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Unit 4How to write a winning resume如何写一份成功的简历The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone” that lists where you went to school and where you‟ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional” resume--- descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.简历的主要目的是如何说服雇主给你一次面试机会。
这有两种模式。
一个是大家熟悉的“墓碑”式，以时间顺序列出你在哪里上学和你曾在哪里工作。
另一种就是我称之为功能型简历——一种描述式的，让人乐于去读，让你看起来独一无二，同时极有可能会使你成功获得一次面试机会。
It‟s handy to have a “tomb-stone”for certain occasions.But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested “tombstone”lists,preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.在某些场合可能“墓碑”式简历更简便。
但极可能雇主们会把大部不愿回复的“墓碑”式简历扔掉，他们更愿意去面试那些灵活而非死板的人。
下面是一些如何写一份可能被阅读的功能型简历的建议，它将使你的形象跃然纸上，并让雇主对你产生兴趣。
1.Since we are through with the customs formalities, we feel rather released.我们办完了海关手续，感觉如释重负。
2.Repeated failures at making experiments may be too much for many talented would-be scientists.在实验过程中屡遭失败，对于许多有天赋的将要成为科学家的人来说可能是难以承受的。
3.Despite our efforts at quality-oriented education, many teachers and parents are still keen on marks.尽管我们努力推进素质教育,许多老师和家长还是热衷于分数。
4.Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
5.They build roads, houses, bridges, ships, pipelines, and canals.他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。
6.The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that ofcurrent.电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。
7. A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。
UNIT1adversity 逆境，不幸，厄运aftermath 后果，余殃，余波alleyway 小巷，胡同altruism 利他主义，无私anodyne 不冒犯他人的，四平八稳的aspire 追求，渴望，有志于bliss 快乐，无上幸福，福佑，至福bona fide 真正的，真实的，真诚的bromide 没有效果的话dazed 茫然的，迷乱的，恍惚的encompass 覆盖，围住excruciating 剧烈疼痛的gratifying 令人高兴的，使人满足的hallucinate 产生幻觉harrowing 折磨人的，可怕的，令人痛苦的ineffable 好得不可言喻legacy 遗留下来的状况mind-blowing 令人极度兴奋的neurological 神经的nostalgia 怀旧情绪ordeal 可怕的经历，痛苦的折磨paramount 至高无上的，最重要的province 范围，领域，职责范围preoccupied 全神贯注的，入神的refrain 一再重复的话rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎shrivel 皱缩，干枯，干瘪steroid 类固醇tranquil 平静的，宁静的，安谧的trauma 痛苦的经历traumatic 痛苦难忘的tribulation 苦难，艰苦ultramarathoner 马拉松运动员vomit 呕吐，呕出，吐出wimp 懦弱无用的人on the rocks 困难重重，濒临失败cancel out 抵消come to terms with 妥协，接受for the better 好转in line with 与…一致（符合）in the wake of 紧随…而来，作为…的后果keep…in check 控制某人（物）UNIT3abstruse 深奥的，高深的asylum 精神病院auditorium 听众席，观众席bookish 嗜书的，好读书的cerebral 要运用智力的，诉诸理性的chambermaid 女服务员contrivance 发明物，新装置dagger 匕首，短剑disintegrate 粉碎，崩裂，分崩离析double-decker 双层公共巴士eavesdrop 偷听fetching 动人的，迷人的，吸引人的flummox 使彻底不知所措fretful 烦躁的，发牢骚的gargle 漱口glottal stop 喉塞音hallucinogenic 引起幻觉的，致幻的itinerary 旅行计划，预订旅程law-abiding 守法的，安分守己的lemming 旅鼠lunatic asylum 精神病院，疯人院materialistic 实利主义的，物质主义的unmaterialistic 非物质主义的passionate 情欲强烈的，多情的pickax 鎬，鹰嘴锄pictogram 象形文字porcupine 豪猪，箭猪pore 仔细阅读，凝视，注视quell 减轻，消除（忧虑）relentless 严厉的，无情的，坚决的reverence 尊敬，崇敬rodent 啮齿动物rudimentary 基本的，初步的，粗浅的sleek 平直光滑的，有健康关泽的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛usherette 女引座员，女服务员windmill 风车，风力磨坊get the hang of sth. 学会做或使用let sb. in on sth. 让某人知道并严守out of this world 好的不得了pore over 仔细阅读，凝视，注视work a treat 运行极好word gets around 消息流传UNIT4anecdote 趣闻，轶事auditory 听觉的boon 恩物，有用之物circuitry 电路系统conduit 渠道，通道consortium 财团，联合企业curtail 缩减，消减，减少decoder 解码器disengaged 自由的，未约束的，空闲的duly 适当地，恰当地etch 凿刻fidgety 烦躁的，坐立不安的footnote 脚注godsend 天赐之物，及时雨hyperlink 超链接ideogram 表意文字，表意符号longish 略长的，相当长的neural 神经的，神经系统的pithy 精辟的remap 重新绘制，重新筹划staccato 断断续续的，不连贯的telltale 暴露真相的terse （回答）简短的thicket 灌木丛，小树丛thread 思路，头绪，贯穿的主线tinker 修理，修补，摆弄voracious 贪吃的，食量大的wayward 倔强的，任性的，反复无常的as likely as not 很可能be/get caught up in sth. 