牛津上海版高三第11讲 虚拟语气

虚拟语气（1）——倒推时态类定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从）2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同）使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现）（如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞）2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体（如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激）3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪（你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了）4.表示适度的责备或批评（如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了）5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福（祝你成功）1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。

If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。

省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。

如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类：1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ；without；Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成任务。

高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结精华(名师总结必考语法知识点，建议下载练习)语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

一、虚拟语气在条件状语句中的应用条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。

真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。

Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。

虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should／would／might／could +动词原形。

如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had + 过去分词，主句的谓语should ／would／might／could + have ＋过去分词。

如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。

虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

May you succeed! 祝您成功!I．简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。

Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？I should be grateful if you would be kind enough to help me.It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。

二、表祝愿。

常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

God bless you! / Heaven help you! 愿上帝保佑你！May you be happy! 祝你快乐！May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

II．状语从句中的虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。

其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

【例题精讲】We _______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. [北京高考题A. are B. were【例题精讲】用括号内词适当形式填空1. If he had played (play) basketball in high school, he would2. If John were my child, I would have encouragedA. will haveB. would haveC. haveD. have had5. If you learned to swim, yousafer in the water.A. will feelB. feltC. would feelD. feel6. It ________ a good match if it .A. would have been... hadn't rainedB. will be. .. hadn't rainedC. would have been... shouldn't rainD. will have been... didn't rain7. IfMother ________ you were coming, she'd have baked some cakes.A. has knownB. will knowC. had knownD. would know8. Peter ________ a rich man today if hemore careful in the past.A. is... had beenB. was. .. wereC. will be... should beD. would be... had been9. If I were to do this work, Iit in my own way.A. would doB. doC. will doD. did10. If the plane crashed, we.A. would all killB. will all be killedC. would all have been killedD. would all be killed11. _______ more carefully, she wouldn't have made so many mistakes.A. If she listenedB. If she listensC. If she has listenedD. Had she listened12. If he had taken my advice, hea scientist now.A. will beB. isC. has beenD. would be13. _______ , we would have visited the museum then.A. If it does not rainB. Should it not rainC. Had it not rainedD. If it has not rained14. Should it stop raining, I _________ for a walk.A. had goneB. wentC. would have goneD. would go15. _______ he try again, he might be successful.A. CouldB. MightC. MustD. Should16. If the teacher hadn't explained it to me, Ithe problem so well.A. would never be understoodB. had never understoodC. would never have understoodD. will never have understood17. —Why didn't you buy that dictionary?—I if I had had enough money.A. wouldB. would haveC. have boughtD. had bought18. If Jane hadn't missed the early train, sheon time, but she was late.A. will arriveB. would arriveC. would have arrivedD. had arrived19. _______ , he would be surprised.A. Were Tom to see youB. Were Tom see youC. If Tom is to see youD. If Tom has seen you20. But for your help, Ithe place.A. can't findB. can't have foundC. couldn't have foundD. haven't found21. _______ I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him.A. UnlessB. WhenC. IfD. Had22. _______ , I wouldn't do that.A. If I am in your placeB. Were I in your placeC. If I have been in your placeD. If I am to be in your place23. _______ , I should paint the room white.A. If I have been youB. If I would be youC. If I will be youD. If I were you24. If you were offered a trip to the moon, you _________ it?A. will... acceptB. are... going to acceptC. do... acceptD. would... accept25. —Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?—I _____________ , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. would haveC. was going toD. B or C （提高题）1.______,we could not have finished the work on time.A.If they do not help usB. Was it not for their helpMy uncle suggested that Ia job in a bank.C. should get They insisted that a meetingas soon as possible.C. must be held【例题精讲】1. “Have you ever been to Beijing?”“No, but I wish I _______”A. haveB. willC. doD. had2. I wish I _____ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. [北京高考题]A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been3. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _______ as well as her. [陕西高考题]A. danceB. will danceC. had dancedD. danced【巩固练习】1. I wish she ________ to see my parents more often.A. has comeB. is comingC. will comeD. would come2. She often wishes that shea horse.A. can rodeB. can rideC. could rodeD. could ride3. How I wish I ________ a university student andat university now!A. am; studyB. were; were studyingC. was; studyD. were; studied4. I wish the train ________ already; then I could have got home before breakfast.A. had arrivedB. arrivesC. would arriveD. arrived5. —Is your father a model worker?—No, but how he wishes he.A. amB. had beenC. wereD. was6. I wish I __________ t o repair the bike, for I only made it worse.A. had triedB. hadn't triedC. triedD. didn't try7. His hair is very long. His parents wish heit cut.A. will haveB. hasC. hadD. would have8. It is too noisy. I wish youdown the radio at once.A. willB. would turnC. are to turnD. can turn9. I wish I __________the meeting last week.A. could attendB. attendedC. have attendedD. had attendedA. goB. wentC. will goD. goes3. I ________ y ou much money, but that Iyou lacked money then.A. could lend... didn't knowB. could have lent.... don't knowC. could have lent... didn't knowD. would have lent... don't know4. Here is a shilling in case youit.A. should needB. might needC. needD. A or B5. ________ there never be another world war!A. CanB. MayC. MustD. Will6. ________ prosperous and strong!A. Let your country becomeB. Hope your country becomeC. May your country becomeD. Your country it becoming7. They must have liked the apartment otherwise theyso long.A. wouldn't have stayedB. wouldn't stayC. didn't stayD. won't stay8. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, heto the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. should comeD. would have come9. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion; otherwise, shesomething she wouldregret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said10. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, or hea goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored（基础题）一．用适当的词填空。

