2010年上海市徐汇区高三下学期学习能力诊断(英语含答案)

上海市徐汇区2018届高三下学期学习能力诊断（二模）英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Worried and frightened. B. Relaxed and happy.C. Quite embarrassed.D. Deeply ashamed.2. A. Bill has never used a calculator. B. Bill can work better without a calculator.C. Bill is working with a calculator.D. Bill needs a calculator for this work.3. A. To cut his jeans short. B. To go on a diet.C. To wear fitted clothes.D. To buy a pair of jeans.4. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form.C. Talking with a friend.D. Asking for information.5. A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended.C. Mail her report to the publisher.D. Improve some parts of her paper.6. A. Make some coffee. B. Meet the woman at the library.C. Continue to read.D. Go out with some friends.7. A. The man should buy a different meal ticket every month.B. Buying the meal ticket won‟t save the man any money.C. It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately.D. The price of a meal may vary from month to month.8. A. She‟s upset that she missed the television program.B. She doesn‟t think the television program was funny.C. She doesn‟t like talking about television programs.D. She watched the television program at a friend‟s house.9. A. He doubts the woman‟s words. B. He hasn‟t read the novel yet.C. He enjoyed reading the novel a lot.D. He is not interested in the novel at all.10. A. The talk s haven‟t started yet. B. They have come to a general agreement.C. The talks haven‟t achieved much.D. The talks broke down and went no further.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They learn singing and dancing. B. They attend outdoor music festivals.C. They work on the farm for charity.D. They volunteer to work for others.12. A. On the beach. B. In a park. C. On a farm. D. In a stadium.13. A. It is run on a profit-making basis. B. It has achieved growing success.C. Fans can have free lunch there.D. Only superstars are invited to perform.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The number of refugees is increasing sharply.B. Most refugees cannot get necessary services.C. Many refugee children cannot receive education.D. More children cannot afford to go to university.15. A. No host nations want to change education systems.B. It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.C. Parents can‟t afford to send their kids to school.D. The refugee population grows but there‟s not enough money.16. A. The necessity of education.B. The prohibition of child labor.C. The victims of armed conflicts.D. The living conditions of the poor.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.D. It specializes in the sale of men‟s suits.18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.B. Gift cards for customers with any purchases.C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.19. A. Mail a gift card to her. B. Allow her to buy on credit.C. Credit it to her account.D. Give her cash directly.20. A. It has already been sold out. B. It will be sent to the woman by mail.C. It is not available for the moment.D. It is one of the items on sale.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being available only in Japanese.Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog‟s garden (22)________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog‟s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game‟s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn‟t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download) games from Appl e‟s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media, (24)__________ users post photos of their frogs‟ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collectin g game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local media outlets reported that the game‟s slow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tapped th e trend among younger generations in China to search out …Zen-like‟ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People‟s Daily suggested that people (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alarmingB. propertiesC. revealedD. invasiveE. rescueF.instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiativesBefore science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now,with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.V olunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. V olunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. V olunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.V olunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__.The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brainis to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempt ing: to get the most out of what you‟ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We‟ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don‟t want to take up very much space because they don‟t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar t he question “Did you steal Fatima‟s bag?”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that?” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It‟s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you‟ve bought the story. If you‟re a good listener, you‟ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won‟t need to very often.56. By saying “Liars also use deflection”, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liars(B)More On: go to greg Letter 1January 28, 2018 | 3:31pmIs omitting jobs from a resume lying?--------------------How to handle stress at work---------------------How can men and women work better together?---------------------How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume?---------------------What to do if you drank too much at the companyholiday partyI work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree? Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond?The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It‟s not like we don‟t have enough in our inbox already. I don‟t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you‟ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn‟t the best and what you recommend.Letter 2January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pmIt’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer?The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that‟s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn‟t ask someone out and explain you‟re just bored inyour current relationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you‟re likely to be as lonelyas Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It‟s Just Another New Year‟s Eve”.60. What is discussed in the first letter?A. How to ask questions in a polite way.B. How to respond to a false charge.C. How to make a correction at work.D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.A. talking about your family issues in publicB. complaining about your prior partner on a first dateC. demonstrating your qualifications to your new bossD. bragging about your experience to your partner62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people‟s __________.A. career choicesB. social relationshipsC. working problemsD. health problems(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools,and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing oth er scientists‟ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor‟s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.B.In that way, a problem shared can really be a problem halved.C.Girls are more likely than boys to co-ruminate with their close friends.D.Indeed, having close friends to trust may protect you against poor mental health.E.This human tendency to work things out in one‟s mind, is common.F.How you co-ruminate matters too.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they‟ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don‟t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is as sociated with “high-quality” andclose friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn‟t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn‟t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties.(70)________________IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Workaholic EconomyAlthough the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress.There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure.Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因)involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder.For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It‟s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm‟s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。

上海市徐汇区4月高三英语学习能力诊断试卷及答案中学试卷上海市4月第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三年级英语学科2014.4第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Visit the woman.B. Go to an interview.C. Attend a lecture.D. Work in the office.2. A. At a post office.B. At a fast-food restaurant.C. At a booking office.D. At a check-in desk.3. A. One hour later.B. Thirty minutes later.C. Twenty minutes later.D. Around ten minutes.4. A. $8.B. $12. C. $16.D. $20.5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.B. John and Tom are good friends.C. Tom has attended a yoga class.D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number.6. A. What to take up as a hobby.B. How to keep fit.C. How to handle pressure.D. What to play with.7. A. Classmates.B. Lecturers.C. Strangers.D. Relatives.8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it.B. He hasn’t got a whole picture of it.C. He has quit writing it.D. He is seeking for a publisher now.9. A. A head waiter.B. A shop assistant.C. A customer.D. A receptionist.10. A. He’s not surprised at the woman’s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won’t give the woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.D. He understands the woman’s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In small cups.B. In a boat on a river.C. At the bottom of a river.D. On food stored in the ground.12. A. It came from a river.B. It was extremely pure.C. It was found in large quantities.D. It was dug up from a deep mine.13. A. An early means of travel on rivers.B. An ancient method of fishing in rivers.C. An important discovery at a village.D. The way of trading foods in old times.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. She enjoyed removing others’drinks. B. She became more and more forgetful.C. She preferred to do everything by herself.D. She wanted to keep her house in good order.15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves to clean used windows.C. She is fond of clean used windows.D. She likes clean windows as my mother did.16. A. My mother often made us confused.B. My family members had a poor memory.C. My mother helped us to form a good habitD. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.The man’s interviewThe time for the interviewAt 17 in the morning.Position applied for18His worriesHe thinks he lacks 19 and he is poor at languages. Languages capable of use20 and French.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.How long will the conference last?It will last for 21 .What is between the conference rooms?There are 22 between them.Why does the woman need smaller conference rooms?For 23 .What do we learn about the conference centre?The conference centre is made up of the main conference hall, smaller conference rooms, and a(n) 24 .Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The California state assembly recently approved the so-called ParisHilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver’s seat in a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make a n example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “little rich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican Party. “The judge 27______ have put her in jailfor four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got only afour-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver‘s window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the streets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this billto protect the public. There’s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility seriously.”The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The statesenate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and GovernorSchwarzenegger has promised to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said, “but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of California, dogs will have to take a back seat.”The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,” said Republican Tom Ridge, “are being attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”(B)He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers’book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked.He thought of T ony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger’s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I’d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I’ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.“Tony, do you know I’m in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you the first time we fought, but I want you to know I’m not,” he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face.“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, ‘Good work, Tony’and it made me feel like Christmas.”Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40______ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. reassuresB. wellC. distinguishD. encounterE. objectsF. inoffensiveG. revealsH. afterwardsI. implicationJ. genuineK. unpleasantTelling Tales“Here’s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Probably. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That’s the problem with gossip: it’s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “Let’s meet for coffee and have a bit of a gossip,” I’m inviting you to a social 45______ in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrongwith that: life would be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it’s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do not mean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______. A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it’s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people;but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.Processing Geographic DataA geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath theEarth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.Advising Businesses and GovernmentAbout half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports onsuch elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points about a location being considered.In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites.Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.Physical and Human GeographyPhysical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.Some geographers study economic, political, and 63 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”51. A. performing B. analyzingC. appreciatingD. downloading52. A. map B. mineC. shape D. honour53. A. creativelyB. critically C. wildlyD. moderately54. A. disasterB. radioactivityC. excursionD. vacation55. A. qualifiedB. determinedC. valuableD. feasible56. A. surviveB. expandC. manageD. boom57. A. negative B. effectiveC. depressiveD. profitable58. A. sceneryB. destinationC. resultD. foundation59. A. potentialsB. histories C. resourcesD. sciences60. A. specializedB. pollutedC. governedD. transformed61. A. proceedsB. stretches C. extendsD. changes62. A. peculiarB. specialC. reasonableD. enthusiastic63. A. psychologicalB. contemporaryC. religiousD. social64. A. closely B. peacefullyC. loyally D. sensitively65. A. demonstrationB. revolutionC. examinationD. educationSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Dangers of DietingThanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number ofoverweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don’t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They adviseeating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person’s body doesn’t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientificstudy from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is the ideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor’s supervision.66. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?A. They have kidney failure.B. They gain the weight back again.C. They keep the weight off.D. They have less muscle.67. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don’t give the body everything it needs.B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body what it needs.D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the required vitamins.68. Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?A. Heart disease.B. Slower weight loss.C. Psychological changes.D. Kidney failure.69. According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.B. Everyone can gain the weight back.C. Everyone has a different psychology.D. Everyone likes different foods.(B)Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food.He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-oldAustralian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts,like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to facepolitical hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is anin-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.70. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.A. the constant change of its share priceB. the board’s failure to reach an agreementC. the falling salesD. the physical problems of the chief executives71. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______.A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a personB. has the same right to receive the family titleC. is appointed as an executive of a companyD. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves72. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?A. The change of the chief executive.B. People’s concern about junk food.C. Dirty restaurant.D. Indifferent service.73. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions(C)It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacityto use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Platocoined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that thenon-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ tocommunicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.74. According to the theory of ‘thought’ devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.A. talking to the soulB. concealed speechC. speaking nonverballyD. a non-linguistic behavior75. What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.76. According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words77. Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts.B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.D. Thinking is independent of language.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stationsmight look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.。

2022学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2023.4I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.At the bus stop. B.At the information desk.C.On the platform.D.In the office building.2. A.It was quite a success. B.It was huge.C.It was terrible.D.The music was good.3. A.John’s job transfer. B.The rapid spread of rumour.C.The new project in India.D.John’s quarrel with his wife.4. A.Sell the broken parts. B.Buy a new one.C.Make a profitable investment.D.Have the old one fixed.5. A.They came in different colors. B.They were good value for money.C.They were a very good design.D.They were sold out very quickly.6. A.The woman is wasting his time. B.The woman should use her time wisely.C.He is eager to know the answer.D.The woman does not need to hurry.7. A.She always talks bad about her colleagues.B.She has a good reputation for being honest.C.She is good at handling complicated relationships.D.She has good relations with people around her.8. A.She plans to apply for a part-time job.B.She’s too busy to run for class president.C.She wants the man to help her with her studies.D.She has no interest in running for class president.9. A.She is not in good health for her age. B.She likes the job of feeding fish.C.She finds her new job rewarding.D.She feels unfit for her new job.10. A.It’s hard to buy the tickets on the spot.B.Tickets are cheaper if bought online.C.Free booklets provide discounts for the show.D.The comic show can be watched online.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.Plant ecology. B.The study of insects.C.Marine biology.D.The food chain.12. A.The threat of scientific progress. B.The danger of chemicals pesticides(杀虫剂).C.The possible causes of cancer.D.The natural history of the sea.13. A.It led to a nationwide ban on the use of pesticides in US.B.It received positive feedback as soon as it was published.C.It accused chemical industry of spreading disinformation.D.It laid the foundation for modern agricultural ecosystem.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.To create jobs. B.To increase sales.C.To research markets.D.To introduce products.15. A.Offering detailed information of the product.B.Keeping the customers engaged.C.Capturing the customer’s attention.D.Initiating the customer to make a purchase.16．A.To evaluate the effect of AIDA. B.To display how AIDA works.C.To show how to make a movie.D.To advertise the movie industry.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.To complain about the poor service. B.To order a software for his office.C.To negotiate a lower price.D.To learn about the promotions of a product.18. A.It is a voice recognition software. B.It is a sales management network.C.It is a website monitoring tool.D.It is a microphone manufacturer.19. A.The man didn’t get the discount because he was not ordering online.B.The free microphones with the software are usually very good quality.C.The man failed to order online because one of the servers went wrong.D.The man does not need the microphone included with the software.20. A.By cash. B.By credit card.C.With prepaid card.D.With membership card.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Great Voice ActorSince the creation of animated(动画的)motion pictures,the use of actors supplying voices(21)_________(be) invaluable.Behind every famous cartoon character’s personality is the actor standing in the recording booth and(22) _________(stretch)their manner of speaking in unrecognizable ways.For some of these performers,the voices they’ve provided have far surpassed them as people in both recognizability and adoration.Mel Blanc,known as“The Man of Thousand Voices”,(23)_________(regard)as the most prolific actor to ever work in Hollywood with over a thousand screen credits.He developed and performed nearly400distinct character voices.Whether in legendary shorts or lesser-known commercials,Mel Blanc walked so the voice actors of today(24) _________run.Mel Blanc lent his voice to many classic characters,but the one he is best known for is Bugs Bunny.There is little that can be said about Bugs’impact(25)_________hasn’t already been said for decades.The character is(26) _________helped launch Warner Bros.animation into the mainstream.Bugs was even the face of Warner Bros.Family Entertainment,appearing at the beginning of many films.(27)__________________a character may not talk,that doesn’t mean a fair bit of voice acting isn’t involved.Mel provided the various noises of the beloved pet dinosaur,Dino, in The Flintstones.While obviously not as quotable as his caveman companions,every fan knows the excited bark of Dino when he sees his master,Fred,arrive home.In January1961,at the age of52,Blanc was severely injured in a car accident and had to tape his part at home with a microphone(28)_________(suspend)over his bed.Mel Blanc paved the way for voice acting as a true art,though it’s a skill that often goes unrecognized when praise is focused on movies and TV.The characters we all love wouldn’t be where they are in the public eye without(29) _________who put a voice to them.Many recognizable or popular voice actors of our modern era have Blanc(30) _________(thank)for their start,and hope to reach his level of unmatched expertise at bringing countless characters to life the way no one else can.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.OpenAI releases“not fully reliable”tool to detect AI generated content ChatGPT has been creating waves across the internet with its writing ability and responses to requests.The use of ChatGPT has been full of___(31)___.There have been concerns that students can use this tool to___(32)___ AI-generated work and claim it as their own.OpenAI,the research laboratory behind ChatGPT,has released a tool designed to___(33)___whether text has been written by artificial intelligence,but warns it’s not completely reliable–yet.In a blog post on Tuesday,OpenAI linked to a new___(34)___tool that has been trained to distinguish between text written by a human and that written by a variety of AI,not just ChatGPT.The tool could be useful in cases where AI was used for“___(35)___dishonesty”and when AI chatbots were positioned as humans,they said.But they admitted the tool“is not fully reliable”and only correctly identified26%of AI-written English texts.It also incorrectly___(36)___human-written texts as probably written by AI tools9%of the time.“Our classifier’s reliability___(37)___improves as the length of the input text pared to our ___(38)___released classifier,this new classifier is significantly more reliable on text from more recent AI systems.”Since ChatGPT was opened up to public___(39)___,it has given rise to a wave of concern among educational institutions across the world that it could lead to cheating in exams or assessments.Lecturers in the UK are being urged to review the way in which their courses were___(40)___,while some universities have banned the technology entirely and returned to pen-and-paper exams to stop students using AI.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do songs get stuck in the head?Have you ever had a song stuck in your head and,no matter how hard you tried,you could not get rid of it?The song played on and on,whether you were loading the dishwasher,weaving in and out of traffic,or attempting to ___(41)___your mind at the start of yoga class.Having a song stuck in one’s head,known as an earworm,is an experience that over90%of us have on a ___(42)___basis.We’re more likely to catch an earworm after we stop focusing,in moments when the working memory is___(43)___,when we’re relaxed,when work is finished or when we’re a bit sleepy.Certain songs are___(44)___than others,and so more likely to“auto repeat”in your head.There are certain musical characteristics that make songs more likely to become earworms,such as if the piece is repetitive,if there is a longer duration of certain notes,if___(45)___between the notes are smaller.