高二期末适应检测

杨柳青一中2021-2022学年第二学期高二年级适应性测试（实验）化学注意：本试卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷。

第Ⅰ卷为选择题，所有答案必须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡中相应的位置。

第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，所有答案必须填在答题卷的相应位置。

答案写在试卷上均无效，不予记分。

第I卷（选择题）一、单选题（本大题共12小题，共36分）1.近年我国在科学技术领域取得了举世瞩目的成就。

对下列成就所涉及的化学知识的判断错误的是( )A. 北斗三号卫星搭载了精密计时的铷原子钟，铷是金属元素B. 奋斗者号潜水器载人舱外壳使用了钛合金，钛合金属于无机非金属材料C. 长征五号遥二火箭把天和核心舱送入太空，火箭动力源于氧化还原反应D. 天问一号探测器着陆火星过程中使用了芳纶制作的降落伞，芳纶是高分材料用2.下列物质中，能够导电的电解质是( )A. 铝丝B. 熔融的C. 溶液D. 蔗糖3.下列离子方程式正确的是( )A. 铝粉投入到溶液中：B. 钠与硫酸铜溶液反应：C. 溶液中加入足量的氨水：D. 溶液与溶液反应：4.下列反应属于加成反应的是( )A.B.C.D.5.下列描述正确的是( )为形的极性分子的空间构型为平面三角形中有对完全相同的成键电子对和的中心原子均为杂化分子中既含键又含键A. B. C. D.6.下列说法中正确的是( )A. 凡能起银镜反应的物质一定是醛B. 乙醛能发生银镜反应，表明了醛具有氧化性C. 福尔马林是的甲醛水溶液，可用于浸制生物标本D. 在加热和有催化剂的条件下，醇都能被空气中的所氧化，生成对应的醛7.关于和下列比较正确的是( )相同温度下，的溶解度比大；的热稳定性比强相同物质的量浓度的和溶液，溶液的比溶液的大；等物质的量和分别和盐酸反应，剧烈程度是强于相同质量的和分别和盐酸反应产生的在相同条件下的体积是大于．A. B. C. D.8.某密闭容器中发生如下反应：；。

下图表示该反应的速率随时间变化的关系，、、时刻外界条件有所改变，但都没有改变各物质的初始加入量。

兰溪市第五中学高二适应性考试化学试卷注意事项：1.本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共120分。

考试时间100分钟。

2.请将选择题答案填涂在答题卡上，第Ⅱ卷答案一律写在答题纸上，否则答案无效。

3.可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 P-31 S-32 Cl-35.5Ca-40 Cu-64 Br-80 Ag-108第Ⅰ卷（选择题共48分）一、单项选择题：（本题包括8小题，每小题3分，共24分。

每小题有一个选项符合题意）1．保护环境已成为人类的共识，人类应以可持续发展的方式使用资源，以合理的方式发现进行处理并循环使用。

下列做法不利于．．．环境保护的是A．发电厂的煤经脱硫处理B．将煤转化为水煤气作燃料C．回收并合理处理聚乙烯塑料废物D．电镀废液经中和后直接排放2．观察下列模型并结合有关信息，判断有关说法不正确的是B12结构单元SF6分子S8分子HCN结构模型示意图备注熔点1873K/ 易溶于CS2/A．单质B12属原子晶体，结构单元中含有30个B-B键，含20个正三角形B．SF6是由极性键构成的非极性分子C．固态硫S8属于原子晶体D．HCN的结构式为H－C≡N3．下列叙述中正确的是A．在水溶液中能电离出自由移动的离子的晶体一定是离子晶体B．向无色溶液中加BaCl2溶液，生成白色沉淀，再加稀硝酸，沉淀不消失，由此确定该溶液中一定含有SO42－C．用ω1和ω2分别表示a mol/L 和b mol/L氨水的质量分数，若a=2b，则2ω2<ω1D．在CH4、CS2、CCl4分子中，各原子最外层均满足8电子稳定结构且均为非极性分子4．可逆反应2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)；△H<0，在一定条件下达到平衡状态，时间为t1时改变条件。

