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专四语法--虚拟语气

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专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)




（2）祈使语气 (imperative mood) 祈使语气用来表示请求、命令和劝告等。 eg. Don’t be late. Be quiet! Let’s have a break.



（3）虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气是一组特别的动词形式，用来表 示要求、建议、命令、意愿和假设等。 eg. If there were no air, all living things would die. It is vital that she be warned before it is too late.

2. 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是 由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含 蓄条件句。




eg. A more careful student wouldn’t have made such glaring mistakes. With his aid you would have succeeded in it. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. She must have been ill, otherwise she would have come to school.




(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间 条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)

英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气【卧龙雪痕】

英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气【卧龙雪痕】

英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院外国语学院】虚拟语气1.主从句谓语动词的时态(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配：主句从句与现在事实相反would/情态动词过去式+do were (不分人称)/did与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+have done had done与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+do should do / were to do如：If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。

如：Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)(3)识别事实和假设混合句：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)2.名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

专四虚拟语气

专四虚拟语气

虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。

条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。

(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。

3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。

但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。

如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。

If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。

(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

如：If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

2-英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--虚拟语气、非谓语动词

2-英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--虚拟语气、非谓语动词

虚拟语气的几个句型
• Note: • fear/be afraid/worried lest sb. do sth. • 表示害怕（担心）某种可能出现的情况， 从句中的动词应用现在虚拟式。例如： • She fears lest he arrive too late. • We were afraid lest it be broken.
虚拟语气常用句型
12. 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。 A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这 类动词有： • ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 • command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 • determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 • move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 • prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 • recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 • urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求 • 注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来 表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 • She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体） • She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语） • She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)
虚拟语气的几个句型

专四语法重点题详解,虚拟语气

专四语法重点题详解,虚拟语气

• If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.(2007) • A. had received • B. received • C. should receive • D. were receiving • A
• _____, he would not have recovered so quickly. （1995） ） • A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of • C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of • B
Examples
• The rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society. • I would rather that you did nothing for the time being. • I wish that I were a student again. • I wished that I had followed his suggestion.
•
If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to write letters in English. (1999) A. should be B. were C. must be D. are B，it’s about time that sb. did sth. ，

专四虚拟语气总结(打印)

专四虚拟语气总结(打印)

专四语法（虚拟语气）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。

非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

eg. If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B。

真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。

条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形⏹If I had time, I would do it again.⏹If I had known of your arrival, I should have met you at the station.⏹If she had further considered the problem, she might have come to the correctconclusion.真题举例：1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.（00, 49）[C]A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. w ouldn’t be2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer.（98, 43）[B]A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need3. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.(09, 52) [B]A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been4. _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(02, 60）[A]A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not5. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _____ able to advise you much better than I can. (05, 51) [A]A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were6. I was to have made a speech if _____. (97, 51) [C]A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)
虚拟语气
1.主从句谓语动词的时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主 句 与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 与过去事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+have done 与将来事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did
had done
真题举例：


1. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to quit and find a job to support his family. （07, 60） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have [C] 2. _____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (05, 63) A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had [C]
真题举例：



1. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues [C] 2. It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract [C]

专四——虚拟语气

专四——虚拟语气

在表示命令、建议或要求等动词后的宾语从句中要 求用虚拟语气，从句谓语形式 ：should+ 动词原 形。
It is +形容词/名词/过去分词/+that引导的主语从 句，从句谓语形式 ：should+ 动词原形。
Lest, in case, for fear that”以防，万一”引导目 的状语从句常用虚拟语气，从句谓语形式： should+ 动词原形。 Lest, for fear that从句中 should可省去， in case从句中should通常不省 去
4.在wh-ever, however ，no matter,等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气的结构为： may+ 动词原形 （指现在或将来）或 may+完成式（指过去)，主句结构不限。
Should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词
Should/would/could/might+ 动词原形
省略if虚拟条件句的用法 在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were,had,或should等词时，可将if省略，把were,had或should
等提到主语之前，引起倒装。
Eg: Had you not helped me, I should have failed.
虚拟语气
副标题
If非真实条件句中的基本用法
假设类型 与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
条件从句谓语动词形式 一般过去式（be用were）
Had+过去分词
动词过去式，（should+）动词 原形，were ld/could/might+ 动词原形
其他句型虚拟语气

专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气

专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气

专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气语法是语言学的一个分支，研究按确定用法来运用的"词类"、"词"的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系。

下面是店铺给大家带来专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气，希望能给大家带来帮助。

考点一：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。

1. It was recommended that passengers _not __ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994)A. notB. need notC. could notD. would not2. He left orders that nothing _should be_____touched until the police arrived here.1997A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be3. She asked that she __be____ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993A.would beB.could beC.beD.was4. The teacher demanded _that Tom hand in_____ his essay immediately.1991A. Tom to hand inB. that Tom hands inC. that Tom handed inD. that Tom hand in考点二：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。

