语法资料
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语法复习精品指南(一)词类(parts of speech)英语的词通常分为十大类:1)名词(noun,缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔),English(英语),life(生活)。
2)代词(pronoun,缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词,如we(我们),his(他的),all (全部)。
3)形容词(adjective,缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词,如great(伟大的),honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)。
4)数词(numeral,缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。
5)动词(verb,缩写为v)表示动作和状态,如write(写),walk(行走),think(想)。
6)副词(adverb,缩写为。
adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词,如quickly(快),of ten(经常),very(很)。
7)冠词(article,缩写为art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词,如a,an(一个),the(这,那)。
8)介词(preposition,缩写为prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系,如fr om(从),in(在…内),between(在…之间)。
9)连词(conjunction,缩写为conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词,如and(和),because(因为),if(假如)。
10)感叹词(interjection,缩写为int.)表示感情,如。
oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(嘘)。
[注一]属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词(notional word)。
属于后四类(冠、介、连、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词(form word)。
[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类,如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。
英语五大基本句型结构语法
英语五大基本句型结构语法有:
一、句型1——主语+谓语;
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语;
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语;
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
扩展资料
一、句型1——主语+谓语
我们知道,一个句子是为了说明一件事(或表达一种感情),最简单的表达方式,就是“谁,怎么样了”。
这里的“谁”,就是句子的主语,它的内涵很丰富,可以是人、物、某种行为等。
“怎么样了”,就是句子的.谓语,由动词充当。
主语+谓语,即构成一个最简单的句子。
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语
句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语,宾语是什么呢?还是从句子表达事情的角度看,可以理解为“谁,对谁怎么样了”。
宾语,就是主语借助一个动作(谓语)作用的一个对象。
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型里,我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语,直接宾语,就是谓语动词直接作用的对象,而间接宾语,是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象,再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
相对于句型2,这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语,“补足”意思就是补充说明,所以宾语补足语的作用,就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
还记得系动词吗?我们在动词那一节也讲过哦,这里就不复习了。
这个句型,就是在讲如何使用系动词。
表语,就是跟在系动词后面的
成分的一个统称,不用过分在意它是什么意思。
感官类系动词,其后一般接形容词;be动词后一般接名词(或不定式等)。
最权威的英语语法书
在英语语法学习领域,有几本书籍被广泛认为是权威的参考资料:
1.《英语语法大全》:由夸克等人撰写,这本书被认为是迄今为止最权威和最有影响力的英语语法书之一。
它详尽地介绍了英语语法的各个方面,适合那些想要深入研究英语语法的学习者和研究者。
2.剑桥《英语在用系列》:这是一套实践型的语法书,适合通过练习来巩固语法知识。
这套书籍以其实用性和针对性受到了学习者的青睐。
3.牛津《英语语法教程》:同样是一本实践型的语法书,它提供了丰富的练习和解释,帮助学习者掌握英语语法。
4.《Raymond的英语语法学习指南》:这本书已经成为史上最畅销的语法书之一,书中的内容适合各个水平的学习者。
总的来说,选择一本适合自己的英语语法书时,可以考虑书籍的内容深度、实用性以及是否适合自己的学习风格。
对于初学者来说,可能需要一本更注重基础知识和实用练习的书籍,而对于高级学习者或专业人士,则可能需要一本更加深入和全面的语法参考书。
此外,规划一个合理的学习路线,结合多种学习资源和方法,将有助于更有效地掌握英语语法。
供参考。
英语语法复习资料一、名词名词是指人、事、物、地方等的名称。
常见名词有单数和复数两种形式,其中复数形式的构成规则如下:- 一般情况下在名词末尾加s,如books、tables等;- 以s、x、o、sh、ch结尾的名词,在末尾加es,如boxes、foxes、potatoes;- 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es,如cities、bodies。
二、形容词形容词是修饰名词或代词的词语,用来描述事物的性质、特征和状态等。
形容词有三个等级,分别为原级、比较级和最高级。
比较级用来表达两个事物之间的比较,最高级则用来表示三个或三个以上事物的比较。
- 原级:表示不作比较的形容词,例如blue, hot;- 比较级:表示两个事物之间的比较,一般以-er结尾,如hotter, stronger;- 最高级:表示三个或三个以上事物的比较,一般以-est结尾,如hottest, strongest。
三、动词动词是表示动作或状态的词语,根据动词的不同形式进行时态和语态的变化。
其中时态分为现在时、过去时、将来时;语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
- 现在时:表示现在正在进行或经常性发生的动作,常用动词原形表现,如I swim every day;- 过去时:表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常用动词过去式表现,如He played football yesterday;- 将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用will或be going to加动词原形表现,如I will go to school tomorrow。
四、副词副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示程度、频率、方式、地点和时间等,是语言中一种非常重要的词汇类型。
常见的副词有slowly、quickly、always等,可用来修饰动词,表示对动作的描述。
五、介词介词是指放在名词、代词前面,用来表示名词、代词和其他字眼在时间、空间或逻辑上的位置关系。
常见的介词有in、on、at等,如in the morning、on the table 等。
(3)表范围的,如:都、全、总、单、仅、只、一概、一律(4)表语气的,如:岂、却、就、竟、简直、难道(5)表肯定的,如:准、必、的确、确实(6)表否定的,如:不、别、未、莫、无、勿、没有(7)表示情态、方式的,如:正好、忽然、亲自、仿佛、连忙(8)表重复的,如:又、再、还、尤(9)表处所的,如:到处、处处、随处、四处【注意】:“很”“极”可以用在动词、形容词后面做补语,如:高兴得很、喜欢极了。
2.介词:用在名词(或短语)、代词前边,与之构成介宾短语,表方向、处所、方式、时间、对象、比较,做定语、状语和补语。
(1)介方向、处所,如:从、自、往、朝、向、在、于(2)介方式、方法,如:以、依、照、凭、按(3)介时间,如:从、自从、在、于、当、常用介词及用法顺口溜:自、从、以、当、为、按照,由于、对于、为了、到,和,跟、把、比、在、关于,除了,同,对,向,往,朝……用在名词代词前,修饰“动”“形”要记牢。