化学反应速率与反应时间的关系如右图所示。

下列说法正确的是A.维持温度、反应体系容积不变，t1时充入SO3(g)B.维持压强不变，t1时升高反应体系温度C.维持温度、容积不变，t1时充入一定量ArD.维持温度、压强不变，t1时充入SO3(g)5．为提纯下列物质（括号内的物质是杂质），所选用的除杂试剂和分离方法都正确的是被提纯的物质除杂试剂分离方法A 溴化钠溶液（NaI）氯水、CCl4萃取、分液B 氯化铵溶液（FeCl3）氢氧化钠溶液过滤C 二氧化碳（CO）氧化铜粉末通过灼热的CuO粉末D 苯（苯酚）浓溴水过滤6．下列现象或事实可用同一原理解释的是A．溴水遇乙烯或SO2气体都会褪色B．氢氧化钠溶液和硫酸亚铁溶液长期露置于空气中会变质C．CO和NO都属于有毒气体D．工业浓酸盐和浓硝酸都呈黄色7．2005年诺贝尔化学奖获得者施罗克等人发现金属钼的卡宾化合物可以作为非常有效的烯烃复分解催化剂。

江苏省南通市名校联盟2023-2024学年高二（2025届新高三）下学期高考适应性测试卷英语试题一、阅读理解Las Vegas can offer a lot more than you expect. Here are the best guided tours to help visitors make the most of their Sin City getaway.Big Bus Las Vegas — Open Top Night Tour Admire the glittering lights downtown on this evening double-decker bus tour. Along the drive, you’ll pass well-known buildings before hopping off to enjoy the free light shows on Fremont Street. Tour-takers praise the guides for their informative, friendly account. Passengers can board the buses at the LINQ Promenade starting at 7 p.m. each evening.Cowboy Trail Rides — Red Rock Canyon Sunset Horseback RideWhen you need a break from the city life, put on a cowboy hat and boots for a sunset trail ride through Red Rock Canyon. On the ride, you’ll follow a guide through the picturesque desert landscape, watching for wildlife. Travelers warn that it can get chilly on the ride, so they advise wearing warm layers.Trail Rides are offered Tuesday through Sunday.Papillon Grand Canyon Helicopters — Grand Celebration TourPapillon Grand Canyon Helicopters’ Grand Celebration tour offers bird’s-eye views of sought-after sights, like Eagle Point and Lake Mead. The tour also includes a Champagne picnic. The pilots and staff earn praise for their friendliness and professionalism.There are several daily departure options.Secret Food Tours — Las Vegas Strip Every day Secret Food Tours take groups of 10 participants to five-star restaurants on the Strip to sample a variety of cooking delights, including pizza, chocolates and lobster. During the walking tour, highly praised guides teach tourgoers about the city’s food and culture. Travelers say the food on the tour is plentiful and tasty, but they warn that you’ll be doing a lot of walking.Tickets include all food tastings.1．What can visitors do during the Open Top Night Tour?A．Admire charged light shows.B．Explore well-known buildings.C．Board buses on Fremont Street.D．Enjoy an evening double decker bus tour.2．What do the Grand Celebration Tour and Las Vegas Strip have in common?A．Visitors can try a horseback ride.B．Visitors can have some food to taste.C．Visitors can enjoy views from high in the air.D．Visitors can learn about the history of Las Vegas.3．Which tour is unlikely to offer services every day?A．Secret Food Tours — Las Vegas StripB．Big Bus Las Vegas — Open Top Night TourC．Papillon Grand Canyon Helicopters — Grand Celebration TourD．Cowboy Trail Rides — Red Rock Canyon Sunset Horseback RideThere is plenty of complaints about how social media—texting in particular—may harm children’s social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging (IM’ing)and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的).British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were “regular” IM’ers. The researchers analyzed150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM’ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, pain or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their pain—not enough to completely get rid of it, but enough to leave them feeling better.“Our findings suggest that IM’ing between adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,” the authors write. People who talk with their real-life friends online report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond.Why would digital commutation improve human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may be considered as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show)that the anonymity (匿名) of writing ona device blankets the users in a sense of safely that may make people feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and truest feelings. Previous research has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent”. emotions and provide a sense of relief—and doing-so knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend may provide even more comfort Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were painful than extraverts (内向的) did. As Susan Cain, author of Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World that Can’t Stop Talking, wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often full of thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offer; the chance to connect—but in measured amount and from behind a screen. 4．What is the finding of the new study by British researchers?A．Instant messaging will harm children’s social and intellectual development.B．Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging.C．A lot of American teens use instant messaging every day.D．American teens aged 14 to 18 are addicted to instant messaging.5．What can be inferred from the results of the study?A．Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling unhappy.B．Instant messaging can help completely remove teens’ negative emotions.C．Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm.D．Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions.6．