Renaissance
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文艺复兴的特点有什么特征文艺复兴是指发生在14世纪到16世纪的一场反映新兴资产阶级要求的欧洲思想文化运动。
下面是店铺给大家整理的文艺复兴的特点简介,希望能帮到大家!文艺复兴的特点1.文艺复兴最为显著的特点——现实与人文。
文艺复兴时期所创作的作品大都围绕着这个主题。
其中包括了人的感观,人的信仰,人的性欲,以及人的世界观。
比如绘画与雕刻,这个时期主要反映世俗生活,把现实生活中的人物形象开始作为主要的题材,代替了中世纪时期呆板的、以《圣经》故事为题材并服务宗教主题的艺术。
人文主义艺术家们打破封建神权,冲破了教会的禁欲主义,打破封建制度对人精神甚至是肉体的封锁。
他们把人与自然相结合,刻画出充满人性的美,并把美的范畴作为一个独立的新概念提出来,使美具有独立的意义。
2.文艺复兴时期艺术技法上的特点,主要体现在以写实传真为首务,开创了基于科学理论和实际考察的表现技法,把解剖学、光学、几何学及透视原理等方面的知识运用于艺术创造之中,对艺术创作技巧的提高做出了巨大贡献。
在风格和技法上也更为注重色彩的协调和自然,不拘一格。
在建筑艺术方面,它以恢复古典建筑传统为首任,同时着重探讨建筑美感的.理性法则。
文艺复兴的简介文艺复兴(Renaissance)是指发生在14世纪到16世纪的一场反映新兴资产阶级要求的欧洲思想文化运动。
“文艺复兴”的概念在14-17世纪时已被意大利的人文主义作家和学者所使用。
当时的人们认为,文艺在希腊、罗马古典时代曾高度繁荣,但在中世纪“黑暗时代”却衰败湮没,直到14世纪后才获得“再生”与“复兴”,因此称为“文艺复兴”。
文艺复兴最先在意大利各城市兴起,以后扩展到西欧各国,于16世纪达到顶峰,带来一段科学与艺术革命时期,揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕,被认为是中古时代和近代的分界。
文艺复兴是西欧近代三大思想解放运动(文艺复兴、宗教改革与启蒙运动)之一。
11世纪后,随着经济的复苏与发展、城市的兴起与生活水平的提高,人们逐渐改变了以往对现实生活的悲观绝望态度,开始追求世俗人生的乐趣,而这些倾向是与天主教的主张相违背的。
Renaissance 文艺复兴※Renaissance means “rebirth” and refers to a period in the development of Western art and culture beginning in 1300 and ending in 1600. It was a time of rediscovery, ambition and change, dominated by a number of trends and contradictions. It is usually associated with Italy, in particular Florence, Venice and Rome, but Northern Europe also contributed to the Renaissance, particularly in the development of Naturalism.文艺复兴意为重生,源自公元1300年和1600年之间西方艺术和文化大发展时期。
这是一个重新发现、渴求和变革的时期,漫溢着无数潮流和矛盾,通常认为与意大利,尤其是翡冷翠,威尼斯和罗马息息相关,但北欧对于文艺复兴,特别是自然主义的贡献也不可小觑。
※KEY WORDS:Order; symmetry; perspective; classical; space; movement 关键词:秩序;对称性;透视;古典;空间;动感※The Renaissance witnessed a ”rebirth” of interest in the classical past in which individuals, rather than academic institutions, took the lead. The study of ancient Greece and Rome was central to Renaissance Humanism. This is a broad, philosophical trend in which questions abouthuman relationships (social, religious and political) are answered by the use of reason and reflection on experience, rather than by reference to spiritual authorities. The central, immensely ambitious, and ultimately self-contradictory project of the Renaissance was the synthesis of Classical, or Humanist, values with Christianity. Giorgio Vasari, author of the Lives of the most Excellent Italian artists, Painters and Sculptors (1550 and 1568) thought that Renaissance artists had excelled the Classical past because they had achieved this union.文艺复兴见证了过往古典主义审美意趣的再生,彼时个体相对于学院派的研究更具领导地位。
声明:欧洲文艺复兴时期美术是整个外国美术史的最重点,是将来考试最经常涉及的一个范围,也是将来研究生考试(西方史论方面)的一个重点。
请同学们务必牢固掌握这一章的内容。
综述:文艺复兴(Renaissance)是指14世纪到16世纪西欧与中欧国家在文化思想发展中的一个时期。
正是在这个时期,欧洲的各大国家日益强大,宗教思想和行为都发生了变化。
“文艺复兴”的原意就是“在古典规范的影响下,艺术和文学的复兴”。
文艺复兴的思想基础就是关怀人,尊重人,以人为本位的世界观。
这个世界观是在14世纪通过一系列科学家、思想家和文学家重新对古代文化的发掘而得以建立的。
当时的人们从古文献中发现了对自然和人体价值的重视,使他们对人和自然做出了新的评价。
实际上,文艺复兴作为欧洲历史上的一个伟大转折点,其含义还要宽广得多。
在经历了封建教会势力的一千年统治后,人们开始挣脱精神上的奴役,被禁锢多年的古典文化又引起人们的重视,并成为驱散中世纪的黑暗,建立新型的资产阶级文化的重要武器。
资本主义生产方式的出现,不仅动摇了中世纪的社会基础,也确立了个人的价值,肯定了现实生活的积极意义,促进了世俗文化的发展,并在这个基础上形成了与宗教神权文化相对立的思想体系——人文主义(人文主义,Humanism,是一种哲学理论和一种世界观。
人文主义以人,尤其是个人的兴趣、价值观和尊严作为出发点。
对人文主义来说,人与人之间的容忍、无暴力和思想自由是人与人之间相处最重要的原则,在欧洲历史和哲学史中,人文主义主要被用来描述14到16世纪间较中世纪比较先进的思想。
一般来说今天历史学家将这段时间里文化和社会上的变化称为文艺复兴,而将教育上的变化运动称为人文主义)。
人文主义肯定人是生活的创造者和主人,他们要求文学艺术表现人的思想和感情,科学为人生谋福利,教育发展人的个性,即要求把思想、感情、智慧都从神学的束缚中解放出来。
因此,人文主义的学者和艺术家提倡人性以反对神性,提倡人权以反对神权,提倡个性自由以反对人身依附。
发现的近古时代——文艺复兴时期的文艺理论一、“文艺复兴”概述“文艺复兴”(Renaissance):指1350-1600二百余年间的文化境况,它是西方由中世纪的神学文化过渡到近代的人文主义文化的关键时期。
“文艺复兴”一词最早是意大利艺术家瓦萨里(Giorgio Vasari,1511~1574) 1550年在其《意大利绘画、雕刻和著名建筑家列传》中提出。
托古创新的“文艺复兴”文艺复兴与人文主义人文主义(humanism)是1808年由德国教育家尼特哈麦(F. J. Niethammer)用德文humanismus 杜撰的,后来由乔治·伏格伊特在《古代经典的复活》(又名《人文主义的第一个世纪》,1859)中首用于文艺复兴。
1860年,瑞士学者布克哈特(Jacob Burckhardt,1818~1897)在《意大利文艺复兴时期的文化》一书出版,确立了文艺复兴与人文主义的同一性。
佛罗伦萨是文艺复兴的发祥地。
但丁是第一个探索自己灵魂的人,他开了意大利文艺复兴的先河。
14世纪的彼特拉克(1304-1374)和薄伽丘(1313-1375),继承了但丁的文学传统,并且进一步开拓,前者以其辉煌的诗歌创作,被称为“诗圣”,后者则创作了堪与但丁《神曲》相媲美的“人曲”——《十日谈》。
如果说但丁主要是总结了过去,那么彼特拉克则展示了未来,其作品更具人文主义的内涵,他们堪称真正意义上的近代作家,他们代表了文艺复兴的最早阶段。
学者与文献层面1453年东罗马帝国灭亡,大批学者逃往意大利。
古希腊典籍、文物出土。
“古典学术的再生”、“人文精神的复活”。
“这是一个发现的时代。
