动词不定式 公开课

• 如：
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
作表语
• My job is to teach the students. • His idea is to save their lives at once.
动词不定式
观察这些句子
• 1) He likes to read novels. • 2) I saw him come. • 3) We decided not to buy that house. • 4) It is interesting to fly a kite. • 5) Please let him not go there.
典型试题
1.It’s bad for your eyes B computer games too much.
A. plays B. to play C. play D. playing (作主语)
2. She was often heard C in the room.
A. singing B. sing C to sing D. sung (作感官动词的宾补, 变被动语态时，to要还原）
• What I ask him to do is to have his hair cut.
• What you can do is to close your mouth.
作宾语补足语
• 1．后面能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,
order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
to do
to be done

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动词不定式与其他非谓语动词比较
与动名词比较
动词不定式和动名词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语等成分，但它们的意义和用法 有所不同。
动词不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作，而动名词则表示抽象的、习பைடு நூலகம்性的动作。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和动名词可以互换使用，但表达的含义可能有所不同。
与现在分词比较
动词不定式和现在分词都可以表示主 动的动作，但它们的时态和语态有所 不同。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和现在分 词可以互换使用，但需要根据具体语 境来判断。
动词不定式不受时态限制，可以表示 过去、现在或将来的动作，而现在分 词则通常表示正在进行的动作。
与过去分词比较
动词不定式和过去分词都可以表示被动的动作，但它们的用法和意义有 所不同。
动词不定式表示被动的动作时，需要使用助动词be的适当形式，而过去 分词则可以直接表示被动的动作。
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动词不定式在句子中作用
作主语
01
动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词 用单数形式。
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常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句后。
作宾语
能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask, agree, beg, decide, determine等 。
动词不定式与名词等构成复合宾语时 ，通常要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的 宾语动词不定式置于句后。
择合适的动词形式。例如，正确的表达是 “I enjoy listening to music”，而不是
“I enjoy to listen to music”。
逻辑主语问题
要点一
不定式逻辑主语与句子主语不一 致
动词不定式的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。例如，正 确的表达是“It is important for you to study hard”， 而不是“It is important for him to study hard”。

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动词不定式作宾语应注意问题 2. 假如不定式作宾语而后面又有一个 宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语 而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。 I feel it my duty to help you. I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
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注：在一些句型中，当主语部分有动作 动词do 时，作表语不定式能够省略符号 “to”，如：
All we have to do is push the button.
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
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2. 动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式作宾语惯用于以下动词后：
want, agree, decide, manage, wish, hope, ask, like, love , choose, promise, continue, plan, learn, expect, offer, prepare, refuse, pretend, attempt, intend, threaten, seek, hesitate, long, desire, fail等 等。
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复合结构： 1)for sb. to do sth 2) (It is +性格adj+)of sb. to do sth 性格adj：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, careless… It is very important for us to learn English. It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time. It is very nice of you to help me.

The Infinitive “To Do”
XiongShulan
.
1
English Chocolate
Task 1: Read the following English
quotes!
.
2
Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to
be understood.
Possible or impossible?
In order to make my dream
come true, what should I do?
How much time do I have to
make my dream come true? 1
year or 2y.ears?
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Task 5: Strike while the iron is hot!
In order to make my dream come true, I should study hard.
attributeFra bibliotekadverbial
.
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What do I want to be?
What is my dream?
How is it to make my dream
come true? Easy or difficult?
easy
funny
necessary dull
.
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Task 3: make sentences
Use the sentence structure “ To learn grammar is ….” to make sentences. Or we can use “It is … to learn grammar.”

4. 如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词 Please pass me some paper to write__o_n_. She has a nice pen to write _w_i_th__. He bought a flat for the family to live __in__.
2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及 形容词最高级修饰时
eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
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大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
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3.也可用在have… to do和there be句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.
buildings.
(subject)
(predicative)
3. My ambition is to work in the
computer industry when I grow up. 3
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute)
tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.
2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.
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动词不定式的时态和语态
(translate) into many languages in the past decade. 3. The flu is believetdo _b_e_c_a_u_s_e_d___ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and