What does the digital communication enable users to do?A．Avoid embarrassment and discomfort.B．Share and discuss more information.C．Produce more expressive writings.D．Find more sympathetic friends.7．What does Susan Cain say about introverts?A．They do not reveal their thoughts to friends, family and colleagues.B．They tend to feel more unhappy about IM conversations than extraverts.C．They are more skillful at the art of socializing than extraverts.D．They at times desire to socialize or talk via social media.On a chilly autumn morning in the Italian countryside near Larderello, Tuscany, the mistylandscape reminded me why the area is nicknamed the Devil’s Valley. The land here is a web of natural cracks in the rock that let a mix of steam and gases reach the surface.Unlike the rolling hills and cypress-lined roads of other parts of Tuscany, the landscape here is covered with dozens of grey cooling towers puffing white vapors. The deafening roar of a turbine (涡轮机) at the Valle Secolo geothermal (地热的) plant breaks the quietness, but its violent spinning transforms steam rising from underground into energy for 150,000 families in the region. About 30% of Tuscany’s electricity comes from this energy source. After producing electricity, the leftover steam heats water for nearby districts.This underground energy has recently proved a vital resource. Italy greatly depended on Russian fossil fuels and in 2023 Italians bore the world’s highest household electricity bills. Factories cut down production and households had to turn down their heaters. But residents of the Larderello area spent the winter in warm homes, thanks to the local geothermal plants working 24/7.Bruno Della Vedova, president of the Italian Geothermal Union, hopes that in the future other Italian regions could benefit from such a resource, which is extremely important when the whole world looks to transition to renewable energy.While countries like Iceland and Kenya are taking advantage of their geothermal resources, the industry’s growth has made slow progress in Italy. High set-up costs and difficulties in extraction present significant barriers. And new plants often run into opposition from nearby communities over health concerns.Italy sits on a geothermal sweet spot. Especially below Larderello, as Della Vedova says. A vast reservoir (储备) of steam and water is trapped between Earth’s inner heat and a layer of clay-heavy rocks. High temperatures lead to the formation of steam directly inside the reservoir, providing a significant source of energy.But while heat from Earth’s core is practically endless, the water it heats within the planet are not. So Della Vedova says restoring underground water supplies and using them sustainably is critical for the future. “We can’t take advantage of a geothermal resource at will,” he says. 8．What is the second paragraph mainly about?A．The landscape in the countryside.B．The introduction to a geothermal plant.C．The application of geothermal energy in Tuscany.D．The process of turning underground steam into heat.9．Why has geothermal industry developed slowly in Italy?A．People near new plants object to it.B．Geothermal plants cut down their production.C．There is very little underground water and steam.D．People use less electricity by turning down heaters.10．What is Della Vedova’s attitude to the prospect of geothermal energy?A．Unfavorable.B．Unclear.C．Optimistic.D．Cautious. 11．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Where does geothermal energy lead Italy?B．Is the heat from Earth’s core really limitless?C．Can energy from underground help power Italy?D．How can geothermal energy be used scientifically?Over the past few months, the Let Them Theory has been making waves online. It started when Mel Robbins, a popular motivational speaker, shared it on Instagram. In her video, Robbins talks about the importance of letting go of control in certain situations, advocating for a model shift in how we interact with others.Robbins insists that too often, we waste time and energy trying to push others into meeting our expectations. Instead, she proposes a simpler, more liberating approach: “letting them” be themselves. “Let them be themselves because they are revealing who they are to you. Just let them. Then, you get to choose what you do next.” she said.Dr. Sophie Mort, a clinical psychologist and mental health expert, offers deeper insights into the psychological foundation of this Theory. She said that our natural desire to control others often originates from a need to relieve our own anxieties and uncertainties. However, such attempts often result in disappointment and exhaustion as we realize the uselessness of our efforts. Basically, the theory emphasizes the acknowledgment that we cannot control the actions or decisions of others. It urges us to give up the burden of forcing our desires onto those closest to us and accept the mindset of acceptance.While the theory may not be formally recognized in clinical settings, its principles connect with established concepts such as acceptance and mindfulness. It shows the essence of acceptance and commitment therapy, emphasizing the importance of accepting our thoughts and feelings without judgment. Meanwhile, marriage and family therapist Chapell Marsh further explains the resemblance between the theory and the psychological concept of “locus of control.”The theory received a lot of positive responses. Many claim that adopting this approach has fostered harmony and minimized conflicts in their interactions. However, it’s urgent to recognize the limitations of the theory. While it promotes acceptance and nonjudgmental attitudes, it must not be employed in situations where safety is compromised or where necessary conversations are avoided. “Avoiding difficult conversations can lead to problems,” said Chapell Marsh. 