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2020高考阅读理解专题 第5讲 明辨词义猜测题

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第5讲明辨词义猜测题步骤一高考这样考，差距须明了(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”，For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries of sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft－serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.语篇解读：人们爱七月，因为七月是收获的季节，各种浆果和核果喜获丰收。

那么如何加工食用这些果实呢？这些果实各自又含有哪些营养成分呢？1．What does the author seem to like about cherries?A．They contain protein.B．They are high in vitamin A.C．They have a pleasant taste.D．They are rich in antioxidants.[解析]细节理解题。

根据第二段的倒数第二句可知应该选C项，樱桃很美味。

have a pleasant taste与be so delicious表义相同。

[答案]C2．Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A．To make them smell better.B．To keep their colour.C．To speed up their ripening.D．To improve their nutrition.[解析]细节理解题。

根据第三段倒数第二句“If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown”可知，把新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变色。

[答案]B3．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A．A dessert.B．A drink.C．A container. D．A machine.[解析]词义猜测题。

根据画线部分下文中的“they love feeding... into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below”可推断出，juicer应该是“榨汁机”的意思。

[答案]D4．From which is the text probably taken?A．A biology textbook. B．A health magazine.C．A research paper. D．A travel brochure.[解析]文章出处题。

全文主要介绍了一些七月成熟的果实以及这些果实的营养成分等，而这自然与健康饮食有关，介绍这类内容的文章应该是刊载在健康杂志上的。

[答案]B步骤二储备知识点，讲练补短板一、近三年新课标全国卷词义猜测题实况二、常见设问方式1．词意类①The underlined word/phrase... probably means/can be replaced by ________.②Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word/phrase...?2．指代类①What does the underlined word “this/that/it/they...” refers to ?②The underlined part “this/that/it/they...” refers to ________.3．句意类①The underlined sentence in the... paragraph probably means ________.②What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph...?三、选项特征1．正确选项特征(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系。

(2)上下文逻辑通顺。

(3)与原句意思最接近。

[典例1](2018·山西重点中学协作体考试)In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping_points , such as the melting (融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or west Antarctica...The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “________”.A．freezing points B．burning pointsC．melting points D．boiling points[解析]本题要求猜测tipping points的意思，根据“such as the melting (融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or west Antarctica”可知，tipping points 在文中的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义，故C项为正确答案。

[答案]C2．干扰选项特征(1)与所考词汇形似。

(2)如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。

(3)句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。

[典例2](2018·山东菏泽联考)There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his flowers，he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket.The other was a very old and dilapidated one，which had seen many years of service，but was now past its best.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?A．Dirty. B．Dark.C．Worn－out. D．Plain－looking.[解析]由“one... the other...”结构可知，“old and dilapidated”对应前面的“shiny and new”。

由此可判断dilapidated的意思应与shiny and new相反，即worn－out，故C项为正确答案。

[答案]C步骤三锦囊藏妙计，练考两不惧词义猜测设迷局，破此迷局很容易。

上文下文来求索，起承转合透信息。

标点符号有暗示，例证、解释是依据。

正确答案取而代，通情达理合逻辑。

一、单词或短语意义猜测题的审题、解题流程[第一步]依据题干信息，定位关键词语单词或短语意义猜测题一般是对文章某一单词或短语内容的考查，且题目相对直接，所以不必通读细读全文，可通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。

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阅读理解词义猜测题.doc

阅读理解词义猜测题.doc

阅读理解词义猜测题词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。

突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。

考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。

设问方式：对单词意思的猜测：1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean?3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________.对短语意思的猜测1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\对句子意思的猜测：1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________3.what does the underlined sentence mean?4.By “….”, the author means that _____________.对代词的意思猜测What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?What does the underlined word refer to?解题技巧：1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。

2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练(附答案)

2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练(附答案)

2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练（附答案）1.阅读理解A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him around. Thinking nothing of it,he ignored her and continued on. Finally, he went to the checkout line, but she got in front of him. “Pardon me,” she said, “I'm sorry if my staring at you has made you feel uncomfortable. It's just that you look just like my son who just died recently.”“I'm very sorry,” replied the young man, “Is there anything I can do for you?”“Yes,” she said, “As I'm leaving, can you say ‘Goodbye mother'? It would make me feel much better”. “Sure,” answered the young man.As the old lady was leaving the count er, he called out from behind her, “Goodbye mother!” As he stepped up to the checkout counter and put what he bought on the counter, he saw that his total was $127.5. “How can that be?” he asked, “I only bought a few things!”“Your mother said that you would pay for her.” said the clerk.（1）The underlined word ‘ignore' most probably means _______.A. not to pay attention toB. to put on a smile atC. to watch out for （小心，当心）D. to look down upon（看不起）（2）Which of the following is the right order of the events in the story?a. the man said “Goodbye mother!”b. The woman left the supermarket.c. The woman spoke to the man.d. The man came to the counter.e. The woman got in front of the man.f. The woman followed the man.A. e,f,c,b,a,dB. c,e,f,a,b,dC. f,e,c,a,b,dD. d,e,c,f,b,a（3）What can be concluded（结论）from the passage?A. The man was fooled by the woman.B. The woman was too poor to pay for herself.C. The man didn't pay for the woman.D. The man didn't buy anything in the end.2.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

(新高考)高考英语小题必练15阅读理解之词义猜测题

(新高考)高考英语小题必练15阅读理解之词义猜测题

1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。

1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·山东卷C 篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia , which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。