1998 reduced again by about 80%. This kind of “time and space compression effect” of technological advancement greatly reduced the cost of international trade and investment, thus making it possible to organize and coordinate global production.For example, Ford’s Lyman car is designed in Germany, its gearing system produced in Korea, pump is USA,and engine in Australia. It is exactly the technological advancement that has made this type of global production possible. Moreover the development of the networking-based economy has given birth to a large group of shadow enterprises, making the concept of national boundaries and distance for certain economic activities meaningless.Multinational corporations (MNCs) have become the main carriers of economic globalization. They are globally organizing production and allocating resources according to the principle of profit maximization. And their global expansions are reshaping macroeconomic mechanisms of the operation of the world economies. In 1996, there were altogether only more than 44,000 MNCs in the whole world, which had 280,000 overseas subsidiaries (子公司) and branch offices. In 1997, the volume of the trade of only the top 100 MNCs already came up to 1/3 of the world’s total and that between their parent companies and their subsidiaries took up another 1/3.In the US$ 3,000 billion balance of foreign direct investment at the end of 1996, MNCs owned over 80%. Furthermore, about 70% of international technological transfers were conducted among MNCs. This type of cross-border economic activities within same enterprises has posed a challenge for the traditional international trade and investment theories.The process of economy globalization is also the process of global industrial restructuring and readjustment. With the development of science and technology and increase of income level, industrial structures of all the countries have been also undergoing readjustment and upgrading. In recent years, developed countries in the west are gradually entering the era of knowledge economy and have started to shift to developing countries many labor-intensive industries of weak international competitiveness. This process of cross-country shift is pushing forward an in-depth development of economic globalization.On the other hand, there has existed a surplus of productivity since the end of the cold war. Due to this fact, economic globalization has intensified the competition at the international market among enterprises from different countries. In order to raise their positions and improve their competitiveness at the international market, both domestic enterprises and those from other countries have been resorting to mergers and acquisitions one after another, which has resulted in tides of industrial restructuring. Take a few cases just as a demonstration: the most recent acquisition of Mannesmann by V odaphone, acquisition of MCI by British Telecom, and the amalgamation (兼并) of Citibank with Travelers and that of Daimler-benz. All of these restructuring activities will exert far-reaching influence on the world’s industrial competition pattern.Developed countries have been playing a dominant role in the process of economic globalization. In 1996, the total volume of exports of developed countries was US$4,057 billion, accounting for 81.7% of the total value of international trade. In 1995, the foreign direct investment by 10 major developed countries including the G7, Switzerland, Sweden and the Netherlands took up 85.1% of the total value of foreign direct investment in the whole world. The dominant role of developed countries in the process of economic globalization is also reflected in the fact that it is they that determine the rules for international economic exchanges. Although current rules of game for international economic activities have the good aspect of being in keeping with socialized mass production, they are generally laid down under the dominance of developed countries. They are the largest beneficiaries(受益者) of economic globalization.The participation of developing countries in the globalization process can enable them to better utilize their comparative advantages, introduce advanced technologies, foreign capital and management experience. It is also favorable for eliminating monopolistic(垄断的) behaviors and strengthening market competition. Nevertheless, while providing more development opportunities for developing countries, the globalization process is also posing enormous risks.First of all, economic globalization has in fact expanded rather than reduced the gap between the North and South. According to some report published by UN in 1999, the number of developing countries that have benefited from economic globalization is smaller than 20. The difference of income per capita (人均收入) between the richest country and poorest country has enlarged from 30 times tin 1960 to the current 70 times. In 1960, the value of foreign trade of the poorest 46 countries accounted for 1.4% of the world total. Towards the latter half of 1990, thisproportion had already reduced to 0.6% and further down to an almost negligible 0.4% in 1995. The average trade deficit of developing countries in 1990’s increased by 3% as compared with that in 1970s.Secondly, economic globalization has also increased developing countries’ risks of being concussed (震动) by unfavorable external factors. With continuous innovation of financial instruments, rapid expansion of financial assets and the trend of privatization of international capital, a large volume of international floating capital has brought along enormous impacts on the economic safety and financial stability of developing countries. According to come data provided by IMF, the value of shot-term bank loans flowing at and through international financial markets and other financial and capital markets in 1997 at least amounted to US$ 7,200 billion, which was about equal to 1/4 of the total output of the whole world. Although the financial crises erupted in Mexico and East Asia in 1990s were rooted in ethe defects of the economic systems and economic structures, the impact from the floating international capital was the direct fuse, which also greatly reinforced their destructiveness.1. The “time and space compression effect” of technological advancement has made it possible to __________.A. transport and communicate easilyB. reduce international trade and investmentC. give birth to many shadow enterprisesD. organize and coordinate global production2. It is meaningless to discuss national boundaries and distance for certain economic activities because of __________.A. the principle of profit maximizationB. the development of networking-based economyC. various types of cross-border economic activitiesD. overseas subsidiaries and branch offices of MNCs3. By 1996, how much of the balance of foreign direct investment was owned by MNCs?A. US$ 3,000 dollarsB. US$ 2,800 dollarsC. US$ 2,400 dollarsD. US$ 2,100 dollars4. In the era of knowledge economy, what have developed countries started to do?A. To shift many labor-intensive industries to developing countriesB. To pose a challenge for traditional trade and investment theoriesC. To speed up international technological transfers among themselvesD. To reshape macroeconomic mechanisms of their domestic economies.5. The amalgamation of Citibank with Travelers, as cited in the passage, is an example of ______.A. end of the cold warB. industrial restructuringC. international competitionD. cross-border economic activity6. Why does the author say the developed countries are the largest beneficiaries of economic globalization?A. Because they are well-organized in international economic exchangesB. Because their export volume accounts for majority of the international tradeC. Because current rules of game are generally laid down under their dominanceD. Because globalization benefits them in the form of socialized mass production7. The globalization process provides more development opportunities for developing countries, but on the other hand __________.A. brings about economic risksB. eliminates monopolistic behaviorsC. introduces management experienceD. strengthens their marked competition8. As described in the passage, economic globalization has in fact widened rather than narrowed the gap __________.9. As far as developing countries are concerned, a large volume of international floating capital has posed enormousimpacts on __________.10. The defects of the economic systems and economic structures in Mexico and East Asia in 1990s caused theeruption of __________.。