___(46)___,we know that mood can have an impact,with some people reporting that they always get the same earworm when they feel good,or people experiencing a fast-tempo earworm when they are___(47)___.And of course familiarity with a song is a key ___(48)___.Songs that you don’t know very well are less likely to pop up as earworms.If you’ve had enough of your earworm and need to stop it in its tracks,you would be well warned not to try to block the song out,but rather to___(49)___accept it.A determined effort to block the song out may result in the very ___(50)___of what you want.According to psychologist Daniel Wegner,___(51)___the song may make your brain keep playing it over and over again.To get rid of an earworm,you may be best served by simply___(52)___it, accepting it,and leaving it alone to let this phenomenon ends up weakening itself little by little.Some people try to___(53)___themselves from the song,and it works.You can try reading a book,listening to a different song or even playing an instrument.Others___(54)___the tune in question,because it is commonly believed that earworms occur when you remember only part of a song;hearing the entire song may stop it.Neurologists(神经学家)point out that it’s recommendable to chew gum to reduce the___(55)___of an earworm because jaw movement interferes with musical memory.However,it’s important to note that this phenomenon usually lasts less than24hours.41. A.burden B.clear C.alter D.exploit42. A.trial B.solid C.voluntary D.regular43. A.inactive plicated C.dynamic D.uncertain44. A.catchier B.slower C.harsher D.louder45. A.phases B.intervals C.rhythms D.sessions46. A.Instead B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Additionally47. A.alert B.pleased C.remote D.rigid48. A.criterion B.consequence C.concept D.contributor49. A.readily B.constantly C.passively D.critically50. A.opposite B.fantasy C.emphasis D.equivalent51. A.integrating B.converting C.resisting D.tolerating52. A.interruptingB.acknowledging C.stimulating D.facilitating53. A.perceive B.isolate C.distract D.identify54. A.seek out B.act out C.cast out D.knock out55. A.proportion B.intensity C.integrity D.preferenceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Andy smiled as he and his field day team stepped up to their last activity.They were in first place,and Andy could already feel the medal around his neck.“How exciting!”Mrs.Emory said.“You two teams are tied with the highest score of the day.”“Tied?”Andy said.“But we beat them at the relay race.”“Yes,but that was their only loss,”Mrs.Emory said.“Your team also has one loss,so you are both tied for first place.”Andy crossed his arms in front of his chest.He didn’t want to think about the balloon toss(抛).He’d been the first one to drop his balloon.“This event is a hula hoop(呼啦圈)challenge,”Mrs.Emory said,handing everyone a hula hoop.“Are we supposed to see how far we can roll them?”Andy asked.“No.Your challenge is to hula hoop for as long as possible.Once your hoop hits the ground,you will be disqualified.The last person hula hooping will win the event for their team.”Andy’s eyes widened.He’d never hula hooped before.He looked at the rest of his team.Becky seemed confident and so did Cory.They only needed one person to do well in order to win.“Can we start?”asked Rachelle,the other team’s captain.She must have done this before because she was excited about the challenge.Mrs.Emory blew her whistle.“Begin!”Andy watched Rachelle and mimicked everything she did.But no matter how hard he tried,the hoop wouldn’t stay up.It dropped and fell to his ankles.He stepped aside and cheered for Becky and Cory who were the only ones left to battle Rachelle.Becky sneezed and her hoop fell to the ground.Andy grumbled,but he started cheering even louder for Cory.Andy stared at Rachelle.She looked so relaxed.Her team was chanting her name,and it took Andy a moment to realize Cory had dropped his hoop.The challenge was over,and Rachelle had won,which meant Andy’s team had lost.But Andy couldn’t help cheering for Rachelle as she continued to hula hoop.Rachelle was still hula hooping when Mrs.Emory gave out the medals.Andy wore his second-place medal with pride as he congratulated Rachelle,the true field day champion.56.What can we learn about Andy from the first paragraph?A.He felt the weight of the medal hanging from his neck.B.He got the gold medal because he got the highest score.C.He wanted to take off his medal so he could perform better.D.He was confident about becoming the field day champion.57.The underlined word mimicked could be replace by_____________.A.made fun ofB.imitatedC.criticisedD.cheered for58.How did Andy feel when he received his medal?A.Disappointed.B.Angry.C.Proud.D.Confused.59.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Andy’s team beat the others in the previous activities.B.Andy is a confident player and has good sportsmanship.C.Andy didn’t cheer for Rachelle because he lost the game.D.Andy’s team members had never hula hooped before.60.According to the information above,Science Games is most probably____________.A.a science websiteB.a package of gamesC.an online programD.a group competition61.What does the underlined word probably mean?A.admissionB.rewardC.budgetD.scholarship62.Which of the following is TRUE about Science Games?A.Each session of the virtual program will last two hours.B.Students will conduct hands-on experiments with scientists.C.Parents need to prepare activity materials for their children.D.Each registration group can have no more than3participants.Casting blame is natural:it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes,and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.Research published in2015suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.Blame culture can spread like a virus.Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing,in a blaming environment,employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work.Blame culture asks,“who dropped the ball?”instead of“where did our systems and processes fail?”The focus is on the individuals,not the processes.It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder,but the more beneficial,exercise of fixing the root cause,so the problem does not happen again.The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies(缺陷)were highlighted by employees as early as possible.It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic(灾难性的)consequences. These are known as high reliability organizations(HROs)and include hospitals,submarines and airlines.Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations,it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors.The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.The National Transportation Safety Board(NTSB),which supervises air traffic across the United States,makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls.The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower.That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault?Sometimes,after all,blame is deserved.The idea of the“just culture”,a framework developed in the1990s by James Reason,a psychologist,addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent(恶意的)will be let off the hook.The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point.It promises a culture in which people“are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training”.That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.63.According to the research published in2015,companies that________had better performance.A.blamed external factorsB.owned up to mistakesC.conducted investigationsD.admitted failures64.According to the passage,the No Blame Culture________.A.encourages the early disclosure of errorsB.only exists in high reliability organizationsC.enables people to shift the blame onto othersD.prevents organizations to learn from errors65.What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage?A.Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.B.Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.C.The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.D.People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures.66.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own MistakesB.How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in OrganizationsC.Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at WorkD.How to Deal with Workplace Blame CultureSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words.B.A friend who is going through hardship may benefit from a helpful gesture.C.Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene.D.It’s important not to put too much pressure on your friend to talk.E.Research has shown that we’re actually really bad at taking other people’s perspectives.F.Your aim should be to facilitate the other person’s choices,rather than dominating them.How to support a struggling friendWe’ve all been in situations like this,both big and small and everything in between:from missing the bus to work to struggling with the loss of a loved mon wisdom suggests that a problem shared is a problem halved.We really want to help,yet we don’t quite have the words or the tactics.Research shows that many people don’t really know what works best to help their friends effectively.(67) ____________________A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends’emotions identified378 distinct strategies.Given this large variety of strategies,it’s no wonder that deciding what to do when you have a friend in tears can be a little challenging.The good news is that there are simple strategies you can learn that will help you provide more effective support to your friends.Ask questions and really listenJust as playing down a friend’s problem is unwise,so is trying to empathize too quickly.While this impulse is understandable and quite normal,it is also likely to go wrong.(68)____________________So how might you best address the situation instead?A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling,rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.A related technique to try is active listening,which is commonly used by therapists,and relatively simple to implement.(69)____________________For example,your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week,describing arguments with their spouse,a mounting workload and some worries about debt,and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now. Don’t take chargeIf your support is too directive and take-charge,it might make your friends feel like they aren’t able to handle things on their own,like a kid who needs their parent’s help to manage their problems.Instead,it would have been better to ask them what they want,and how they might be able to change this situation, and then listen to them talk through their options one by one.In doing this,you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own.(70)____________________This will help them organise their thoughts and come to some solutions,without feeling like you did it for them.IV．Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option?The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent.Plastic does not decompose,but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles.It threatens our nature as well as our health.One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.In the UK,supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles,in which the food is displayed loose,and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.Such plans are well-intentioned,but it may not be beneficial to eliminate(清除)the use of single-use plastic altogether.One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry.When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic,they are protected and preserved,helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling. Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry.This is not just because of its low cost.It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward,mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties.For example,glass products are a potential alternative,but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health.Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic.Take paper bags,for example. Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag.If people respond by simply using other materials,a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.However,simply banning their single use may not be the best option.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.该纪录片自播出第一集后就广受好评。

