20165.002_presentation_eTail_China_Chris_Stevens

关于presentation英文作文英文：When it comes to giving a presentation, I believe that preparation is key. I always make sure to thoroughly research my topic and organize my thoughts before I even start creating the slides. This helps me to feel confident and knowledgeable when I am speaking to my audience.In addition to preparing the content, I also pay close attention to my delivery. I try to speak clearly and at a good pace, and I make sure to maintain eye contact with the audience. I find that using gestures and varying my tone of voice can also help to keep the audience engaged.Another important aspect of a successful presentationis the visual aids. I like to use slides to support my points, but I make sure they are not too crowded with text.I also try to include images or graphics that can help to illustrate my ideas.Lastly, I always make time for a thorough rehearsal. This helps me to iron out any kinks in my delivery and make sure that I am within the time limit. It also helps me to anticipate any questions that I might receive from the audience.Overall, I believe that a successful presentation is a combination of thorough preparation, engaging delivery, and thoughtful visual aids.中文：谈到做演讲，我觉得准备是关键。

DigitalinequalityinprovincialChina（中国信息化的空间不平等）Featured graphicsDigital inequality in provincialChinaHaimeng Liu,Chuanglin Fang and Siao SunInstitute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,ChineseAcademy of Sciences,China;College of Resources and Environment,Universityof the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China AbstractThe rapid spread of information and communications technologies is accelerating the development of our economy and society.While information and communications technologies have become an important development tool that reshapes many aspects of the world’s activities,digital inequality emerges on a worldwide scale due to difference in access to and use of information and communications technologies.Digital inequality,which is a new phenomenon in the current information era,will widen the gap between developed and developing countries/regions.China has witnessed rapid informationization along with its booming economic growth over the past decade.However,digital inequality,as an important aspect of social inequalities in China,has received only scant attention currently.Based on the technique of cartogram,Figures display provincial information and communications technologies development index (IDI)values in 2010and 2015in China,exhibiting high inequality.Regions of the highest information and communications technologies levels are distributed along China’s eastern coast.On the contrary,the provinces in the west present very low information and communications technologies levels.The coefficient of variation of IDI values dropped from 0.30to 0.18,indicating declining digital inequality in China.A causal bidirectional relation probably exists between the economic development and information and communications technologies levels.KeywordsDigital inequality,China,information and communications technologiesThe rapid spread of information and communications technologies (ICT)is accelerating the development of our economy and society.While ICT have become an important development tool that reshapes many aspects of the world’s activities,digital inequality emerges on a worldwide scale due to di?erence in access to and use of ICT (Torres-Albero et al.,2014).Digital inequality,which is a new phenomenon in the current information era,will widen the gap between developed and developing countries/regions.China has witnessed rapid informationization along with its booming economic growth over the past decade.In 2016,the number of internet users has reached 731million,making the Corresponding author:Chuanglin Fang,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy ofSciences,Beijing,China.Email:fangcl@/doc/d4534416.htmlEnvironment and Planning A 0(0)1–4!The Author(s)2017Reprints and permissions:/doc/d4534416.html /journalsPermissions.nav DOI:10.1177//doc/d4534416.html/home/epninternet penetration rate 53.2%,and the number of mobile phone users is 695million.However,digital inequality,as an important aspect of social inequalities in China,has received only scant attention currently.An ICT development index (IDI)is developed in order to assess the informationization levels in varied provinces inChina,referring Measuring the Information Society Report 2016(ITU,2016)and China’s informationization development annual report (MIIT,2016).This index system includes 10indicators (i.e.internet penetration,international internet bandwidth,mobile broadband penetration,computer penetration,mobile telephone penetration,e-commerce ratio,e-government ratio,mean years of schooling,tertiary Figure 1.Digital inequality and economic inequality in provincial China.Areas are shaded by their size on the cartogram.The bottom-left graph provides an original map for the purpose of comparison.2Environment and Planning A 0(0)Liu et al.3 enrolment ratio,and ratio of apply for a patent),which characterize three dimensions of ICT (i.e.access,use and bene?ts).All the indicators are normalized and their weights are set the same to compute IDI.Based on the technique of cartogram,Figure1(a)and(b)displays provincial IDI values in 2010and2015in China.Both?gures exhibit high inequality.Regions of the highest ICT levels are distributed along China’s eastern coast.By adjusting the size of each region according to the IDI value,the sizes of Beijing,Tianjin,and Shanghai extend far beyond their actual areas.On the contrary,the provinces in the west present very low ICT levels. Albeit little change shown in the overall spatial pattern of IDI values between2010and2015 based on visual inspection,the coe?cient of variation of IDI values dropped from0.30to0.18,indicating declining digital inequality in China.This can probably be explained by the rapid expansion of mobile internet(Loo and Ngan,2012)and the endeavors towards more a?ordable access to ICT made by local governments in central and western China.For instance,the government of Sichuan has implemented e?ective policies to encourage information infrastructure construction and public and private investment in big data, cloud computing,e-commerce,etc.As a result,the IDI value in Sichuan has increased from43.77in2010to74.93in2015.Digital inequality is closely correlated with unequal economic development(Guille n and Sua rez,2005).The cartograms of GDP per capita in2010and2015are also presented for comparison(Figure1(c)and(d)).The spatial pattern of GDP per capita is similar to that of IDI.The economic disparity in provincial China also presents a narrowing trend,with the coe?cient of variation of the GDP per capita dropping from0.51to0.43.A causal bidirectional relation probably exists between the economic development and ICT levels: in less developed regions,access to ICT is low because ICT infrastructures are usually lacking;In turn,with less ICT access,poorer regions are not able to fully participate in an increasingly digital-based economy,which will further widen the gap between them and developed regions.However,a closer investigation is necessary to enable comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between economy and digital inequality,based on which,e?ective policies can possibly be made in order to address social inequality and promote shared prosperity. Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s)declared no potential con F icts of interest with respect to the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article.FundingThe author(s)disclosed receipt of the following?nancial support for the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article:The research is sponsored by a Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41590842). SoftwareArcGIS10.2and Cartogram Geoprocessing Tool(/doc/d4534416.html/details.asp?dbid?15638).ReferencesITU(2016)Measuring the information society report2016.Available at:www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2016/MISR2016-w4.pdf(accessed28March2017).4Environment and Planning A0(0) Guille n MF and Sua rez SL(2005)Explaining the global digital divide:Economic,political and sociological drivers of cross-national internet use.Social Forces84:681–708.Loo BP and Ngan Y(2012)Developing mobile telecommunications to narrow digital divide in developing countries?Some lessons from China.Telecommunications Policy36:888–900.MIIT(2016)China’s informationization development annual report.Available at:/doc/d4534416.html/ n1146290/n1146402/n1146445/c4838381/content.html(accessed28March2017).Torres-Albero C,Robles JM and Marco SD(2014)Inequalities in the Information and Knowledge Society:From the Digital Divide to Digital Inequality.London:Springer.。