12．What’s the core of the Let Them Theory?A．Taking control of others in every situation.B．Letting others expose their true self to us.C．Pushing others into meeting our expectations.D．Insisting on our way of interacting with others.13．Why do people want to control others according to Dr. Sophie?A．To be satisfied with themselves.B．To make others accept their mindset.C．To ease their own worries and doubts.D．To force their desires onto the closest ones.14．What does the author convey in paragraph 4?A．The Let Them Theory should be recognized clinically.B．We should accept our thoughts and feelings without judgement.C．Marriage and family relationships need psychological concepts.D．The Let Them Theory is consistent with the existing accepted theories.15．In which situation should the Let Them Theory be avoided?A．Your friend’s safety is being threatened.B．Someone says something mean behind your back.C．Your kids don’t want to get up and go shopping with you.D．Your friends are not inviting you out to brunch this weekend.What’s in a Game?Picture you and your friends sitting around one Saturday, bored. You’ve read every book, watched every movie and played every game. There is absolutely nothing left to do. 16 ? Here are some guidelines to help you invent a new game that’s both playable and fun.The OhjectiveThe first thing you’ll need to design a great game is an objective or goal for players to work toward. 17 . For example, Hockey games and Risk, a kind of card game, have one thing in common — when one player or team reaches the final objective, they win.18Next, you’ll need rules to let your players know what they can and can’t do. It might seem like a game with no rules would be more fun. You can do anything you want! Unfortunately, this often results in confused players arguing about how the game should be played. Rules set limits and define what the game is — and what it isn’t. Players need to know what they can and can’t do, and what will happen when they do different things.Meaningful ChoicesWhile you are creating your rules, think about the choices players will make and what effects those choices will have. 19 . If the same thing happens no matter what choice the player makes, they’ll wonder why they have to choose.Don’t Forget to Playtest!Any game you see in stores has gone through many rounds of testing and revision. Rules that seem clear to you might be confusing for others. Situations might come up that you didn’t expect. 20 .A．The PlaceB．The RulesC．What can your players doD．What if you could invent your own gameE．Every choice a player makes needs to have an effect on the gameplayF．The best way to make sure your game is playable and fun is to playtest itG．Objectives can take many forms, but they should always be clear to the players二、完形填空Torrie, 16, and her friend Azarria were driving back home when another car hit them. When Torrie opened her eyes, she 21 their car had been pushed into a tree. There came 22 from the gathering crowd as the car was smoking. Torrie’s door wouldn’t open, but her window became an escape 23 .“Everyone ran away, fearing the car was going to 24 . But turning around, I didn’t see Azarria. I ran back and saw she was 25 in the back seat. I decided to help her out of the 26 .”“I didn’t know how I made it. I just became stronger at that moment,” she says. She 27 a bystander to call 911 and started CPR.After 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths, Azarria began to show 28 of life. Just then, the paramedics 29 to rush Azarria to the nearest hospital.30 for both girls, their Lakewood High School offers a First-Aid Skills class taught by Erika Miller. Torrie had earned her 31 in the class just the day before this accident.“I was absolutely astonished,” Erika says. “In my years of teaching, I never 32 a student would finish the course and in 24 hours have to 33 CPR on her friend.”“I was grateful to Torrie, but I wasn’t surprised.” Azarria says. “She would have done that for anyone. That’s just 34 of her.“First-aid training should be a(n) 35 in schools,” Torrie says. “It can make a difference between life and death.”21．A．examined B．recognized C．determined D．panicked 22．A．antiques B．breakthroughs C．refreshments D．screams 23．A．route B．frame C．release D．motion 24．A．proceed B．explode C．slip D．crash 25．A．noble B．humble C．swollen D．unconscious 26．A．highlight B．duration C．chaos D．insight 27．A．instructed B．stimulated C．alarmed D．disturbed28．A．symbols B．routines C．luxury D．signs 29．A．blew up B．relied on C．rolled up D．carried on 30．A．Fortunately B．Literally C．Particularly D．Urgently 31．A．barrier B．certificate C．deadline D．living 32．A．defended B．grasped C．anticipated D．dominated 33．A．perform B．cast C．cite D．expose 34．A．awesome B．elegant C．fond D．typical 35．A．intervention B．requirement C．exception D．perspective三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