(四)助词1、含义:是起辅助作用的词,没有独立性,意义最不实在。
2、种类:结构助词:的、地、得、所、似的动态助词:着,了,过语气助词:了、吗、呢、啊、呀、吧、哪、啦3、注意事项:○结构助词“的”主要用在名词前头,“地”主要用在动词前头,前后两部分之间是修饰关系或限制关系。
“得”主要用在动词之后,表示补充或说明。
○结构助词“所”用在一部分动词的前边,组成一个名词性成分,用来修饰名词(后边在加“的”),或代替名词(后边要加“的”,有的不用加)。
○动态助词“着,了、过”,附着在动词的后边,表示动作行为的状态。
其中“着”表示动作,行为正在进行中;“了”表示已经完成;“过”表示曾经发生过。
○语气助词放在句子末尾,表示陈述,疑问,祈使或感叹等语气。
(五)叹词1、含义:是表示感叹,呼唤,应答等声音的词。
2、种类:主要有“唉,哎,嗨,喂,哎呀,哎哟”等。
* 叹词一般都是单用,独立成句。
(六)拟声词:是摹拟人或事物声音的词,如“哈哈,嘭,哗啦,叮,轰隆隆”等。
(完整版)英语语法学习资料英语语法学习资料(完整版) 第一讲名词⏹1.1名词的分类⏹名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
归纳表格如下⏹ | |专有名词 | || 名 | | 个体名词 | | | | |------------| 可数名词|| | | 集体名词 | | | |普通名词 | | | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | | | |------------| 不可数名词|| | | 抽象名词 | |) 以y 1结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较:层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos;b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoesc. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a. 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;c. 均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
二轮复习词句通100个句子掌握高中核心语法1.谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致1.People (who spend more time with their families) are usually much healthier and happier. 花费更多时间和家人在一起的人通常更健康更幸福。
(一般现在时)2.When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 当脂肪和食盐从食物中(被)移除,食物尝起来好像它缺少了一些东西。
(一般现在时及被动语态)3.The other day/Two days ago/Earlier this month, I reached/got to/arrived at school so late that I was criticized by my headteacher. 前几天/两天前/这个月的早些时候,我到学校很晚,以至于我被班主任批评了一顿。
(一般过去时及被动语态)4.So far/ up to now/ In recent years/ Over the past 10 years/ Since 10 years ago/ For ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown, because much work has been done to change it. 到目前为止/在最近的几年里/在过去的10年里/自从10年前/10年来,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化,因为很多工作已经被做来改变它。
(现在完成时及其被动语态)5.The passengers are packing now and the plane is arriving in 5 minutes. 乘客们正在打包行李,飞机将会在5分钟之后到达。
英语考试重点语法汇总一、名词I. 名词的种类:II. 名词的数:1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:2. 不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:III. 名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1. ’s所有格的构成:2. ’s所有格的用法:3. of所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed二、代词I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:II. 不定代词用法注意点:1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks?No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
(完整版)高一英语语法知识点的梳理总结一. 词类分类及用法1. 名词 (Nouns)- 名词可用来指代人、物、地方、抽象概念等。
- 名词可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
2. 代词 (Pronouns)- 代词用来替代名词,以避免重复使用。
- 代词包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。
3. 动词 (Verbs)- 动词用来表达一个动作、状态或存在的情况。
- 动词可根据时态、语态、情态等进行变化。
4. 形容词 (Adjectives)- 形容词用来描述名词或代词的特征或性质。
- 形容词可用来修饰名词或作表语。
5. 副词 (Adverbs)- 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。
- 副词可表示方式、时间、地点等。
6. 介词 (Prepositions)- 介词在句子中连接名词或代词,并与动词、形容词、副词等构成短语。
- 常见的介词包括 "in"、"on"、"at"、"by" 等。
7. 连词 (Conjunctions)- 连词用来连接词语、短语、从句或句子。
- 常见的连词有 "and"、"but"、"or" 等。
8. 冠词 (Articles)- 冠词用来限定名词。
- 英语中有定冠词 "the"、不定冠词 "a/an"。
二. 句子结构与语法规则1. 主谓结构- 句子由主语和谓语构成。
- 主语一般是名词或代词,谓语则是动词或动词词组。
2. 宾语与间接宾语- 宾语接受动词的影响,直接受动作。
- 间接宾语是作为某些动词的宾语而存在的。
3. 定语与定语从句- 定语修饰名词或代词,用来限定其范围。
- 定语从句用来对先行词进行补充说明。
4. 状语与状语从句- 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示时间、地点、方式等。
- 状语从句用来对句子进行补充说明。
一.将下列带有强调句型的英文句子翻译成汉语。
1. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.2. It is in this phase that sleep-walking can occur, with an average episode lasting no more than 15 minutes.3. It is because the birthrate fell earlier in Westem and Northwestem Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old.4. Over the next nineteen hundred years the numbers of Asiatic lions in the other areas declined steadily, but it was only in the nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere but in India.5. It is the complex interrelationships between them which determine the conditions that promote health.6. It was not until two decades ago that transistors began to replace electron tubes on a large scale.7. It is the release of nuclear energy within the Sun which enables it to send out so much energy to the Earth.8. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Westem film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made.二.使用强调句型,将下列汉语句子翻译成英文。
1.正是热使物质膨胀和融化。