关于汉字文化讲座的电子邮件格式英语作文Subject: Invitation to a Fascinating Lecture on Chinese Characters!Dear [Name of the Recipient],I hope this email finds you in good health and high spirits. My name is [Your Name], and I am writing to invite you to an exciting lecture about Chinese characters, which will be held at [Location] on [Date] at [Time]. This lecture is specially designed for young learners like you, and it promises to be an engaging and informative experience!Chinese characters, also known as Hanzi, are an essential part of Chinese culture and history. They are not just letters; each character carries a unique meaning and reflects the rich heritage of the Chinese people. In the upcoming lecture, you will have the opportunity to dive into the fascinating world of Chinese characters and discover their hidden stories.During the lecture, you will learn about the origins of Chinese characters, how they are written, and the different strokes used to create them. You will also discover the importance of calligraphy in Chinese culture, as well as the artistic beauty that lies within each stroke. Our knowledgeablespeaker will guide you through various interactive activities, such as writing your name in Chinese characters and decoding ancient Chinese texts. It will be an incredible chance to explore the depth and beauty of this ancient writing system.Not only will you gain a deeper understanding of Chinese characters, but you will also develop an appreciation for the Chinese culture and its rich history. Learning about different languages and cultures broadens our horizons and helps us become more tolerant and respectful individuals.The lecture will be conducted in English, so don't worry about any language barriers. All you need to bring is your enthusiasm and curiosity! It will be a fun-filled event with plenty of opportunities for you to ask questions and participate in hands-on activities.To reserve your seat, please reply to this email with your name and the number of guests attending with you. Spaces are limited, so make sure to secure your spot as soon as possible. Feel free to invite your friends and classmates as well! The more, the merrier!Remember, the lecture on Chinese characters will take place at [Location] on [Date] at [Time]. Don't miss out on this fantasticopportunity to explore the mesmerizing world of Chinese characters!If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to contact us at [Contact Information]. We look forward to welcoming you to the lecture and sharing this enlightening experience with you!Best regards,[Your Name][Your Email Address][Your Phone Number]。

感知中国的汇报活动英语作文Perceiving China: A Report on the Activity。

Introduction:China, a country with a rich history and vibrant culture, has always fascinated people from around the world. As part of the "Perceiving China" initiative, an activity was organized to provide a deeper understanding and appreciation of China's diverse aspects. This report aims to summarize the key highlights and insights gained from the activity.1. Historical Exploration:The activity commenced with a visit to the Great Wall of China, one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. Stretching over 13,000 miles, it symbolizes China's resilience and determination throughout history. Walking along the ancient wall, participants were in awe of the architectural marvel and the breathtaking views it offered.2. Cultural Immersion:To truly understand China, participants were immersed in its rich culture. They visited the Forbidden City, a magnificent palace complex that served as the imperial residence for centuries. The intricate architecture, vibrant colors, and historical artifacts showcased the grandeur and opulence of ancient Chinese dynasties.Furthermore, participants experienced traditional Chinese arts, such as calligraphy and painting. They were introduced to the delicate brush strokes and learned to appreciate the beauty and precision behind these art forms. This hands-on experience allowed them to connect with the essence of Chinese culture.3. Culinary Delights:No exploration of China would be complete without indulging in its diverse cuisine. Participants were treated to a variety of regional dishes, each offering a unique blend of flavors and ingredients. From the fiery spices of Sichuan cuisine to the delicate flavors ofCantonese dim sum, the culinary journey was a true feast for the senses. Through these gastronomic experiences, participants discovered the importance of food in Chinese culture and its role in bringing people together.4. Technological Advancements:China's rapid technological advancements were also a focal point of the activity. Participants visited the futuristic city of Shenzhen, often referred to as the "Silicon Valley of China." They witnessed firsthand the innovative developments in areas such as artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and renewable energy. This exposure highlighted China's commitment to technological progress and its potential to shape the future.5. Environmental Consciousness:China's dedication to environmental sustainability was another significant aspect explored during the activity. Participants visited the Li River in Guilin, renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and pristine natural beauty. They learned about China's efforts to preserve its natural resources and promote eco-tourism. This experience left a lasting impression on the participants, emphasizing the importance of environmental conservation.Conclusion:The "Perceiving China" activity provided a comprehensive and immersive experience, enabling participants to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of China's history, culture, culinary traditions, technological advancements, and environmental consciousness. By exploring these diverse aspects, participants were able to perceive China in a holistic manner, breaking stereotypes and fostering a greater appreciation for this remarkable country. This activity served as a bridge between cultures, promoting dialogue and understanding, and paving the way for future collaborations and exchanges.。

1CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LIST ENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDAcceptance Testing验收测试 Access Control访问控制 Access Path访问路径 Access Rights访问权限 Address地址 Administrative Controls管理控制 Adware广告软件 Alternative Routing替换路由 Analogue, analog模拟 Anonymous File Transfer Protocol (FTP)匿名文件传输协议 Anti-Virus Software防病毒软件 Application Controls应用控制 Application Layer应用层 Application Program应用程序 Application Programmer应用程序开发人员 Application Service Provider (ASP)应用服务供应商 Application Tracing and Mapping程序跟踪和映射 Artificial Intelligence (AI)人工智能 Asymmetric Key (Public Key)非对称式密钥 (公开密钥) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)异步传输模式 Asynchronous Transmission异步传输 Attenuation衰减 Attribute Sampling属性抽样 Audit Objective 审计目标2CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDAudit Evidence审计证据 Audit Program审计程序 Audit Risk审计风险 Audit Trail审计轨迹 Authentication身份认证 Authorization授权 Automated Teller Machine (ATM)自动提款机 Backbone主干网 Backup备份 Badge徽章 Balanced scorecard平衡计分卡 Bandwidth带宽 Bar Code条形码 Baseband基频 Baseline基准指标 Bastion Host防御主机 Batch Control批量控制 Batch Processing批处理 Baud波特 Benchmark基准指标 Binary Code二进制码 Biometric Locks生物锁 Biometrics生物特征 Black Box Testing 黑箱测试3CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDBlade Server刀片服务器 Bridge桥接器 Broadband宽频（带） Browser浏览器 Browser Cache浏览器缓存 Brute Force Attack穷举攻击 Buffer缓冲器 Buffer Capacity缓冲器换 Business Continuity Plan业务持续计划 Business Impact Analysis (BIA)业务影响分析 Business Process Re-engineering (BPR)业务流程再造 Business Resumption Plan业务恢复计划 Business Risk企业风险 Business Unit业务部门 Bypass Label Processing (BLP)逃避内标检查 Capability能力 Capacity Stress Testing容量压力测试 Card Key卡式钥匙 Card Swipes卡片识别 Centralized Processing Unit (CPU)中央处理器 Centralized Data Processing集中式数据处理 Central communication processor中央通讯处理器 Certification authority认证机构 Certification Authority (CA) 认证机构（CA ）4CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDCertification Revocation List (CRL)证书撤消清单（CRL ） Challenge/Response Token提问／回答 令牌 Chain of Custody监管链 Change Control Log变更控制日志 Check Digit 校验数字位Check Digit Verification (self-checking digit) 校验数字位测试 Checklist 检查清单Checkpoint Restart Procedures 检查点重新激活程序Check-sum technique 校验和技术Chief Information Office (CIO) 首席信息技术总裁Ciphertext 密文Circuit-switched Network 电路交换网络Circular Routing 循环路由Client/Server 客户机／服务器Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) 闭路电视Cluster Controller 集群控制器Coaxial Cable 同轴电缆Cold Site 冷备援中心Common Gateway Interface (CGI)通用网关接口 Communications Controller通讯控制器 Compensating Control补偿性控制 Compiler编译器 Completeness Check完整性检查 Compliance Tests符合性检测 Comprehensive Audit 全面审计5CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDComputer Aided Software Engineering (CASE)计算机辅助软件工程 Computer Assisted Audit Technique (CAAT)计算机辅助审计技术 Computer forensics计算机取证 Computer fraud计算机欺诈 Computer Sequence Checking计算机序列检验 Computer virus计算机病毒 Concentrator集线器 Confidentiality机密性 Console