语法复习资料

语法总复习语法总复习一、填空题1、语法是语言的三要素之一。

2、语法体系有两层含义，一是指语法规律，另一个是指语法学。

3、语法具有抽象性性、稳固性性和民族性性。

4、汉语划分词类的主要依据是语法功能。

5、根据组合能力的不同可以把实词分为谓词、动词、加词三类。

6、代词可以分为人称代词、疑问代词、指示代词。

7、句子的语气一般分为陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹四种。

8、从语义关系上看，主语可以分为施事主语、受事主语、中性主语。

9、副词的语法特点是一般只能充当状语。

10、助词包括结构助词、动态助词、尝试动词、时间助词、约数助词和比况助词以及“所、似的”等其他助词。

11、介词不能单独作句子成分，它和词或短语构成介词短语，主要作谓词的修饰语。

12、句子是能够表达一个相对完整意思的语言单位，每一个句子都有一定的句类，表示不同的语气。

13、由连动短语充当谓语的句子称连动句，由兼语短语充当谓语的句子是兼语句。

14、根据结构特点，疑问句可以分为是非问、特指问、选择问和正反问。

15、就词性来说，“偶然”是形容词，“偶尔”是副词。

16、谓词的主要功能是做宾语，一般能受“不”修饰。

17、就词性来说，“刚刚”是副词，“刚才”则是名词。

18、对句法结构的分析，可以从内部结构关系和外部功能两个方面入手。

19、从结构关系看，汉语短语的基本类型有联合、偏正、主谓、动宾、中补五种，另有连动短语、兼语短语、同位短语等类型。

20、根据结构关系，单句首先可分为主谓句和非主谓句两大句型。

21、复句一般可分为联合和意合两类。

二、单项选择题1、“几乎、尤其、有点儿”是。

A、表示情态、方式的副词B、表示时间、频率的副词C、表示语气的副词D、表示程度的副词2、形容词和动词的主要区别是。

A、形容词同时具备受程度副词修饰、不能带宾语两个语法功能，动词不能B、形容词都可以受程度副词修饰，动词不能C、形容词都不带宾语，动词都带宾语D、形容词可以做定语、状语，动词不能3、“兴趣、兴致、兴奋”词性分别是。

英语语法复习（一）动词时态1.---How are you feeling?---I’ve been feeling better since ____.A.the doctor has comeB.the doctor will comeC.the doctor had comeD.the doctor came2.Let’s go out for a drink when we ____ this work.A.will finishB.will have finishedC.finishedD.have finished3.I should think the corn crop ____ by next weekend.A.was gathered inB.will have gathered inC.has been gathered inD.will have been gathered in4.I ____ there nowadays, as it has become a very noisy place.A.never goB.never wentC.am never goingD.have never gone5.I enjoy Shakespeare’s works, up to now I ____ three of his plays.A.had readB.have readC.was readingD.am reading6.--- Did you see Betty yesterday?--- Yes, at five o’clock she ____ a letter.A.has writtenB.had writtenC.was writingD.had been writing7.It ____ every day so far this mouth.A.is rainingB.rainedC.rainsD.has rained8.--- I took the TOEFL.It was really hard.--- ____ a lot before you took it?A.Have you studiedB.Did you studyC.Had you studiedD.Do you study9.The cost of living ____ by ten percent before the government took any action.A.was goingB.went upC.had gone upD.has gone up10.The school was much bigger than she ____ at first.A.was thinkingB.thoughtC.had thoughtD.has thought11.They won’t leave until they ____ everything.A.will seeB.will have seenC.have seenD.saw12.I ____ all the work to be completed as soon as I ____.A.shall expect; returnB.expect; have returnC.expect; shall returnD.have expected; have returned13.Mr.Smith wondered whether his guest ____ the museum the next afternoon.A.will visitB.visitedC.has visitedD.would visit14.The police ____ for the thief everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.searchB.have searchedC.were searchingD.are searching15.Mr.White is going to a meeting tomorrow.Someone ____ take his place.A.will have toB.is having toC.have toD.had to答案DDDAB CDCCC CADCA（二）语态1.In warm weather fruit and meat ____ long.A.don’t keepB.cannot be keptC.are not keptD.are not keeping2.The classroom ____ 30 feet long.A.measuresB.is measuredC.hasD.has length3.---When did the lecture begin?---When all the students ____, he professor began his lecture.A.seatedB.sitC.were seatedD.seat4.Do you remember ____?A.how it is doneB.it how to be doneC.how is it done byD.how to do5.____ to have been rich.A.They sayB.It is saidC.He is saidD.That was said6.---How does Alma like her new work?---She ____ with the hour.A.can’t satisfyB.isn’t satisfiedC.doesn’t satisfyD.hasn’t satisfied7.---Why do you call your son Mouse?---He wants ____ by the name.A.to callB.to be calledC.to be callingD.being called8.His idea, though good, needs ____ out.A.being triedB.to tryC.triedD.to be tried9.--- I’d like to buy that coat.--- I’m sorry ____.A.it has soldB.it’s sellingC.it’s been soldD.it had been sold10.--- Did you telephone the governor’s office?--- Yes, he ____ back before tomorrow noon.A.expectsB.is expectedC.expectedD.is to expect11.The poor girl is to ____ a rich businessman.A.marry withB.be married withC.marry toD.be married to12.The best use ____ our present machine.A.must be made ofB.must be madeC.must make ofD.must make13.No permission has ____ for anybody to enter the building.A.been givenB.givenC.to giveD.be giving14.I’m sorry, sir.Your recorder isn’t ready yet.It ____ in the factory.A.is being repairedB.is repairedC.has been repairedD.hasn’t repaired15.Every possible means ____, but none proves successful.A.have been triedB.has been triedC.was triedD.has tried答案AACAC BBDCB DAAAB解析：1.侧重事物自身特性时，用主动语态。

