第四册 Vocabulary Ⅲ

UNIT 3 Money MattersUnit GoalsTalk about your financial goalsExpress buyer’s remorseDescribe your spending habitsDiscuss reasons for charitable givingWrite a composition about the themeLesson 1Lead-inOn-the-Street Interview: I’m a little better about saving…A. Match each statement with the person who said it. You will use one name twice.1. b2. c3. b4. aB．Complete each sentence with the correct name1. Joe2. Deepti3. Deepti4. Joe5. Deepti6. LisaVIDEO SCRIPTInterviewer: So tell me a little bit about you and money—whether you are good at saving, or can you save for something special. Do you just blow all your money as soon as youhave it?Deepti: Well, when I was growing up in India, my parents were, you know, very open and free with money. So if I wanted something, they would say, “OK, you can go ahead and take this.” And I think that spoiled me a little bit, because I would just, whatever I wanted,the importance of saving I’d take the money and go buy it, and I didn’t really realizemoney. So when I grew up, I was twenty-two, and I left India to go to Singapore, and Iwas on my own, and I had a scholarship, and my father would, on the phone, he wouldtalking ask me, “So, how much money have you saved?” And I was like, “What are youabout? I’m not saving any money.”　A nd he got married, and he wanted me to startsaving money. It was very hard for me to save money because I would go out and walknd be past a shop that had clothes and go, “Oh, I want that,” and I would go in, get it, areally happy. It made me happy, you know. But, I think after a year or so when I realizedthat I had to take care of myself, not only now, but let’s say a year from now, and a yearo start saving so from now I might not have the money that I’m getting now, so I have tthat I’m not, you know, no the streets without any money. So I started saving, but I stillhad a hard time with it. My sister is very good. She is very stingy with money, you know.o on, spend the money. You And when I was in India, I would tell her, “Oh come on, gknow, if you want something, go get it.” And she would always tell me,” You should think about our parents. They’re making all this money for us, but we shouldn’t spend it just like that.” I think now I am a little better about s a ving, but not very good. Not as good as Icould be.Joe:I think I’m very good at handling money. I save when I need to; I spend when I wouldlike to. I try to keep control of my funds so that I don’t end up in situations where I don’have money to pay for basic necessities. But I do feel that you should spend money thatyou have while you have it and while you’re here, as opposed to saving it for a rainy daythat never comes.Interviewer: And saving, what are you trying to do to save? Have you made a plan?Lisa: I have made a plan. I, what I do now is just take out a certain amount of money atthe beginning and save it. I just put it away before I even really see it. So that way I canlike build up and spend whatever else I have.Interviewer: And is that working?Lisa:It’s going pretty well. It’s going pretty well. I have a little bit of something saved up.ListeningPart 1Talk About Saving MoneyA. Read and listen to a conversation between two friends about saving money.Teaching SuggestionsStep 1Have students look at the pictures. Ask What is it?What do you think it’s used for?Step 2Then ask How do children save money in this country?Step 3After students read and listen, ask What did Judy buy?(an entertainment system) Did she pay in cash or by credit card? (in cash) Is she rich? (No.she had to save up for it.) How did she save enough money? (She cut back on spending;She started living within her means.)Step 4own experiences, ask Have you ever put money aside to buyTo draw on students’　something you wanted, such as an entertainment system, a computer, a bicycle, or a car?Encourage students to share their experiences. Ask Was it hard to save the money youneeded?Language note: Students may need help with the following words or expressions: strike itrich (suddenly make a lot of money); cut back on (reduce the amount, size, cost, etc., ofsomething); out of hand (impossible to control).Save, save up, put money away, and put money aside have the same meaning. (Thelatter is introduced in lesson 2.) They can be followed by an infinitive or for and a noun.For example, I want to put money aside to buy a car; I’m saving up for a new car; I’mputting money away for a down payment.Kind of is an expression used in spoken English meaning slightly or in some ways.Culture note: A piggy bank is a container used mainly by children to store coins. Piggybanks are to encourage good saving and spending habits: the pig must be broken openfor the money to be retrieved, forcing the child to justify his or her decision. The namepiggy bank originated in the twelfth century; pygg referred to a type of clay used formaking jars people stored their money in. By the eighteenth century, the term pygg jar had evolved to pig bank.Option: On the board, write the following expressions:Did you strike it rich?My bills are totally out of hand.I need to live within my means.I cut way back on spending.In pairs, have students think of different ways to say each expression. 〔+5-10 minutes〕B. Pair Work Listen to the conversation again. Then discuss the questions and explainyour answers.1. No, she does not.2. No, he is not.3. She had a lot of credit card debt.4. She cut back on her spending.5. She has a high financial IQ.6. The answer will vary.Teaching SuggestionsStep 1Have pairs discuss the questions. Review the answers to questions 1-5 as a class. Call onstudents to share their explanations.Step 2Have volunteers share whether they are more like Judy or David and give a supportingreason. (Possible responses: I’m more like Judy because I try to live within my means; I identify with David because I spend a lot of money on bills.)Step 3Have a volunteer read the statements out loud. If necessary, clarify the meaning of I can’ｔmake ends meet. (The money I earn every month is not enough to cover my expenses.)Step 4Point out the useful language to talk about managing money: live within / beyond your means; keep track of your expenses; put money away into saving; pay your bills off / in full;make ends meet. Have students underline these expressions.Step 5Have students choose the statements individually.Step 6As pairs compare their answers, encourage them to give specific examples for each item.For example, I live beyond my means. When I go shopping, I just can’t help buying the things I like.Step 7Ask What habits would you like to change, if any? What can you do to raise your financialIQ? (Possible response: I only keep track of my most important expenses. I think I shouldbuy some financial planning software to get better organized and keep track of all my expenses.)Step 8To review, have volunteers talk about their money spending / saving habits with the class.Part 2Describe Your Spending HabitsA. Listening Comprehension.Read the statements. Then listen to a radio call-in show and check True or False.1. T2. T3. F4. FScript( L = Lara Savino, U.S, New York; S = Steve )L: Welcome back to Money Talks. I’m still your host, Lara Savino. We’ve got some listeners on the line with financial questions. Let’s go to our first caller … Steve, you’on the air. Talk to me.S:Hi, Lara. I’m afraid I’m really having problems making ends meet.L: Tell me about it.S: I earn a good living, but it seems like no matter how much money I make, I can’t seem to catch up.L:Believe me, you’re not alone, Steve.S: Sometimes it feels that way.L: Let me ask you something. Do you put anything away for a rainy day?S:You mean savings? No way. There’s ne ver enough for that.L:Well, here’s a tip for you, Steve. From now on when you spend money throughout theday …？S: Uh-hmm.L:Don’t spend any of your change. When you get home every evening, put your loosechange in a jar. You’ll be surprised how much you’ll have saved up in even a fewweeks.S: Wow! I never thought of doing that.say, once a month, OK?L:And put that change you’ve saved up in the bank—S:OK. I’ll try that.L: Steve, what about debt? Are you maxing out on your credit cards?S: Well, yes, I do use credit cards, if that’s what you mean.L: Do you pay you bills on time?S: I try to.L: Do you pay the minimum, or do you pay off the whole thing each time.S: Well, it kind of depends on how much it is.L: Well, are you drowning in credit card bills, or have they been fairly reasonable so far?S:Well … I guess I’d have to say I’ve been drowning in debt.L:OK, Steve. Here’s what I want you to do. How many credit cards do you have?S: Maybe ten or twelve.L:Steve, that’s a lot of cards. Decide which two you want to use regularly, OK?S: OK.L: Take all the other cards and cut them up.S: Cut them up?L:You heard me. Cut them up. You can get along just fine with two credit cards. If you’re using ten or twelve credit card, Steve, that tells me t here’s something wrong with thispicture. You see what I mean?S:Well, I’m not sure.L:Steve, if you want to keep your head above water, you’ve got to live within your means.That means spending less than you’re making, not more.S: Oh.L: OK, Steve. Her e’s one other thing I’d like you to do.S: Yeah?L: Sit down and plan a budget for yourself.S: A budget?L:That’s right. If you feel like your finances are out of control, then you need to take thebull by the horns and take control of your finances. You follow me?S: I think so.L:Sit down and make a list of all your regular expenses. Keep track of how much you’re spending on everything and I mean everything, OK? Try that for three months and seeif it doesn’t help you out.S:OK, I’ll give it a try.L: And Steve.S: Yeah?L: When you plan that budget, make sure you treat yourself to something nice once in awhile, OK?S: Really?L:You bet. If your budget is nothing but don’t spend, don’t spend, it isn’t going to work.Know what I mean?S: I hear you.alk to me!L:Good luck, Steve. Next caller. You’re on the air! TTeaching SuggestionsStep 1Have students look at the photo and read the caption. Ask What do you think the woman’s occupation is? (a radio host) Do you ever listen to the radio? What kind of programs doyou listen to? What kind of show do you think Lara Savino hosts?Step 2Pre-listening: Ask What’s a radio call-in show? (a radio program in which people call togive their opinions or ask questions)Step 3Have students read statements 1-4.Step 4First listening: Have students listen and decide if the statements are true or false.Step 5Second listening: Have students listen for information to support their answers.Encourage them to take notes.Step 6Review as a class. Have volunteers share their answers. (Possible answers: 1. True.Steve says he can’t make ends meet and never has enough money to save. 2. True.Steve says he’s drowning in debt. 3. False. Steve says there’s never enough money to put any away in savings. 