Log主机控制台日志 Contingency Plan持续计划 Continuous Auditing Approach连续的审计方式 Control控制 Control Risk控制风险 Cookies饼干 Core Dumps软件错误导致内存信息存储到硬盘 Corporate Governance公司治理 Corrective Control改正性控制 Cost-effective controls有成本效益的控制 Critical Path Method (CPM)关键路径法 Cyclic redundancy checks循环冗余检测 Data Center数据中心 Data Custodian数据保管员 Data Dictionary数据字典 Data Diddling 数据欺骗6CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDData Encryption Standard (DES)数据加密标准 Data Flow数据流程 Data Leakage数据泄露 Data mirroring数据镜像 Data Oriented Systems Development面向数据的系统开发 Data Owner数据所有者 Data Repository数据储存库 Data Structure数据结构 Database数据库 Database Administrator (DBA)数据库管理员 Database Management Systems (DBMS)数据库管理系统 Database Replication数据库复制 Database Specifications数据库规格说明 Deadman door双门安全系统 Decentralization分布式处理 Decision Support Systems (DSS)决策支持系统 Decryption译码 Decryption Key译码密钥 Degauss消磁 Demilitarized zone解除军事管制区域 Demodulation解调 Denial of Service Attack拒绝服务攻击 Detection Risk检测风险 Detective Control检查风险 Dial-up 拨号7CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDDigest摘要 Digital certificate数字证书 Digital Signature数字签名 Direct Inward Systems Access (DISA)直接呼入系统 Disaster recovery plan灾难恢复计划 Discovery Sampling发现取样 Diskless Workstations无磁盘工作站 Distributed Data Processing Network分布式数据处理网络 Domain name server域名服务器 Down Time Report故障报告 Download下载 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems干管自动喷水灭火系统 Dry-pipe Fire Extinguisher System密闭干式洒水系统 Due diligence尽责调查 Duplex Routing复式路由 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP)动态主机配置协议 Eavesdropping窃听 Echo Checks回送检查 eCommerce电子商务 Edit Controls编辑控制 Editing编辑 Electronic Cash电子现金 Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)电子资金转移 E-mail 电子邮件8CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDEmbedded Audit Modules嵌入审计模块 Encapsulation封装 Encapsulation (objects)封装 (对象) Encryption加密 Encryption Key密匙 End User Computing最终用户计算机应用 End-user最终用户 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)企业资源规划软件 Enterprise Risk Management企业风险管理 Environmental Control环境的控制 Escrow agent第三方保存代理 Escrow agreements第三方保存协议 Ethernet以太网络 Exception Reports异常报告 Executable Code可执行代码 Expected Error Occurrence预期出错发生率 Exposure暴露（风险） eXtensible Markup Language可扩展标记语言 Fallback procedures复原程序 False Authorization假授权 False Enrollment假登记 Fault-tolerant容错 Feasibility Study可行性分析 Fiber Optic Cable光纤传输线路（光缆） Fiber Optics 光纤9CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDFile文件 File Allocation Table (FAT)文件分配表（FAT ） File Layout文件结构 File Server文件服务器 Filter过滤 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)文件传输协议 Financial Audit财务审计 Firewall防火墙 Firmware固件 Forensic取证 Format Checking格式检验 Frame Relay assemble/disassembly(FRAD) device帧中继组装/分解（FRAD ）设备 Frame-relay帧中继 Fraud Risk舞弊风险 Full Duplex全双工传输 Function Point Analysis功能指数分析 GANTT Chart甘特图 Gap Analysis缺口分析 Gateway网络网关 Governance管理控制 Generalized Audit Software通用审计软件 Hacker黑客 Hacking黑客攻击 Half Duplex 半双工10CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDHandprint Scanner指纹扫瞄器 Hardening (the operating system)加固（操作系统） Hardware硬件 Hash Totals散列总计 Help Desk客户服务部门 Heuristic Filter启发式过滤程序 Hexadecimal十六进制 Hierarchical Database层次型数据库 Honeypot蜜罐 Host主机 Hot-site热备援中心 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)超文本链接标示语言 Image Processing图像处理 Incident事故 Incremental testing逐步递增的测试 Independence独立性 Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM)索引顺序访问方法 Indexed Sequential File索引顺序文件 Inference engine推理引擎 Information Processing Facility (IPF)信息处理场所 Information Technology (IT)信息技术 Inherent Risk固有风险 Inheritance (objects)继承(对象) Initial Program Load (IPL)启动程序加载 Input controls 输入控制11CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDIntegrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)综合服务数字网 Integrated Test Facility (ITF)整合性测试设施 Integrity完整性检查 Interface Testing接口测试 Interface界面 Internal control内部控制 Internal Storage内部储存器 Internet互联网 Internet Packet (IP) Spoofing网址欺骗法 Internet Protocol互联网协议 Internet Service Provide (ISP)互联网服务提供商 Interval Sampling间隔取样法 Intranet内联网 Intruder detection system入侵者检测系统 Intrusion入侵 Irregularities不规则行为 Issues Management问题管理 IT balanced scorecardIT 平衡计分卡 IT governanceIT 治理 IT infrastructureIT 基础设施 Judgment Sampling鉴定取样 Judgmental Sample鉴定样本 Knowledge management知识管理 Leased Lines租用线路 （专线) Librarian 程序包管理员12CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDLimit Check极限检查 Link Editor (Linkage Editor)链接编辑器 Literals文字 Local Area Network (LAN)局域网 Log日志 Logic bombs逻辑炸弹 Logical Access逻辑访问 Logical Access Controls逻辑访问控制 Logical access right逻辑访问权限 Logoff退出登录 Logon登录 Magnetic Card Reader磁卡机读取机 Malware恶意软件 Mapping绘制关系图 Masking掩码 Master File主文件 Materiality重要性 Maximum Tolerable Outages (MTOs)最大可容许的运行中断 Maturity models成熟度模型 Mean-time Between Failures (MTBF)平均故障间隔时间 Media Access Control (MAC)介质访问控制（MAC ） Memory Dump记忆数据导出 Message Switching消息交换 Metadata元数据 Meta-tags 元数据标识13CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDMetering Software测量软件 Microwave Transmission微波传送 Middleware中间件 Mission-critical application关键任务应用程序 Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)调制解调器 Modulation调制 Monetary Unit Sampling货币单元采样 Multiplexing多任务法 Multiplexor多任务器 Multiprocessing多处理 Network网络 Network Administrator网络管理人员 Network Address Translation (NAT)网络地址转换（NAT ） Network Hubs网络集线器 Network Protocol网络协议 Network Topology网络拓扑 Node节点 Noise噪声 Nondisclosure agreements保密协议 Non-repudiation不可否认性 Normalization正规化 Numeric Check数值字段检查 Object Code目标代码 Objectivity客观性 Object-oriented 面向对象的14CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDOff-site Storage异地储存 On-line在线 Online Data Processing在线数据处理 Open Systems开放式系统 Operating System操作系统 Operational Audit操作审计 Operational Control操作控制 Operator Console操作员主控台 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)光学字符识别 Optical Scanner光学扫瞄器 Output Analyzer输出分析仪 Outbound data transmission向外去的数据传输 Outsourcing外包 Packet数据包 Packet assembly/disassembly (PAD)device数据包组装/分解（PAD ）设备 Packet Switching数据包交换 Parallel Simulation并行模拟 Parallel Testing并行测试 Parity Check奇偶校验 Partitioned File分割文件 Passive Assault被动式攻击 Password密码 Patch management修补程序管理 Payroll system 工资系统15CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDPBX (Private branch exchange)专用分组交换机 Performance measurement绩效衡量 Performance Testing性能测试 Peripherals外围设备 Phishing网络钓鱼 Piggy-backing骑肩跟入法（跟随经授权的人员进入管制区域）PIN (Personal Identification Number)个人识别码 Plaintext明文 Platform for Internet Content Selection(PICS)因特网内容选择平台 Point Of Sales Systems (POS)销售终端系统 Polymorphism (objects)多态性 Port端口 Posting计账 Preventive Control预防性控制 Private Key Cryptosystems秘人密钥型加密系统 Privilege Mode特权模式 Production Programs生产程序 Production Software生产软件 Program Change Request (PCR)程序变更请求 Program Flowcharts程序流程图 Program Narratives程序叙述 Project Management项目管理 Project portfolio项目组合 Protocol 通讯协议16CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDProtocol Converter通讯协议转换器 Prototyping原型 Proxy Server代理服务器 Public Key Cryptosystem公开密钥型密码系统 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)公共密钥基础结构（PKI ） Public Switch Network (PSN)公共交换网络 Queue队列 Quality assurance质量保证 Random Access Memory (RAM)随机访问内存 Range Check范围检查 Real-time实时 Real-time Processing实时处理 Reasonable Assurance合理的保证 Reasonableness Check合理性检查 Reciprocal Agreement互惠协议 Reconciliation对账 Record记录 Recovery Point Objective (RPO)恢复点目标 Recovery Testing恢复测试 Redundancy冗余 Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列 Redundancy Check冗余检查 Reel Backup卷轴备份 Re-engineering 再工程17CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDReferential integrity参考完整性 Registration Authority (RA)注册机构（RA ） Regression Testing回归测试 Remote access service (RAS)远程接入服务 Remote Job Entry (RJE)远程作业输入 Remote Log-on远程登陆 Replication复制 Repository贮存库 Request for Proposal (RFP)要求建议书 Requirements Definition需求定义 Residual Risk残余风险 Reverse Engineering反向工程 Return on investment (ROI)投资回报率（ROI ） Risk风险 Risk Ranking风险等级 Rounding Down去尾法 Router路由器 RSARSA 加密系统 Run-to-run Totals运行到运行的汇总 Salami Technique色拉米技术 (腊肠术) (一种计算机舞弊方法) Scanning扫描 Scheduling日程计划安排 Scope creep( 项目）范围偏离 Screened subnet扫描的子网 Screening Routers 用于扫描的路由器18CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDSecure Sockets Layer (SSL)安全套接字层 Security Administrator安全管理员 Security Software安全软件 Security Testing安全测试 Segregation of Duties职责分离 Sensitive敏感 Separation of Duties职责分离 Sequence Check顺序检查 Sequential File顺序文件 Service Bureau服务中心 Service Level Agreement (SLA)服务等级协议 Service Set Identifier – SSID服务集标识符 – SSID Set services set identifiers (SSIDS)设置服务集标识符（SSIDS ） Shield Twisted Cable屏蔽的绞线电缆 Single sign-on process单一登陆 Simple object access protocol (SOAP)简单对象访问协议（SOAP ） Slack time宽放时间 Smart Card智能卡 Sniffing嗅探 Source Code源代码 Source Code Compare Programs源代码比较程序 Source Documents原始文件(凭证) Sockets套接字 Software软件 Spam 垃圾邮件19CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDSpoofing冒充 Spoofing program 冒充程序Spyware间谍软件 Spool (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations Online)假脱机系统（外围同时联机操作） Spooling program假脱机程序 Standard标准 Statistical Sampling (SP)统计抽样 Steering Committee指导委员会 Stop or Go Sampling停止或继续采样 Storage Area