寻求专业指导和帮助
如果学习者在自学过程中遇到困难，可以寻 求专业教师的指导和帮助，以便更快地掌握 不定式的用法。
D
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谢谢聆听
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定式短语作状语，表示行为的目的。
不定式的完成式：have/has/had + been + 现在分词，表示过去发生的动 作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示过 去发生的动作持续到现在并且有可能继
续下去。
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动词不定式常见错误及纠正方
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法
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常见错误类型
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漏掉不定式符号to
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使役动词后省略to的情况，如
let, make, have等。
感官动词后省略to的情况，如
see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear等。
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复合结构作主语或宾语
不定式复合结构的构成：for/of sb. to do sth.。
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实例一
He wanted to go to the park, but he had to stay at home. （他想去公园，但他不得 不呆在家里。）在这个例子中，“to go”被省略了，因为上下文已经明确了“他想去公 园”这一动作。
实例二
She loved to read books when she was a child. （她小时候喜欢读书。）在这个例子 中，“to read”被省略了，因为这是一个习惯性用法，表示“喜欢做某事”。
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To work in a hospital is not interesting.
→ It is not interesting to work in a hospital .
第4页
Make sentences by yourself
It was not good （早晨起床晚）
Answer: to get up late It is our duty （保护家园） Answer: to protect our home I found it very important （学好英语） Answer: to learn English well
动词不定式 做主语
第1页
To learn a foreign language is not easy. To play in the street is dangerous. To do what the doctor tells you is important. To get an injection is a little painful. To give the baby an injection isn’t easy. To take medicine on time is necessary. To work in a hospital is not interesting.
第3页
To do what the doctor tells you is important. → It is important to do what the doctor tells you . To get an injection is a little painful.
→ It is a little painful to get an injection.

第13页
作宾补-对宾语进行补充说明
1、动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth. She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time. Edison’s mother taught him to read and write. 惯用动词有：ask, allow, advise, want tell, order, teach, expect等
第20页
He hasn’t got a house to live in
I have no pens to write __w_it_h___. He bought a toy to play with.
第21页
作状语
1、原因状语: 主语 + be + adj.(表情感) + to do sth. (happy/ glad angry / sorry / sad /afraid 等)
第7页
练习
1、It is necessary __f_o_r__us to learn to wait.
(of/for)
2、It was careless __o_f___me to break the cup .
（of/for)
3、It took them 1,000 yuan __to__b_u__y__this
动词不定式
第1页
动词不定式结构
必定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V.原 否定：not/never + (to) + V.原
1) He likes to read novels. 2) I saw him come. 3) We decided not to buy that house. 4) It is interesting to fly a kite. 5) Please let him not go there.

(作结果状语)
第10页
Grammar
动词不定式
◆动词不定式句法功效
7．动词不定式其它使用办法 (1) 疑问词+动词不定式 疑问词what，who，which，when，where，how和连 词whether之后，可跟一个带“to”不定式，构成一个特 殊不定式短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语。 如： How to get there has not been decided yet. （主语） Kate didn’t know what to say. （宾语）
2. Ways to protect the rainforest.
第11页
Grammar
动词不定式
◆动词不定式句法功效
7．动词不定式其它使用办法
（2）“for+名词或代词宾格+ 不定式” 和“of+名词或代词宾格+ 不定式”使用办法 当前面形容词表示不定式行为特点时，惯用“for+名词或代词宾 格+ 不定式”结构引出不定式逻辑主语；而当前面形容词表示 不定式逻辑主语，即行为人品行特点时，则用“of+名词或代词 宾格+ 不定式”结构引出不定式逻辑主语。
Many countries have discovered how to save their rainforests. 1. This book tells you how you can win at chess.
This book tells you ___h_o_w__t_o__w_i_n___ at chess. 2. Could you please tell me where I can buy the dictionary?
accident. 作宾补 c. to become a scientist. 作表语 d. to pass the exam. 作状语 e. to talk with his manager.作宾语 f. to swim in summer. 作主语

(看见某人做了某事）
See/hear/find/watch sb. doing sth. （看见某人正在做某事）
I saw him __ the supermarket just now.
a.entered
b.entering
c√.enter
d.to enter
The girl who sold matches was found ___ the next
The more you think about it, the more questions you will think of __.
a.ask b.asked c.asking d√.to ask
考点: to do 表示目标
The doctor did what he could __ that child.
busy street. Eg:对我们来说, 完成这项工作很困难。 It’s difficult for us to finish the work.
5.用作表语 His work is to feed the animals. Her job is to look after the patients. My wish is to be a scientist.
a.save b√.to save c.saved d.saving
I have no pen ____.
a.writingຫໍສະໝຸດ b.writing with
c√.to write with
d.writing
to do 作定语, 如是不及物动词组成不定式短语作定语, 其后 需接介词
4 你W长ha大t了do想y做o什u 么wa？nt to be when you grow up?