4. False. Lara suggests that he try to keep a budget for three months.He hasn’t started yet.)Language note:maxing out on his credit cards, she’s asking if he When Lara Savino asks Steve if he’ｓreaches the maximum credit limit on his credit cards each month. Buying on credit is an arrangement with a store, bank, credit card company, etc., that allows you to buy something now and pay for it later. A budget is a careful plan of how you will spend money.B. Now listen again. What are the three tips Lara Savino gives the caller?1. Save his change and put it in the bank2. Only have two credit cards3. Sit down and plan a budget .Teaching SuggestionsStep 1Have students listen for the three tips Lara gives.Step 2Have students compare answers with a partner. If necessary, have them listen again forconfirmation.Step 3Review tips as a class. Have volunteers share the tips with the class.c. Vocabulary. Describing spending habits. Listen and practice.Teaching SuggestionsStep 1Have students listen to the words and study the definitions. Then have students listen andrepeat the words chorally.Step 2Point out that some of these words have a positive connotation, some have a negativeconnotation, and one is neutral.Step 3Have pairs read the definitions carefully and decide the connotation of each word.Step 4To review, write the column headings Positive, Negative, and Neutral on the board andhave students say the vocabulary words for each column. (Positive:generous, thrifty,frugal; Negative: a spendthrift, a cheapskate, a tightwad, cheap, stingy; Neutral: a big spender)Vocabulary-Building StrategiesOption: Have students think of someone they know whose spending habits they woulddescribe using one or more of the vocabulary words. In pairs, have students describe thatperson’s habits. To review, have volunteers tell the class about the person their partners described. 〔+5 minutes〕D. Complete the sentences about people’s spending habits.1. a cheapskate/a tightwad2. generous3. cheap/stingy4. a big spender5. thrifty/frugal6. a spendthriftTeaching SuggestionsStep 1Model the first item with the class. Point out that to choose the right words, students should take into account both meaning and grammar. For example, in item 1, cheap and stingy match the context, but a noun is necessary, so the correct answer is a cheapskate or a tightwad. Point out that more than one word might be possible.Step 2Have students compare answers with a partner. Then review as a class.SpeakingA. CONVERSATION SNAPSHOTTeaching SuggestionsStep 1Have students look at the photo. Ask What kind of electronic product do you think this is?(an MP3 player) Elicit from the class that an MP3 player is an audio player onto which you can download songs from online music stores or from your own collection of music storedin your computer to listen to.Step 2Have students read and listen to the conversation. T o check comprehension, ask What didery the man buy? (a new MP3 player) Is he happy with it? (no) Why not?(because it’s v hard to operate) Did he know this before buying it? (no. otherwise, he would have boughta different brand.)Step 3To draw on students’　own experiences, ask them if they have an MP3 player. If some students have one, ask Are you happy with it? Is it hard to operate? What brand is it? Howlong does it take to download a song?Language note: Students may need help with the following expressions: Lucky you (used to say that someone is fortunate); to tell you the truth (used to emphasize that you are being very honest); I could kick myself (said when you are annoyed with yourself becauseyou have realized that you made a mistake or missed a chance); What a pain! (used to say that something is very annoying); You’ve t elling me(used to emphasize that you already know and agree with something that someone has just said).Rhythm and intonation practiceStep 1Have students repeat chorally. Make sure they:○ use emphatic stress for you in Lucky you!○　pause slightly after truth in Well, to tell you the truth . . .○　use falling intonation but higher pitch for What do you mean?○　use emphatic stress for hours in It took me hours to figure out . . .○use emphatic stress for me in You’re telling me.. . .I would have gotten . . .○　use the contracted form would’ve in○　use the following stress pattern:STRESS PATTERN——·——···—···—··——·——A: Hey, I heard you got an E-tec M P 3 player. Lucky you!——·——··——··——··B: Well, to tell you the truth, I could kick myself.——··——A: What do you mean?··—·—····——·—·····——······B: I had no idea it would be so hard to operate. It took me hours to figure out how to ——··——download a song.——·——A: What a pain!——··——··——···——··——·——B: You’re telling me. Had I known, I would have gotten a different brand.B. Vocabulary. Expressing buyer’s remorse. Listen and practice.Teaching SuggestionsStep 1Elicit the meaning of buyer’s remorse from the class. (a strong feeling that it was a mistake to have bought something)Step 2Have students listen to the statements and look at the illustrations. Then have studentslisten and repeat chorally.Step 3To check comprehension, have students look at each picture and ask What is the woman(the TV)spending a lot of money on? (car service) What is too big for the man’s room?What is the man trying to figure out? (how to put the second system together) Why is thefood processor collecting dust in the closet? (because nobody uses it)C. listening Comprehension. Listen to the conversations in which people regret havingbought something. Complete each statement by inferring the reason for buyer’sremorse.1. b2. a3. b4.b5.aScriptConversation 1F: Wow, what a g reat juicer! That’s even big enough for my family!M: Actually, I hardly ever use it. It’s way too big. I have such a small kitchen.F: So, why’d you buy it?M: I got it on sale—at a great price.Conversation 2M: I see you bought a digital camera. How do you like it?F: Well, I might like it if I could figure out how to use it. Truth is, it’s a pain in the neck. M: What do you mean?F:It has way too many features. Believe me, if I had known you couldn’t just point and shoot, I never would have gotten it.Conversation 3F1: Hey, I love your new exercise bike! It must be great having one of those.F2: Well, yes and no.F1: What does that mean?F2:I like it, but I guess I’m just a couch potato. I just don’t use it enough.Conversation 4M1: What a cool sound system! You just get it?M2: Yeah.M1: Look at all those pieces. When are you going to put it all together?M2:Well …　that’s a problem actually. There are so many components. And the instructions don’t help at all. Look.M1: Whoa! That looks pretty complicated.M2:Had I known how complicated it was going to be, I would have gotten a different model.Conversation 5M: Love your new car! You must be on cloud nine driving that thing!F:Oh, it’s fun to drive, but I’m not so sure it’s worth it.M: Really? Why?F:You wouldn’t believe it. Between the premium gas and visits to the mechanic … It’s costing me an arm and a leg!M: Ouch!F:I can’t afford to drive it! Probably wouldn’t have bought it had I given it more thought.Teaching SuggestionsStep 1First listening: Have students listen to the five conversations and identify what eachperson has bought. Review as a class. (1. a juicer, 2. a digital camera, 3. an exercise bike,2. a sound system, 5. a car)Step 2Second listening: Have students listen and complete the statements.Step 3Third listening: In pair, have students write down phrases from the conversations tosupport their answers. Review as a class. (1. “It’s way too big.” 2. “I might like it if I could figure out how to use it.” 3. “I just don’t use it enough.” 4. “There are so many components. And the instructions don’t help at all.” 5. “. . . it’s costing me an arm and a leg!”ReadingText ABackground Information （少）Key Words and ExpressionsAquarium n.玻璃养鱼缸We went to Stanley Park and the aquarium，up Grouse Mountain，and to museums and galleries.The colorful and active platy provides a vivid contrast to the rich greenplants in your aquarium.bulky adj.体积大的To protect himself, Ruiz used to wear a bulletproof vest under his suitjacket, but the vest was bulky and hot.Traditional lithium-ion batteries have carbon electrodes, which arerelatively bulky for the energy they provide.gadget n. 小机械；小装置Are you looking for a cool back-to-school gadget?A corkscrew is a very useful gadget for opening bottles of wine. purchase v.购买Employees are encouraged to purchase shares in the firm.The new couple spent some money for the purchase of the furnaturenecessary for their new house.remorse n.懊悔；悔恨He was filleed wuth remorse for having refused to visit his dyingfather.In a fit of remorse she burnt all her lover,s letters.screwdriver n.螺丝起子You turn the screws round and round with a screwdriver.I can't find a screwdriver but this serve the purpose.spin v.快速旋转；（车子）飞奔Her top spin, back spin and side spin contributed a lot to herwinning of the final.It takes Pluto 248 Earth years to spin around the Sun.tropical adj.热带的；炎热潮湿的I perfer to eat tropical fruits.Some animals can not indure tropical climate.wagon n..四轮运货马车；运货牛车Among the remains of a scorched wagon,you find three corpses and a Wand of Fire.A four-wheeled, open, box-shaped wagon or iron car run on tracks in a coal mine.wrap v.包，裹（某物）；用（东西）把…裹起来I wrapped the rug around the sick man's legs to keep him warm.The assistant wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Teaching Suggestions 少Reference Translation购买礼物者指南选择礼物时要考虑的事情你总是经历过一个购买者的后悔心态的——那种后悔的感觉往往来源于购买了那些不需要的或者根本不该买的东西。