Network存储区域网络 Strategic Alignment战略(上)的一致 Stripped disk array被剥离的磁盘数组 Structured Programming结构化程序设计 Structured Query Language (SQL)结构化查询语言 Substantive Test实质性测试 Substantive Testing实质性测试 Succession planning接班计划 Surge protector浪涌电压保护器 Surge Suppressor电涌抑制器 Symmetric Key Encryption对称式密钥加密法 Synchronous同步的 Synchronous Data Link同步数据连接 Synchronous Transmission同步传输 System Flowcharts 系统流程图20CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDSystem Initialization log系统初始化日志 System Software系统软件 System Testing系统测试 Systems Analysis系统分析 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)系统研制周期 Table Look-ups表格检查 Tape library磁带库 Tape Management System (TMS)磁带管理系统 TCP-IP Protocol传输控制协议 Telecommunications电子通讯 Telecommunications Network电信网 Teleprocessing远程处理 Televaulting电子保险箱 Template模板 Terminal终端设备 Test Data测试数据 Test Generators测试生成器 Test Programs测试程序 Thin client architecture精简客户架构 Third Party Reviews第三方审查 Throughput吞吐量 Throughput index吞吐量索引 Time Bomb定时炸弹 Token 令牌21CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDTransaction交易 Transaction Log交易日志记录 Transmission Control Protocol传输控制协议 Transport Layer Security (TLS)传输层安全 （协议） Trap Door陷阱门 Trigger (database)触发器（数据库） Trojan Horse特洛伊木马 Trunks中继线 Tunneling通道 Twisted Pairs Cable双绞线电缆 Twisted Pairs双绞线 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)不断电源 Unit Testing单元测试 Uploading上传 User Service Levels用户服务等级 Utility Programs统用程序 Utility script统用脚本 Vaccine免疫程序 Validity Check有效性检查 Value Added Activity附加价值活动 Value Added Chain附加价值链 Value Added Network (VAN)增值网络 Variables Estimation变量 估算 Variable Sampling变量抽样 Verification 校验22CISA EXAM TERMINOLOGY LISTENGLISH CHINESE SIMPLIFIEDVersion Stamping版本戳记 Virtual Memory虚拟内存 Virtual Private Networks虚拟私有网络 Virus病毒 Voice Mail语音信件 Voice-over IP communication网络语音通讯协议 VSAM (Virtual Storage Access Method)虚拟存储访问方法 Watermark水印发 Web ServerWeb 服务器 Wet-pipe Sprinkler Systems湿管自动喷水灭火系统 White Box Testing百箱测试 Wide Area Network (WAN)广域网 Wi-Fi protected access (WPA)Wi-Fi 网络安全存取协议（WPA ） Wired Equivalency Privacy (WEP)有线等效加密（WEP ） Wired Equivalency Protocol - WEP有线等效协议 - WEP Wiretapping线路窃听 Worm Program蠕虫程序 X.25 InterfaceX.25 接口。

英文presentation范文Ladies and Gentlemen,Good morning! Today, I am honored to share with you the essence of effective English presentation skills. Presentation skills are crucial in today's professional world, as they act as a bridge between ideas and execution. Whether you're a student, a researcher, or a business professional, mastering the art of presenting ideas in English can open doors to countless opportunities.**1. Structure Your Presentation**The first step to crafting an impactful presentation is to structure it effectively. Begin with a clearintroduction that sets the context for your topic. Follow this with a well-defined body, where you present your key points and evidence to support them. Conclude with a summary that ties everything together and leaves a lasting impression.**2. Use Engaging Content**Content is king, and it's crucial to make it engaging and relevant. Use stories, examples, and analogies toillustrate your points and keep your audience engaged. Avoid dry facts and figures, and instead, present them in a way that's easy to understand and remember.**3. Practice Your Delivery**Delivery is everything. Practice your presentation repeatedly to ensure fluency and confidence. Pay attention to your tone, pace, and volume to ensure you maintain the attention of your audience. Use visual aids like PowerPoint slides to enhance your message and make it more memorable. **4. Interact With Your Audience**A great presentation is not just about speaking; it's about engaging with your audience. Use questions, polls, and group discussions to involve your listeners actively. Encourage feedback and use it to your advantage, adjusting your content and delivery accordingly.**5. Dress for Success**Appearance matters. Dress professionally and appropriately for your presentation, as it sets the tonefor your credibility and professionalism. A well-dressedpresenter is more likely to command respect and attention from their audience.In conclusion, effective English presentation skillsare a combination of structure, engaging content, confident delivery, audience interaction, and professional attire. By following these tips, you can take your presentations tothe next level and captivate your audience with your ideas and insights. Thank you for your time, and I look forwardto hearing your thoughts and feedback.**中文翻译与拓展****英文演讲技巧：成功的蓝图**女士们、先生们：早上好！今天，我很荣幸能与大家分享有效的英文演讲技巧的核心内容。

1I M t ow w w .e x t r o n r g u i d e , i n s t al l a f ic a t i o n s .Step 3 — Connecting outputsa.Connect suitable video displays to the HDMI connectors (see f above).b. Step 4 — Connecting control devicesa.For control through Ethernet, connect a LAN or WAN to the RJ-45 connector(see h above). The default IP address is 192.168.254.254. The default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0.b. For serial RS-232 control, connect a host device to the 3-pole captive screw connector(see i above). The default baud rate is 9600.c.For control through USB, connect a host device to the front panel mini USB B port. (see a on page 2).Step 5 — Connecting powerConnect a 100 to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power source to the power AC power connector (see a above).Figure 2. Rack MountFigure 3. Furniture MountEach SideMounting Bracket2IN1606 • Setup Guide (Continued)Front Panel OverviewFigure 4. Front Panel Featuresa Front panel config port — Connect a host device to the mini USB B port for device configuration, control, and firmware upgrades.b Input selection buttons (1-6) — Press one of these buttons to select an input. The buttons light amber for audio and video, green for videoonly, or red for audio only.c Status LED indicators —Input Signal LEDs — Light for the corresponding input when active video content is detected on that input.Output Signal LEDs — Remain lit green when active video is being output, or blink amber when output video and sync are disabled.Input HDCP LEDs — Light for each input signal that is HDCP-encrypted. Analog inputs 1 and 2 cannot be HDCP-encrypted.Output HDCP LEDs — Light for an output when it is currently HDCP-encrypted.d Menu and Enter buttons — Press these buttons to access and navigate the on-screen display (OSD) menu system.e Navigation buttons — Press these buttons to navigate through the on-screen display menu system or change selected settings.f Volume knob and LED indicators — Rotate the Volume knob to adjust the variable analog audio output (default), mic, or program volume(see the IN1606 and IN1608 Series User Guide to configure the knob through group masters). The eight Volume LED indicators light in order according to the audio volume level. The bottom LED blinks when the volume is muted. They light in order from bottom to top to indicate a 12.5% increase or decrease in volume (12.5 dB) from 1% (-99 dB) to 99% (-1 dB). The top LED blinks when the volume is 100% (0 dB).Setting Front Panel Lockout Modes (Executive Modes)The IN1606 has two modes of front panel security lock that limit the operation of the device from the front panel.• Executive mode 0 — The front panel is fully unlocked. This is the default setting.• Executive mode 1 — The front panel is completely locked. This can only be enabled or disabled using SIS commands or the internal web pages (see the IN1606 and IN1608 Series User Guide for web page details or the rear page of this guide for the SIS command).•Executive mode 2 — The front panel is locked except for input switching and volume control. Press and hold the Menu and Enter buttons simultaneously for 3 seconds to enable or disable this mode.Configuring the IN1606The IN1606 can be configured through front panel controls and the OSD menu, the internal web pages, the Extron Product Configuration Software, or SIS commands. To access the internal web pages or send SIS commands, connect a host device to the IN1606 via RS-232, USB, or Ethernet connection (the internal web pages can only be accessed through an Ethernet connection).On-Screen Display (OSD) Menu SystemThe IN1606 has an OSD menu consisting of nine submenus that can be accessed using the front panel Menu or Enter button. View the menu on a display connected to either HDMI output connector (see f on page 1). The submenus are:Quick Setup User Presets Picture Controls Input OutputAudioAdvancedCommunicationDevice IntoTo use any submenu:1. Press the Menu or Enter button to access the main menu.2. Press the Up or Down arrow button to navigate to the desired submenu.3. Press the Enter or Right arrow button to access submenu items for the selected submenu.4. Press the Up or Down arrow button to navigate submenu items.5. Press the Enter or Right arrow button to adjust a submenu item.Using the OSD menu to configure the IN1606• Use the Quick Setup submenu to perform an Auto-Image™ the current input, set video input format, input EDID settings, set output resolution, mute audio, activate video test patterns, enable or disable DHCP , and set the IP address.