陷入bring on 引起，招来，惹来chip away at 削弱，破坏elaborate on 详细说明，阐述immerse oneself in 潜心于，专心于liken…to…把…比作not to mention 更不必说scuba diver 潜水员sea change 巨变take to 喜欢上…，对…好感zip through/past/along 飞速地做某事UNIT9affective 感情的，情感的anecdotal 轶事的，趣闻的arousal 唤起，激起beset 困扰，使烦恼disinterest 无兴趣fester 加剧，恶化irritant 使人烦躁的事情mentality 心态obituary 讣告，讣闻outpouring 强烈感情的不断流露peripheral 次要的，非主要的populist 平民主义的sermon 布道，讲道syndicate 通过报业联合组织安排出售给多家报刊发表gene pool 基因库seek to 寻求，追求sort out 分类整理，把…弄整齐UNIT10audible 声音听得见的auspicious 很可能成功的，吉利的，吉祥的bulky 庞大的，宽大的circumscribe 约束，限制comport 行动，表现comportment 举止，行为cosmopolitan 见识广的，兼并包容的delineate 描写描绘，刻画demographic 人口数据统计detergent 洗涤剂discretionary 自由决定的，不受严格规定控制的distaste 不喜欢，反感franchise 特许经营权garish 过于艳丽的generality 普遍性，共同性ingrained 根深蒂固的，难以改变的jolly 欢乐的，愉快的miniscule 很小的nuance 细微差别pretest 预先测试self-effacing 避免引人注目的，不爱抛头露面的subtlety 微妙的思想，细微之处supplant 取代，代替，将…排挤掉tadpole 蝌蚪unpalatable 难吃的，不可口的be flooded with充满，使泛滥be subjected to 使经受，使遭受beware of 谨防，当心，注意in advance of 预先，提前pin down 清楚地知道，确定地描述run into 遇到困难/难题/债务等trade in 做买卖，进行贸易，从事交易。
Unit 5:<Down and Out in Paris and London>xx、xx落魄记You discover the extreme precariousness of your six francs a day. Mean disastershappen and rob you of food. You have spent your last eighty centimes on half a litreof milk, and are boiling it over the spirit lamp. While it boils a bug runs down yourforearm; you give the bug a flick withyour nail, and it falls, plop! straight into themilk. There is nothing for it but to throw the milk away and go foodless.你发现每天的六法郎根本没有保障。
一些意想不到的灾难就会掠夺你的一日三餐。
你花最后的八十生丁买了半升牛奶，然后在酒精灯上把它煮沸。
煮牛奶时，一只臭虫跳到你的前臂上；你用指甲弹开臭虫，扑通一声，它掉进了牛奶。
你无可奈何，只好把牛奶倒了，这样又得继续饿着肚子。
You go to the baker’s to buy a pound of bread, and you wait while the girl cuts apoundforanothercustomer.She isclumsy,andcutsmorethanapound.“Pardon,monsieu r,”she says,“I suppose youdon’t mind paying two sous extra?”Bread is afranc a pound, and you have exactly a franc. When you think that you might be askedto pay two sous extra, and would have to confess that you could not, you bolt in panic.It is hours before you dare venture into a baker’s shop again.你去面包房买了一磅面包，面包房里的姑娘为另外一个顾客切面包时，你在一旁等着。
科技英语翻译联系200句1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.传送电磁波需要能量2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control.化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。
3.It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed.直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。
4.The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing.对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。
5.Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science.与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。
6.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。
7.Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors.凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。
8.Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes.海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。
9.Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved.并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。
Unit oneStumbling block in intercultural communication1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication.7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。
The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings.8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。
A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context.11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象第四个绊脚石是先入为主的观念和程式思维现象。
: Scientists have found that life can survive in boiling pools of toxic water at Yellowstone National Park, something they did not think was possible. The fact that life can thrive in a boiling pool brings up all sorts of ideas about the origins of life. It may be that the first life on earth was in a place more like the hot pools at Yellowstone than in the places humans might consider hospitable.Scientists used to think life needed just the right mix of warmth,sunlight and air. Now they are found that it grows not just in the hot pools, but also in the perpetual darkness of the ocean floor—even in the frozen arctic. “It now expands our possibilities of where we could look for life .”在黄石国家公园毒水沸腾的池塘中，科学家们发现了生命，这一“意外惊喜”使他们对于生命起源有了各式各样的新想法。