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. In the hotel.C. At a bus stop.D. In a subway station. 【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: How much should I pay for the overweight?W: The charge for extra baggage is calculated by 1.5% of the standard ticket fare for economy class.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2018.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Worried and frightened. B. Relaxed and happy.C. Quite embarrassed.D. Deeply ashamed.2. A. Bill has never used a calculator. B. Bill can work better without a calculator.C. Bill is working with a calculator.D. Bill needs a calculator for this work.3. A. To cut his jeans short. B. To go on a diet.C. To wear fitted clothes.D. To buy a pair of jeans.4. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form.C. Talking with a friend.D. Asking for information.5. A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended.C. Mail her report to the publisher.D. Improve some parts of her paper.6. A. Make some coffee. B. Meet the woman at the library.C. Continue to read.D. Go out with some friends.7. A. The man should buy a different meal ticket every month.B. Buying the meal ticket won’t save the man any money.C. It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately.D. The price of a meal may vary from month to month.the television program.8. A. She’s upset that she missedB. She doesn’t think the television program was funny.C. She doesn’t like talking about television programs.D. She watched the television program at a friend’s house.el yet.9. A. He doubts the woman’s words. B. He hasn’t read the novC. He enjoyed reading the novel a lot.D. He is not interested in the novel at all.10. A. The talks haven’t started yet. B. They have come to a general agreement.C. The talks haven’t achieved much.D. The talks broke down and went no further.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They learn singing and dancing. B. They attend outdoor music festivals.C. They work on the farm for charity.D. They volunteer to work for others.12. A. On the beach. B. In a park. C. On a farm. D. In a stadium.13. A. It is run on a profit-making basis. B. It has achieved growing success.C. Fans can have free lunch there.D. Only superstars are invited to perform.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The number of refugees is increasing sharply.B. Most refugees cannot get necessary services.C. Many refugee children cannot receive education.D. More children cannot afford to go to university.15. A. No host nations want to change education systems.B. It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.C. Parents can’t afford to send their kids to school.D. The refugee population grows but there’s not enough money.16. A. The necessity of education.B. The prohibition of child labor.C. The victims of armed conflicts.D. The living conditions of the poor.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.D. It specializes in the sale of men’s suits.18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.B. Gift cards for customers with any purchases.C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.19. A. Mail a gift card to her. B. Allow her to buy on credit.C. Credit it to her account.D. Give her cash directly.20. A. It has already been sold out. B. It will be sent to the woman by mail.C. It is not available for the moment.D. It is one of the items on sale.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being availableonly in Japanese.the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”,around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog’s garden (22)________ ________ theyjourneys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs andcan use them to buy supplies for the frog’ssnapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game’s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported ononby local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn’t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog”　appMonday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download) games from Apple’sstore in China. It is being widely discussed on social media, (24)__________ users post photos of theirfrogs’ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creatingthe popular cat-collecting game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint whatFrog”, local media outlets reported that the game’has driven interest among mainland users in “Travelslow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search outChina Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its‘Zen-like’　activities”,“Buddha-style gameplay”．But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People’s Daily suggested that people (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves andbeing a lonely frog-raising youth”．As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its s an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported.That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the appstore claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt(29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions ofinthe game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume”　2015.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be usedonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alarmingB. propertiesC. revealedD. invasiveE. rescueF. instrumentalG. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiativesBefore science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collectinginformation and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK__(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 activevolunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environmentarguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once。

2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2018.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Worried and frightened. B. Relaxed and happy.C. Quite embarrassed.D. Deeply ashamed.2. A. Bill has never used a calculator. B. Bill can work better without a calculator.C. Bill is working with a calculator.D. Bill needs a calculator for this work.3. A. To cut his jeans short. B. To go on a diet.C. To wear fitted clothes.D. To buy a pair of jeans.4. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form.C. Talking with a friend.D. Asking for information.5. A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended.C. Mail her report to the publisher.D. Improve some parts of her paper.6. A. Make some coffee. B. Meet the woman at the library.C. Continue to read.D. Go out with some friends.7. A. The man should buy a different meal ticket every month.B. Buying the meal ticket won’t save the man any money.C. It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately.D. The price of a meal may vary from month to month.8. A. She’s upset that she missed the television program.B. She doesn’t think the television program was funny.C. She doesn’t like talking about television programs.D. She watched the television program at a friend’s house.9. A. He doubts the woman’s words. B. He hasn’t read t he novel yet.C. He enjoyed reading the novel a lot.D. He is not interested in the novel at all.10. A. The talks haven’t started yet. B. They have come to a general agreement.C. The talks haven’t achieved much.D. The talks broke down and went no further.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and theconversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They learn singing and dancing. B. They attend outdoor music festivals.C. They work on the farm for charity.D. They volunteer to work for others.12. A. On the beach. B. In a park. C. On a farm. D. In a stadium.13. A. It is run on a profit-making basis. B. It has achieved growing success.C. Fans can have free lunch there.D. Only superstars are invited to perform.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The number of refugees is increasing sharply.B. Most refugees cannot get necessary services.C. Many refugee children cannot receive education.D. More children cannot afford to go to university.15. A. No host nations want to change education systems.B. It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.C. Parents can’t afford to send their kids to school.D. The refugee population grows but there’s not enough money.16. A. The necessity of education.B. The prohibition of child labor.C. The victims of armed conflicts.D. The living conditions of the poor.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.D. It speciali zes in the sale of men’s suits.18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.B. Gift cards for customers with any purchases.C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.19. A. Mail a gift card to her. B. Allow her to buy on credit.C. Credit it to her account.D. Give her cash directly.20. A. It has already been sold out. B. It will be sent to the woman by mail.C. It is not available for the moment.D. It is one of the items on sale.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being available only in Japanese.Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog’s garden (22)________ ________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog’s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game’s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn’t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download) games from Apple’s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media, (24)__________ users post photos of their frogs’ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collecting game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local media outlets reported that the game’s slow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like’ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People’s Daily suggested that people (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in o ther languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. V olunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. V olunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__.The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie yourshoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempt ing: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We’ve allhad that feeling. But did you know that there are several thingsyou can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observingwhat they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very fa r from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question “Did you steal Fatima’s bag?”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that?” In this situation the person is telling t he truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; sile nce gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying “Liars also use deflection”, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liars(B)More On: go to greg Is omitting jobs from a resume lying? ----------------------- How to handle stress at work ------------------------ How can men and women work better together? ------------------------ How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume? ------------------------ What to do if you drank too much at the company holiday partyLetter 1January 28, 2018 | 3:31pmI work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisershas a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail theentire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. Itseems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutralnews, rather than making a correction. Do you agree? Moreover,if you were the recipient of the correction, how would yourespond?The only people who should be included in an e-mail are thosewho need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude andunprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It’s not lik e wedon’t have enough in our inbox already. I don’t agree that e -mailis only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you needto alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one shoulduse e-mail to blame other people. If you’ve got a problem withsomeone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not afist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e -mail is usuallyineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with thesender and explain why his or her approach isn’t the best a ndwhat you recommend. Letter 2January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pmIt’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way toexplain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seemingflighty and without complaining about your current employer?The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making achange. At least, that’s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reasonfor looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want towork there. Needing a change might be the catalyst (催化剂), but the job search is likedating, and you wouldn’t ask someone out and explain you’re just bored in your currentrelationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you’re likely to be as lonely as BarryManilow sounds when he sings “It’s Just Another New Year’s Eve”.60. What is discussed in the first letter?A. How to ask questions in a polite way.B. How to respond to a false charge.C. How to make a correction at work.D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.A. talking about your family issues in publicB. complaining about your prior partner on a first dateC. demonstrating your qualifications to your new bossD. bragging about your experience to your partner62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________.A. career choicesB. social relationshipsC. working problemsD. health problems(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources —but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting whileimproving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off somesteam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties. (70)________________IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Workaholic EconomyAlthough the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress.There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure.Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder.For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisu re. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It’s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。