• Use the User Preset submenu to save picture control settings to each input for later manual recall.• Use the Picture Controls submenu to adjust the image position and size, brightness and contrast, color and tint, and detail as needed.•Use the Input submenu to perform an Auto-Image on the current input, set the video input format and film mode, set horizontal and vertical start values, set the number of active horizontal pixels and vertical lines, set the total pixels and phase, set HDCP authorization, and set the EDID for the current input.• Use the Output submenu to set output resolution, HDMI output format for each output, and HDCP notification.3•Use the Audio submenu to mute audio, set the audioinput format for the selected input, set analog audio gain,set mic/line gain and phantom power, adjust mic/line andprogram volume, and set audio output format.•Use the Advanced submenu to select a test pattern,set the screen saver, turn on or off Auto-Image, set the aspect ratio and auto memory settings, adjust the overscan settings, and reset the device to factory defaults.•Use the Communication submenu to view remote port baud rate, the device MAC address, DHCP status, the current IP address and subnet mask, and gateway.NOTE:Press and hold the Enter button for 10 seconds to edit settings in the Communication submenu.•Use the Device Info submenu to view the devicename, firmware build, temperature, input and output information, and detected displays. This tab is read-only.Internal Web PagesThe IN1606 can be configured, controlled, and operatedthrough the Ethernet port when connected to a LAN or WAN, using a web browser. The browser displays thefactory-installed web pages, which provide a means of configuring and operating the device. Enter the IP address of the unit in the browser Address field to access the web pages (see the IN1606 and IN1608 Series User Guide for more details). The default IP address is 192.168.254.254. The default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0.Product Configuration SoftwareTo configure the IN1606 using the Product ConfigurationSoftware, install the software (available on the Extron website, ) to a PC connected to the IN1606 via Ethernet, RS-232, or front panel USB Config port. After the installation, start the program. For full instructions, press <F1> or click the ? button and select Help File .Firmware UpgradesThe onboard firmware of the IN1606 can be upgraded via the internal web pages or the Extron Firmware Loader program (available on the Extron website, ).Output RatesOutput rates can be set using the OSD menu, the internal web pages, PCS, or SIS commands. The table below displays the most commonly used resolutions and refresh rates and the corresponding SIS values. The command to set the output rate is EX5$RATE }, where X5$ is the SIS value for the resolution and refresh rate combination as given in the example table below (see the IN1606 and IN1608 Series User Guide for the full list).SIS Variable X5$ for EDID or Output Resolution and Refresh Rate Combination (Where X5$ = 10 through 92)Resolution 23.98 Hz24 Hz25 Hz29.97 Hz30 Hz50 Hz 59.94 Hz60 Hz 75 Hz 1024x7681920211280x8003132331440x9005253541680x105059601920x12006364720p 686970717273*1080p 7778798081828384* = defaultBasic SIS Command TableThe IN1606 can be configured with specific SIS commands via an RS-232, USB, or Ethernet connection. Use the Extron DataViewer utility or a control system to send and receive SIS commands. The table on the next page lists a selection of SIS commands. For a full list of SIS commands and variables, see the IN1606 and IN1608 Series User Guide , at .Audio InputFormatDetailsNone Mutes all audio for selected input. Sets “No Audio” EDID.Analog Sets the selected input to analog (default for inputs 1 and 2). Sets “No Audio” EDID.LPCM-2Ch Sets the selected input to LPCM-2Ch digital audio (default for inputs 3-6). Sets 2Ch audio EDID.Multi-Ch Sets the selected input to Multi-Ch digital audio. Sets Multi-Ch audio EDID.LPCM-2Ch autoSets the selected input to prioritize digital audio. Analog audio is passed when digital audio is not present. Sets 2Ch audio EDID.Multi-Ch autoSets the selected input to prioritize digital audio. Analog audio is passed when digital audio is not present. Sets Multi-Ch audio EDID.468-2290-50Rev. B 06 13Extron USA Headquarters+1.800.633.9876 (Inside USA/Canada Only)Extron USA - West: +1.714.491.1500 FAX: +1.714.491.1517Extron USA - East: +1.919.850.1000FAX: +1.919.850.1001© 2013 Extron Electronics — All rights reserved. All trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. 。

An Interactive Chinese to English Retrieval SystemYan Qu, Hongming Jin, David A. Evans CLARITECH Corporation, 5301 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA Email: {yqu,hongming,dae}@Abstract.In this paper, we describe an interactive Chinese to English retrieval system that takes in Chinese queries and retrieves relevant documents in Chinese and English from document collections of both languages. We first describe the components for Chinese language processing and for Chinese-to-English query translation. Then we present the complete interactive system, through which a user is able to select and edit query terms manually in both Chinese and English, review the retrieval results in different presentation modes, and conduct retrieval using enhanced queries based on relevant documents or document clusters in either language. The system integrates CLARIT advanced technologies of natural language processing and information management, and is intended as a prototype and evaluation environment for identifying effective strategies to facilitate users with different levels of language proficiency in retrieving relevant documents from multilingual data collections.1.IntroductionWith the increasing amount of online information in Chinese, Chinese information retrieval is gaining growing importance. Since English is the most widely used language in the world, much information is available in English texts. Thus the ability to retrieval relevant English documents using Chinese queries should also be considered as a potential necessary part of information access for Chinese users, who desire to identify or monitor the developments around the world.In this paper, we describe an interactive Chinese-to-English retrieval system that takes in Chinese queries and retrieves relevant documents in Chinese and English from document collections of both languages. We first describe the components for Chinese language processing and for Chinese-to-English query translation. Then we present the complete interactive system with an emphasis on the interface, through which a user is able to select and edit query terms in both Chinese and English, review the retrieval results in different presentation modes (such as ranked lists and document clusters), and conduct retrieval using enhanced queries based on relevant documents or document clusters in either language. Finally, we briefly present some results on evaluations of various components of the system. The system integrates CLARIT advanced technologies of natural language processing and information management. It is intended to be a prototype for identifying effective strategies to facilitate users with different levels of document language proficiency in retrieving information from multilingual document collections.2.System ComponentsChinese information retrieval and Chinese-to-English information retrieval modules are developed based on a suite of natural language processing and information management tools from CLARITECH Corporation. The CLARIT toolkit provides advanced modules such as automatic indexing, vector-based retrieval, thesaurus term discovery, summarization, filtering, and document clustering (Evans and Lefferts, 1994; Milic-Frayling et al., 1998; Evans et al., 1999). In this section, we restrict our description to resources and modules for Chinese text retrieval and Chinese-to-English retrieval.2.1 Chinese text retrievalWe adapted the CLARIT English retrieval system for Chinese text retrieval. An important feature of CLARIT retrieval is the use of concepts identified by robust linguistic analysis coupled with specialized statistical routines. This allows the system to work with the ideas in text. For Chinese text retrieval, we developed Chinese word segmentation and Chinese NLP so that linguistically meaningful text units can be extracted from unrestricted Chinese text.Chinese word segmentationUnlike written English where spaces are used as word delimiters, Chinese texts do not use spaces to mark word boundaries. As a result, given a string of Chinese characters, it is not orthographically clear where a word starts or ends. Various approaches have been proposed to address the Chinese word segmentation