也许，地球上第一个生命的诞生地不是什么“宜人”的地方，而是像黄石公园里的池塘这样的“凶险”之地。
科学家们习惯认为温度、阳光和空气的适当搭配是生命的必需，但现在他们已经看到生命的踪迹不出不在，从酷热难当的池塘到永恒黑暗的洋底，直至冰封千里的北极地区。
UNIT 1英译汉（1、4段）1.When I was a boy，there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of theMississippi River. That was to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambition of other sorts, but they were only transient. When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained.当我还是个小男孩时就一直有一个梦想-成为一名水手.我和小伙伴们生长在密西西比河西岸的一个小村庄,当时所有的伙伴们都梦想有朝一日成为一名水手.当为我们渐渐长大,随着环境和机遇的不同,我们的理想变了又变.当马戏团来表演时,就想当小丑；当黑人的境况每见日下,即使环境糟糕到上帝都允许我们成为海盗,我们还依旧希望能过上幸福的生活.当这些雄心壮志,日见离我们远去,昔日中那个-成为水手的梦想依然永存心间.4.Two or three of the boys had long been person of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now.有两三个男孩长期以来一直是我们中的一员，因为他们曾去过圣路易斯，对它的奇迹有一个笼统的了解，但他们荣耀的日子已经过去了。
英译汉1．One answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings, solve problems or mutual concerns, cement business relationships, or just make the kind of impression we wish to make. (Para2)为什么会产生误解或反对呢？答案之一就是，大部分人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或者感受，解决共同关注的问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
2. Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree. (Para3) 力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而产生的系列肌肉收缩，我们人类各成员都是一样的。
2013级研究生公共英语第二学期期末考试——重点句（含释义）Unit 11On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面来看，这些用途是个人而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。
2This filtering of the subject, man, through the medium of mind has the effect of keeping always in the foreground the element of novelty, of uniqueness, of astonishing unpredictability.通过精神这一媒介，这种对于主题即人类的过滤过程产生这样的效果：让新鲜、独特、根本无法预料的成分总是处于最显著的位置。
3Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time wh en perhaps the converse should be true? 在一个需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，会不会因为过分强调技术的重要性而忽视了人文学科的重要性？4This reality points to indispensable function of the humanities.这一现实指明了学术人文学科（的真正作用和）不可或缺的功能，（它们是我们巨大的文明遗产的组织者）Unit 34.The reason this does not happen is not that we have become hardened to these fantastic appeals to our passion, but that we have become so groggy, so passive, so helpless amidst the endless barrage of appeals that “we go about our business,” as we say. 我们自己的广告版面设计是如此滑稽 , 假如我们用心留意它们 , 我们很快就忍俊不禁。
研究生期末统考英译汉真题举例1. The number of people vulnerable to floods around the world is expected to rise toat least two billion by 2050, particularly in Asia, due to climate change and population growth. The causes are extreme weather that develops as the climate changes, rising sea levels, continuing deforestation and a rise of the number of people working in flood-prone areas as the population increases. Most at risk is Asia, where more than 400 million people have been exposed to floods each year on average over the last two decades. Floods already kill as many as 25,000 people a year and –along with other weather-related disasters—cost the world economy up to &60 billion a year, much of it in developing nations ill-equipped to cope with such huge costs. Most urgently needed to adapt to the growing risk of flood disasters is greater global capacity to monitor and forecast extreme events.Armed with better information, superior early warning systems and infrastructure can be installed and new planning strategies devised. (168 words)2. The book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. Itis based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone.Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.(GET Jun 05, 122 words)3. Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than that of individual choice, forsmoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with. The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. (GET Jan 05, 122 words)4. As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry andelaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children tonative speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition won’t be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question. (GET Jun 04, 123 words)。