牛津上海版高三英语上情态动词和虚拟语气精讲精练含答案1、考点分析结构图概述 can和could的用法may和might的用法must的用法need和dare的用法情态动词基本用法 shall和should的用法will和would的用法ought to的用法used to的用法had better与would rather的用法must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法其它用法"情态动词+have+done" 结构的含义及用法语气的定义和种类：l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。

What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

如: Open the door, please。

请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。

May you succeed! 祝您成功！2、专题详解一、概述情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为"可能、应当、必要"等等，但本身意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。

除ought, used, have后跟不定式外，其他情态动词一律跟动词原形。

情态动词主要有：can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。

二、基本用法(一) can和could的用法1．表示能力，可译为"能，会"。

英语虚拟语气讲解(高中)一、语气概述语气是动词的又一种形式，通过说话人所说的话体现出说话人对某一个动作或状态所持的态度和看法。

英语中有三种语气：1.陈述语气——用来陈述事实，广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。

现行中学英语教材中，绝大部分句子均属陈述句语气，句中谓语动词有各种时态和语态变化。

2.祈使语气——用来提出请求、要求、发出命令等，只用于祈使句。

3.虚拟语气——用来表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况，即所说内容与事实相反，或者实现的可能性极小，或者是假想虑拟的情况。

如：He is honest.他很诚实。

（陈述语气）Don‘t belate next time.下次别迟到。

（祈使语气）If I were you，I would not go.我要是你，我就不会去。

（虚拟语气）I wish I had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多钱就好了。

（虚拟语气）二、虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个实事，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。

虚拟语气通过动词的形式来表示。

主要用在if条件状语从句中，名词性从句中（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句），也可以出现在简单句中。

如：If you should miss the chance,you would feel sorry for it.（if条件句）如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。

If I were in your position,I would marry her.如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。

（if条件句）If it had not rained so hard yesterday,we could have played tennis.（if条件句）如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。

I insisted that he(should)go with us.我坚持让他和我们一起去。

My suggestion is that we should go there at once.我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。

高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结虚拟语气通常用于表达与现实相反的假设情况。

在非真实条件句中，虚拟语气的形式有两种：与现在事实相反的假设和与过去或将来事实相反的假设。

与现在事实相反的假设通常使用if+主语+助动词的过去式（如were。

did。

had）+动词原形，主句则使用XXX动词原形。

例如：If I had time。

I would XXX。

如果我有时间，我会参加会议。

与过去或将来事实相反的假设则有三种形式：①if+主语+动词过去式；②if+主语+wereto+动词原形；③if+主语+should+动词原形（注意不能是would）。

主句同样使用XXX动词原形。

例如：If you had taken my advice。

you would not have failed in the exam。

如果你听了我的建议，你就不会在考试中失败了。

在错综时间条件句中，动词形式要根据表示时间的状语从句作出相应的调整。

另外，在条件句中可以省略if，把were、had、should提到句首，变成倒装句式。

例如：Were I at school again。

I would study harder。

如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力研究。

Had you arrived earlier。

you would have caught the bus.If it rains tomorrow。

XXX climbing.What would you do with a n dollars?We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.Otherwise。

I would have taken part in the sports meeting.XXX me of your birthday。

or else I would have known nothing about it.A man who s drinking water would be dead in about seven days.I might have been XXX assistance。