2.直到上高中的时候我们才成为最好的朋友。
3.是当海明威生活在古巴时写的《老人与海》。
4.是我们社会的那些富裕的、有权势的人能够施加符合他们自己利益的变化。
5.直到1906年这种物质才最终被完全禁止。
6.是因为她母亲病了她昨天才没有去上学。
7.第一台电脑是在五十年前制造出来的,只是在大约过去三十年里它们才影响到我们的日常生活。
8.只是在最近天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体研究。
9.不是你说话的内容而是你说话的方式触怒了你父亲。
10.直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是著名影星。
三.通过去除从句,分词结构以及较长的介词短语,确定下列各句的主体部分。
1. A great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.2. Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, not a rich personality, on the whole packed globe.3. In order to analyze the levels of participation in education and science, three factors could be considered, including the average years of schooling, the number of scientists and technicians Per 1000 people, and the total amount of spending on research and development.4. However much is known about causes and consequences at the molecular level, and in spite of an enormous accumulation of chemical and morphological data on embryos of various kinds, our understanding of how genes control morphogenesis is still far from complete.6. The question of whether to divert themselves of stock in companies that do business in SouthAfrica is particularly troublesome for the nation's 116 private Black colleges because their economic bases are often more fragile than those of most predominant White colleges.7. When more general supervision and increased participation were provided, the employees' feeling of responsibility to see that the work got done increased.8. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wave lengths where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emission radiated from the Earth's surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.9. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800's, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws, and predicted in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo.10.Should such an accident happen when the commanding officer is charging into a landing athigh speed and trusting to his backing power to stop in time, merely to show himself to be a smart ship handler, the result may be a smashed bow or some worse accident caused not by an effort to perform some important service but merely by bravado.11.Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could becollected in a net, a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.12.However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does fromindustrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment andproducing most of the income - namely, the developing country.四. 将下列复合句译成汉语1. The first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they hadany, are forgotten.2.Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of themen who made them have disappeared without trace.3. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.4. When mother works economic advantages accrue, but children lose something of great value if mother's employment prevents her from being home to greet them when they return from school.5. In China men and women generally view marriage more similarly than differently.6. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.7.The way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that employees perceive that rewardsor outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given.8. The argument that poor children need to earn money for their family has been proven wrong in that, since they sacrifice a proper education, they can never move forward to greater earning opportunities for the rest of their life.9.Those who feel that sports stars' salaries are justified might argue that the number ofprofessionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.10.Whereas newly industrializing nations may be very eager to push away their old traditionalways entirely, some of the oldest industrialized nations are in many ways moving back toward their traditional heritage.11.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the mostperilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modem climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.12.The three oldest networks are the most extensive and carry the most passengers, whilst thesystems in Kyoto and Los Angeles are particularly small.五.将下列汉语翻译成英文,要求使用复合句。