Unit 11.I’m just coming around to have a friendly chat with you. How are you doing?2.When you’re writing a paper, you must acknowledge the sources of the statements you havequoted to support your argument.3.As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People who want to make thingsbetter can do so if only they are strongly motivated.4.The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound way is recognized as acharacteristic of Emily Dickinson’s poetry.5.Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of The Declaration ofIndependence despite his personal sorrow and trouble.6.As the most influential US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a legacy which still deeplyaffects the country today.7.Madame Curie is often cited as an example of a great scientist who would never yielded tohardships in her quest for knowledge.8.As I see it, laziness is the biggest obstacle to person’s success.9.Curiosity is the best teacher. If information of no intrinsic interest is crammed into students’heads, no effective learning can be achieved.10.What are your criteria for selecting the greatest literary works of the 20th century?11.It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any int erest turns into anobsession it can be worrisome to parents.12.Before they go to school, children manage to progress from newborns with onlyinnate abilities to children with an enormous amount of knowledge about the world they live in.13.Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique contribution(s)to the cause ofcaring for the sick and dying.14.Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s contemporary, got involved in politics by suggesting thegovernment develop its own nuclear weapons program.15.For the inclusion of your record in the Guinness Book of World Records, an application mustbe submitted to the publication headquarters in London.16.History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic (有魅力的) person mustbe called to leadership so as to raise the nation’s moral.1.With today’s world making fantastic progress in science and technology, any nation contentto rely on past successes will soon be left behind.2.Though she was only a normal athlete in high school, in college her ability allowed her to riseabove the others and become a star.3.After replacing a wounded artillery general, Napoleon made history at the young age of 24by seizing rebellious Toulon (土伦).4.I wish I were endowed with both intelligence and good looks, but overall I think it’s mo reimportant to be smart than pretty.5.I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so much that I’m not sure how much longer I’ll beable to put up with him.6.This approach is going nowhere. We had better come up with a new way of dealing with thisproblem.7.As the name suggests, the book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why focuses on whatenables some people to go down in history.8.This psychology professor’s study of great figures is reportedly to be built on over ten yearsof research.9.I think your grades are low because you don’t study enough. You really need to put in moretime studying if you expect to do well.10.Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to come up with new ideas to sellthe same old products.11.I think it’s the teacher’s responsibility to take charge of the class, not to always ask thestudents what they want to do.12.The qualities that truly set Winston Churchill apart were his determination and his ability toinspire others.Unit 21.The author’s son wa s studying medicine at McGill University with the intention of becominga surgeon.2.I took her criticism as a sincere desire to see improvement in my work.3.They didn’t fight, but stood there glaring at one another.4.Don’t get sore at me because you got low marks in your exams.5.Though the poem is well-known, no one has yet been able to trace its author.6.The new club strives to educate its members to render service to the community.7.Mary likes to go dancing on weekends because she does not believe that the denial ofpleasure is a virtue.8.People place stamps on letters or packages as proof that they have paid for mailing theseitems.9.The mayor praised the Lei Feng Spirit that could be found everywhere in the city and paidparticular t ribute to youngsters who helped the elderly.10.These disks hold more than 400 times as much information as a conventional floppy disk (软磁盘).11.Though he didn’t have much to give, he was generous with his money.12.Father’s Day is a day on which the people of many countries express their gratitude andappreciation for their fathers by giving them gifts or greeting cards.13.She slammed on the brakes and the car came to a sudden stop.14.You might be more successful in your job if you would take the trouble to make yourselfmore agreeable to your colleagues (同事) as well as your employer.1.The only thing on sale that attracted me was a little French clock. caught/took my fancy2.It was John’s mistake to sign the agreement without reading it carefully.a mistake on John’s part3.We fail to appreciate sufficiently all sorts of things that are supplied to us easily by nature.take for granted 4.If a criminal fears that he’s going to get caught, he will hesitatebefore he robs or steals.think twice 5.She had put aside money for a long time for this holiday and she meant to enjoy everyminute of it. saved up6.We have to take into account the data mentioned in the annual report.referred to7.It is unpleasant to hear Tom talk too proudly of his abilities and achievements. boast about8.After her husband died at the age of 35, Mary made great efforts to ensure her five children’seducation. took pains with9.For better health you must avoid eating too much. refrain from10.Mr. Eden is one of the most prominent scientists in the country and to a certain extent amedia star. something of11.If you help a neglected child, he may not actually show you gratitude, but chances are thatyou will get thanks by some means or other. in one way or another12.She got a little bored with his habit of never allowing her to finish a sentence. fed upUnit 31.Generally speaking, tactics covers what you need to do at the moment while strategyprovides the broad guidelines that determine the overall direction.2.My family’s health and security are of the utmost importance to me.3.If one of those stays（支柱）gives way, the entire structure may collapse.4.Unlike a tightrope, a slack will sway up and down or from side to side.5.The president wanted to see him on a matter of great significance.6.Two foreign tourists died ad two soldiers were badly hurt yesterday when a coach and anArmy truck collided almost head-on along a straight stretch of road.7.We tried all sorts of solutions to that problem, and they all came to a dead end.8.The blow on his head erased the details of the accident from his memory.9.We usually judge others within the framework of our own experience.10.By the time the lifeboat arrived, the ship was almost vertical in the water. The woundedsoldier is sitting in the vertical position, upright in bed.11.The music ceased suddenly when she turned off the radio.12.By pointing out just one flaw, she destroyed his entire argument.13.The music implies suddenly when she turned off the radio.14.He affirmed his plan to make payments on time.1. We got lost and finally were two hours late. wound up being2.The schoolboy tried to drive the cow into the stable by tugging (拉) its tail, but failed.pulling on3.The roots of plants absorb water and make their food out of it. take in4.By constantly looking up at the clock he is really saying that he wants us to leave. in effect5. Although the glow of the sunset was the most intense colure in the scene, the darkeningblue of the rest of the sky began increasingly prevail.take over6. After graduation, John changed his job frequently but he eventually taught English in a localmiddle school. ended up teachingUnit 41.Even though animals within a breed may look similar to us humans, they probably lookunique to each other.2.Students have different individual abilities and potentials, and therefore should be taughtaccordingly.3.Many Americans would deny the existence of a single American culture partly because thereis such racial diversity in the county.4.Preadolescent (青春前期的) groups are homogeneous; that is, members are usually of thesame sex and come from the same neighborhood.5.The travel agency will make every arrangement for your trip and the expenses, all inclusiveare estimated at $300.6.All developed nations maintain a variety of social welfare programs to help unemployed orunderemployed people to function more fully in society.7.Lying is defined as deceiving someone about certain matters or facts.8.The irritation my boss showed was simply due to my failure to make a favorable comment onhis management.9.The variables that educational psychologists have found to be important in classroomteaching include the time teachers allocate to instruction, the amount of content they cover, the percent of time that students are engaged in learning, and so on.10.The Austrian physician and founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, used hispsychotherapy to uncover painful and forgotten memories in his patients.11.An instance of irony is the suggestion, put forward with apparent seriousness by the Englishsatirist Jonathan Swift in his A Modest Proposal (《一个温和的建议》), that the poor people of Ireland should rid themselves of poverty by selling their children to the rich to eat.12.Human learning and memory have been studied mostly with verbal materials (such as wordlists and stories) or with tasks requiring motor skills (such as learning to type or to play an instrument).13.Babies will readily learn to walk on their own when they are offered a reward.14.When depressed, these patients experience painful sadness, negative thinking, andindifference to things that used to bring them happiness.15.The probability of an outcome is represented by a number between 0 and 1, with probability0 indicating certainty that an event will not occur and probability 1 indicating certainty thatit will occur.16.IQ scores may vary according to testing conditions, and thus it is advisable to understandresults of the tests as falling within a certain range, such as average or superior.1.The major method of instruction for schools of the United States and many other countriesstresses the educational development of the child in terms of individual needs and interests.2.The explosion in use and popularity of the Internet in the 1990s is most likely due to theWorld Wide Web.3. A quality control inspector is responsible for making sure that every product measures/livesup to the specified standard before it goes into circulation.4.If you do what you are really interested in and try hard, you'll find, as often as not that youare living with contentment.5.The Greek philosopher Socrates was also a great teacher, whose method consisted of askingquestions that forced his students to think deeply about the meaning of life, truth, and justice.6.His plan is an ambitious one, and I doubt whether he will really go through with it.7.The secretary general, like the rest of the UN staff, is supposed to be independent, but inreality, he must rely on member countries, especially the five permanent Security Council members, to get anything done.8.It’s been argued that the problems with teaching have been brought about in part byinadequate facilities.Unit 51.The first artificial intelligence (人工智能) conference in 1956 inspired researchers toundertake projects that emulated human behavior in areas of reasoning, language comprehension, and communications.2.In 1979 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states may require the consent（同意，许可）ofone parent of a minor (未成年者) requesting an abortion.3.By 1951 industrial production had exceeded prewar peaks; it continued to rise in thesucceeding years.4.That park contains miniature reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Walland the Summer Palace.5.According to our professor, unemployment is an inevitable consequence of free marketeconomics.6.There are nearly 2,900 radio stations associated with ABC, as well as a sizable publishinggroup.7.Don’t worry. The danger from these snakes is practically nothing.8. A crowd of people gathered, outraged by the way the police officers were hitting the twomen.9.Psychological drug dependency is characterized by a craving for the drug and belief that onecannot function without taking it.10.The bomb was designed to cause the maximum amount of harm to the maximum number ofpeople.11.Although breast cancer primarily afflicts females, about 1,400 male breast cancers were alsoreported in the United States in 1997.12.Some people’s attitudes towards foreigners are based on sheer ignorance and prejudice.13.When he stood up from his seat, he suddenly felt an intense pain in the lower part of hisback.14.We see each other at regular intervals — usually once a week.15.I read a very interesting biography of Marx’s last week, which is based on his correspondencewith Engels over 40 years.1.Tom’s boss asked him to take control of the office for a couple of weeks while she was away.take charge of 2.As he fell down from the cliff (悬崖) the mountaineer was lucky enough to grab a branchwith his left hand.get hold of3.Such projects as road or dam building, mining, or large-scale farming can cause greathardships to people whose lives depend on the land. who live off on4.The government began to support small businesses when it realized that they were the keyto economic growth. smile (up)on5.Adrenaline(肾上腺素) helps the body to get used to sudden stress by increasing heart rateand raising blood pressure.adjust to6. A central purpose of drama has always been to provide a means for a society to thinkcarefully about itself and its beliefs. reflect upon7.I had seen the singer before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her personally.in person8.Chicago’s O’Hare Airport was closed as a result of the snowstorm. due to9.Cindy, Linda, and Niaomi went to the benefit fashion show, as did Claudia and Christy, allknown as the “supermodels” of the 1990’s. along with10.The rocket roared into space, increasing its speed to 38,000 mph shortly after. picking up11.I’m sorry, but someone else has borrowed the book you want. checked out12.On seeing General Powell, the soldier threw out his chest and saluted. stuck outUnit 61.Official U.S. statistics on employment and unemployment are derived from a monthly samplesurvey of households.2.For a solid or liquid fuel to ignite, some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature atwhich it turns to gas.3.He keeps his savings under his pillow because he distrusts banks.4.The writer’s thesis is that all human problems can be solved by logic.5.Since the early 1900’s, pronunciation in the United States has becomes more standardizedbecause people throughout the country have become more and more exposed to each other’s speech patterns.6.I am not jealous of her good fortune, but I do feel she should share it with others.7.Zoologists observe the ways animals interact with one another and their environment.8.People spend a lot of their Hard-earned money on holidays and of course they want to getgood professional service.9.She felt frustrated when she didn’t get a promotion after all these years of hard wo rk.10.She grabbed for her gun when she heard the shots down the street.11.I suggest that you keep the flashlight handy in case the fuse (保险丝) blows again.12.The secretaries’ report provided the leaders with the necessary numerical information.13.Mary and her brothers were all very happy because their father approved their plans for thesummer.14.The issue of the death penalty is highly controversial in some western countries.15.He has abstract ideas about what to do, but no specific plans or proposals.1.There are many heroines who make headlines for showing courage when confronted withsome public emergency. in the face of2.For those who are disabled when they are born or during childhood, special education isnecessary.from birth3.Their request for better working conditions was equal to a criticism of the management.amounted to 4.There are still difficulties before us, but we will overcome them individually in order.one by one5.He didn’t sell hi s house right away; he waited to get the best offer. held out for6.In the face of enemy attacks, the president said that his countrymen would never yield tothreats. give in to7. A good visual artist (视觉艺术家) has to be a drawer first. Ramsay learnt at an early time thecrucial importance of drawing as the basis for his art.early on8.How can you ever achieve any success if you are afraid of everything that is unpleasant ordifficult.shy away from9.Tom took the place of George just after half-time when it appeared that the injury toGeorge’s knee was affecting his performance. substituted for10.He’s disorganized, he’s inefficient, he’s never there when you want him –in a word, theman’s hopeless. in short11.The detective put a chemical on the paper, and the fingerprints appeared. showed up12.Emily’s life resulted in tragedy after her husband was captured during the Civil War. ended in Unit 71.Johnny is only 15 but actually he has outgrown his mother by five inches.2.Cockroaches (蟑螂) have earned a bad reputation because they feed on garbage.3.Arab Americans have tended to identify more strongly with their Muslim heritage.4.I have moments of despair, but fundamentally I am an optimist.5.She hesitated for a fraction of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.6.Thanks to the Internet, data can now be transferred easily from one computer to another.7.Drums can be used to convey messages over distances beyond the human voice’s reach.8.Technological advances are the chief agents of change.9.In 1894 bottling machines were installed in a Mississippi factory and the first bottled Cokewas produced.10.There are laws to specify (指定) the person(s) who will obtain a dead person’s estate if nowill exists.ura filed a lawsuit against her company for ignoring her for promotion because she waspregnant. passing (her) over2.The President ought to seize the opportunity to stop quarrelling with the political parties andnegotiate a speedy return to democracy. make his peace with3.The Clayton Antitrust Act (克莱顿反托拉斯法) declared illegal such practices as price-cuttingto drive competitors out of business.freeze competitors out of business4.He was very intelligent, but he failed to meet the requirements for a manager.fell short of5.The earliest European description of the American continent appeared in published form in1505.in print6.Children from age 6 to age 14 in Germany attend full-time school without payment.for free7.Workers are tearing open roads to lay new cables. put in8.The Foreign Ministry holds weekly press conferences to let reporters know the latestdevelopments in diplomacy. fill reporters in on9.First offenders of traffic regulations are sometimes let go without any punishment.let off10.Mother was startled at the news and broke several plates. taken aback by11.Having broken with his girlfriend and standing alone in the street with his suitcase, Georgedid not know where to go or what to do. was at a loss12.It rook me nearly a month to get free of my cough. get rid of。