词组Unit 11. （因工作）累死work to death2. 休息on one’s day off3. 坐上头把交椅move to the top spot4. 业余爱好extracurricular interests5. 与…竞争compete with6. 打零工do odd jobs7. 抓住不放grab at8. 彻夜不眠stay up night9. 正视…look … in the eye10. 整顿；处理straighten out11. 优先认股权stock option12. 诸如此类and all that13. 辨别出pick out14. 四处打听ask aroundUnit 21. 设身处地put oneself in sb’s shoes2. 不合脚的鞋ill-fitting shoes3. 变质的牛奶sour milk4. 腐坏的食物spoiling food5. 慢性贫血chronic anemia6. 矫治手术corrective operation7. 开裂的手cracked hands8. 继续受苦suffer on9. 葬身火海die in flames10. 挂着鼻涕的孩子children with runny noses11. 倒苦水spilling the shame12. 辍学quit school13. 考勤官attendance officer14. 断断续续off and on15. 失业保险unemployment insurance16. 避孕措施birth control17. 针线needles and thread18. 黑暗的未来black future19. 沉迷于酒精和毒品turn to the freedom of alcohol or drugs20. 难以自拔find oneself enslaved21. 充其量at best22. 营养不良suffer from malnutrition23. 卫生所health clinic24. 毁掉最后一点尊严eat away the last bit of prideUnit 31. 顽固不化的罪人hardened sinners2. 激增increase by leaps and bounds3. 面容黝黑jet-black faces4. 双手粗糙work-gnarled hands5. 在祈祷声和歌唱声中摇晃rock with prayer and song6. 歌声萦绕着我songs swirl all around me7. 一阵有力的哀号 a mighty wail of moans and voices8. 耽搁hold up9. 咧着嘴冲我笑grin down at me10. 致他于死地strike him dead11. 对……不敬take one’s name in vain12. 避免更多的麻烦save further trouble13. 爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼声break into a sea of shouting14. 喜悦的狂潮waves of rejoicing15. 互相提醒不要出声in a hushed silence16. 得到了上帝的赐福be blessed in the name of GodUnit 41. 过一会儿才笑laugh a delayed laugh2. 兴奋异常be so wired3. 消耗掉过剩的精力shake out one’s nerves4. 批改作业grade papers5. 在沙发上小睡nap on the couch6. 短短两三个星期的恋爱a brief two- or three-week courtship7. 一排破旧的公寓 a row of broken apartment buildings8. 穷学生college poor9. 口袋里漂亮的成绩单good report cards in our pockets10. 拎着…像灯笼一样晃着swing … like a lantern11. 起落的节奏the rhythm of rising and falling12. 从二楼窗户往外看peek from our two-story window13. 盆栽的植物potted plants14. 冲到楼下race downstairs15. 躲在树篱后stay behind the hedge16. 一直走到make one’s way to17. 为自己犹豫不决而生气be troubled by one’s indecision18. 一罐混浊的水 a jar of cloudy water19. 偶尔朝窗外张望occasionally look out the window20. 向…吹嘘…brag about sth. to sb.21. 平淡像白云white as clouds22. 逛二手店browse at a thrift shop23. 漫无目的地转弯turn corners aimlessly24. 偶然的会面 a chance meetingUnit 51. 最早的记忆first memories2. 俯身bend down3. 举到空中sweep sb. into the air4. 仰着的脸upturned face5. 蓬乱的一堆头发 a shock of hair6. 并排side by side7. 躲在厨房门后lurk behind the kitchen door8. 屏住呼吸hold one’s breath9. 心照不宣的微笑the conspiratorial smile10. 忍住眼泪hold back tears11. 单臂扼颈 a half nelson12. （做某事）没有意义there is no point in (doing sth.)13. 直视某人的眼睛look sb. straight in the eyes14. 温和地看了一眼throw a mild glance15. 自讨苦吃ask for it16. 寻找时机seek an advantage17. 困惑的眼神 a look of bewilderment18. 压住某人使不能行动pin sb. down19. 不屈地咧嘴笑grin gamely20. 隐隐的痛楚baffled pain21. 刺痛眼睛burn one’s eyes翻译Unit 1他死了,是累死的.他在星期天凌晨3点整离开人世,在一个他本该休息的日子里.对此,他的朋友和熟人并不怎么吃惊.在他们看来,他是典型的A型行为者,一个工作狂,一个典型的工作狂.菲尔每周工作6天,其中5天工作到晚上八九点,而公司上下除了主管经理外已经实行每周4天工作制了.他一个月打一次高尔夫,但这是工作需要,除此之外,他没有什么＂业余爱好＂．他的＂遗属＂包括妻子海伦和３个孩子．４８岁的海伦多年前就决定不再和他的工作争宠．他＂深爱的＂子女中，长子不了解他，女儿跟他没什么共同语言．只有２０岁的小儿子想方设法把父亲抓住不放，想方设法让父亲看重自己，好让这个人待在家里．葬礼上，６０岁的公司总裁说，５１岁的死者对于公司来说举足轻重，将会难以取代．而当天下午５点，总裁已经开始询问接替他的人选．He died. He worked himself to death, precisely at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning, on his day off.His friends and acquaintances were not really surprised. To them, he was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic.Phil worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during atime when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives. He played a golf game every month but it was work. Other than this, he had no outside "extracurricular interests."His survivors included his wife Helen and three children. Helen, forty-eight years old, had given up trying to compete with his work years ago. Among his "beloved" children, the eldest son didn't know him well, and the daughter had no shared topics with him. Only the youngest son who was twenty, tried to grab at his father and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president said that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would be hard to replace. And by 5:00 p.m. The afternoon of the funeral, the company president had begun to make inquiries about the replacement.Unit 2贫穷是什么?