”人文主义、文艺复兴、宗教改革、地理大发现,还有这一时期刚刚复活而在下一世纪得以巨大发展的精密实验科学,构成了200多年近古时代的主要内容。
布克哈特在《意大利文艺复兴时期的文化》中说,这是一个发现的时代,即人的发现和世界的发现。
这又是一个冒险的时代,即向各个领域发动前所未有的探索。
Renaissance
The Renaissance originated from Italy in 14th century and flowered in Europe in 16th century. Actually, Renaissance really started in Florence and spread to other city like Milan and Rome. The Renaissance was the first great edification and most great and progressed revolution which people never experienced. It was period of wisdom and passion that born many giants in varied areas such as poetry, literature, painting, astronomy, drama and so on. At the same time, Renaissance was a cultural revolution against the feudal ideas which leaded by the asset class. The main idea of the Renaissance was humanism spirit. They advocated human nature and opposed divine nature. They encouraged people pursuing their own happiness and chasing the liberation of human nature.
The western drama came to unprecedented prosperity in the period of Renaissance. There was a great, distinguished and outstanding English dramatist we couldn't ignore– Shakespeare. William Shakespeare was born in April 1564 and died in April 1616. He was a gifted dramatist and poet. Many of his masterpieces were adopted into films, which known to us are The Rome and Juliet, Hamlet and so on. He was a great and respected poet and dramatist in his life, but his reputation did not rise to its present height until the 19th century. In the 20th century, his work was adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His comedy was full of joy and sunshine, reflected the humanist desire for a new life while his tragedy showed contradictory between humanism and British reality conflict. All of his works has great change to the European culture. He represented the highest achievement of literature in the European Renaissance period. Shakespeare does not belong to an era, but belong to all the centuries.
Many great arts were also produced in the Renaissance times. Leonardo Da Vinci was one of these. Da Vinci was born in April 15, 1452 in Italy. He succeeds in art, science, and engineer. He was one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance. Although he was not highly thought in his time, he had many great works which had great influence on European thought culture. Mona Lisa is a prestigious portrait masterpiece by him. It represented the highest artist achievements of Leonardo Da Vinci and successfully shaped the city during the rise of capitalism perquisite of the image of women. Another great masterpiece of him is The Last Supper that is a famous story about Jesus Chris. It's the most influential in European culture. In all, his artist practice and scientific curiosity for generations have had a significant and far-reaching impact.
The Renaissance period is very important to European culture, especially religion. Among all the religious, Christianity is the most influential in Europe. Christians have strong faith in the Bible, which is a collection of religious writings consisting of two parts, the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Bible has a great influence European culture even in the whole world's history because of the control by the church in that time. The Old Testament is about God and the laws of God while the new testament is the doctrine of Jesus Christ. In a sense, the Bible has lots of influences in the growth of the human race in the world's history, especially in
Europe.
The Renaissance was a time of awakening for the world. From the beginning, the Renaissance was just considered recollected the classical culture. Actually, it was not truly, but established the new system of culture by taking criticism of the culture that was not suitable for men. What's more, Renaissance is a profound and far-reaching cultural movement, which happened in the transitional period from the middle age to modern times. It also a beginning time to widespread knowledge and an end to ignorance. Renaissance period was thought to be and end of the darkness.。