初中英语语法复习汇总（一）名词一、名词的数1.单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：(1)一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→book s，girl→girls，boy→bo ys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→bo ys。

(2)以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxe s，watch→watche s，brush→brushe s。

(3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge 结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。

(4)以辅音母加y 结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories, country→countries,family→familie s。

但要注意的是以元音字母加y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→bo ys, day→day s。

(5)以o 结尾的词多数都加-es。

例如:her o→h eroes，pota to→pot atoes，tomato→tom atoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。

例如：zoo→zoos，ra dio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，pia no→pi anos。

(6)以f 或fe 结尾的词，多数变f 为v 再加-es，例如：knife→kniv es，leaf→l eaves, half→h alves。

复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。

复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s] cups, hats, cakes在[s][z][t][ ][F]等音后[iz] glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后[z] beds, dogs, cities, knives(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→m en，woma n→women，tooth→t eeth，f oot→feet，child→children，mouse→mi ce。

英语语法复习资料1.agree with sb 赞成某人2. all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样3.all over the world = the whole world 整个世界4. along with 同……一道，伴随……eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去5. ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事6. at the age of 在……岁时7. at the beginning of …………的开始15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg : she is able to sing23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me25 be as…原级…as和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to 对…感到羞愧22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么27 be away from 远离28 be away from 从……离开29 be bad for 对什么有害41 be good for 对什么有好处31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事32 be careful 当心；小心33 be differen t from……和什么不一样34 be famous for 以……著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满39 be going to + v(原）将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处44 be in good health 身体健康46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble47 be late for = come late to 迟到eg: Be late for class 上课迟到49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)53 be on a visit to 参观54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静57 be sick in bed 生病在床61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : He's strict in obeying noles62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定52 be not sure 表不确定66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: I am sure of learning English well67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head 我相信我的大脑68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as …和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉74 be worth doing 值得做什么77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home78 between…and…两者之间80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同82 by the end of 到……为止84 care 关心85 catch up with sb 赶上某人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进来88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么92 dance to 随着……跳舞eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在……方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事98 Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意……72.be terrified of 非常害怕的be afraid to+V原形害怕干某事be afraid of+名词/代词/Ving73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉74 be worth doing 值得做什么be on display 在展出by accident 偶然77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home78 between…and…两者之间80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同82 by the end of 到……为止complain about 抱怨……consider+Ving考虑change…into把…变成compare sb. to 把…比作cover…with用…盖come out出版care 关心85 catch up with sb 赶上某人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进来88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么92 dance to 随着……跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在……方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意……103 expect to do sth 期待做某事110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样？eg : I find the book interesting114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦119 get sb to do sth120 get…from… 从某处得到某物121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is give a tall122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈132 have been to …( 地方）…去过某过地方have gone to …（地方）去了某地还没回来133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴137 have…time +doing134 have sth to do 有什么事要做135 have to do sth 必须做某事136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦138 have…(时间)…off放……假eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为in some ways 在某些方面in the end = finally(adv) 最后150 in the north of…什么在什么的北方（north 北sowth 南west 西east 东）151 in the sun 在太阳下152 increase 增加153 instead of +（名）代替eg: I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人introduce oneself 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说）做某事怎么样It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…来说是个好主意162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: It's important to me163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了164 join = take part in 参加165 just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样？