新人教版八年级英语下册unit4全单元教案
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新人教版八年级英语下册Unit4(1)教案
教学目标
1. 通过本节课的研究,学生能够掌握以下单词和短语:[列出
单词和短语]
2. 学会使用本节课所学的单词和短语进行描述和对话。
3. 通过听力训练和口语练,提高学生的听说能力。
教学重点
1. 掌握本节课所学的单词和短语。
2. 能够运用所学的知识进行简单的对话和描述。
教学过程
1. 导入新知:用图片展示本节课的话题,并引导学生进行讨论。
激发学生的研究兴趣。
2. 单词和短语研究:通过多种方式教授本节课所学的单词和短语,如图片、动作、例句等。
并进行相关练。
3. 听力训练:播放相关录音并让学生进行听写和理解,培养学
生的听力能力。
4. 对话练:学生分组进行对话练,通过角色扮演的方式实践所
学内容。
5. 练巩固:进行相关练题,以检验学生对所学内容的掌握情况。
6. 课堂小结:总结本节课的重点内容和要点,并指导学生进行
自主研究。
教学评价
1. 通过观察学生的听说表现以及练题的完成情况,评估学生对
所学内容的掌握程度。
2. 及时反馈学生的研究进展,鼓励他们继续努力。
扩展延伸
1. 鼓励学生使用本节课所学的语言进行日常交流,并给予积极
的反馈和指导。
2. 提供更多相关的阅读材料和听力练,以拓展学生的语言技能。
教学资源
1. 课件和图片
2. 录音设备
3. 练题册。
Section A 单词allow v.允许;准许wrong adj.有毛病;错误的guess v.猜测;估计deal n.协议;交易relation n.关系;联系;交往communication n.交流;沟通argue v.争吵;争论cloud n.云;云朵elder n.年纪较长的instead adv.代替;反而;却whatever pron.任何;每一nervous adj.焦虑的;担忧的offer v.主动提出;自愿给予proper adj.正确的;恰当的secondly adv.第二;其次communicate v.交流;沟通explain v.解释;说明clear adj.清楚易懂的;晴朗的copy v.抄袭;模仿;复制;复印return v.归还;回来;返回anymore adv.(常用于否定句和疑问句句末)再也(不);(不)再短语look through快速查看;浏览big deal重要的事work out成功地发展;解决get on with和睦相处;关系良好句型1.Many of them are learning exam skills so that they can get into a good high school and later a good university.他们中很多人正在学习应试技巧以便能考入一所好高中,进而升入一所好大学。
2.The Taylors are a typical American family.泰勒家就是一个典型的美国家庭。
3.And they are always comparing them with other children.而且她们总是将自己的孩子和别的孩子相比较。
语法although, so that及until引导的状语从句知识目标掌握课文中的重点词汇及相关短语,并灵活运用。
能力目标学会谈论问题和给出建议情感目标遇到问题要主动地去和家人、朋友或亲近的人交流;如果身边的人遇到问题,能主动提供帮助;要学会放松、缓解压力。
人教版八年级下册英语教案unit4教材分析1. 教学内容本课是新目标英语八年级下册第4单元阅读部分,本单元的语言目标是“Report what someone said”(引述别人讲的话),学习直接引语和间接引语。
本课以“志愿者支教”为主要内容,通过志愿者杨蕾的支教事迹和想法而引出助人为乐,扶危济困这一中心话题,本文篇幅长,生词多,读前、读中、读后的任务多。
鉴于学生的实际情况及教材的特点,考虑到学生对长篇阅读的畏难情绪以及他们在课堂上可能出现的一些反应,我大胆构思了整个教学过程,构建“以生为本”的互动式阅读课堂,想办法尽可能降低文章难度,将难点分散,并根据需要整合了运用多种教学方法,让学生在互动中享受阅读。
2. 教学目标A. Knowledge objectives:To master the words and expressions.To get familiar with the topic and use the sentences about helping others.To use “Direct Speech and Reported Speech”.B. Ability objectives:To find out the information and get the general idea of th e text.To infer the meaning of the word they don’t knowfrom the context.C. Affective objectives:Students are to realize the importance of helping others and they are encouraged to help others.Students’ team spirit will be improved by completing a certain task together.By understanding the life in rural areas, students are to realize how happy they are.3. 教学策略:(1)兴趣激发策略。
Teaching proceduresTeaching proceduresTeaching proceduresStep 1 Warming- up and revision1. Have a dictation of the new words learned in the last class.1.make sth. clear (同义词) ___________2.talk (同义词) _______________3.not allow (同义词) ______________4.worried (同义词) ______________5.get along with (同义词) ____________municate (名词)_____________7.old (比较级) _______________2. Check the homework.Step 2 Grammar Focus.Step 3 Try to Find一、提出建议1.掌握提出问题的方法,What’s wrongWhat’s the matter with sb. What’s the problem/the trouble并能讨论所给出的建议。
情态动词should, should等should,shouldn’t “(不)应该”,常用来提出请求和建议could “可以”可也用来给出建议。
表建议的句型:You should/could +v.Why don’t you + v.Why not + v.Could you please + v.You’d better (not) + v..Would you mind doing……What about/How about + n./doing…… Exercise:用所给单词的适当形式填空1. We shouldn’t_______ (argue) with our parents.2. You shouldn’t____ (use) the phone in the classroom.3.—could I use your dictionary—well, you___.A. canB. couldC. shouldD. might’d better___(go) to school by bike.about_________(go) hiking this afternoonStep 4 PracticeWork on 4a:1. Fill in the blanks with although, so that or until.2. 方法指导:Step 5 Giving advice.Work on 4c.1. 让学生们阅读表格中的问题,明确每个问题的意思,为进行讨论做好准备。