新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit3答案Section AVocabularyIII.1. raw2. convicted3. compensation4. notify5. provisions6. receipt7. paste8. altered9. thrive 10. certify Exercises on Web course only:11. donation 12. roast 13. rent 14. champion 15. temptation IV1. up2. to3. down4. of5. out6. into7. for8. on9. through 10. ofV.1. M2. E3. G4. A5. H6. C7.18. K9.0 10. D CollocationVI.1. respect2. degree3. money4. living5. praise6. place7. success8. scholarship9. job 10. reputation Word BuildingVII.1. longish2. animal-like3. selfish4. honey-like5. ball-like6. boyish7. yellowish8. bookishVIII.1. politicians2. technician3. comedian4. musicians5. physicians6. electricians7. beautician8. magician sentence structureIX.1. The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.2. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.3. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.4. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.5. Four people are reported to have been seriously injured in the acci dent.X.1. He tried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any effect.2. I don't regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her.3. The window was broken because I forgot to close it when I left.4. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.5. He welcomed the new student and then went on to explain the col lege regulations.TranslationXI.1. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into theaffair in person.2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which e ntitles you to a discount on goods.4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arri ved three hours later than they hadplanned.5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign we eks later.6. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business isthriving.XII1.据报道这个男子曾在私下说：“许多救济对象在欺骗我们，因此，作为补偿，我们有权让他们对我们点头哈腰。