一、快速阅读If it weren’t for nicotine, people wouldn’t smoke tobacco. Why? Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people’s moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleas ant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses. Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker’s brain and very being?The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug and smokers, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is enhance performance. One study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control). Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia.First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. It is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans).As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn’t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes forsale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When asmoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smoker’s first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted (such as cocaine powder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries within the brain.Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well. Once inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drugs, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure.Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. It then migrates to the spaces surrounding neurones – ganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. These impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmitters drift into the so-called synaptic spacebetween neurones, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message” that triggers an electrical impulse.The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. This opens channels in the cell surface through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. This generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which com pletes delivery of the “message”. An accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. It wins and, like the vanquished chemical, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. But there’s a lot more nicotin e aroundthan the original transmitter, so a much larger current spreads across the membrane. This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones. With repeated smoking, the neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine.Questions 1 – 71. Although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked.2. In spite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-five million people a year give up smoking.3. It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people’s abilities to perform some actions more quickly.4. Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine.5. Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.6. Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.7. Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones.1. N2. N3. Y4. Y5. N6. N7. YQuestions 8 - 108. Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by _________ to prevent them from being addictive.9. According to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smoker’s heart rate by _________ a minute.10. In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone sends _________ known as neurotransmitters.8. 95% 9. 10-20 beats10. chemical messengersCorrection:Most people work to earn a living and theyproduce goods and services. Goods are eitheragricultural (like maize) or manufactured (likecars). Services are such things like education, 1._________medicine, and commerce. These people provide 2.__________goods; some provide services. Other people provideboth goods or services. For example, in the same 3.__________garage a man may buy a car or some service whichhelps him maintain his car.The work people do is called as economic 4.__________activity. All economic activities taken together makeup the economic system of a town, a city, a country,or the world. Such economic system is the sum-total 5.__________of what people do and what they want. The workpeople do either provides what they need or providesthe money with that they can buy essential 6.__________commodities. Of course, most people hope to haveenough money to buy commodities and services whichare essential but which provide some particular 7. __________personal satisfaction, such as toys for children, visits 8. __________the cinema, and books.The science of economics is basic upon the facts 9. __________of our everyday lives. Economists study our everydaylives and the general life of our communities in orderto understand the whole economic system of which weare a part. They try to describe the facts of theeconomy in which we live, and to explain how itworks. The economist methods should of course be 10. __________ strictly objective and scientific.1. like → as2. Those → Some3. or → and4. called as→ call5. Such → Such an6. that → which7. essential → nonessential or +not8. visits → visits to9. basic → based10. economist → economist's。

公共英语四级pets阅读练习公共英语四级pets阅读精选练习在日复一日的学习、工作生活中，我们会经常接触并使用试题，借助试题可以检验考试者是否已经具备获得某种资格的基本能力。

你所见过的试题是什么样的呢？以下是店铺整理的公共英语四级pets阅读精选练习，希望能够帮助到大家。

Movie MusicAccustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if indeed, the conductor was luckyenough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant", "sad", "lively". The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.电影插曲尽管我们习惯于将1927 年以前的电影称为"无声电影"，但是就无声这个词完整的意义上来说，电影从未真正的无声过，从最初开始音乐就被视为必不可少的伴奏。