人教版八年级下册英语unit4教案及教学反思全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Unit 4 of the People's Education Press Eighth Grade English textbook is focused on the theme of "Hobbies". This unit aims to help students talk about their own hobbies and interests, as well as learn how to express preferences and opinions.Teaching Objectives:1. Enable students to talk about their hobbies and interests in English.2. Introduce vocabulary related to different hobbies.3. Teach students how to express preferences and opinions.4. Improve students' listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.Teaching Procedures:1. Warm-up activity: Start the lesson by asking students to share their hobbies with the class. This will help to activate their prior knowledge and create a positive learning atmosphere.2. Vocabulary introduction: Introduce key vocabulary related to hobbies, such as "painting", "cooking", "playing sports", etc. Use pictures, gestures, and realia to help students understand and remember the new words.3. Listening comprehension: Play a listening passage where people talk about their hobbies. Students listen and then answer comprehension questions to check their understanding.4. Speaking practice: Divide the class into pairs or groups and ask them to discuss their own hobbies, using the vocabulary they have learned. Encourage students to ask questions and share their opinions with each other.5. Reading activity: Give students a reading passage about different hobbies and ask them to identify key information, such as the benefits of each hobby and how to get started.6. Writing task: Ask students to write a short paragraph about their favorite hobby, describing why they enjoy it and how it makes them feel. Provide feedback on their writing to help improve their language skills.7. Role-play activity: Divide students into pairs and give them a role-play scenario where they discuss their preferencesfor different hobbies. This will help them practice expressing opinions and using the target vocabulary.8. Review and assessment: End the lesson with a review of key vocabulary and concepts covered in the unit. Administer a quiz or speaking activity to assess students' understanding and progress.Teaching Reflection:Overall, teaching Unit 4 on Hobbies was engaging and effective. The activities helped students practice speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in a fun and interactive way. However, one area for improvement is to provide more opportunities for students to use the target language in real-life contexts. For example, incorporating project-based learning tasks where students create a hobby-themed presentation or video could further enhance their language proficiency.In conclusion, Unit 4 provided a valuable opportunity for students to explore their interests and hobbies in English. By incorporating a variety of activities and assessments, teachers can help students achieve the learning objectives and improve their English language skills.篇2Unit 4 of the People's Education Edition eighth grade English textbook covers the topic of "Wild Animals". In this unit, students will learn vocabulary related to wild animals, practice reading and listening skills through various texts, and improve their ability to describe animals and discuss their habitats.Lesson 1:- Warm-up: Start the lesson by asking students to name different wild animals they know.