新视野大学英语〔第二版〕第四册课后答案新视野大学英语〔第二版〕第四册Unit1III.idle2.justify3.discount4.distinct5.minuteobject8.contaminate9.sustain10.worshipIV.accusing...of2.endup3.cameupon4.atherworst5.payfor6.runarisk of7.participate in8.other than9.object to/objected 10.atbest6. 1.delay2.pain3.hardship4.suffering5.feverdefeat7.poverty8.treatment9.noise10.agonyWordbuildingVII.justify2.glorify3.exemplifies4.classifiedpurified6.intensify7.identify8.terrifiedVIII.bravery2.jewelry3.delivery4.machinery5.robbery6.nursery7.scenery8.discoverySentenceStructureIX.otherthanforfuneralsandweddingsotherthantoliveanindependentlifeotherthanthattheyappealedtohiseye..`butotherthanthat,he'lleatjustabouteverything.otherthanthatit'ssomewhereinthetowncenterX.shouldn'thavebeentothecinemalastnightwouldhave;toldhimtheanswertheyneedn'thavegoneatallmusthavehadtoomuchworktodomighthavebeeninjuredseriouslyTranslationXI.-Theplantdoesnotgrowwellinsoilsotherthantheoneinwhichithasbeendeveloped. Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwemayhavedoneduringtheday..Somepeopletendtojustifytheirfailurebyblamingothersfornottryingtheirbest..Weremaintruetoourcommitment:Whateverwepromisedtodo;wewoulddoit..EvenBeethoven'sfatherdiscountedthepossibilitythathissonwouldonedaybecomethegreatestmusicianintheworld.ThesameistrueofEdison,whoseem edtohisteachertobequitedull.Theywereaccusedbytheauthoritiesofthreateningthestatesecurity.XII.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。