2010学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科学习能力诊断卷参考答案第一卷2011.4I. Listening Comprehension1-5 DACBB 6-10 CBACC 11-13 BCD 14-16 ACB17. Pacific 18. August 19. 2030 20. online21. this(the) weekend 22. soap opera23. feel neglected 24. soft classical musicII. Grammar and VocabularySection A 25-29 CCDBB 30-34 ADABD 35-40 ACCAB ASection B 41-49 FCHEJ ABGDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A 50-54 BDADA 55-59 CBCDA 60-64 BDBCDSection B 65-68 DDCB 69-71 BCB 72-75 DBCBSection C 76-80 CFBDASection D81. escape the biting cold and shortage of food / survive the harsh winter82. Their heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate are decreased.83. a state of inactivity( in some animals) (during the hot and dry period) in summer.84. Because they do not significantly lower their metabolism and body temperature.第二卷I. Translation1. He spent all his savings buying(on) that flat.2. It is reported that the earthquake (has) caused great losses to the localresidents.3. Micro blogging is getting popular among different age groups because it is fast,convenient and efficient.4. The result of the contest is not important，because what matters is myparticipation and experience.5. Although people’s view on cosmetic surgery has changed to some extent, wemust acknowledge that risk goes with it/ there is risk.2010学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科学习能力诊断卷听力文字2011.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. W: Would you like to order now?M: Yes. Please show me the menu.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?2. W: Excuse me, could you please tell me when the bank is open?M: It’s open from 9 am. to 5 pm. on weekdays, and 10 am. to 4 pm. on Saturdays.Q: When is the bank open?3. W: Would you like a cup of coffee to help you wake up?M: A cup of coffee? I’ll need three or four.Q: What does the man mean?4. M: Have you decided where to live after you move to Shanghai?W: I would like to live in the suburb to save on expenses but my husband wants a flat in the center of the city near his office.Q: Where does the woman prefer to live?5. W: Why are you slowing down? What’s the speed limit here?M: Didn’t you see the sign just now? This is the school zone.Q: What are the two speakers probably doing?6. M: Hills, are you going to Brian's party tonight? Maybe I can give you a ride.W: Thanks, Tom. I'd like to go for a change, but I have a job interview tomorrow morning.Q: What will the woman probably do tonight?7. M: What’s up?W: I guess there is a virus in my computer, I can’t send out this e-mail.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?8. W: The air pollution in this city is getting worse and worse. The sky looks grey most of the time．M: You said it! We've never had so many factories before.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?9. W: John, you always have a lot of work and always stay late.M: That’s true, but I enjoy the challenge.Q: How does the man feel about his job?10. M: I thought you were going to call me last night about your plan for our trip to Sydney.W: Sorry, I should have, but Miranda and Jane stopped by and stayed until midnight.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Tomorrow I’m taking my driving test once again. I’ve already failed it twice before, so I’m really nervous. The first time I took the test, I was not surprised that I failed because I hadn’t studied the traffic rules at all. In fact, I broke quite a few traffic rules during the test. But I was really disappointed about the second test. That time I had studied all the rules and had practiced driving for ages. I was pretty sure there would be no problem. But I stilled failed, because when I was driving along, a dog suddenly appeared in front of my car. I hit it before I could stop the car. What bad luck! I don’t know what will happen to me tomorrow. (Now listen again) Questions:11. Why is the man nervous now?12. How did the man probably feel before the second test?13. Why did the man fail the second test?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.You probably have heard a lot about what a typical Briton is like: they are reserved; they spend “an average of six months of their lives” talking about the weather; they have a unique sense of humor. What are some other things that are typical of Britons? A recent study has provided a snapshot of the typical Briton.The study, conducted by an insurance giant, involved over one million people. According the study, an average Briton is most likely to have the surname Smith, get up at around 6:45 in the morning, live in a home called “the cottage” and spend the summer holiday in Spain.The study has shown that Ford Fiesta is the most common vehicle of a British family. Most often, Mr. or Mrs. Smith eat their lunch at their desks. Their recreation is more likely to include shopping than exercise; the vast majority of Britons do not go to the gym, cycle, jog or swim even once a week. While holidays to the Far East, the Caribbean or even Australia are more popular in the UK than a generation ago, Spain remains the favorite option.The findings suggest that there is little difference between Britons today and in the 1970s and 80s. (Now listen again)Questions:14. How many people were involved in the study?15. Which of the following can be learned about Britons?16. What conclusion can we draw from the findings of the study?Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: Hello, this is Pacific English Language Center. How may I help you?W: Yes. I'm calling for a friend who is interested in your courses. What are your application deadlines for the next semester?M: Wel, l, we ask applicants to apply before the end of August.W: All right. What is the tuition?M: It's two thousand thirty dollars.W: And how does one apply?M: We can send you an application form and you can mail it back to us, or you can fill out our application form online at our website.W: Okay great. Thank you for help.M: No problem and please don't hesitate to call again if you have any other questions.W: Okay. Goodbye.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.M: Hey, neighbor. How's it going?W: Fine. How about you?M: Okay. Huh, by the way, my wife and I are going out of town this weekend, and I was wondering if you could take care of our dog Thomas.W: OK. But you have to tell me what I should do.M: Just feed him a can of dog food a day, and make sure he has plenty of water in his dish. And then, take him for a walk around the block.W: Well, I can do that.M: Besides, he likes to watch the 3 o’clock soap opera on Channel 4. . . and brush his teeth after you give him some doggie treats around 4:00. And, then brush his fur for about twenty minutes. Don’t forget to scratch him around the ears. Otherwise, he feels neglected.W: What?M: And don't forget to put on some soft classical music during his nap time at 2:40 p.m. But don't let him out of the house because he might run away and chase the neighbor's dog.W: Well, I'm leaving. You'd better hire some professional help 'cause I wouldn't watch your dog even if you paid me a million dollars.That’s the end.上海2011年闸北区高考英语二模卷参考答案第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection A 1-10 BBACD CDCABSection B 11-13 BBA 14-16 ACBSection C 17.Wool 18.Ironing 19.Tuesday 20.8.5 munity Greetings 22.Study pressure 23.Guide ck of volunteersⅡ.Grammar and VocabularySection A 25-40 CCBAC CCDCB CACBA CSection B 41-49 GJADHBFCEⅢ.Section A 50-64 ABDAB ACABC DACABSection B 65-75 BDDB CBB DBDCSection C 76-80 DFABESection D81.calm and easy-going82.Work can enhance our prospects for a long life.83.One's self judgement.84.measures can be taken to extend life expectancy within our power.第Ⅱ卷Ⅰ.Translation1.The teacher advised the students to listen to English news every day.2.It was two weeks before she recovered from the horror of the accident.3.Contrary to his hope, the job involves travelling (on business) and worling overtime.4.Continuous natural disasters reminded us that we should be prepared well at any time to face trouble.5.In terms of practical effect, the now regulation greatly improved the traffic condition and was recognized by the public.。

上海市徐汇区2015届高三下学期学习能力诊断英语试题2015.4 Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the clinic. B. At the airport. C. On the playground. D. In the prison.2. A. $2. B. $4. C. $12. D. $24.3. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Mother and son.C. Husband and wife.D. Teacher and student.4. A. Decoration. B. Traffic. C. Space. D. Noise.5. A. Advertisements. B. TV programs. C. Shopping. D. Forms ofpastime.6. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.7. A. Some people tell a lot more than they know.B. Some people like to hide their thoughts.C. What the woman said is wrong.D. He knows more than the woman does.8. A. He is not equal to the job.B. He is not well paid for his work.C. He doesn‟t think the job is challenging enough.D. He can not keep mind on his work.9. A. She shouldn‟t listen to Mark anymore.B. She should pay little attention to what Mark says.C. She shouldn‟t do things negatively.D. She should take Mark‟s remarks seriously.10.A. She thinks the pollution level is too serious to be true.B. She is sure that the equipment is broken.C. She doesn‟t believe the man at all.D. She is annoyed by the wrong report about the pollution level.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Receiving phone calls. B. Visiting awkward people.C. Working out a plan.D. Having a tiring meeting.12.A. People preferring regular working hours. B. People who are lively and open.C. Both males and females.D. People without a driving license.13.A. Policewoman. B. Sales representative.C. Secretary.D. Tour guide.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They haven‟t devoted to medicine as much as to space travel.B. There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C. It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D. They believe people can recover without treatment.15.A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem. B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D. They show our body is fighting thevirus.16.A. It actually does more harm than good.B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.C. It works better when combined with other treatments.D. It helps us to recover much sooner.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NOT MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines (25) we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the (26) (likely) you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as (27) years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we (28) (accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember (29) happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we‟ve never done, recommend dishes we‟ve never tasted and suggest places we‟ve never been. Such an app (30) make our lives more varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31) such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It‟s not too difficult to push (32) to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences（吊唁，慰问）on behalf of the nation, and made it clear that he will have every single resource that he needs (33) (investigate) this heinous（令人发指的）crime, care for the victims, comfort their families.(34) ______ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years. And each time Ilearn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would — as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there‟s not a parent in America who doesn‟t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35) died today were children — beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them — birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36) (fall) were also teachers —men and women who devoted their lives to (37) (help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today — for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who (38) (lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children‟s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) it‟s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago — these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we‟re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40) this, regardless of the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Posting a photo of the food you‟re about to eat on WeChat has become a daily ritual（惯例；仪式）for many. Often this food in the photo isn‟t as appealing to those looking at it, but scientists are now claiming taking a photo of your food before you eat it makes it taste better.Researchers at University of Minnesota‟s Carlson School of Management claim taking a photo puts you in the moment and in doing so, heightens your (41)______. The person taking the photo will, on some level, feel the motivation to continue the practice.Researchers wondered about the power of rituals after noticing the funny (42)______ that people often perform before eating and drinking. They conducted experiments to investigate whether these kinds of habitual behaviour influences taste.In the first experiment, some participants were asked to eat a piece of chocolate following a detailed set of (43)______: …Without unwrapping the chocolate bar, break it in half. Unwrap half of the bar and eat it. Then, unwrap the other half and eat it.