看看一位有三个孩子的单亲妈妈的生活,你就会明白了.她结过婚,但后来丈夫失业了,生活越来越拮据.生下最后一个孩子后,她的婚姻走到了尽头.为了孩子们不再受苦,她鼓起勇气去申请救助.她得到每月78美元,一家四口就靠这笔钱生活.除了房租以外,剩下的钱几乎都要用来买食物.冰箱坏了没钱修,牛奶变酸了;没钱用热水,冬天也只能用冰冷的水洗东西.她因营养不良而患有慢性贫血,还有严重的肠虫病,需要做矫正手术,却没钱买补铁药、没钱改善饮食、没钱买肠虫药,更不用说动手术了.没钱请保姆,没钱买纸巾,只能看着自己的孩子总是挂着鼻涕.尽可能用最少量的电.寒冷的晚上整夜不合眼,因为她得看着火,生怕一个火星弹到墙上糊的报纸上,熟睡的孩子就要葬身火海.她看不到光明的未来.儿子们迟早会走进囚笼,或沉迷于酒精和毒品无法自拔.而等待女儿的,充其量也只是像母亲这样的生活.的确,贫穷是滴在自尊上的酸液,一滴一滴地滴穿自尊.贫穷是削在尊严上的凿子,一点一点地凿去尊严.What is poverty? Read the story of a single mother of three, and you'll understand what it means.She was married once, but later her husband lost his job and life became increasingly difficult. After giving birth to the last baby, her marriage came to an end.In order to save her children from suffering, she summoned up her courage and went to ask for help.She got seventy-eight dollars a month for the four of them. After the rent, most of the rest went for food.There was no money left to get the refrigerator fixed and the milk went sour; no money for hot water, and even in winter she had to do washing in icy cold water. She had chronic anemia caused from poor diet, a bad case of worms, and needed a corrective operation, but there was no money for iron pills, or better food, or worm medicine, to say nothing of having an operation. She had no money for grannies; no money for paper handkerchiefs and her children were seen with runny noses all the time, she tried her best to use only the minimum electricity. She stayed up all nighton cold night, because she had to watch the fire, for fear that one spark on the newspaper covering the walls would cause a fire and the sleeping children would die in flames.She saw no bright future. Sooner or later, the boys would end up behind the bars of their prison or turn to the freedom of alcohol or drugs and find themselves enslaved. And what awaited the daughter was, at best, a life like that of the mother.Indeed, poverty is an acid that drips on pride until all pride is worn away. Poverty is a chisel that chips on honor until honor is worn away.Unit 3休斯快满13岁时,姑妈带着他去教堂参加一场福音布道会,希望他的灵魂能够得到耶稣的拯救.姑妈告诉他,当他的灵魂被拯救时,他会看到一道光,内心会发生变化!还说他的灵魂会看到、听到、感受到耶稣.小休斯相信了这些话的字面意思,于是坐在燥热而拥挤的教堂里静静等待着耶稣的到来.听完牧师的布道,孩子们一个接着一个奔向圣台,这就意味他们被拯救了.休斯却一直坐在那里一动不动.他仍旧在等待耶稣的到来,还在渴望身上有什么事发生.所有的人都在为他一个人祈祷.休斯感到压力越来越大,开始为耽搁这么久而感到惭愧了.为了避免更多的麻烦,休斯决定撒谎,说耶稣来了.他站了起来,终于得到拯救.那天晚上,休斯躺在床上痛苦不止.他为当众撒谎而感到内疚,他不再相信耶稣了.When Hughes was going on thirteen, his aunt took him to the church for a revival meeting, hoping that his soul would be saved by Jesus Christ. His aunt told him that when he was saved, he would see a light, and something would happen to him inside. She also said he could see and hear and feel Jesus in his soul. Young Hughes believed in the literal meaning of these words. He sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to him.After the sermon by the preacher, all the children went to the altar one after another. This meant that they were saved. But Hughes kept sitting there. He was still waiting for Jesus to come, wanting something to happen to him. Now the whole congregation was praying for him alone. The pressure on him was increasing and he began to feel ashamed of himself, holding everything up so long. In order to save further trouble, Hughes decided to lie and say that Jesus had come. So he got up and was saved finally. That night, lying in bed, Hughes cried in agony. He felt guilty because he had lied in public and he didn't believe in Jesus any more.Unit 4人生际遇真的很奇妙.