新视野英语第四册vocabulary原题与答案1.Hundreds of workers sat idle on the factory floor waiting for the assembly line to startagain.2.To some of our problems there was more than one right answer, so we were looking at thestudents’ reasoning as to how they got it and if they could justify the answer they had.3.Consumers expect to find the brand available at a discount and are unpleasantly surprisedto find a higher price.4.The European Union is made up of 27 nations with distinct cultural, linguistic andeconomic roots.5.Police found minute traces of blood on the car seats.6.Despite his promise to eliminate cronyism, he was openly accused of giving governmentpositions to friends and relatives.7.But I would like to accept his kind offer if he did not object to my sharing the seed withmy friend, Mary, who was an experienced grower and had a beautiful rock garden.8.The pollution from the factories continues to contaminate the river and also poses healththreat to people living nearby.9.We believe it’s possible to sustain growth through the use of different kinds of energy thatwill allow for lower carbon emissions.10.The people loved her so much that they nicknamed her“Evita”, and long after her death,many Argentines continue to work ship her.11.The President defended the government policy, accusing the media of misinforming thepeople.12.The less you spend, the less you’ll owe, and the less likely you’ll end up bankrupt.13.Darby was looking for a way to improve the image of the company when he came upon.14.As far as I can remember, this was their mother at her worst: Her voice was strident, andshe was ready to be angry at anyone.15.If you don’t take care of your body now, you’ll pay for it dearly when you’re older.16.If they failed to complete the project on schedule, they would run a risk of beingdismissed.17.In our university, students are also encouraged to make use of the Arts Center and toparticipate in music and drama.18.In many cases, optional subjects other than science are available, such as business studies.19.The young artist’s parent object to his giving up his day job for fear that he might fail inhis quest for fame.20.Some people think that most pills offer either no real improvement or, at best onlymoderate improvements.21.She was very polite and, like the rest of her people, never laughed if an outsider saidsomething coarse.22.I still have bitter feelings for Robert. What can I say? He completely betrayed my trust.23.Apart from the incident in Las Vegas, our vacation was completely trouble-free.24.In 1968, the Oscar ceremony was postponed for two days, following the assassination ofMartin Luther King.25.Now that we have approval we may execute the scheme as previously agreed.26.Many of the papers focus their attention on the controversy surrounding statementsreportedly made by the Foreign Secretary.27.As all the performers were either related to or known to the audience, each act was greetedwith loud and equal applause.28.The first mobile phones were heavy and clumsy to use, but nowadays they are much easyto handle.29.The man’s story was so that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.30.His latest book, Animal Liberation, sparked a nationwide debate on the way we thinkabout animal.31.Charlie Chaplin was born in a poor area of South London, but in 1913 he left Britain forgood.32.He revolted against all kinds of human discrimination and sought to establish social justice,democracy and freedom as rights for all human beings.33.The interview was really stressful. They were trying to trip me up all the way through.34.Recent studies have found that certain smells can bring about extreme psychologicalchanges.35.I couldn’t remember a fairy story to tell the children, soI made up one as I went along.36.I think that the decision was not appropriate to a degree concerning the undue weight beinggiven to the question of an economic crisis.37.They’ll have to cut the film down- it’s far too long.38.They used to live in a big house with lots of servants, but they’ve come down in the worldsince them.39.Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels or campsites inadvance.40.There were moments when I wondered: Did she do this on purpose, or was it all just agame?41.I prefer to eat vegetables raw, not cooked, because I believe that is better for my health.42.If convicted of the charge he would face a prison sentence of six years.43.Any claims for refund or compensation must be made in writing to our head office within28 days.44.If you will require childcare in order to attend the meeting, please notify us by leaving amessage for Jan or Martha at Jordan’s office.45.The government attaches great importance to the training of good handles and the newFood Safety Act contains specific provisions on this.46.Keep your receip t in case there is something wrong with it and you want to bring it back.47.Her job in that company was to merely fill the containers and then paste labels on them.48.When he realized that one engine was not working, the pilot alerted air traffic control.49.My garden is too dry and shady-not many plants thrive in such environment.50.This is to certify that the holder of this certificate has been awarded top prize in theEnglish-speaking contest.51.His role was to drum up contributions and donations from friends in big business.52.The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.53.His car broke down, so he has a plausible explanation as to why he is late.54.I suddenly realized that I was being made a fool of.55.If you want to donate a number of books to your organization, club, association or to yourlocal school library for the children to read, please fill out the form below.56.You should review your situation, think about changes, look into the past and presentbefore you revise your plans for your future.57.If natural selection was to account for the evolution of man’s higher faculties, as Darwinwas convinced it could, then those faculties must have a material basis.58.They will do what they can to make sure that the people who will sit on the committee aremoral, cultured, competent people.59.Whatever you do, don’t look for a pay increase when you know the company is goingthrough some difficulty.60.The newspaper reported that Williams would face life in prison if he were convicted ofattempted murder.61.The local government has given priority to the construction of infrastructure so as to attractmore foreign in investment.62.He placed his house at my disposal during my holidays.63.The writer has condensed a great deal of material into just over 100 pages and presented itin a reasonable readable style.64.An absence of strategic vision and insufficient customer focus were two other areasidentified as key problem facing this wireless phone service company.65.The San Francisco-based company said the contract is expected to generate revenue of$250 million in the first year.66.We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough to scratch the surface.67.Monopolies in industries like railways and various utilities need breaking up.68.To head off competition, the telecommunicationscompanies have invested heavily in hightechnology.69.BT’s prices for national and international calls are now among the lowest in the world,although local call prices are nowhere near the cheapest.70.Manufacturers currently are working to establish industry standards for digitaltransmission.71.We are afraid our company is lagging far behind many of our competition in usingmodern technologies.72.For the time being, they are stuck with the old technology, but they will soon turn to newtechnologies.73.By going for the most advanced technology, Shanghai aims to become one of the topfinancial centers in the world.74.They haven’t met again for all these years, but they remain in contact.75.We must make sure that we keep pace with new development in computer technology,otherwise will soon lag behind.76.The professor promised that she will have a computer at your disposal for the whole year.77.They discovered that the oldest part of the building dates from the early 16th century.78.There’s far more to be done-they’ve only scratch the surface of the problem.79.Congestion makes things worst: Cars stuck in traffic jams pollute three times as much asthose on the open road.80.In the meantime, consumers are forced to choose between just to US and two UK airlines,which provide 95 percent of transatlantic services from Heathrow.81.Employees at humble jobs have to carefully weight up the employer’s words and closelywatch their expression.82.In Paris, the Eiffel Tower closed to the public for four hours after a morning snowfall madeit too slippery to climb.83.Children, and, later, teenagers have to learn to put a brake on their impulse, to tame theirdesires.84.Some poets and philosophers choose to live in solitude because they can find inspirationin it.85.No one noticed that the little boy had crept into the room and was sitting there, listening.86.Blake was wrongfully arrested is now demanding an apology from the police.87.After months of observation, I personally can conclude that it was pretty much an arbitrarypolicy.88.Though he did not dictate, he went at pace slow enough for the listeners to take down a lotof what he said.89.Some people feel totally inadequate when faced with new responsibility.90.The philosopher is said to be a solitary man. He closedhimself indoors and rarely hadvisitor91.People refused to talk to him after the scandal and he was cast out by society.92.Thoreau didn’t require any company. Instead, he had a strong desire to be left in the hut allby himself.93.On weekends we are usually allowed to stay up late to watch TV.94.Even when he was in primary school, he was fond of football.95.The story was so fascinating that she finished reading the book at one sitting.96.The ditches were filled up with mud and rubbish again after pouring rain.97.The writer speaks highly of T horeau’s living all by himself at Walden Pond.98.Elizabeth Mowbray, accompanied by her daughter, set forth from Framingham a fewweeks later.99.Mr. Wright was questioned at length at the police station, but denied he had anything to dowith the murder.100.We’re stuck in this place for the time being, and it appears there’s nothing we can do about that.。

1.framework [freimwə:k]within the framework of federal regulations.在联邦法规的体制内2. excerpts [ˈeksə:pt] n.摘录；引用；摘要；节录vt.摘录；摘要；引用；节要vi.摘录；引用The readings you heard earlier were excerpted from a new oral history of Pearl Harbor.你之前听到的朗读片段节选自一部新的珍珠港口述史。

Can you excerpt something from the newspaper?你能从报纸上选录些东西吗？3.sacred[ˈseikrid]adj.宗教的；神圣的；受崇敬的，值得崇敬的；有宗教性质的The owl is sacred for many Californian Indian people.对于很多加利福尼亚的印第安人而言，猫头鹰是圣物He said the unity of the country was sacred.他说国家的统一神圣不可侵犯。

4. binding n.捆绑；（衣服等的）镶边；粘合剂；书籍的封面adj.捆绑的；粘合的；（书面材料）有约束力的；应履行的The panel's decisions are secret and not binding on the government.专家小组的决定是秘密的，对政府不具有约束力。

bind vt.约束；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕vt.& vi.（使）结合；n.窘境，困境；捆绑；植物的藤蔓The world of advertising is obviously less bound by convention than the world of banking... 显然，广告业比银行业更少受到惯例的束缚。

Bind the ends of the cord together with thread.用线把这根绳子的两端捆扎起来。

综合教程Book4Unit3VocabularyWords and expressionsParagraphs 1-2given:prep. when you consider sth.e.g.Given his age (= considering how old he is), he’s remarkably active.Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.given that: conj.e.g.It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.a. fixed for a purpose and stated as suche.g.They were to meet at a given time and place.equivalent:n. sth. equal in value, measure, force, effect or significance Collocation: equivalent (of/to sth.)e.g.The dress cost the equivalent of a week’s salary.What is the equivalent of fifty pounds in US dollars?a. equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.Collocation: equivalent (to sth.)e.g.Eight kilometers is roughly equivalent to five miles.Rewrite the sentence using “equivalent”:Breathing such polluted air has the same effect as smoking ten cigarettes a day.Answer: Breathing such polluted air is the equivalent of smoking ten cigarettes a day.Breathing such polluted air is equivalent to smoking ten cigarettes a day.dramatically:ad.suddenly and noticeablye.g.Prices have fallen dramatically.Events could have developed in a dramatically different way.Derivation: dramatic a.e.g. a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvementdramatic results/developments/newsalter:v.become different; make sb./sth. differente.g. He had altered so much that I scarcely recognized him.Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame.The landscape has been radically altered, severely damaging wildlife.Derivations:alteration: n. a change to sth. that makes it differente.g. They are making major/minor alterations to the house.alternate:a. (of two things) happening or following one after the other regularlye.g.She puts alternate layers of fruit and cream to make cake.v. (cause to) follow by turnse.g.We alternate periods of work and sleep.alternative:n. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilitiese.g.You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two alternatives.a. [only before noun]e.g. Have you got an alternative suggestion?Blank filling:This shirt will have to be ________; it is too large.This shirt needs ________; it is too large.His moods ________ between happiness and gloom.This method doesn’t work. Do you have an _______ solution?(Answer: 1. altered 2. alteration 3. alternate 4. alternative)further: v. help forwarde.g.Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.The interests of an organization will never be furthered through acts of terrorism.fragment:①v.break into parts or small piecese.g.The satellite will fragment and burn up as it falls through the Earth’s atmosphere.The government is planning to fragment the industry before privatizing it.②n. a small part of sth. that has broken off or comes from sth. largere.g.Police found fragments of glass near the scene.I overheard a fragment of their conversation.Pronunciation: Note that when the same form is used as a noun, the stress shifts to the first syllable. Derivations: fragmentation: n.e.g.the fragmentation of the country into small independent statesfragmented: a.e.g. a fragmented societyalienate:v.cause sb. to feel very distant from or not welcome to sb. elsee.g.She was alienated from her brother by her foolish behavior.All these changes to the newspaper have alienated itstraditional readers.Derivations:alien: a. & n.e.g.In a world that had suddenly become alien and dangerous, he was her only security. (a.)aliens from outer space (n.)alienation: n.e.g.The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.Many immigrants suffer from a sense of alienation.Paragraphs 3-6addicted:a.being dependent on sth. and wanting to spend as much time doing it as possible Collocation: be addicted to sth.e.g.Some youngsters are hopelessly addicted to video games.She’s become addicted to love stories.Derivations:addiction: n.e.g.He is now fighting his addiction to alcohol.addictive: a.e.g. Heroin is highly addictive.alcoholic: n.sb. who cannot stop drinking large amounts of alcohol, even when this is making him or her ill Word Formation: -aholic: suffix in nounsliking sth. very much and unable to stop doing or using ite.g. shopaholic; chocaholic; workaholicin that:conj. (formal) for the reason that; becausee.g. She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.The news was all the more reliable in that it was from an official source.be given to:(formal) do sth. often or regularlyCollocation: be given to sth. / doing sth.e.g. He is given to heavy drinking.He is given to going for long walk on his own.exaggeration:n.action of making a situation, quality, or feature appear greater, more obvious, or more important than it really ise.g.He told his story simply and without exaggeration.Derivation:exaggerate v.to make sth. seem larger, better, worse or more important than it really ise.g.The hotel was really filthy and I’m not exaggerating.He tends to exaggerate the difficulties.binge:n.an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way, esp. eating, drinking or spending moneye.g.go on a binge / an Internet binge / a chocolate bingeOne of the symptoms of this disease is binge eating.skew:v.cause to be not straight or exact; twiste.g.The company’s results for this year are skewed because not all our customers have paid their bills.Today’s election w ill skew the results in favour of the northern end of the country.lament:v.to express sadness and regret about sth.e.g.He lamented the death of his friend.She lamented that she had never been to Paris.Derivation:lamentable: a. very disappointinge.g.She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.... it struck us that …: ... it occurred to us that … / ... we suddenly realized that …e.g. How does the concert last night strike you?He struck me as an odd, old-fashioned professor of Chinese.Blank filling:___________ that nobody is really in favor of the proposal.我突然意识到没人真正喜欢这个提议。