三台中学实验学校2021年高二上1月月考历史试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共48分）一、选择题（下列各题的四个选项中只有一项是最符合题意的，请把它选出来，并把它前面的字母填涂在答题卡相应的位置。

每小题2分，共48分）1．有人认为中国古代最讲“爱”的莫过于墨子，誉之为“世界平等博爱主义第一大家”，这是因为墨子的主张A．代表手工业者的利益B．倡导主动地爱护别人C．强调爱不分厚薄亲疏D．强调各国要和平相处2．董仲舒的《春秋繁露》共82篇（包括3篇阙文），其中约 22篇引用《诗经》部分字词或句序，为释文所用，或引用《诗经》中的一些诗句，对阴阳灾异观点进行阐释。

董仲舒的这一做法意在A．宣扬《诗经》的思想文化价值B．承袭先秦以来的民本思想C．使儒学形成严密的哲学体系D．论证其儒学思想的合理性3．魏晋时期阶级矛盾和民族矛盾复杂尖锐，社会长期动荡不安。

玄学、佛教、道教均盛行一时，得到过统治者的大力提倡。

由此可以推知当时A．儒学理论无法有效应对现实问题B．抨击名教蔑视礼法的行为普遍存在C．三教合一的潮流成为思想主流D．儒学吸收佛道思想产生新的思想体系4．明代王守仁提出：“良知良能，愚夫愚妇与圣人同。

但惟圣人能致其良知，而愚夫愚妇不能致，此圣愚之所由分也。

下列对这句话的理解正确的是A．王守仁主张严格等级秩序B．愚夫愚妇克服私欲才能成圣贤C．平民百姓与圣人身份平等D．该思想不利于社会秩序的稳定5．下面是顾炎武和黄宗羲的相关论述。

由此可知，两人都A．抨击专权体制B．倡导经世致用学风C．否定君主制度D．强调自由平等原则6．根据高中历史学科核心素养，判断下列四个选项中属于“史料实证”的是A．北宋时期平民毕昇最早发明了活字印刷术B．《金史》中提到“火炮”，说明火药应用于战争C．“四大发明”是古代中国对人类文化的重大贡献D．指南针传入西方，推动了新航路的开辟与世界市场的形成7．汉字有6种基本的造字方法,目前常用汉字有3500个,识读其中的2500个,就可以进行一般性的阅读与写作。