- Vocabulary: Introduce new vocabulary words related to wild animals such as lion, elephant, tiger, etc.- Reading: Read a short passage about different wild animals and ask students comprehension questions.- Listening: Play a recording of different animal sounds and ask students to match the sound with the correct animal.- Speaking: Have students describe their favorite wild animal and why they like it.Lesson 2:- Warm-up: Review the vocabulary words from the previous lesson by playing a matching game.- Reading: Read a longer passage about a safari trip and ask students to identify the animals mentioned in the text.- Grammar: Introduce comparatives and superlatives using examples related to wild animals (e.g. The elephant is bigger than the giraffe).- Speaking: Have students work in pairs to discuss which animal they think is the most interesting and why.Lesson 3:- Warm-up: Play a game of charades where students act out different wild animals for their classmates to guess.- Reading: Read a passage about endangered animals and discuss why it is important to protect them.- Writing: Have students write a short paragraph about what they can do to help protect endangered animals.- Speaking: Conduct a class debate on whether or not zoos are good for wild animals.Lesson 4:- Warm-up: Review the vocabulary and grammar concepts learned in the previous lessons through a quiz.- Project: Have students work in groups to create a poster about a specific wild animal, including information about its habitat, diet, and interesting facts.- Presentation: Have each group present their poster to the class and answer questions from their classmates.Teaching Reflection:Overall, the unit was engaging and interactive for students. The variety of activities helped to keep students interested and motivated throughout the lessons. The vocabulary and grammar concepts were presented in a clear and concise manner, allowing students to grasp the new material easily. The project at the end of the unit provided students with an opportunity to apply what they had learned and showcase their creativity. However, I would like to incorporate more opportunities for students to practice speaking and listening skills in future lessons to further develop their language proficiency.篇3Unit 4 of the eighth-grade textbook by People's Education Press focuses on the theme of "Wild animals". In this unit, students will learn about various wild animals and their habitats, as well as the importance of wildlife conservation.The unit is divided into several sections, including reading, listening, speaking, and writing tasks. The reading passages describe different wild animals such as lions, elephants, and pandas, providing students with essential information about these creatures. The listening activities help students improve their listening skills by practicing comprehension and understanding spoken English. Speaking tasks encourage students to express their opinions and share information about wild animals with their peers. Writing tasks require students to write short paragraphs or essays about their favorite kind of wild animal or the importance of wildlife conservation.To begin the unit, teachers can introduce the topic of wild animals by showing pictures or videos of different types of wildlife. This can generate interest and curiosity among students, prompting them to learn more about these fascinating creatures. Teachers can also engage students in group