Vocabulary and Structure:Test One1.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelterswhich are built to _B___ ground and air attacks.unchB.withstandC.contestD.contend2.I’m pleased to hear of your job offer- all that hard work atschool has obviously _A__.A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up3.The talks might B__ for weeks before any concrete result isannounced.A.press onB.drag on//拖延C.get bogged downD.hold out4.We need someone really _A__ who can organize the office andmake it run smoothly.A.crucialB.realisticC.essentialD.efficientE.effective5.Once Mrs. Kirkpatrick ___B you in conversation, you’re stuckwith her for at least half an hour.A.submergesB.engagesC.occupiesunchesengage in= be engaged in6.Their refusal to compromise is a major A_ that stands in theway of further peace talks.A.Obstacle//阻碍物plicationC.entityD.hazard7.However, the new law, once passed, will _B__ the Bridlingtonagreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions oftheir choice.A.convertB.renderC.cancelD.eliminate8.I will hold you personally D___ if anything goes wrong in thisproject.A.destructiveB.lucrativeC.diverseD.responsible9.Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason isB ___from the list for promotion.A.eliminatedB.retreatedC.priedD.wrenched10.The intelligence department was accused of failure to _D__ thetroops to the possibility of an enemy attack during the weekend.A.instructB.warnC.dictateD.alert11.Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project isfinancially __B_ .A.constructiveB.feasibleC.favorableD.stiff12.Under normal circumstances the body can ___ these naturallyoccurring substances into vitamins.A.convertB.renderC.deriveD.originate13.This course focuses on the ___ of economic analysis to theproblems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of paymentsand enterprise behavior.A.conceptionbinationC.applicationD.i ntroduction14.You can ___ the video camera on a tripod, so that you don’thave to worry about holding it steady while you askquestions.A.withstandB.mountC.implementD.dwell in15. The camps are not usually tent-type camps. They are mostlylong-established, ___structures, often with strange Indian names.A. permanentB. historicalC. monotonousD. raw16. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and ___increase its market power.A. thereforeB. therebyC. henceD. further17. ___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.A. prospectiveB. responsibleC. ethnicD. realistic18. Our postgraduate students are fully integrated into thedepartmental research ___ and, in addition, participate in the Postgraduate Education Progrmme.A. cooperationB. endeavorC. administrationD. network19. As a reporter, I was paid to ___into other people’s lives.A. pryB. convertC. blurtD. carve20. The ball was ___ out of his grasp by a player on the other team.A. wrenchedB. contestedC. interruptedD. sucked21. As he walked out of the court, he was ___ with frustration and rage.A. applaudingB. quiveringC. paralyzingD. limping22. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___ process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for alldiseases.A. efficientB. stagnantC. intricateD. appropriate23. Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural, but some were ___ out.A. carvedB. priedC. penetratedD. decorated24. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger.A. went afterB. follow upC. started upD. took on25. People from different cultures have different ___ of the world.A. impressionsB. complicationsC. foundationsD. conceptions26. Don’t let his criticism ___ you; he belongs to the kind of people who take the delight in finding fault with others’ work.A. discourageB. concernC. dictateD. paralyze27. The survey found 80 percent of viewers were ___ by the violent scenes in the film.A. eliminatedB. alertedC. offendedD. discouraged28. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services.A. essentialB.appropriateC. equivalentD. lucrative29. In today’s working world the roles of men and women are becoming ___.A. dwarfedB. incorporatedC. correlatedD. blurred30. This disease ___ in Africa but has spread to many parts of the world.A.derivedB. originatedC.sparkledD.dwelledTest Two1.“Have you any ___ plans for your future now that you’ve completed your graduate studies?”A.decisiveB.exactC.preciseD.definite2. Anyone caught ___ an offense will be punished.A. committingB. conductingC. executingD. performing3. There is scientific evidence to support our ___ that being surrounded by plants is good for health.A perceptionB.instinctC.conceptionD.implication4. The Israeli troops ___ by launching a bombing attack on thePalestinian-controlled areas.A. had a crackB. took a tollC. took revengeD. follow up5. He should ___ what he’s good at, and not switch to something he knows nothing about.A. take onB. stick toC. go afterD. live on6. To be ___ with you, I think you’re making a dreadful mistake by refusing to cooperate.A. candidB. pertinentC. mildD. vivid7. there are still some ___ for students of science and engineering, but those in arts and humanities have been filled.A. positionsB. vacanciesC. categoriesD. applications8. The plants are in a(n) ___ plastic box, so the children can observe how the roots grow with time.A. appropriateB. intricateC. transparentD. waterproof9. The United Nations was supposed to D___ the role of global peace-keeper.A. contendB. nurtureC. carveD. undertake10. People under a lot of _A__ may experience headaches, minor pains and sleeping difficulties.A. stressB. exposureC. enduranceD. endeavor11. The destruction of the Twin Tower in New York City ___ shock and anger throughout the world.A. summonedB. temptedC. provokedD. enveloped12. His total worldly possessions ___ little more than the clothes he stood up in.A. amounted toB. settled forC. turned upD. came at13. A UN official said aid programs will be ___ until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.A.multipliedB.spannedC.arrestedD.suspended14. Many social problems are caused by the uneven ___ of wealth.A. equalityB. justiceC. distributionD. volume15. The shopkeepers are complaining that business has been reduced to a __A_ of what it was before the outbreak of war.A. fractionB. sectionC. portionD. trifle16. The number 40 on a road sign ___ that the speed limit is 40 miles an hour.A. signifiesB. forecastsC. illuminesD. characterizes17. Our director had ___ on the matter for a long time before he made the decision.A. hushedB. thrashedC. ponderedD. suspended18. The weather wasn’t favorable and both teams had to _B__ icy rain and a strong wind during the match.A. pin downB. contend withC. get stuck inD. take control of19. The word is now widely used in newspapers and magazines, but its origin still remains ___.A. exoticB. widespreadC. obscureD. adrift20. George __C_ an agonizing 48-hour wait for the results of the test.A. underwentB. withstoodC. undertookD. grilled21. The consumer B___ in recent years has led to an explosion of shopping center development in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Canton.A. summitB. boomC. pressureD. volume22. The car, at least as we know it, is on the way out, because its exhaust ___ a threat to the environment.A. originatesB. posesC. offendsD. paralyzes23. The offer of a free overseas tour __C_ him into buying the villa on the hillside.A.DiscouragedmittedC.TemptedD.Tangled24. Obviously, no teacher has ___ patience. Even Larry, who is always kind and tolerant, lost his temper on that particular occasion.A. infiniteB. definiteC. spectacularD. plural25. We must get the trapped victims out at once because the building is in ___ danger of an explosion.A. opaqueB. vividC. muteD. imminent26. She tried to kick the pajamas , but they were ___ in the satin sheet.A. gougedB. tangledC. scoopedD. submerged27. That morning, on Mount Tai, I saw the most _C__ sunrise in my life.A. mysteriousB. opaqueC. spectacularD. adolescent28. At night, cars often ___ small animals that are blinded by the headlights.A. run overB. held upc. took apartD. drove at29. After Mike left for work, I ___C the beds and vacuumed the carpets.A. pattedB. clappedC. strippedD. shaved30. Dr. Light, who is _D__ to be one of the best surgeons in London, performed the operation and successfully removed the tumor in the lungs.A. confessedB. thrilledC. perceivedD. reputed.。