problem (Chen et al., 1997; Kwok, 1997). In our work, we follow the longest match word segmentation strategy employed by many systems. Specifically, we treat each Chinese character in the input as a single token, and use a morphological processor to group characters together to identify lexemes. Whether or not a sequence of characters is a lexeme is determined by (automatically) consulting lexicons, which define lexemic token sequences and their associated categories and root forms. The Chinese lexicon is described in more detail in the next subsection.Chinese NLPThe Chinese NLP module supports analysis and identification of linguistically meaningful units from Chinese text. The major linguistic resources include lexicons and a parsing grammar.The parsing grammar describes a set of lexical categories and a set of finite-state based parsing rules. The set of lexical categories includes major and minor syntactically based categories for various parts of speech. Major categories include adjectives, adverbs, nouns, verbs, etc. Minor categories distinguish subclasses of parts of speech, such as common nouns, proper nouns, etc. The categories can also indicate morphological variation, such as regular adjectives or reduplicated adjectives. The parsing rules are defined by lexical categories, which describe the syntax of Chinese, in particular, the structure of the noun phrases (NPs).The Chinese lexicon was developed based on the LDC Chinese lexicon with 44,404 entries, enhanced by a set of wordlists from the Internet, and a collection of symbols and characters from the TREC Chinese corpus. The lexicon was manually cleaned and the entries were manually tagged with lexical categories for selected category classes. Due to time constraints, lexical tagging was concentrated on words of the closed-class categories (such as symbols and punctuation marks, auxiliary and modal verbs, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, and various types of functional particles). The version of the lexicon used for the experiments has a vocabulary of 136,570 entries including symbols and words.Query:(World Conference on Women)Word segmentation output:, ,Phrase identified by CLARIT Chinese NLP:()NPFigure 1: Example Output of Chinese NLPIn our model, Chinese word segmentation and ChineseNLP are closely integrated. The morphological processorthat recognizes Chinese lexemes by consulting theChinese lexicon assigns a lexical category to the tokenstring when the word segmentation decision is made. Theparser reads a stream of input lexemes received from themorphological processor, groups them into phrases, andadds delimiters to indicate the type and location of eachword or phrase in the sentence. In theprocess,somelexemes such as those of the closed-class categories maybe discarded. Figure 1 gives word segmentation outputand parse output for the query string(world conference on women). Note that the NLP moduleproduces phrases as output rather than individual words.2.2 Chinese-to-English Text RetrievalIn order to enable a user to query in one language butperform retrieval across multiple languages, we need toaddress one critical issue – how to bridge the languagegap between the query language and the documentlanguage? Many resources have been exploited forcrossing the language boundary between the querylanguage and the document language, e.g., machinetranslation (Gachot et al., 1998; Oard and Hackett, 1998),machine-readable bilingual dictionaries or lexicons (Hulland Grefenstette, 1996; Ballesteros and Croft, 1998;Davis and Ogden, 1997), parallel or comparable corpora(Landauer and Litmann, 1990; Sheridan and Ballerini,1996), and controlled languages (Deikema et al., 1999). Inthis work, we use bilingual lexicons for translatingChinese queries into English, because of the freeavailability of the online CEDICT dictionary (CEDICT,1998).Various types of linguistic resources are needed forbilingual lexicon-based cross-language informationretrieval. Specifically, we need1.Lexicons and grammars for the source languageNLP;2.Lexicons and grammars for the target language NLP;3.Translation glossaries for term translation from thesource language to the target language.Linguistic resources in 1 and 2 are necessary to supportmonolingual NLP functionality, such as English NLP,Chinese NLP. We have already described Chinese NLP insection 2.1. CLARIT English NLP utilizes Englishlexicons and grammar to identify linguistic structures inEnglish text. The interested reader is referred to Evansand Lefferts (1994) for details.Translation GlossariesWe define translation glossaries as lexicons that onlycontain direct translations of the head words. Translationglossaries are necessary for term vector translation. Theformat we adopt is as follows:Head word, translation-1, translation-2, translation-3, …The availability of translation glossaries is very importantfor bilingual lexicon-based query translation. However,such resources are hard to come by. CEDICT is similar tomany machine-readable bilingual dictionaries,which aredeveloped mainly for human users. Machine-readabledictionaries present along with translationsexamplesofusage and explanations, which are not needed for retrievalpurposes. For example, in CEDICT, there is an entry:"","Ngawang Choepel (Tibetan, Fullbright scholar)"in which the translation of the name "" iscontained in the translation entry "Ngawang Choepel(Tibetan, Fullbright scholar)", in which the extra background informational terms Tibetan, Fullbright scholar appear. The expressions Tibetan and Fullbright scholar are part of an explanatory use, and should be identified as extraneous to the translations of the head word. Machine-readable dictionaries may also have the problem of missing word forms, due to lack of inclusion of morphological variants and different spelling convention.We extracted from CEDICT translation glossaries for query translation. The automatic extraction and pre-processing processes include normalization of head words and translation entries, extraction of concept words from translation entries, and detection of term space discrepancies between monolingual lexicons and bilingual lexicons. Normalization of head words and translation entries is aimed at reducing the negative effect of missing word forms due to morphological variants and different spelling conventions. The extraction process is aimed at extracting direct translations from the translation entries.It should be noted that the extracted direct translations can be very noisy with extraneous translations. Therefore, we allow the generation of a text file of the glossary for human editing.As a result of pre-processing, the head words and translations are normalized by their respective NLP modules. The term space discrepancies between the monolingual lexicons and the bilingual lexicons are detected; new words and phrases are detected and exported into a text file. Such a file can then be manually edited and used to enhance the original monolingual or bilingual lexicons.Sample entries from the resulting Chinese-Englishtranslation glossary are as follows::China, Chinese:intellectual, knowledge :property right :policy :legislation:law enforcement:circumstance, state of affair, situation: intellectual property right It should be noted that morphological variations have been normalized to their root forms in translation glossaries. Therefore, we find "state of affair " instead of "state of affairs ", and "intellectual property right " instead of "intellectual property rights ".Query TranslationDuring query translation, the system looks up each term in the Chinese query vector in the translation glossaries and builds a translated query vector by concatenating all translated terms. Figure 2 shows the generation of Englishquery terms from a Chinese query. Line 5 in Figure 2illustrates the result of word segmentation of the original Chinese query string. Line 6 shows the query terms generated by the CLARIT Chinese query processingmodule. The terms(concerning) and (and) do not appear as final query terms because they belong to the categories of preposition and conjunction, respectively,which are not generally considered for indexing purposes.The term (law enforcement) does not become a final query term because it was recognized as a verb by Chinese NLP, which was not selected for indexing in this example. Verbs can be included as indexing terms if so desired. Line 7 shows the English translations of the query terms generated by the CLIR query translation module. It is also possible that the target corpus filters out some terms if the terms do not appear in the corpus.3. The Complete Interactive Retrieval SystemThe general framework for query translation based CLIR using bilingual lexicons is illustrated by Figure 3. The framework contains the following steps:• Process the document collections using CLARITNLP systems. Multilingual document collections can be parsed using their respective NLP systems and linguistic resources. As a result, words are normalized to their normal forms and phrases are identified.