167 keep out 不让…… 进入169 key to +名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key to…anser to …key 可以是答题或钥匙171 laugh at… 取笑……eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学173 learn from sb 向某人学习174 learn to do sth 学做某事175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事176 Let sb down 让某人失望177 live from :离某地远178 live in +大地方/at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou179 look after = take care of 照顾，照看180.lose one's way 谁迷路eg : Lose your way 你迷路181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成190 make…difference t o…191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么192 most +名most of +代193 much too +形容词must be 一定195 need +名词196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事197 need to do (实义动词）need do (情态动词）198.no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不……eg: He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all202 not…at all 一点都不203 not…either表否定，也不204 not…until直到…才…205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供206 offer sb sth 提供什么东西给某人207 on one's way to…在谁去那的路上208 on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈210 on time 准时in time 及时211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天212 one of +可数名词的复数形式213 one to another 一个到另一个214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作fall-time job 全职工作216 pay for…付……钱pay the bill 开钱，付钱217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into221 practice +doing 练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对…更喜欢… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意…eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么pretend that 从句eg : He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案224 rather…than宁可…也不…eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师225 regard…as把…当作…eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother28 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人29 say to oneself 对自己说30 say to sb 对某人说231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？239 shock 使……震惊eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看eg: Show me your pen242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others…一些……另一些……244 start…with…从……开始begin…with…从……开始245 stay away from 远离……246 stop doing 停下正在做的事247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事250 such +名这样，这种251 suit sb 适合某人252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇to one's surprise 令某人惊奇253 take classes 上课254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital255 take walks = take a walk ＝go for a walk 散步256 ①talk to 对谁说eg : I talk to you ②talk with 和谁说eg : I talk with him③talk of 谈到eg : we talked of you ④talk about 谈论关于……257.talk with sb 和某人说话teach sb sth 教某人做某事tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句tell sb not to do sth tell a story261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么63 tell…from…thank you for +doing the same +名词(doing)+as……266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as相同267 the way to do sth ＝the way of doing sth 做某方面的方法the way to +地方去哪的路he way to…（地点）到哪的路269 too…to…太…而不能adj+enough to 足够…能…so…that +丛句太…所以…270 transalte ……into……把什么翻译成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了274 try…试衣服have a try 试一下275 turn down 开小←→turn up 开大276 turn off 关上←→turn on 打开open 拆开277 upside down 倒着278 visit to…参观某个地方279 wait for sb 等某人280 wait for sb to do sth 等某人做什么wait for sb 等某人wait for sometime 等多少时间281 wake sb up 把某人叫醒want to do sth 想做某事watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事284 welcome to +…（地方）欢迎到……285 what about +n /doing eg : what about an apple286 what if 如果……怎么办What if +句子eg : What if it is true ? 如果是真的怎么办？287 what they will do = what to do288 What's the matter ? = What's the trouble ? = What's wrong ? 有什么困难？289 while +延续性动词290 why don't you do = why not do291 will you please do will you please not do292 with one's best = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下293 with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下with one's help294 work at…在某处工作295 work with sb 和某人一起工作296 would like sth /to do sth eg : I would like to go to LuZhou297 would you please +do 298 yet :至今，用在否定句中299 you'd better do 最好做某事= you'd better not do 最好不要做某事300 不定式+v(原）314 向主语提问：Who304 向宾语提问：Whom 305 向地点提问：Where 306 向方式提问：How307 向价格和不可数名词提问：How much 308 向可数名词提问：How many309 向频率提问：How often 向时间段提问：How long 向时间提问：what time/when 312 向物主代词提问：Whose 313 向职业提问：what do/does……do301.联系动词（taste吃起来/sound听起来/look看起来/semll闻起来）+adj302 名词、副词、形容词修饰enongh 时, 形容词放在之前，名词副词放在之后303 太多too much +不可数too many +可数much too 相当于very ，修饰形容词315 在将来时中，……以后（用in，一般时态中，……以后（用after)。

现代汉语下册复习资料整理完整版第五章语法第一节语法概说1.语法的概念：语法是词、短语、句子等语法单位的结构规律，即，语法是说话所遵守的词句排列组合的规矩。

2.语法的含义：①指语法结构规律本身即语法事实；②指语法学。

(语法学是研究、描写、解释语法结构规律的科学，是对客观存在着的语法系统的认识和说明)3.语法学：语法学分词法(研究词类和各类词的构成、词性变化)、句法(研究短语、句子的结构规律和类型)。