2023年pets4级精选阅读试题2023年pets4级精选阅读试题对真理和学问的'追求并为之奋斗，是人的最高品质之一。

以下是我为大家搜寻整理的2023年pets4级精选阅读试题，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!part BRead the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A. , B.[ C] or D.. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.Text 1A finding in recent years shows that men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as womencan. This makes surgery riskier for men. Because they do not breathe as often as women, men also need more oxygen. But men breathe more deeply and this exposes them to another risk. They draw more of the air when it is polluted.Mens bones are larger than womens and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. A man has broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which makes him stride out with no waste motion. A womans wider pelvis, designed forchildbearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of jiggle and sway as she walks.If you think a man is brave because he can climb a ladder to clean out the roof gutters, dont forget it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a womans thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing difficult for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.A mans skin is thicker than a womans and not nearly as soft. This prevents the suns radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin by- er of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible ful coat to keep a woman wanner in the winter. Women also stay cooler in summer. Because the far layer helps insulate them against heat. Mens fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. 41 percent of a mans body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means that men have more muscle power. When we mention strength, almost 90 percent of a mans weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a womans weight.The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns up five more calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man wants to loseweight, the pounds roll off much faster. For all mensmuscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in womens nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women on treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percefit of what she could do when she was twenty.A man of sixty has only 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.36. That boys suffer mine from air pollution can possibly be justified by the fact that_________A. the male have larger bones than the femaleB.women can manufacture blood more efficiently than menC. men usually breathe more deeply than womenD. women breathe as often as men37. The different ways men and women move their body indicate that_________A. bone structures in men and women are arranged differentlyB. womens bones are more ready to movementC. men always move their bodies with waste motionsD. women are good at climbing upwards38. It can be concluded from the passage thatA. men suffer more from suns radiation than women doB.men will be more exhausted than women after a long tripC. the higher proportion of fat in womens body makes them easier to lose weight[ D] an aged man can still exercise his body as he was young39. The best title for the above article is_________A. Why Men Lack Capacity for Exercise over the YearsB.How Mens Bones Are Arranged Differently from Women sC. Studies on Differences and Similarities between Men and WomenD. Men and Women: Some Differences40. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?[A].More oxygen needs to be prepared when a man is havingsurgery.[ B] Mans courage has nothing to do with males body structure.[ C] A woman usually stays cooler in summer and warmer in winter.[ D] It is easier for a man to lose his weightText 2More than 30,000 drivers and passengers who sit in the front of the vehicles are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third-floor building. Wearing a seat belt saves lives:it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than a half.Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you will be fined up to 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility, to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.However, when youre reversing your car, you do not have to wear a seat belt; or when you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not towear your seat belt. Remember that you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove that you have been excused from wearing it.41. How many people in the front of the vehicles are killed or seriously injured every year?A. 30,000.B. 60,000.C. Approximately 30,000.D. Above 30,000.42. Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle_________A. reduces road accidents to more than a halfB. saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hourC. reduces the death rate in traffic accidentsD. saves more than 15,000 lives each year43. It is the drivers responsibility to_________A. make the front seat passengers wear a seat beltB. make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat beltC. stop children riding in the front seatD. wear a seat belt each time he drives44. According to the text, which of the following people riding in the front does NOT have towear a seat belt?A. Someone who is backing into a parking space.B.Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.C. someone who is delivering invitation letters.D. Someone who is under 14.45. For some people, it may be better_________A. to wear a seat belt for health reasonsB.not to wear a seat belt for health reasonsC. to get a valid medical certificate before wearing a seat beltD. to pay a fine rather than wear a seat beltText 3I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that raucous fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I d been strucka blow under the heart Thus began my first love affair.Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tiedin her presence. Does anyone, anymore, linger in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window--herwindow--like some hapless summer insect?That delirious swooning, asexual but urgent and obsessive, that made me awkward and my voice crack, is like some impossible dream now.I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from school, and I d become paralyzed. She always seemed so poised, so self-possessed. At home, I d relive each encounter,writhing at the thought of my inadequacies. We eventually got acquainted and socialized as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her affectionate tolerance for me. Going sready implied a maturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and myown Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect, however fervently desired. I managed to hold her once at a dance-chaperoned, of course. Our embrace made her giggle, a sound so trusting that I hated myself for what I d been thinking. At any rate,my love for Rachelremained unrequited. We graduated from high school, she went on to college,and I joined the Army.When World War II engulfed us, I was sent overseas. For a time we corresponded, and her letters were the highlight of those grinding endless years. Once she sent me a snapshot of herself in a bathing suit, which drove me to the wildest of fantasies. I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my next letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her DearJohn latter finally caught UD with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn t want to five. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and permanent commitment that has lasted to this day.46. According to the passage, how old was the author when his first love affair began?A. Before he entered his teens.B.In his early teens.C. In his middle teens.D. When he was just out of his teens.47. How did the author behave as a boy in love?A. His first love motivated him toward hard study.B.His first love evoked sentimental memories.C. He was overpowered by wild excitement and passion.D.. He fulfilled his expectations and desires.48. According to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss?A. Her Jewish origin did not allow it.B.His Catholic adherence forbade it.C. They were not sure whether it was proper or ethical to kiss in line with their religiousdecorum.D. Kissing was found to be inelegant or even distasteful.49. According to the passage, what was Rachel s response to the author s tender affection before the war?A. She recognized and accepted his love affectionately.B.She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him down.你若盛开，蝴蝶自来。