• Use CLARIT indexing modules to create indexes ofnormalized terms (words and phrases) for the document collections.• Pass the query string in the source language to theCLARIT NLP module, which makes use of source language lexicons and grammars. Each query word is morphologically analyzed and normalized to its root form; phrases are identified.• During query processing, the query words or phrasesare processed against some pre-indexed reference corpora (e.g., the test corpus). Statistics such as term frequencies and distributions are assigned to the query terms. In addition, the system supports various levels of term granularity, including single-word terms, attested sub-phrases, all possible sub-phrases,etc. The output is a vector of such terms with statistics.• The system looks up each term of the query vector inthe translation glossaries and builds a translated query vector by combining all the possible translations.• The translated query vector together with the originalquery vector is sent to the CLARIT retrieval engine for similarity computation against the document indexes.• Relevant documents are returned from the retrievalprocess.In the case of the work reported here, the source language is Chinese, and the document languages are Chinese and English.The GUI for the system was designed to be a testing environment for conducting and evaluating general-purpose interactive retrieval, for conducting TREC experiments, and for evaluating different presentation methods such as ranked list and document clustering. Within the interface, the user is able to access the source text, enter or edit queries, build or open an indexed database, cluster documents, produce summaries for documents, select documents or clusters for feedback retrieval, and set different options for these capabilities. In this section, we examine the following major features, including• A query window for entering and editing query text, query term vectors, or constraints• A retrieval result ranked list display window• A clustering result display window•Feedback options using either selected documents or clustersThese features are illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. In Figure 4, the main window has a query window to the left, where the user can type in a query string and optional constraints. The “Generate Query” button extracts CLARIT terms from the query string and displays them in a list box along with their coefficients, distributions, and frequencies. The user can edit term coefficients or remove terms before performing text retrieval.When retrieval is set to be cross-language, each query term in the source language is also looked up in the bilingual lexicons for its translation equivalents. The resulting translations are parsed using target language NLP. The extracted terms in the target language are also included in the term vector list box, together with their coefficients, distributions, and frequencies.The “New Search” button enables the user to perform text retrieval. This will bring up a retrieval window, displayed on the right side in Figure 4. In the retrieval window, the document titles appear in a scrolled list.With the document titles, the user can mark relevance judgments through a pop-up menu. The user can open a document and view the text with the query terms highlighted. The “Augment Query” button prompts the system to perform automatic thesaurus extraction over document selections and suggest terms for enhancing the original query. After a set of documents has been retrieved, the “Augment Query” button in the query window will be enabled. The user can also press this button to prompt the system to perform automatic thesaurus extraction over the current retrieval results and provide term suggestions for query enhancement.By pressing the “Cluster Results” button, the user can cluster the selected documents, or all retrieved documents if no document selection has been made. Clustering options related to feature selection methods, similarity methods, weighting methods, cluster display methods, etc. can be pre-selected. By default, clustering results are displayed in the form of a “forest” – a truncated or grouped hierarchy – as shown in the focused window in Figure 5. Each cluster title is composed of the first N terms of the cluster centroid, followed by its distribution and weight in parentheses. The number of documents within a cluster appears before the cluster title.With a set of clusters, a user can edit the display in numerous ways. The user can view the representative terms in the clusters, view the documents in the clusters, delete, move and copy documents across clusters, and delete, merge, create or re-cluster clusters. In particular, for enhancing the original query, the user can use the “Augment Query” button to operate on selected clusters or selected documents within clusters that have been judged by the user as relevant. The button prompts the system to perform automatic thesaurus extraction over these selected documents or the documents in the selected clusters and suggest terms to enhance the original query. In the case of multilingual databases, documents in the same language are clustered together. For example, in Figure 5, we obtained Chinese document clusters and English document clusters. Depending on the user’s proficiency in the document languages, the usability of the clusters may differ. For example, a Chinese user who has no knowledge of English would choose to view the clusters and documents in Chinese while making relevance judgments. While a user who can read both languages may choose to view documents and clusters in both languages to make relevance judgments, and rely on the system to extract thesaurus terms automatically for expanding the original query.4.System EvaluationVarious components of the system have been evaluated using large-scale TREC evaluations (cf. Voorhees and Harman, 1997). The CLARIT English retrieval performance has been evaluated in TREC English ad hoc tasks. Our efforts in the past few years have been targeted at identifying effective technologies to maximize a user’s performance interactively. For example, Evans et al. (1999) conducted user studies in TREC-7 to compare the effectiveness of two modes of document organization supported by the system: ranked lists and document clusters. For each topic, users began their interactions by being presented with the initial query and the corresponding initial search results in, alternatively, ranked or clustered format. Users were instructed to identify as many relevant documents per topic as they could find within a given (brief) time period, and, alongthe way, to mark any non-relevant documents that could be useful for negative feedback. Evans et al. (1999) observed that users who interacted with the system in cluster mode rendered more “positive” relevance judgments than users who interacted in ranked mode, and that overall retrieval performance by combining two modes of interaction outperforms either ranked-list or clusters used individually.Chinese text retrieval has also been evaluated using TREC-5 Chinese track data. Chinese manual ad hoc runs produced average precision (N=1000 documents) above 0.31. Such retrieval performance is comparable with state-of-the-art monolingual retrieval systems that we are aware of (Voorhees and Harman, 1997).We have not yet evaluated the usability of the interactive Chinese-to-English retrieval interface. Evaluation of an interactive CLIR system presents special problems that are not present in monolingual retrieval scenarios, and has to date not drawn much interest in the research community. It would be interesting to evaluate the effectiveness of feedback using relevance judgments by users with different levels of language proficiency in English, and it would be interesting to determine to what extent different modes of presentation matter for different types of users. We hope to investigate such issues in our future work.5.Summary and Future WorkIn this paper, we have described an interactive Chinese-to-English retrieval system that takes the user’s query in Chinese and retrieves relevant documents in both Chinese and English. We have presented the interface that supports the user in making relevance judgments and in query refinement. The interactive system is an ideal test environment for investigating the contributions and limitations of monolingual retrieval techniques for users with different levels of language proficiency in the target language. In our future work, we would like to explore the following questions:•When relevant documents from different languages are retrieved, how should the results be ranked in a combined list?•When document clustering is used for presenting the retrieved documents, how should the clusters of different languages be ranked?