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英语中考语法复习——（十二）句子种类（特殊句式）中考考点一：特殊疑问句1.由疑问副词构成的特殊疑问句。
疑问副词用于对状语进行提问，常用的有when(询问时间）、where(询问地点）、why(询问原因）、how(询问方式、途径、状态）等。
2.由疑问代词构成的特殊疑问句。
疑问代词可以对主语、表语、宾语提问，常用的有what(询问物；询问人的职业等）、who(询问人）、which(询问选择）、whose(询问物主）、whom(询问人，介词后）。
how often 多久一次强调动作的频度，通常对once, twice, three times等表示频度的词提问。
如：How often does he write to his mother? 他多久给他妈妈写一次信？how long 多长时间强调时间的延续，通常对for..., since...等表示一段时间的状语提问。
如：How long does it usually take you to do your homework?你通常花多长时间做作业？how soon 还有多久强调做事的速度，通常对“in+一段时间”进行提问，常用于将来时。
如：How soon will he come back? 他还有多久才回来？how far 多远针对距离进行提问。
如：How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远？how long还可以表示“长度有多长”，如how long is this river?这条河有多长？What/ How about +doing sth.? 意为：做某事如何？( )1. --Can you tell me _____ it is from home to school?—Sure. It's about three kilometers.A. how muchB. how longC. how farD. how soon( )2. --______ can you get to the airport? --In about 30 minutes. I'm on the way.A. How soonB. How longC. How muchD. How often( )3. --______ have you worked here? —For just one month.A. How oftenB. How longC. How soonD. How much( )4. --We don't have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?—OK. What about_______A. to see B seeing C. to see D. sees中考考点二：反义疑问句A. 反义疑问句的标准形式反义疑问句的标准形式是。
句子种类讲解句子按使用目的可分为四类：1、陈述句2、疑问句3、祈使句4、感叹句1、陈述句：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。
（1）肯定句：We love our motherland.（2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays.2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。
回答要用yes或no。
Are you a worker?Haven’t you seen the film?（2）特殊疑问句：为疑问词加一般疑问句Who is the man? When do you watch TV?What are they doing now?（3）选择疑问句：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do.Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French.（4）反意疑问句：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。
在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。
They are going to the airport, aren’t they?You haven’t finished your homework, have you?He seldom went to bed at ten, did he?He knows little Russian, does he?说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。
3.祈使句：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。
（1）陈述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。
（2）否定句：Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。
句子的种类一、陈述句1)陈述句的肯定形式I am a sixteen-year-old German student.She wants to know what you think.They will write a report about wasting water.Mary showed us around the modern schoolThe Russians have sent an Astronaut into space.2)陈述句的否定形式把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况1 ) 在be, have, will, shall, can, need, must, may, should, would, could 后直接力口note.g Lily and Liz are twins.Lily and Liz aren't twins.e.g She can speak English very fluently.She can' t speak English very fluentlye.g They have got four classes in the morningThey haven' t got four classes in the morninge.g There will be a lecture in our school tomorrow.There won' t be a lecture in our school tomorrow.2)在助动词do, does或did后加not,再把它们放在行为动词前面，而行为动词原形e.g We clean the room every dayWe don't clean the room every daye.g .She finished her homework yesterdayShe didn't finish her homework yesterdaye.g .Mary speaks English very well.Mary doesn't speak English very well.3)否定句可有其他形式表示.如句中出现no, nobody, few, little, neither, hardly, nor, never等There are no books on the desk.Nobody can answer my questionThere is little time leftNeither of my parents is a teacher二疑问句疑问句就是提出问题，让对方作出回答.英语中有四种疑问句，即一般疑问句，殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句1 . 一般疑问句用Yes或No来回答的疑问句，一般用升调.它的构成有如下两种：1)用be 动词，助动词(will, shall, would, should),情态动词(can, need, must, may, could)或have开头Can she speak English?Are you all students?2)用助动词(do, did, does)开头，后接动词原形Do you go to school on foot?Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?2.特殊疑问句由特殊疑问句词加一般疑问句构成.它不能用Yes或No回答，一般用降调,常见的特殊疑问词有what, who, whom, when, what time, where, why, which, whose, how old, how many+可数名词复数，how much+不可数名词,how long, how far, how fast, how soon1） .疑问词who, what作主语或主语的一部分时，用陈述语序Which picture is the best?What happened to him just now?Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?2） .疑问词when, where, why, how等加一般疑问句.When will you go to the airport to meet your uncle?Where is Li Ping?Why didn' t she go to the cinema last night?How long have you lived here?3）选择疑问句在疑问句中，用or连接两个或两个以上等同成分的单词或词组，让别人进行选择,不能用Yes或No来回答，而只能是选择其中之一,或全选，或全不选来回答.它可以有以下两种形式A 由一般疑问句开头eg. Is there any coffee or water in the cup?Do you often play basketball or play the piano?B由特殊疑问句开头eg. Who gets up earlier, your father or your mother?Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?4・反意疑问句由两部分组成，前半句为陈述句，后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句，回答时用Yes 或No.它的构成和回答主要如下：1 ）如果前半句是肯定句，那么后半句是否定的缩写形式.e.g. They are interested in collecting stamps, aren' t they?—Yes, they are.是的.他们对收集邮票感兴趣.---No, they aren't.不，他们他们对收集邮票不感兴趣.2）如果前半句是否定句，那么后半句就用肯定形式加代词构成e.g: Tom didn' t pass the exam, did he?—Yes, he did. 不，他通过了考试.--No, he didn' t,是，他没通过考试三、祈使句1、含义：表示命令、请求、建议、劝告的句子被称为祈使句。
《英语周报》2019年英语中考必备专讲专练（十三）句子种类句子按说话目的可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。
在肯定结构中，谓语动词不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词，如no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以构成否定句。
【考例链接】1. Tom has been to the US before. (改为否定句)Tom ______ ______ to the US before. (2017甘肃白银)2. Mr. Hu is having a rest in his bedroom. (改为否定句)Mr. Hu ______ ______ having a rest in his bedroom. (2017重庆A卷)3. Li Lei does the housework every day. (改为否定句)Li Lei ______ ______ the housework every day. (2016湖北孝感)4. Both Lucy and May can speak Japanese very well. (变成否定句)______ Lucy ______ May can speak Japanese very well. (2016黑龙江绥化)疑问句疑问句用来提出问题。
英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。
《义务教育英语课程标准》要求同学们掌握前三种。
考点一：一般疑问句。
一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前构成。
一般疑问句用Yes 或No 来回答，其回答常用简略答语。
【考例链接】1. The invention of smartphones changed the world in many ways. (改为一般疑问句)______ the invention of smartphones ______ the world in many ways? (2017上海)2. I am going to play chess with my friends over the weekends. (改为一般疑问句)______ you going to play chess with ______ friends over the weekends? (2017新疆乌鲁木齐)考点二：特殊疑问句。