有时,一次偶遇就能成就一桩幸福的婚姻.20岁的他是个穷大学生,有天出去买啤酒,回来的路上看到邻家的日本女孩在门廊上用锤子敲胡桃.他走得很慢,她抬头向他微笑.他也微笑说声你好,然后拎着啤酒回到住处,却把自己的心留在了女孩身边.于是,他又冲下楼去,却在快到女孩房前时突然停住了,因为不知道该说什么.等了一会儿,他装作随意地经过正在清扫胡桃壳的女孩身边,只真诚的地说声你好就走开了,心里却懊恼自己的犹豫不决.然后,又走回来,再次经过她身边,彼此微笑,他又什么也没说就回到自己的住处.后来,他们开始聊天,一起坐在门廊上吃她亲手烤的甜面包.再后来,他们牵手了.最后,他和某天下午看见在敲胡桃的这个女人结婚了.如果那天他没有去买啤酒,如果那天下午碰见的不是她,而是另外一个人,他的人生就会完全不同.Life is full of miracles. Sometimes, a chance meeting can lead to a happy marriage. When he was twenty, he was college poor. One day, he went to buy some beer and on his way back he saw his neighbor, a Japanese woman, cracking walnuts on her front porch. He walked slowly and she looked up, smiling. He smiled back and said hello, and returned with the beer to his apartment, his heart still with the girl.So he raced his heart downstairs, but stopped short of her house, because he didn't know what to say. After a while, with studied casualness he walked past the girl who was cleaning up the shells, but he only came up with a hearty hello and walked away. He was troubled by his own decision. The he returned, walking past her again. They smiled to each other, but again nothing was said before he returned to his apartment. Later, they began to talk, sit together on the porch, and snack on the sweet bread she baked personally. Then they held hands. Eventually, he married the woman he found cracking walnuts on an afternoon.Had he not gone for the beer, or had he met someone else instead of her, his life would have been totally different.Unit 5他小的时候,父亲会服下伟岸的身体把他举到空中,但他从不会害怕,有父亲的手握着他就不会害怕.在他的心目中,父亲是世界上最强壮、最睿智的人.长大些,他会在父亲下班进屋前躲在厨房门后,在父亲问起他时突然跳出来.上学后,他们会一起在地板上摔跤,每次父亲都能轻松地把他制服,对此他心里半是忿恨半是开心.上高中时,他惊奇地发现自己的本事更大了,可以俯视母亲了,不过摔跤时仍然不是父亲的对手.有一天晚上,他突然发现,父亲看起来不像以前那么高大了.现在他甚至可以直视父亲的眼睛了.他再次向父亲发出挑战.这次,认输的是父亲.母亲把父亲扶起来,她眼里有隐隐的痛楚.父亲说下次,母亲没有反对,因为三个人都知道,不会再有下一次了.他冲过厨房的那道门,站在台阶上,任泪水刺痛双眼,滑过脸颊.When he was little, his father would bend down from his great height to sweep him into the air. But he was never afraid, not with his father's hands holding him. To him, no one in the world was as strong, or as wise, as his father.As he grew, he would lurk behind the kitchen door when it was time for his father to come home at night. He would leap out when his father asked about him.After he went to school, they would wrestle on the floor together. Every time, his father would master him with ease, leaving him half resentful and half mirthful.In high school he was surprised to find that there was so much more of him, and he could look down on his mother. But when it came to wrestling, he was still no equal of his father.One night, he suddenly found that his father didn't look nearly as tall as he used to. He could even look his father straight in the eyes now. He challenged his father once more and this time, it was his father who said,"I give." His mother helped his fatherto rise, and there was baffled pain in her eyes.His father spoke of a next time, and his mother did not contradict, because the three of them knew that there would never be a next time. He ran through the kitchen door, stood on the steps and let tears burn his eyes and run down his cheeks.。
2014年1月翻译试题（普通班）Part I Please translate the following sentences into Chinese with the designated translating methods. (10分，每题2分)1. Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.（减词法）2. Such behavior couldn’t long escape notice. (正反译)3. Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. (拆分法)4. If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you.( 引申法)5. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.（逆序法）Part II Please translate the following sentences into English with the designated translating methods. （10分，每题2分）1. 人们通常认为，幸福就是生活富足，衣食无忧。
（主被动转译法）2. 打得赢就打，打不赢就跑。
（增词法）3. 这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人惊讶不已。
（合并法）4. 我父亲根本不抽烟，而他抽起烟来一根接一根。
（词性转译法）5. 一份报告发现，五年前，在16至19岁的青年人中，长期不接受教育的有16.1万人，占这个群体的9%。