discussions or debates about wildlife conservation and the impact of human activities on the environment.During the reading and listening activities, teachers should provide support and guidance to students as they work through the text and audio materials. Encouraging students to ask questions, make predictions, and summarize key points can helpthem better comprehend the information presented. Teachers can also incorporate vocabulary-building exercises, such as word matching or crossword puzzles, to reinforce new words and concepts.For the speaking and writing tasks, teachers can encourage students to use creative expression and critical thinking skills. Providing opportunities for role-playing, storytelling, and collaborative writing can enhance students' language abilities and boost their confidence in using English. Teachers can also assign group projects or presentations that require students to research and present information about specific wild animals or conservation efforts.In conclusion, Unit 4 of the eighth-grade textbook by People's Education Press offers a comprehensive and engaging exploration of wild animals and wildlife conservation. By incorporating a variety of teaching strategies and activities, teachers can facilitate students' learning and language development in a meaningful and enjoyable way. Through active participation and interaction, students can deepen their understanding of the natural world and cultivate a sense of responsibility towards protecting our environment and its inhabitants.。
Unit4He said I was hard-working.1.Fill in the blanks with the words given.happen bring copy borrow pass on复制抄袭1.Can you some music CDs to the party?2.It’s not right for you to others’homework.3.He didn’t know what was outside.4.I’m so cold.Can I your jacket?5.I’m seeing Sue this afternoon.Do you want meto any messages?2.Read the story and then write it as a conversation.My best friend is Xiao Li,but last week in school we had a big fight,and she didn’t talk to me.It all started when she ask ed me if she could copy my homework.I ask ed her why she wanted to do that,and she said that she had forgotten to do hers.I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework.She wanted to know why I didn’t think it was a good idea.I said it would start a bad habit,and that she should do her own work.She got really mad at me,and said she didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.I said that was OK and that I was sure she would get over it.And she did.Y esterday she told me she was sorry.She said it was mu ch better if she did her own workhers她的(名词性物主代词)own自己的get over克服;忘掉;原谅Language Points1.I ask ed her why she wanted to do that,and she said that she had forgotten to do hers.我问她为什么要那么做,她说她忘记做作业了。
人教版八下英语Unit4全单元教案(经典建议收藏)课时1 教学目标1. 学生能够认读并理解本单元的新词汇和短语。
2. 学生能够听懂并理解有关周末活动的对话。
3. 学生能够用英语描述自己和他人的周末活动。
4. 学生能够根据对话内容完成相关练。
5. 学生能够根据提示写出与周末活动相关的句子。
课时2 教学目标1. 学生能够根据图片和提示对周末活动进行描述。
2. 学生能够听懂并理解有关借和还物品的对话。
3. 学生能够通过对话内容完成相关练。
4. 学生能够根据对话提示写出与物品借还相关的句子。
课时3 教学目标1. 学生能够听懂并理解有关约会的对话。
2. 学生能够运用所学句型和词汇进行对话练。
3. 学生能够根据对话内容完成相关练。
4. 学生能够用英语描述自己的约会经历。
5. 学生能够根据提示写出与约会相关的句子。
课时4 教学目标1. 学生能够听懂并理解有关邀请的对话。
2. 学生能够根据对话内容完成相关练。
3. 学生能够根据提示写出与邀请相关的句子。
课时5 教学目标1. 学生能够听懂并理解一篇有关暑假计划的短文。
2. 学生能够运用所学句型和词汇进行短文理解和书面表达练。
3. 学生能够根据短文内容完成相关练。
4. 学生能够用英语描述自己的暑假计划。
5. 学生能够根据提示写出与暑假计划相关的句子。
课时6 教学目标1. 学生能够运用词汇和句型描述日常生活中的活动。
2. 学生能够运用所学句型和词汇进行对话练。
3. 学生能够根据对话内容完成相关练。
4. 学生能够根据提示写出与日常活动相关的句子。
课时7 教学目标1. 学生能够听懂并理解有关节日庆祝的对话。
2. 学生能够用英语描述自己喜欢的节日。
3. 学生能够运用所学句型和词汇进行对话练。