smallpox n. 天花a highly contagious disease causing spots which leave marks on the skin impasse n. 僵局；死胡同a position from which progress is impossible; deadlocktactics n. 战术；策略a method or process of carrying out a scheme or achieving some end dairymaid n. 牛奶场女工a girl or woman who works in a dairydairy n. 1. 牛奶场；奶品场place where milk is kept and milk products are made2. 乳品店shop where milk, butter, etc. are soldcowpox n. 牛痘a disease of cows,of which the virus was formerly used in vaccination against smallpoxvaccination n. 接种疫苗scourge n. 苦难的根源；灾难；祸害thing or person that causes great trouble or misfortune tense a. 紧张焦虑的nervous and anxious and unable to relaxstress n. 紧张；压力；造成紧张的因素great worry caused by a difficult situation, or sth. whichcauses this condition dead end n. 僵局；死巷，死胡同a point beyond which progress or achievement is impossible;a street or passage closed at one end vainly ad. 枉然地；徒劳地uselessly; in vainvain a. 1. 自视甚高的；自负的having too high an opinion of one's looks, abilities, etc.; conceited2. 无用的，无益的，无效的；徒劳的useless or futileerase vt. 擦掉；抹去rub out; remove all traces oflateral a. 横向的；侧面的；向侧面的of, at, towards, or from the side or sideslaterally ad. 横向地；侧面地；旁边地in a lateral direction, sidewayslateral thinking横向思维，水平思考going n. 1. 地面状况the condition of the ground for walking, driving or riding2. 进行情况；进展condition of progressaggressive a. 1. 咄咄逼人的；有进取精神的 2. 好斗的；好争吵的framework n. 1. 参照标准；准则；观点set of principles or ideas used as a basis for one's judgement, decisions, etc. 2. 框架，结构structure giving shape and support vertical a. 纵向的；垂直的straight up and down; at right angles to a horizontal plane vertically ad. 垂直地in a vertical directionsequential a. 相继的；连续的of, forming, or following in (a) sequenceflaw n. 瑕疵；缺点a defect; fault; error structure n. 结构；建筑物；构造物sth. built; anything composed of parts arranged together; wayin which sth. is put together, organized, built, etc. utmost a. 极度的；极高的greatest; highestsignificance n. 重要性；意义，含义importance; meaningsidestep v. 横跨一步避开；回避step aside; avoid by stepping asidehead-on ad. 正面地；迎头向前地in a direct manner; with the head or front first keeper n. 保护人；保管人a person whose job is to look after a particular place or thing parable n. 寓言a brief story used to teach some moral lesson or truthdonkey n. 驴slack a. 不紧的；松弛的not tight or firm; looseflank v. 位于侧面；攻击侧面be located at the side (of); attack the side (of)man(o)euver n. 部队等的调遣；巧计；策略a planned movement of troops or warships; a skillfulmove or clever trick flanking maneuver n. 侧攻策略zen n. 禅；禅宗a japanese form of Buddhism, emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition archer n. 弓箭手a person who shoots with a bow and arrows*bow n. 弓imply vt. 暗示；意味着express indirectly; suggestsideways a. 旁边的；向侧面的to or from a sideaffirm vt. 断言；肯定declare to be true; say firmlyperiod int.（美口）（常用于叙述事实或看法后表示强调）就是这话；就是这么回事cease vt. 终止；停止put an end to; stoptake in 接受；接纳；吸收receive; absorbin effect 实际上in realitytake over 取而代之；取得主导地位take control in place of sth. elsebe hung up on/about 因…而烦心；因…而心神不宁be thinking or worrying too much about wind up (口)(使)结束；以…告终bring or come to an end; end in a specified state or circumstanceend up 结束；结果是wind up; come outpull on 用力拉（某长形物之一端）draw (one end of sth. long) continuously and with force。

新视野大学英语第四册V ocabulary及翻译1.Hundreds of workers sat idle on the factory floor waiting for the assembly line(流水线) to start again.数百名工人被闲置在工厂地板上等待流水线重新开始。

2.To some of our problems there was more than one answer, so we were looking at the students’ reasoningas to how they got it and if they could justify the answer they had.对我们的一些问题有一个以上的答案,所以我们看学生推理他们如何得到它,如果他们能证明他们的答案。

3.Consumers expect to find the brand(品牌) available at a(n) discount and are unpleasantly surprised tofind a higher price.消费者期望发现品牌(品牌)可以在一个(n)的折扣和非常惊讶地发现一个更高的价格。

4.The European Union is made up of 27 nations with distinct (独特的)cultural, linguistic(语言学的) andeconomic roots(根源,根本).欧盟的27个国家组成的具有明显的的文化、语言和经济根源。

5.Police found minute traces of blood on the car seats.警方发现了微量的血在汽车座椅。

6.Despite his promise to eliminate(消除) cronyism(任人唯亲的), he was openly accused of givinggovernment positions to friends and relatives.尽管他承诺消除任人唯亲他被指控向公开政府的职务的朋友和亲戚。

新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worship IV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. D CollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。

新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit3答案Section AVocabularyIII.1. raw2. convicted3. compensation4. notify5. provisions6. receipt7. paste8. altered9. thrive 10. certify Exercises on Web course only:11. donation 12. roast 13. rent 14. champion 15. temptation IV1. up2. to3. down4. of5. out6. into7. for8. on9. through 10. ofV.1. M2. E3. G4. A5. H6. C7.18. K9.0 10. D CollocationVI.1. respect2. degree3. money4. living5. praise6. place7. success8. scholarship9. job 10. reputation Word BuildingVII.1. longish2. animal-like3. selfish4. honey-like5. ball-like6. boyish7. yellowish8. bookishVIII.1. politicians2. technician3. comedian4. musicians5. physicians6. electricians7. beautician8. magician sentence structureIX.1. The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.2. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.3. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.4. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.5. Four people are reported to have been seriously injured in the acci dent.X.1. He tried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any effect.2. I don't regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her.3. The window was broken because I forgot to close it when I left.4. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.5. He welcomed the new student and then went on to explain the col lege regulations.TranslationXI.1. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into theaffair in person.2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which e ntitles you to a discount on goods.4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arri ved three hours later than they hadplanned.5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign we eks later.6. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business isthriving.XII1.据报道这个男子曾在私下说：“许多救济对象在欺骗我们，因此，作为补偿，我们有权让他们对我们点头哈腰。