1、When Chou en-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than a average heightwith gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到一个身材修长的人，身高中等偏上，目光炯炯有神，面部轮廓分明，称得上清秀。
2、If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday eveningdoes not wish to get into trouble , he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street. He is well known.上周日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。
取伞者若不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞送回布劳德街十号为妙。
此君是谁，人尽皆知。
3、I have pinned a note on the notice board as reminder of our meeting next week. （词类转换）我在布告牌上别了个纸条用来提醒我们下周见面。
4、This essay is a proof of his capability of using the “right” word at the right place.（词类转换）这篇文章说明他把词用的很得体。
5、The complexity of the road map puzzled the truck driver. （词类转换）交通图非常复杂，使卡车司机如坠迷雾。
6、Admission by Invitation Only.（词类转换）非请莫入。
7、He loses no time in practicing English. （词类转换）他抓紧一切时间学习英语。
句子分析：1. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. (Para. 2, Line 2)Paraphrase: This pattern is causing disasters within marriages.译文：这一现象使婚姻受到严重威胁。
2. In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life. (Para. 4, Line 1-3)Paraphrase:In my own research, women complain about their husbands, not because they give up their chances for a career to go to the place where the husbands work, or they have to do most of the homework.译文：在我本人的研究中，女性对丈夫的抱怨大多不是集中在一些实际的不平等现象，例如为了跟随丈夫的事业而放弃了发展自己事业的机会，或者她们所承担的日常生活琐事远远超过她们份内的部分。
3. The impression of not listening results from misalignments in the mechanics of conversation. (Para. 12, Line 2-3)Paraphrase:Women have the impression that men are not listening when they talk because the method men adopt in conversation is different from women’s.译文:这种给人没有在听的印象是由于男女对话方式的不同而引起的。
第一篇1. The author’s attitude toward his father is one of ______.作者对他父亲的态度是A. suspicionB. gratitude感激，感谢C. contemptD. Regret2. The author’s father _______.作者的父亲A. gave him conscious supportB. was a blue-collar worker是个蓝领工人C. was well-educatedD. taught him to write as a child3. The author _______.A. had always been successful in his writing careerB. went to Harvard to learn to write playsC. worked as a newspaper man before becoming a writerD. began to think of becoming a writer at Harvard开始考虑成为哈佛大学的一名作家4. The author believes that he became a writer chiefly owing to _____.作者认为他成为作家的主要原因是A. his special talentB. his father’s support and encouragementC. a hidden urge within himD. his study at Harvard他内心隐藏的冲动5. The author really started on his way to become a writer _______.这位作家真正开始了成为一名作家的道路。
A. after he entered college 他进入大学后B. when he was in high schoolC. when he was studying at HarvardD. when he lived London第二篇1. According to the passage, home schoolers are _____.根据这篇文章，在家上学的人是A. those who engage private teachers to provide additional education for their children.B. those who educate their children at home instead of sending them to school那些在家教育孩子而不是送他们上学的人C. those who advocate combining public education with home schoolingD. those who don’t go to school but are educated at home by their parents2. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because ______公立学校正在软化他们在家庭教育方面的地位。
英语期末考试复习材料 汉译英 Unit2 1. We should boldly absorb and draw upon all the achievements of the human society, including those of the capitalist countries, and make innovations with new experience for our benefit. 我们要大胆吸收和借鉴人类社会包括资本主义社会创造的一切文明成果，结合新的实践，进行新的创造，为我所用。 2. In one's mind, he needs the power of fortitude to strengthen himself as he is confronted with something beyond his ability and suffering from sins and pains. 有些已经超出人能力的大事，在忍受罪恶和痛苦的侵袭时，人的心灵需要勇气和刚毅的力量来坚定自己。 3. The sports schools’ target and task is to select, bring up, and infuse some reserve sports players to excellent sports teams. 体育运动学校的目标和任务是向优秀的运动队选拔、培养、输送体育后备人才。 4. It is not difficult for us to find ourselves in Clyde, including aspiration of success, fame, money and even beauty. 我们每个人都不难再克莱德身上找到自己的影子，包括对成功名利、金钱甚至美女的渴望。 5. In the tumult of everyday life, it's very easy to focus on the negative and to lose sight of what really matters. 在日常生活的纷扰中，人很容易想到消极的事情，忽略掉真正重要的东西。