‟The other participants were (44)______ instructed to relax for a short amount of time and then eat the chocolate bar however they wanted.The results showed that those who had performed the ritual rated the chocolate more(45)______, enjoyed it more, and were willing to pay more for the chocolate than the other group.A second experiment (46)______ these findings, showing that (47)______ movements don‟tproduce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48)______ that a longer delay between ritual and consumption enhanced these effects, even with a common food like carrots.While these rituals may seem insignificant, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite amazing. And while rituals are (49)______ before mealtimes, they could play a role in other (50)______, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An examination is a very important part of life, which is used to test a person‟s ability. But as you know many of us has (51)_____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)_____ and useful to you, for others it‟s nerve wrecking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don‟t get too excited about the exams and for that don‟t drink too much of the coffee or tea to cope up with the exam (53)_____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don‟t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you (54)_____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some (55)_____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the (56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers to achieve a proper time (57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can (58)_____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, control your breath and believe in yourself. Don‟t panic and be optimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don‟t (59)_____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep your focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are (60)_____ prepared. For exams reach before the time and try to (61)_____ in the surroundings. Don‟t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can‟t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis（冥想或催眠）.Yes, hypnosis, a real good and (62)_____ way to control your nerves and reduce your stress. It can be seen that a person‟s whole life changes completely only from few of the (63)_____ instructions. In hypnosis a person directly deals you‟re your subconscious mind instead of your conscious mind. The fact is your subconscious mind is a lot more (64)_____ and following than your conscious mind, so instructing correctly to your subconscious mind results terrific in reducing your nerves. Hypnosis reduces your fear of failure and (65)_____ a sense of confidence in you. It decreases your negativity and forces you to think positively about your exams. You also multiples your potential. You simply need to get your hands on the hypnosis for examination MP3. This is easily downloadable and you‟ll be well on your path to combating and overcoming thecondition.51.A. interest B. panic C. faith D. concept52.A. motivating B. suffering C. shocking D. spreading53.A. participation B. motivation C. expansion D. tension54.A. mentally B. physically C. continuously D. exhaustingly55.A. previous B. patient C. personal D. current56.A. preparations B. lessons C. schedules D. techniques57.A. administration B. management C. limitation D. scale58.A. entertain B. contain C. maintain D. complain59.A. revise B. rush C. instruct D. discuss60.A. normally B. informally C. comparatively D. completely61.A. mix B. resolve C. adjust D. focus62.A. instructive B. significant C. effective D. romantic63.A. appropriate B. splendid C. original D. negative64.A. impatient B. obedient C. ordinary D. desirable65.A. enjoys B. shakes C. generates D. generalizesSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThere were so many nights when I, as a young boy, had to watch helplessly as my father verbally and physically abused my mother. I can still recall the smell of alcohol, see the fear in my mother‟s eyes, and feel the hopeless misery that comes when we see people we love hurting each other in incomprehensible ways.I would not wish that experience on anyone, especially not a child. If I settle down in those memories, I can feel myself wanting to hurt my father back, in the same ways he hurts my mother and in ways of which I was incapable as a small boy. I see my mother‟s face and I see this gentle human being whom I loved so very much and who did nothing to deserve the pain imposed upon her.When I recall this story, I realize how difficult the process of forgiving truly is. Intellectually, I know my father caused pain because he was in pain. Spiritually, I know my faith tells me my father deserves to be forgiven as God forgive us all. But it is still difficult. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced live on in our memories. Even years later they can cause us fresh pain each time we recall them.Are you hurt and suffering? Is the injury new, or is it an old, unhealed wound? Know that what was done to you was wrong, unfair, and undeserved. You are right to be outraged. And it is perfectly normal to want to hurt back when you have been hurt. But hurting back rarely satisfies. We think it will, but it doesn‟t. If I slap you after you slap me, it does not lessen the sting I feel on my own face, nor does it weaken my sadness as to the fact you have struck me. Revenge gives, at best, only momentary relief from our emotional pain. The only way to experience healing and peace is to forgive. Until we can forgive, we remain locked in our pain and locked out of thepossibility of experiencing healing and freedom; locked out of the possibility of being at peace.Without forgiveness, we remain tied to the person who harmed us. We are bound with chains of bitterness, trapped. Until we can forgive the person who harmed us, that person will hold the keys to our happiness; that person will be our jailer (监狱看守).When we forgive, we take back control of our own fate and our feelings. We become our own liberators. Forgiveness, in other words, is the best form of self-interest. This is true both spiritually and scientifically. We don‟t forgive to help the other person. We don‟t forgive for others. We forgive for ourselves.66.Why did the writer mention the story of his father‟s abuse of his mom?A. Because he loved his mom and wanted to fight back someday.B. Because his father finally realized his own mistake and was forgiven.C. Because witnessing his mom‟s suffering is still hurting him and has no way to relieve.D. Because he felt that he was spiritually relieved from the pain through forgiveness.67.The writer wrote the article in order to tell people that _____.A. we may never heal our pains or sufferings in the heart unless we learn to forgiveB. we should never forget the sufferings buried in our heartsC. we may get tied to the person who harmed us all through lifeD. we shouldn‟t worry about the pains we caused, since forgiving is always easier thanimagined68.What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?A. Hurting back does no good to relieving one‟s own hurts, but forgiving.B. If someone slaps you, you just slap back, which will lessen your pain.C. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced will live on in our memories for ever.D. After being hurt, if one wants to experience healing and freedom, he should forget the hurt.69.Which of the following statements is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A. In order to help others, we should stop forgiving and fight back.B. The purpose of our forgiving is not to help other people.C. Our forgiving is also useful to helping others, though they may have hurt us.D. Only by forgiving others can we help them to be good people.BWriting a book review is not like writing a fiction, where you have your freedom to express any type of literary mood. Here, you are limited within the scope, which is related only to the book or the literature and nothing else. To write a proper literary review, you should follow some important dos and don‟ts, which are discussed here.Top 3 dosSelect a literature of your choice and read it thoroughly. If required, you should read it multiple times, before you really frame up the literary review in your mind. While reading, try to assimilate the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the book and also to analyze all thecharacters and events described in the literary piece. Start to pen down your literary analysis only when you have a complete understanding of the book, and not before that.Prepare your write-up based on your understanding of the book. Since you are reviewing the book, your opinion plays an important role here. If you prefer any particular character or any particular instance from the book, then expose that character or the situation in your review, to give it more importance. Also determine your preference with supporting logic. Ultimately it is your understanding of the book, and it can differ from others‟ viewpoint. But you should stick to your opinion.Follow a proper format to construct your book review. It should have a proper introduction and a conclusion, other than the usual subject body. Distribute the subject body in chapters and paragraphs, to give a nice, structured look. Also, add a list of reference material at the end of the book. A structured material always carries a good impression and also, it helps the reader to go through the article at ease.Top 3 don’tsBook reviews are not exactly meant for writing a summary on the books. The objective of writing a book review is to arouse the curiosity in the mind of the readers. If someone mentions everything in the summary then the actual intention is lost.As mentioned earlier, one should not cross your limit to write a literary review. Do not bring up unnecessary topics to increase the length of the write-up, which is not at all related to the book. The readers want to learn about the book and not something irrelevant. Also, a smart and crisp writing helps to create a positive impression.You can go through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your article. But that should be completely with the intention of getting help in your understanding of the book. These reference items will help to strengthen your grip on the subject. But, you should never copy a single line of text from any other document or write-up. Plagiarism(剽窃), in any form, is a punishable offence by law. It will also destroy your reputation and close all the future avenues in this field.If you can follow the above dos and don‟ts religiously to write a book review, then it is going to be more original and interesting.70.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “assimilate”inparagraph 2?A. stimulateB. fertilizeC. digestD. enhance71.The purpose of writing a review on a book is _____.A. to show your understanding of the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the bookB. to show that you really stick to your own opinion though you‟ve read the bookC. to arouse reader s‟ curiosity to read more books on irrelevant topicsD. to spark reader s‟ interests in finding the book and reading it72.Which of the following is NOT true about the “dos”?A. Before writing a book review, you‟d better read it thoroughly or many times.B. Write down your literary analysis when reading the book.C. If you are interested in certain situation in the book, you can hardly give it too muchimportance in your review.D. A good review consists of a proper introduction and a conclusion, as well as anice-structured subject body.73.The following statements are “don’ts” when writing a summary except _____.A. going through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing yourarticleB. presenting all the detailed description of the book in the summaryC. the thought or action of putting anything irrelevant to the book into the summaryD. any forms of copying the text from others‟ written workCThe orangutan (红毛猩猩), the most inactive of the great apes,has unusually stable DNA, too. Researchers have just completed thesequencing (序列) of the entire genome (基因组) of our orange-hairedrelative, and they have found to their surprise that its DNA haschanged much less dramatically over time than has that of humans orchimpanzees. “The orangutan is very unique,”says Devin Locke, astructural geneticist heading the orangutan sequencing project.The orangutan genome had one other big surprise. Locke andcolleagues sequenced six Sumatran and five Bornean orangutans,which are classified as different species. The apes have been physically separated for at least 21,000 years—the last time land bridges between the two islands existed—and