专四语法复习之虚拟语气(1)PPT课件

专四语法复习之虚拟语气(1)PPT课件
If it should be necessary, I could come at six.
If she would be interested, I’ll phone her.
⑤ if 可能被省略，这时从句要用倒 装语序：
Were she in charge, she would do things differently. (= If she were in charge)
If he had apologized, you should have done so too.
② 省略if时，从句要改为倒装结构：
1. If I had known your address, I would have written to you before.
2. Had I known your address, I would have written to you before.
③ 从句中可用 If it had not been for 表示“要不是有”：
1. If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest.
2. Had it not been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t have recovered so soon.
在条件从句中，体中：
If she were trying harder, her parents wouldn’t be so anxious.
If I were you, I would take that job.
但口语中，在第一、三人称后，也可 使用was：
需要注意的特殊情况
① 主句中有时可用 could, might, should 或 ought to 构成谓语：

专四之虚拟语气

专四之虚拟语气

2021-01-22
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2: _______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party．
A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive
C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive
►答案：A。由于主句中使用了might have done 结构，说明此句表示的内容是对过去事实的 虚拟，所以从句中一般使用had done结构。 Had 提前，但not不应提前。
►译文：要不是摔断腿，她也许已经通过了考 试。
► ______you further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (2005.63)
专四之虚拟语气
九大常考语法T点EM： 4 系列辅导
1. 虚拟语气 2. 非谓语动词 3. 定语从句 4. 状语从句 5. 名词性从句（定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句） 6. 情态动词 7. 反义疑问句 8. 时态 9. 一些特定功能词汇的用法（much, more, such, anything
but, enough等）
A. am to have finished B. was to have finished
C. was to finish
D. ought to finish
2021-01-22
师大商学院外国语学院
12
1.2与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
结构：
在描述与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，需要 使用虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语动词通常用had ＋过去分词，结果主句的谓语动词用should（第 一人称）或would（第二、三人称）＋have＋ 过去分词;

专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)

2.名词性从句的虚拟形式 2.名词性从句的虚拟形式
从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表 从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表 示虚拟。 (1)下列表示建议、提议、命令、惊奇、 (1)下列表示建议、提议、命令、惊奇、 不满等动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的 不满等动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的 动词用虚拟形式：
真题举例：
1. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd people there.（00, there.（ 49） 49） A. weren’t weren’ B. hasn’t been hasn’ C. hadn’t been hadn’ D. wouldn’t be wouldn’ [C] 2. If your car _____ during the first 12 months,take it to an authorized dealer. （98, 43） 43） A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need [B]
(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动 (2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句中动 词用虚拟形式：
advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, essential, necessary, imperative, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, surprised。如： The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.

TEM-4历年语法考点(第四章虚拟语气精品PPT课件

TEM-4历年语法考点(第四章虚拟语气精品PPT课件
17
2）某些宾语从句常有形容词做宾语补足语，在 这种情况下，习惯上用it作形式宾语，将形容词 置于it 和that引导的宾语从句之间。此时，受毗 邻关系的影响，宾语从句中的谓语动词用动词 原形或should+v。
e.g.： We all consider it necessary that he (should) explain everything clearly in front of the committee.
13
6．If only 和 Would that 后的虚拟语气
If only 和 Would that 之后的句子需要用虚拟语气， 表示现在没有实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时； 表示过去没有实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成时。 Would that 是 I (we) would的简化，I would相当于I wish。
9
e.g.:
Had I taken my umbrella with me this morning, I would not be wet now. （条件从句指的是过去的 事情，而主句指的是现在的情况。）
If I were you, I would not have bought this car. （条件从句是指现在的情况，而主句是指过去发 生的事情。）
She is ill. Otherwise she would be here to see
you.
（otherwise后用了虚拟语气，表示和现在事实相
反的情况。）
12
3）supposing, suppose, provided, providing, given+名词性结构或that从句。
e.g.： Supposing that we were in Singapore, what would you do now? Given more money, we would have done the experiment better.

(完整word版)专四语法专项训练 虚拟语气

(完整word版)专四语法专项训练 虚拟语气
考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气
省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；
1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much betterresults now.2008
7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in thisfield.1998
a. Giving b. To give c. Given d. Being given
A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t een D. wouldn’t
6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002
A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not
A. provide B. have provided C. not provide D. not have provided
11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994

专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气（2）

专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气（2）

专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气（2）A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died(二)与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can正确答案是陈述语序3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied(三)与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。

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1 虚拟语气 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 真实条件句—主将从现 egs. If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意： 1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般 现在时的动词形式。

非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句 主句 had done, should(would) have + done If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

 表示对将来的假想 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 2

 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

典型考题 （08）51. Had July been more careful on the maths exam, she much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get （07）54. If only the patient a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving （07）55. Linda was the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute. A. to start B. to have started C. to be starting D. to have been starting

虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用 “were”，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。

典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

特殊的虚拟语气词：should 3

1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 句型： (1)suggested It is (2)important that…+ (should) do (3) a pity (1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange, a pity, a shame, no wonder (3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判断改错: （错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong.

练习 1：If the whole operation______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A )was not planned B)has not been planned C)had not been planned D)were not planned 2、Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often. A) has to get B) were to get C)had got D)could have got 3、If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you____ now. A) couldn’t have smiled B) wouldn’t be smiling C) didn’t smile D) won’t smile