Unit 6 1. Now her teachers corps, called Teach for American is off and running. After a rigorous competition,500 recent college graduates won places out of a field of2,500 applicants, proving Ms.Kopp's theory that making the corps selective would enhance its appeal to college students. 现在他的教师工作团——名为教师报国团——已迅速展开工作。经过一番激烈竞争之后， 2500名申请人中有500名刚从大学毕业的学生被录取。这就证明了柯普女士的理论：工作团从严录取将可在大学生中增加号召力。 2. There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices. 人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。 3. Though the professor explained the point in detail, many students still couldn't understand it. 尽管这位教授详细的讲解了这一点，但许多学生任然不理解。 4. Various projects are in progress, but we do always need your help. If you have good designs, ideas or would kindly give a hand, please contact related project co-ordinators. 我们有好几个不同的计划正在进行中，所以十分需要你们的帮忙。如果你有好的建议、想法或可抽空帮忙，请与有关负责人联络。 5. He was taken on for a three-month trial period before being accepted as a permanent member of staff. 在她被接受为固定雇员之前经过了三个月的试用期。
Unit8 1. Washington Post has been in slow decline for the past 50 years, which was deteriorated by the Great Depression. 华盛顿邮报在过去的五十年间一直处于缓慢衰落的状态，随后的大萧条则加剧了这种恶化。 2. Men like to pursue an elusive woman, like a cake of wet soap in a bathtub. 男人们喜欢追逐那些像浴缸里的湿肥皂般难以捉摸的女人。 3. It didn't take the children long to figure out the correct answer，which surprised the teacher very much. 孩子们没有花很多时间就算出了正确答案，这让老师觉得非常奇怪。 4. We shouldn't complain about being poor— many families are much worse off. 我们不应该因为穷而叫苦连天，许多人的家境还要糟的多呢。 5. The bargain they reached with their employers was to reduce their wage claim in return for a shorter working week 他们与雇主达成的协议是他们在工资方面降低要求，但每周工时要缩短。 Unit9 1. It would be wrong to judge any country, let alone one as fractured and complicated as Afghanistan, on an anecdote. 仅仅凭一小条轶事就判断出一个国家的状况是不正确的，尤其是对阿富汗这个分裂而又纷乱的国家来说。 2. He hoped to animate a fairy story giving it a kind of magic which live act films could not have. 他希望把一个童话故事拍成动画片使它具有实真人电影所没有的魅力。 3. The best and the quickest method to conquer fear and establish confidence is to embark on the most dreadful quest till you obtain the experience for success. 征服畏惧、最快最确实的方法，就是去做你最害怕的事，直到你获得成功的经验。 4. Well-known sportsmen can earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment. 著名运动员在广告中替厂家宣传运动服装和器械，可获得巨额报酬。 5. The experiment conducted by the US astronauts in 1971 brought conviction to the world that Galileo’s theory of falling objects is true. 1971年美国宇航员做的一个实验使世人确信伽利略的自由落体理论是正确的。
英译汉 Unit1 1. 几个世纪以来，妇女们始终相信一条朴实的真理：腰越细，生活就越好—医学研究者们如今正开始了解这一简单真理背后的复杂的生理机能。 And medical researchers are beginning to understand the complex physiology behind a simple truth women have believed for centuries: the smaller the waist, the better the life.
2. 与腹部脂肪是位于腰部无所事事的惰性软组织这一观念相反，腹部脂肪实际上是一些小的内分泌工厂，会制造一些把信息传送给许多器官的激素。 Contrary to the notion that belly fat is a soft, inert tissue that nonchalantly sits on the waist, abdominal fat cells are actually little endocrine factories, producing hormones that send messages to many organs.
3. 医学解开代谢之谜是脂肪的难题尚需数十年。医生们说，在此期间采取的主要行动是制止腰部变粗。萨瓦德说：“我们每个人都需要放慢让自己体形变得更像苹果的过程。体形实在不容忽视。” It will be decades before medicine unravels the metabolic puzzle that is fat. In the meantime, doctors say the important action to take is to stop waist expansion. “We all need to slow down this process of becoming more applelike. ” says Savard.
Unit4 1.他回忆起自己孩提时，非常专注地看爷爷做柜子，柜子之精致与简洁，让他惊叹不已。二战之后，怀着完善自我的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑，但同时他仍传承了家族传统，学了一年木匠。 As a child, he recalls intently watching his grandfather making cabinets, transfixed by the intricacy, the simplicity. After the war, in the self-improving spirit of the new Germany, he went to art school to study architecture, but couldn’t resist a year’s apprenticeship in the family trade.