earlier studies estimated that they became distinct species more than 1 million years ago. But the new analysis, reported online today in Nature, rewrites history: it appears they parted ways just 400,000 years ago. “Most previous studies used small sets of markers and a limited amount of DNA sequence,” says Locke. “The statistical power is so much greater when you have the whole genome available.”The orangutan now joins chimpanzees and humans as the third great ape to have its genome sequenced. “The orangutan genome is a wonderful resource,” says evolutionary geneticist Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. “It will help clarify how each part of human and African ape genomes are related to each other and evolved.”Such insights are already coming in. Orangutans originated some 12 million to 16 million years ago, giving their genomes much more time to evolve than those of humans and chimpanzees, which split into their own lineages（血统）5 million to 6 million years ago. But a comparison of the three genomes shows that humans and chimpanzees lose or gain new genes at twice the rate of orangutans.The reason may have to do with stretches of DNA called retrotransposons. These key drivers of evolution jump around the genome, creating new genes, damaging existing ones, or altering gene regulation. The new data reveal that common retrotransposons known as Alu elements have moved around the orangutan genome much less than they have in the human and chimpanzee genomes. “I don‟t want to say that …Alu retrotransposition events‟ are shut off in orangutans, but they‟ve been covered up,” says Locke.The researchers also discovered that, over time, the structure of orangutan chromosomes（染色体）has changed little, which may be linked to the Alu element finding. Other researchers have suggested that the strong and healthy structural variation in humans and chimps may have stimulated increased intelligence. But Locke notes that orangutans are also highly intelligent. “If orangutans have had very little structural variation, maybe this decouples structural variation from intelligence,” he says.A separate but related study published today in Genome Research reports yet another unexpected finding from a comparison of the three great ape genomes. A team led by Mikkel H. Schierup and Thomas Mailund of Aarhus University in Denmark (both co-authors of the Nature report) discovered that some regions of the human genome more closely resemble the orangutan than the chimpanzee. This reflects the fact that at the time humans split off from a common ancestor with chimps, both species had the same ancestral orangutan DNA. But humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years. In the process, chimps for mysterious reasons lost some orangutan DNA that humans kept possession of.More surprises are sure to come as researchers compare the genomes of even more apes. Projects to sequence the other two great apes, gorillas and bonobos, are under way.74.Orangutans from two islands, Sumatran and Bornean, became different species since ______.A. at least 21,000 years agoB. over 1 million years agoC. some 12 million to 16 million years agoD. 400,000 years ago75.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?A. Compared with the DNA of orangutan, chimpanzee‟s is less changed over time.B. Only three apes‟ genomes have been sequenced up to now.C. Humans‟ ancestors stepped on their way of evolution 12 to 16 millions years ago.D. Chimpanzees gain new genes faster than orangutans do in evolution.76.The reason of orangutan‟s little change in DNA is that _____.A. this species is not as active in intelligence as humans or chimpanzees.B. the newly identified Alu elements is believed to have played a special roleC. Alu retrotranspositions in orangutan are shut off during the course of evolutionD. orangutan‟s low intelligence fails to stimulate the change of its DNA77.Some region of human genome is more similar to that of orangutan than chimp‟s because_____.A. human and orangutan share the same ancestor, but chimp doesn‟tB. humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of yearsC. chimps failed to hang on to orangutan DNA for some unknown reason, but human didn‟tD. chimps didn‟t act as actively as humans, resulting in their losing some critical orangutanDNASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements inthe fewest possible words.____________________________________________Technology means different things to different people. A physician might think of technology as a way to produce a new medicine. To a space engineer, it might mean making better rocket engines. Technology is so widespread that it is part of everyone‟s life. Originally, the word technology comes from the Greek word techne, which means “art”. You might think that art means only paintings or sculpture. But the Greeks believed an artist could make useful products from natural materials such as trees, rocks, and plants.What school subjects are related to technology?Though people‟s opinions vary on what groups of technology should be broken down to, you, when in school, may have the question: Why should you study technology? That question is easy to answer. Technology is fun, rewarding, and exciting. It is fun because you get to work with your hands. It is rewarding because you get to see the results of your work. Each day it brings new ideas and new challenges, which make technology exciting. Studying technology will also help you develop your problem-solving skills. You can learn to identify a problem and come up with a solution. You will also find that technology is related to other subjects that you study in school such as:MathematicsScienceSocial studiesEnglish language artsArtYou might enjoy all of your classes more after you begin to see the relationships between technology and other subjects.Do you know what “technologically literate”means?Technology is often in the news. A journalist might report on a particular electrical power plant, a food additive, or a safety device on an automobile. It is important that you understand the importance of technology. Every day in many ways, technology affects the lives of people around the world. For example, automobile air bags have saved many lives in collisions. However, they inflate so quickly that they have caused injury and death in some cases. As a result, the federal government allows car owners to install an on/off switch for the air bags. Do you think the government should let people do this? To answer this question, you first need to know something about the technology being discussed.Does working on a small engine sound difficult to you? With a basic understanding of technology, it might not be as hard as you think. Being technologically literate means understanding technology and feeling comfortable with it. Sometimes there is no one correct answer to a problem. You need to think about and evaluate each situation, and then make a decision. When you can do this, you will be technologically literate.78.What can the title of the first paragraph be to match the other two?_________________________________________________________________.79.You can have ____________, since when studying technology, every day you work with yourhands, see the results of your work, and have new ideas and new challenges.。

上海市徐汇区2014届高三上学期期末学习能力诊断英语试题第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a drugstore. B. In a café. C. In a garage. D. In a grocery.2. A. 5 hours. B. 7 hours. C. 9 hours. D. 10 hours.3. A. To cancel his trip. B. To go to bed early.C. To catch the later flight.D. To ask for a morning call.4. A. Tom was killed in the accident. B. Someone saved Tom’s life.C. It did little damage to Tom’s car.D. Tom survived the accident.5. A. By air. B. By bus. C. By train. D. By car.6. A. Librarian and student. B. Boss and secretary.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Publisher and salesman.7. A. It’s worth the price. B. It’s high in quality.C. Its price is too high.D. It’s well made.8. A. She is going to work in her brother’s firm.B. She plans to major in tax law.C. She studies in the same school as her brother.D. She isn’t going to work in her brother’s firm.9. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D. Sensitive.10. A. The man has finished his project.B. The man is willing to help the woman.C. The man will let Bob chat with the woman.D. The man is losing patience with the woman.Section BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He learned it in a special school. B. He had a lot of practice in his spare time.C. He got it through constant watching.D. He was once caught by a signalman.12. A. In Kansas City. B. At Fillan. C. At Omar. D. At Missouri.13. A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Frightened. D. Surprised.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The young Americans think reading less important than computer and science.B. The majority of young American find reading boring and old-fashioned.C. Most young Americans believe that reading is very important.D. The majority of Americans find reading more stimulating than computers and science.15. A. Novels and stories. B. Mysteries and detectives.C. Science fiction.D. Cultural and traditional books.16. A. Reading up-to-date books and magazines. B. Listening to music.C. Watching TV.D. Going to librariesSection CDirections In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gordon was hungry. He opened the refrigerator, 25_____ there used to be much food before his wife left him. There must be 26_____ in here to eat, he thought. Now, however, there was a single hot dog.After 27_____ (take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gas burner. He turned on the heat. Then he poured a little bit of vegetable oil into the pan. He sliced the hot dog in half lengthwise. 28_____ the oil got hot, he put the two halves in the pan. About 29_____ minute later, he flipped each half over. After another minute, he took the hot dog out of the pan.Gordon put two slices of bread into the toaster. This was tasty and healthy bread. The first ingredient 30_____ (list) was organic sprouted wheat. The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flour.When the toast popped up, he put mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup on one slice. Then he added two slices of onion. 31_____ top of the onions, he placed the hot dog. On top of the hot dog, he put a couple of slices of apple. Then he added some bits of hot green chile, and then put the top piece of toast onto the chile bits. P.F. Productions后期制作Ahh, 32_____ a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down 33_____ (eat).(B)Sara needed to see the doctor. She had an upset stomach. She felt bloated, and needed to pass gas every minute or so. This was terrible. She 34_____ hardly go anywhere in public.Her friends told her it was 35_____ she had moved to America. The air, water, and food in America weren't agreeing with her. They said she would have to return to her home country."No way," Sara said. She didn't want to go home. She liked America. This was a minor problem, she was sure. Any good doctor would solve it in no time. Two days later, she saw her doctor. He asked her if she drank milk. She said yes, three glasses a day."Don't drink any 36_____ (much) regular milk. Start drinking lactose-free milk, because lactose can upset your stomach.""Because your boyfriend 40_____ (give) you too much stress. He is probably the main cause of your upset stomach.""I don't think my boyfriend is going to like that." P.F. Productions后期制作"Just tell him if he really loves you, he should leave you."Section BDirections Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.that are 41_____ to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses—whether job related or not—offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees 42 _____ tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to 43 _____ to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete 44 _____ in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 45_____. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 46_____ by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee turnover, because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 47_____ to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 48_____, more often than not, the employee will stay with the company.And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 49_____ benefit the company Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 50_____ so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. Thoughunconditional tuition repayment requires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anyone planning to go camping or hiking should first learn to recognize poison ivy, 51_____ this plant can cause a rash resulting in reddened skin, an annoying itch, and painful blisters. A severe 52_____ can even force a person to remain in bed or become hospitalized. The best way to 53_____ these discomforts is to avoid the plant. P.F. Productions后期制作Fortunately this plant is easy to 54_____. Whether it grows as a bush or a vine, the shape of it is always 55_____. Each leaf stalk has three glossy leaves, usually with jagged edges. In early spring the leaves are red, turning. And then the autumn comes, the leaves 56_____ to become bright red or orange. The poison ivy plant is found 57_____ everywhere in North America. Because many birds eat its berries, its seeds are 58_____ distributed. The plant loves the sun and flourishes along beaches, in fields, and by roadsides. It also grows 59_____ in light shade and is often found in parks and pine forests. However, in thick woods the story is different. It is not 60_____ there. That is because the leaves of the trees block out the sun, which the plant needs to grow.The poison in poison ivy is in the form of an oil that is in all parts of the plant. It is extremely 61_____. Merely touching the plant is enough contact for a person to be infected by the 62_____. Touching clothing or shoes that have brushed against the plant can also cause a rash and blisters. Even the smoke from a fire where poison ivy is burning can cause the skin poisoning.A person who makes 63_____ with the plant should wash all infected areas with a strong laundry soap as soon as possible. Clothes that have come in contact with the 64_____ should be dry cleaned or washed in soap and water. There is one good way to prevent the 65_____. Stay away from the plant!