4.语法体系的含义：①指语法系统：即客观存在的语法事实、语法规律的系统性，就是说，语法是各种规律交织成的整体，是自成系统的。

②指语法学体系，即语法学说的系统性。

一个民族语言的语法系统只有一个，一个民族语言的语法学体系可以不止一个。

5.语法的性质：抽象性(概括性)、稳固性(相对于语音和词汇来说)、民族性。

★6.语法单位：语素、词、短语、句子。

它们都是语言中的音义结合体。

语素是语言中最小的音义结合体。

语素可以组合成合成词，有的可单独成词。

词是最小的能够独立运用的语言单位，是组织短语和句子的备用单位。

一部分词加上句调可以单独成句。

短语是由词组成的、没有语调的语言单位，是造句的备用单位。

大多数短语可以加上句调成为句子。

句子是具有一个句调、能够表达一个相对完整的意思的语言单位，可由短语或词组成，句子前后有隔离性顿顿。

7.句法成分：句法成分是句法结构的组成成分。

句法成分是凭句法关系定名的。

八种基本句法成分：主语、谓语、宾语、动语、定语、状语、补语、中心语主语是被陈述的对象；谓语是陈述主语的，二者之间是陈述关系。

动语表示动作行为，是支配、涉及后面的宾语的成分；宾语表示人、物或事情，是动作所支配、所涉及的对象。

定语是名词性短语里中心语前面的修饰语；状语是谓词(动词、形容词)性短语里中心语前面的修饰语。

补语是动词、形容词性短语里中心语后面的补充成分。

★八种基本句法成分相互依存，即配对存在：①主语+谓语——陈述关系(主谓关系)②动语+宾语——支配或涉及关系(动宾关系)③定语+中心语——修饰限制关系(定中关系)④状语+中心语——修饰限制(状中关系)⑤中心语+补语——补充说明关系(中补关系)第二节词类(实词)1.词类：是词的语法性质的分类，划分词类的目的在于说明语句的结构规律和各类词的用法。

语法复习精品指南（十二）过去一般时的形式l)概说过去一般时由规则或不规则动词的过去式表示；除be外，其余动词没有人称和数的变化。

各种动词的否定结构和一般疑问结构，与现在一般时的否定结构和一般疑问结构相同。

2)动词be 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was，其余用were。

3)动词have 一律用had，没有人称和数的变化。

4)行为动词一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化。

现将过去一般时在肯定、否定、一般疑问和简略答语等四种结构。

过去一般时的用法l)表示过去的动作或状态常带有如yesterday，two、days ago，last week，in l958等时间状语以及由when等连词引导的时间状语从句。

如：We had a good swim last Sunday.我们上星期天游泳游得真痛快。

She suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天她突然病倒。

2)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。

如：He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work.他早上起得很早，打水，扫院，然后出去劳动。

3)也可以表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。

如：When my brother was a teenager，he played table tennis almost everyday.我弟弟十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。

[注] 表示过去经常的或反复的动作，也可以用would加动词原形或用used to加动词原形。

如：When he was a child he would go skating every winter.在他还是个孩子时，每年冬天都去滑冰。

Mr. Higgins used to have a big house in downtown.黑根斯先生在市区曾经有座大房子。

英语语法复习资料一、名词名词是指人、事、物、地方等的名称。

常见名词有单数和复数两种形式，其中复数形式的构成规则如下：- 一般情况下在名词末尾加s，如books、tables等；- 以s、x、o、sh、ch结尾的名词，在末尾加es，如boxes、foxes、potatoes；- 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，如cities、bodies。

二、形容词形容词是修饰名词或代词的词语，用来描述事物的性质、特征和状态等。

形容词有三个等级，分别为原级、比较级和最高级。

比较级用来表达两个事物之间的比较，最高级则用来表示三个或三个以上事物的比较。

- 原级：表示不作比较的形容词，例如blue, hot；- 比较级：表示两个事物之间的比较，一般以-er结尾，如hotter, stronger；- 最高级：表示三个或三个以上事物的比较，一般以-est结尾，如hottest, strongest。

三、动词动词是表示动作或状态的词语，根据动词的不同形式进行时态和语态的变化。

其中时态分为现在时、过去时、将来时；语态分为主动语态和被动语态。

- 现在时：表示现在正在进行或经常性发生的动作，常用动词原形表现，如I swim every day；- 过去时：表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常用动词过去式表现，如He played football yesterday；- 将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用will或be going to加动词原形表现，如I will go to school tomorrow。

四、副词副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示程度、频率、方式、地点和时间等，是语言中一种非常重要的词汇类型。

常见的副词有slowly、quickly、always等，可用来修饰动词，表示对动作的描述。

五、介词介词是指放在名词、代词前面，用来表示名词、代词和其他字眼在时间、空间或逻辑上的位置关系。

常见的介词有in、on、at等，如in the morning、on the table 等。

1.主谓一致主谓一致Subject-Verb Concord即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

1.1指导原则(1)语法一致语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致eg.A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则.Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则.(2)意义一致和就近原则意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。

补充解释和例句见书P22就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。

常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either…or…，neither… nor …，not only… but also …等.例句见书P23英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。

如：(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。

There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。

(2) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。

Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there? 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去？1.2-s结尾的名词作主语(1)以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称(2)以-ics结尾的学科名称(3)以-s结尾的地理名称(4)其他以-s结尾的名词1.3以集合名词作主语(1)通常作复数的集体名词见书P27【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义：Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。