4. 学生能够根据对话内容完成相关练。
5. 学生能够根据提示写出与节日庆祝相关的句子。
课时8 教学目标1. 学生能够听懂并理解有关健康惯的对话。
2. 学生能够根据对话内容完成相关练。
3. 学生能够用英语描述自己和他人的健康惯。
课题课时Period 1教学目标语言技能听:能听懂他人他人陈述困难和麻烦的简单对话的内容,并获取主要信息。
说:1.能询问、陈述自己或他人的困难和麻烦,如What’s wrong?I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.2.能针对别人的困境提出解决的办法和建议,如What should Ido?Well,you should call him so that you can say you’re sorry.语言知识语音:熟练把握邀请句的升调语调,同时,在口语交流时能做到语音、语调准确、自然、流畅。
词汇:1.熟练运用:allow,wrong,midnight,guess,de al.2.掌握:What’s wrong, look through,work out.语法:1.能正确使用情态动词could,should表达或劝告,如:Youcould go to his house.2.能正确使用Why don’t you...?句型表达建议。
功能:学会询问、陈述自己或他人的困难和麻烦。
话题:了解人际交往的相关知识。
情感态度1.培养学生用英语交际能力,学会与人进行流畅的沟通和交流;2.使学生在活动中学会真诚、坦然地与人交谈。
学习策略认知策略:能在具体的情境中询问、陈述自己或他人的困难和麻烦,从而进一步主动练习和实践。
调控策略:.能针对别人的困境提出解决的办法和建议,并与人进行交流。
交际策略:培养学生合作能力,不断完善知识点,加强对话练习,学会与人闲聊,进行交流。
资源策略:通过多媒体、录音机等教学辅助工具。
文化意识了解中西方家长对待孩子参加课外活动和课外学习班的态度与做法。
教学重难点教学重点1.能正确使用情态动词could,should表达或劝告。
2.能正确使用Why don’t you...?句型表达建议。
教学难点1.Talk about problems.2.Give advice.教学方法听说法,交际法,教学辅助手段PPT, recorder.板书设计Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?Sectio n A 1a-2dallow What’s wrong?wrong Why don’t you...?midnightguessdeal教后反思本节课学会了提建议的方式有:Why don’t you...? /Why not…?等Teaching ProcedureStages/TimingStep 1. warming-upStep 2 PresentationStep3 DiscussionStep 4Pre sentationStep 5 ListeningTeach ers’ a ctivitiesAfter greeting, ask students :What day is it today?What’s the date today?What’s the weather like today?1. Show the picture of a girl:T: Please look at this girl,what isshe doing?T: Look at her face,she isworried.because she has a lotof homework to do.Do yo uhave too much homework todo?Do you think it is serious?1a.Get them to read the followingsentences and discuss wheatherthey are serious or not. And thenwrite them in the approprite boxT:Do you have theseproblems?What kind of problemsdo you have?Students’ activitiesStudents answer the questions。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents? 说课稿一、教材分析(一)教材的地位和作用本课的中心话题是谈论同学们生活及学习中的问题和困难并提出合适的建议,从而展开教学活动。
学习本课的内容为整个单元打下基础,同时也是英语教学中拓展学生思维的重要环节。
(二)教学目标的确立和依据根据《新课程标准》的要求,为了完成正常的教学任务,有效地培养学生的自信,创新精神和合作互助的能力,我确立如下的教学目标:1、语言知识:学生能够使用以下词汇:too much, enough, allow, hang out, fight,wrong, midnight.句型:----What’s wrong?----I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep. ----Why don’t you talk to your parents?2、语言技能:(1)学完本课,让学生学会用英语说出学习和生活中的问题和困难,并能根据别人的问题给出合适的建议。
(2)能运用所学单词、短语及句型,结合实际生活进行灵活运用。
3、学习策略:(1)自主学习:要求学生采用自主学习的方式,能根据需要进行有目的的预习。
(2)合作学习:在活动中相互探讨,相互交流与合作,从而获得知识、技能和情感体验。
4、情感态度:(1)通过说出自己学习和生活中的问题和困难,让同学们学会释放压力,增加自信,热爱生活。
(2)通过给别人提建议,培养学生团结互助的精神,增进同学之间的感情。
5、文化意识:(1)了解中西方文化差异:我们比较委婉,而西方人则更直接一些,对学生进行不同文化意识的渗透。
(三)教学重点和难点:1.重点:让学生用英语说出学习和生活中的问题和困难,并且给出别人一些合适的建议,注意提建议的句型及用法和建议形式的多样化。
2.难点:用英语给出合适的建议是一大难点,词汇和短语搭配等基本功要扎实。
新人教版八年级下册初中英语全册教案(教学设计)一. 教学目标本教案旨在帮助八年级学生掌握下册初中英语的相关知识和技能,包括听、说、读、写四个方面的能力提高。
二. 教学内容本教案涵盖了全册的教学内容,包括以下单元和主要教学点:1. Unit 1: Meeting New Friends- 语言点:be动词的一般现在时- 活动:介绍新朋友- 阅读:了解文化差异2. Unit 2: The First Day at School- 语言点:一般过去时- 活动:描述第一天上学的经历- 阅读:理解校园规则3. Unit 3: I Love Reading- 语言点:情态动词can和must - 活动:介绍喜欢的书籍- 阅读:阅读理解4. Unit 4: My School Life- 语言点:形容词比较级和最高级- 活动:描述学校生活的不同方面- 阅读:了解不同的学校生活5. Unit 5: Our Future Jobs- 语言点:职业相关词汇- 活动:谈论未来的职业- 阅读:了解不同的职业6. Unit 6: Weather and Climate- 语言点:天气相关词汇和短语- 活动:讨论天气和气候- 阅读:了解不同地区的气候7. Unit 7: Enjoy Your Trip- 语言点:旅行相关词汇和短语- 活动:计划和描述旅行- 阅读:阅读旅行指南8. Unit 8: At the Farm- 语言点:动词的现在进行时- 活动:描述在农场的经历- 阅读:了解农场生活三. 教学方法本教案使用多种教学方法,包括但不限于:听力练、口语对话、阅读理解、小组讨论、写作练等。
教师将根据具体情况选择合适的教学方法进行教学。
四. 教学步骤1. 引入新课,激发学生兴趣。
2. 执行听力练以提高学生听力能力。
3. 进行口语对话练,帮助学生提高口语表达能力。
4. 进行阅读理解练,加深学生对课文的理解。