( )51. A. since B. so C. therefore D. then( )52. A. cold B. cough C. case D. accident( )53. A. keep B. prevent C. protest D. cut( )54. A. forget B. grow C. fertilize D. recognize( )55. A. the same B. various C. beautiful D. ugly( )56. A. become B. change C. get D. avoid( )57. A. barely B. always C. usually D. almost( )58. A. widely B. narrowly C. practically D. strongly( )59. A. very poor B. very good C. quite well D. quite worse( )60. A. supported B. discovered C. watered D. disturbed( )61. A. deep B. high C. catching D. beautiful( )62. A. oil B. part C. form D. contact( )63. A. combination B. contact C. access D. soap( )64. A. smoke B. fire C. plant D. clothing( )65. A. poisoning B. weeding C. growing D. seedingSection BDirections Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dear Lee,As I told you, I’ll be gone until Wednesday morning. Thank you so much for taking on my “children” while I’m away. Like real children, they can be kind of irritating sometimes, but I’m going to enjoy myself so much more knowing they’re getting some kind human attention. Remember that Regina (the “queen” in Latin, a nd she acts like one) is teething. If you don’t watch her, she’ll chew anything, including her sister, the cat. There are plenty of chew toys around the house. Whenever she starts gnawing on anything illegal, just divert her with one of those. She generally settles right down to a good hour-long chew. Then you’ll see her wandering around whimpering with the remains of the toy in her mouth. She gets really frustrated because what she wants is to bury the thing. She’ll try to dig a hole between the cushions o f the couch. Finding that unsatisfactory, she’ll wander some more, discontent, until you solve her problem for her. I usually show her the laundry basket, moving a few clothes so she can bury her toy beneath them. I do sound like a parent, don’t I? You hav e to understand, my own son is practically grown up.Regina’s food is the Puppy Chow in the utility room, where the other pet food is stored. Give her a bowl once in the morning and once in the evening. No more than that, no matter how much she begs. Beagles(猎犬) are notorious overeaters, according to her breeder, and I don’t want her to lose her girlish figure. She can share Rex (the King’s) water, but be sure it’s changed daily. She needs to go out several times a day, especially last thing at night and first thing in the morning. Let her stay out for about ten minutes each time, so she can do all her business. She also needs a walk in the afternoon, after which it’s important to romp with her for awhile in the yard. The game she loves most is fetch, but be sure to make her drop the ball. She’d rather play tug of war with it. Tell her, “Sit!” Then, when she does, say, “Drop it!” Be sure to tell her “good girl,” and then throw the ball for her. I hope you’ll enjoy these sessions as much as I do.Now, for the ot her two, Rex and Paws… (letter continues)66.The tone of this letter is best described as _____.A. chatty and humorousB. logical and preciseC. confident and trustingD. humble and preachy67.The information in the note is sufficient to determine that there are three animals. They are _____.A. two cats and a dogB. three dogsC. a dog, a cat, and an unspecified animalD. a cat, a dog, and a parrot68.From the context of the note, it is most likely that the name “Rex” is _____.A. SpanishB. EnglishC. FrenchD. Latin69.If the sitter is to follow the owner’s directions in playing fetch with Regina, at what point will he or shetell Regina “good girl”?A. Every time Regina goes after the ball.B. After Regina finds the ball.C. When Regina brings the ball back.D. After Regina drops the ball.(B)I was born under the Blue Ridge, and under that side which is blue in the evening light, in a wild land of game and forest and rushing waters. There, on the borders of a creek that runs into the Yadkin River, in a cabin that was chinked with red mud, I came into the world a subject of King George the Third, in that part of his realm known as the province of North Carolina.The cabin smelt very strongly of corn-pone and bacon, and the odor of pelts. It had two shakedowns(临时床铺), on one of which I slept under a bearskin. A rough stone chimney was raised outside, and the fireplace was as long as my father was tall. There was a crane in it, and a bake kettle; and over it great buckhorns held my father’s rifle when it was not in use. On other horns hung jerked bear’s meat and venison hams, and gourds for drinking cups, and bags of seed, and my father’s best hunting shirt; also, in a neglected corner, several articles of woman’s clothing. These once belonged to my mother. Among them was a gown of silk, of a fine, faded pattern, which I always wondered. The women at the Cross-Roads, twelve miles away, were dressed in coarse butternut wool and huge sunbonnets. But when I questioned my father on these matters he would give me no answers.My father was—how shall I say what he was? To this day I can only surmise many things of him. He was a Scotchman born, and I know now that he had a slight Scotch accent. At the time of which I write, my early childhood, he was a frontiersman and hunter. I can see him now, with his hunting shirt and leggins (绑腿) and moccasins（莫卡辛鞋）; his powder horn, engraved with wondrous scenes; his bullet pouch and tomahawk and hunting knife. He was a tall, lean man with a strange, sad face. And he talked little except when he drank too many “horns,” as they were called in t hat country. These little bad behaviors of my father’s were a permanent source of wonder to me—and, I must say, of delight. They occurred only when a passing traveler who hit his fancy chanced that way, or, what was almost as rare, a neighbor. Many a winter night I have lain awake under the skins, listening to a flow of language that held me spellbound, though I understood scarce a word of it. P.F. Productions后期制作“Virtuous(有德行的) and vicious(罪恶的) every man must be,Few in the extreme, but all in a degree.”The chance neighbor or traveler was no less struck with wonder. And many the time have I heard the query, at the Cross-Roads and elsewhere, “Whar Alec Trimble got his larnin’?”70.The mention of the dress in the second paragraph is most likely meant to _____.A. show the similarity between its owner and other members of the communityB. show how warm the climate wasC. show the dissimilarity between its owner and other members of the communityD. give us insight into the way most of the women of the region dressed71.Judging by the sentences surrounding it, the underlined word “surmise” in the third paragraph mostnearly means _____.A. to form a negative opinionB. to praiseC. to desireD. to guess72.Why did the narrator enjoy it when his father drank too many “horns,” or drafts of liquor?A. The father spoke brilliantly at those times.B. The boy was then allowed to do as he pleased.C. These were the only times when the father was not abusive.D. The boy was allowed to sample the drink himself. P.F. Productions后期制作73.What is the meaning of the lines of verse (诗句) quoted in the passage?A. Men who pretend to be virtuous are actually vicious.B. Moderate amounts of virtuousness and viciousness are present in all men.C. Virtuous men cannot also be vicious.D. Whether men are virtuous or vicious depends on the difficulty of their circumstances.(C)Cultural Center Adds Classes for Young AdultsThe Allendale Cultural Center has expanded its arts program to include classes for young adults. Director Leah Martin announced Monday that beginning in September, three new classes will be offered to the Allendale community. The course titles will be Yoga for Teenagers; Hip Hop Dance Learning the Latest Moves; and Creative Journaling for Teens Discovering the Writer Within. The latter course will not be held at the Allendale Cultural Center but instead will meet at the Allendale Public Library.Staff member Tricia Cousins will teach the yoga and hip hop classes. Ms. Cousins is an accomplished choreographer (舞蹈教师) as well as an experienced dance educator. She has an MA in dance education from Teachers College, Columbia University, where she wrote a thesis on the pedagogical(教学法的) effectiveness of dance education. The journaling class will be taught by Betsy Milford. Ms. Milford is the head librarian at the Allendale Public Library as well as a columnist for the professional journal Library Focus.The courses are part of the Allendale Cultural Center’s Project Teen, which was initiated by Leah Martin, Director of the Cultural Center. According to Martin, this project is a direct result of her efforts to make the center a more essential part of the Allendale community. Over the last several years, the number of people who have visited the cultural center for classes or events has steadily declined. Project Teen is primarily funded by a generous grant from The McGee Arts Foundation, an organization devoted to bringing arts programs to young adults. Martin oversees the Project Teen board, which consists of five board members. Two boar d members are students at Allendale’s Brookdale High School; the other three are adults with backgrounds in education and the arts.The creative journaling class will be cosponsored by Brookdale High School, and students who complete the class will be give n the opportunity to publish one of their journal entries in Pulse, Brookdale’s student literary magazine. Students who complete the hip hop class will be eligible to participate in the Allendale Review, an annual concert sponsored by the cultural center that features local actors, musicians, and dancers. All classes are scheduled to begin immediately following school dismissal, and transportation will be available from Brookdale High School to the Allendale Cultural Center and the Allendale Public Library. For more information about Project Teen, contact the cultural center’s programming office at 988-0099 or drop by the office after June 1 to pick up a fall course catalog. The office is located on the third floor of the Allendale Town Hall.74.Which of the following statements is correct?A. Tricia Cousins will teach two of the new classes.B. The new classes will begin on June 1.C. People who want a complete fall catalogue should stop by the Allendale Public Library.D. The cultural center’s annual conce rt is called Pulse.75.According to Leah Martin, what was the direct cause of Project Teen?A. Tricia Cousins was available to teach courses in the fall.B. Community organizations were ignoring local teenagers.C. The McGee Arts Foundation wanted to be more involved in Allendale’s arts programming.D. She wanted to make the cultural center a more important part of the Allendale community.76.Which of the following factors is implied as another reason for Project Teen?A. The number of people visiting the cultural center has declined over the last several years.B. The cultural center wanted a grant from The McGee Arts Foundation.C. The young people of Allendale have complained about the cultural center’s offerings.D. Leah Martin thinks classes for teenagers are more important than classes for adults.77.This article is organized in which of the following ways?A. In time order, from the past to the future.B. Most important information first, followed by background and details.C. Background first, followed by the most important information and details.D. As sensational news, with the most controversial topic first.Section CDirections Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labour’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage i ncreases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation. (in no more than 8 words)78.Automation makes it possible to ________________________________________.79.At first, two things people worried about automation were ____________________________.80.According to union spokesmen, the workers benefit from automation in terms of________________________________________________________.81.What is the last passage mainly talking about?________________________________. P.F. Productions后期制作(Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)第II 卷I. TranslationDirections Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。