5. 进行小组讨论,让学生互相交流观点。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?Period 1 Section A 1a-2d【导学目标】1.Master the key words and sentences:(1) Key words:allow, wrong, guess, deal, write him a letter,talk about, look through, work out (2)Sentences:Why don’t you talk to your parents?My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.Hope things work out..2.Learn to talk about abilities.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points and Difficult Points1.Talk about problems..2.Give advice.【导学过程】Step1.Lead-in (3 minutes)Brain stormingT:Do you have any problem in your daily life?S:...T:How do you solve them? Give some advice.S:...Step 2.Presentation: look and say (5 minutes)1. Show some pictures and teach the new words and sentences.2.Let the students read the new words and remember them.3.Have a chant to consolidate the new words.Step 3.Activity 1a(5 minutes)1.Have students look at the pictures in Part 1a on the screen.Start by asking students to look at the problems.2. Pair work.Have you ever met any problems above?How do you solve them?Step 4. Activity 1c (4 minutes)Look at the problems in 1a and make conversations.Step 5.Activity 1b (3 minutes)Listen and circle the problems you hear in 1a.Step 6.Pair work (5 minutes)Choose one picture and make a conversation.A: What’s wrong?B: I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.A: Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening?Step 7.Activity 2a&2b (10 minutes)1.Get the students have a quick look at the instructions of these two activities,so they can know how to do them.2.Then play the recording the first time for the first time to fill in the blanks in 2a.3.Listen again. Why doesn’t Peter like his friend’s advice? Write the letters (a-e) next to the advice in 2a.4.Check the answers.Step 8. Activity 2c (3 minutes)Role-play a conversation between Peter and his friend.A: What’s the matter, Peter?B: I had a fight with my best friend. What should I do?A: Well, you should call him so that you can say you’re sorry.Step 9. Activity 2d (5 minutes)1. Listen to the tape and answer the questions:(1)What's wrong with Kim?(2)Does Dave give advice to Kim?What should Kim do?2.Read after the tape,pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.3.Role play the conversation.4.Explain some language points.Step 10. Summary (2 minutes)Let the students think about what we have learned in the period.Step 11. Exercises (7 minutes)Let the students finish the exercises to consolidate what we have learned today. 【探究归纳】1.too much和much too的区别:在too much中too修饰much, 表示程度, 它们修饰不可数名词;而在much too中, 是much修饰too, 在句中修饰形容词或副词, 意为“太,非常”。
Unit4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?第1课时Section A 1a--1c一、知识目标1.引导学生掌握重点词汇用法及短语动词用法。
如:allow , wrong, midnight2.引导学生掌握连词until, so that 及although引导的状语从句。
二、能力目标引导学生掌握学会谈论问题和给出建议三、情感目标引导学生掌握学会照顾自己,培养自己的独立意识四、教学过程(一)给学生5分钟,让学生自己预习25页,完成下列句子。
1.________________(为什么不)talk to your parents.2.I have too study too much_______(所以)I don’t get _________(足够)sleep.3.My parents don’t _____(允许) me ____ hang out with my friends.4.I got into a ______(打架) with my best friend.5.I’m really tired because I studied ______(直到)midnight last night.(二)1a部分的教学过程1,引导学生独立完成1a,将具体情况列在黑板上。
2,引导学生听录音,完成圈出听到的问题。
3,引导学生与同桌谈论自己的问题。
4,句子讲解My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.父母不允许我和朋友出去闲逛。
allow 及物动词“允许”allow ab to do sth”允许某人做某事”allow sth”允许某事”allow doing sth”允许做某事”eg.We don’t allow smoking in out house.在我们家不允许吸烟。
5,学生训练用too much, much too, too many 填空。