•In terms of retrieval performance, how effective is feedback based on relevance judgments by users with different levels of language proficiency?•To what extend do different presentation modes matter to users with different levels of language proficiency?•How do we support users with different levels of language proficiency?•Should a CLIR system include machine translation of retrieved target-language documents?ReferencesBallesteros, L., & Croft, W. B. Statistical methods for cross-language information retrieval. 1998. In G. Grefenstette (ed.), Cross-Language Information Retrieval(Chapter 3). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CEDICT. 1998. Chinese-English machine-readable dictionary, freely available from /~paul_denisowski/cedict.ht ml. The dictionary development project was initiated by Paul Denisowski.Chen, A., He,, J., Xu, L., Gey, F. C., & Meggs, J. 1997. Chinese text retrieval without using a dictionary. In SIGIR’97, pp. 42-49.Davis, M., & Ogden, W. 1997. QUILT: Implementing a large-scale cross-language text retrieval system. In SIGIR’97, pp. 92-98.Diekema, A., Oroumchian, F., Sheridan, P., & Liddy, E.D. 1999. TREC-7 Evaluation of Conceptual Interlingua Document Retrieval (CINDOR) in English and French. InE. M. Voorhees & D. K. Harman (eds.), Information Technology:The Seventh Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-7). NIST Special Publication 500-242, pp. 169-180. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Evans, D. A., & Lefferts, R. G. 1994. Design and evaluation of the CLARIT-TREC-2 system. In D. K. Harman (ed.), Information Technology:The Second Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-2). NIST Special Publication 500-215, pp. 137-150. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Evans, D. A., Huettner, A., Tong, X., Jansen, P., & Bennett., J. 1999. Effectiveness of Clustering in Ad-Hoc Retrieval. In E. M. Voorhees & D. K. Harman (eds.), Information Technology:The Seventh Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-7). NIST Special Publication 500-242, pp. 143-148. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Gachot, D. A., Lange, E., & Yang., J. 1998. The SYSTRAN NLP browser: An application of machine translation technology in cross-language information retrieval. In G. Grefenstette (ed.), Cross-Language Information Retrieval (Chapter 9). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Hull, D. A., & Grefenstette., G. 1996. Querying across languages: a dictionary-based approach to multilingual information retrieval. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 49-57.Kwok, K.L. 1997. Comparing Representations in Chinese Information Retrieval. In SIGIR’97. pp. 34-41. Landauer, T. K., & Littman., M. L. 1990. Fully automatic cross-language document retrieval using latent semantic indexing. In Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of University of Waterloo Center for the New Oxford English Dictionary and Text Research, pp. 31-38.Milic-Frayling, N., Zhai, C., Tong, X., Jansen, P., & Evans., D. A. 1998. Experiments in query optimization, the CLARIT system TREC-6 report. In E. M. Voorhees & D. K. Harman (eds.), The Sixth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-6), pp. 415-454. NIST Special Publication 500-240. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Oard, D. W., & Hackett, P. 1998. Document translation for cross-language text retrieval at the University of Maryland. In E. M. Voorhees & D. K. Harman (eds.), Information Technology: The Sixth Text REtrievalConference (TREC-6), NIST Special Publication 500-240, pp. 687-696. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Sheridan, P., & Ballerini, J. P. 1996. Experiments in multilingual information retrieval using the spider system. In SIGIR’96, pp. 58-65.Voorhees, E. M., & D. K. Harman (eds.). 1997. Information Technology: The Fifth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-5).NIST Special Publication 500-238. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.1.Original Chinese query:2.Manual Chinese query terms:3.Manual English translation of Chinese query: Regulations and Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights inChina4.Manual English translation of query terms: China, intellectual, property rights, policy, regulations, enforcement5.Word segmentation of Chinese query using CLARIT Chinese NLP:6.CLARIT generated Chinese query terms with corpus statistics:Term Coefficient Distribution Frequency137611381124118211191165112017.CLARIT generated English translations of query terms with corpus statistics:Term Coefficient Distribution FrequencyProperty right132Intellectual1311Intellectual property151Intellectual property right1171Circumstance1211Knowledge1212Property1592Legislation1201Situation1801Affair1941Policy11591State12441Right12712Chinese13211China14842Figure 2: An Example of query translationFigure 3:Diagram for CLIR using gloss-based query translationC ross-Language R etrieval, C LA R IT EC H Confidential18O ctober 27, 1998Figure 4: Query window and the retrieval result display windowFigure 5: Query window and the cluster result display window。

Call for Papers for a Series of Special IssuesElectronic Commerce Research and ApplicationsNew Research on Chinese Electronic Commerce________________________________________________________________________ Purpose: China's Internet population now approaches 500 million – almost twice the United States’s 250 million – with three-fifths of Chinese using the Internet primarily from mobile devices. New business models and stock market offerings by Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu have been highly successful, a global transformation influencing the balance of both economic and social power in today's world. Nonetheless, the character of the Chinese Internet, and the experience for China’s Internet users are likely to remain substantially different from those in the West, especially in the context of emerging technologies characterized by such features as mobility, virtual life, social network, personalization and societal scale data. China recognizes 55 ethnic groups and hundreds of dialects within 11 major language groups – all of which come into contact with one another on China's Internet. The Internet will continue to be central to China’s growth and influence around the world, because of its new strengths in a variety of information-intensive disciplines. Our goal is to encourage new theoretical and empirical studies that will help us to understand China's emergence as a global power in e-commerce and Internet innovation in a series of special issues to be published in 2012 and 2013.Editors. This special issue series will be led and co-edited by:•Sulin Ba, University of Connecticut, Sulin.Ba@•Guoqing Chen, Tsinghua University, chengq@•J. Christopher Westland, University of Illinois – Chicago, westland@The sponsoring editor for this special issue is Robert J. Kauffman, ECRA’s Editor-in-Chief. Topics. The special issue will be devoted to the exploration of strategic, managerial, organizational, technical, security, privacy and policy challenges. We seek high-quality, unpublished contributions addressing electronic commerce in Greater China or in a Chinese context on the following related topics:•Successful and unsuccessful business models for e-commerce•Comparative e-commerce strategy – East and West•Role of e-commerce in services – finance, broadcasting, logistics, etc.•Social network applications, Web 2.0 and mobile business applications•Online and mobile gaming business models•Support for customer and business partner relationships in online communities•Theoretical and analytical approaches to e-commerce business models•Security, quality of service, trust and content filtering•Service-oriented personalization in online marketing•Knowledge and innovation in the design of e-commerce services•Search, business intelligence, data mining and social computing•Role of the Internet and e-commerce in developing rural communities•Behavioral aspects of buyers and sellers on e-commerce platformsSubmission Deadline. First submissions of full papers anytime after this call for papers has been posted in March 2011,and the submission window will continue to be open through March 2012. Authors are encouraged to submit abstracts to the special issue editors as a means to gauge the special issue editors’ interest and get suggestions on developing a special issue paper. Papers will be assigned for review as they are received, and acceptance decisions will be made on a rolling basis over time, as appropriate to the development of high quality research for publication. Submission Guidelines. Only original and unpublished research papers will be considered. Authors should limit their initial submissions to no more than 32 double-spaced pages, and use 11 or 12-point font with appropriate margins, inclusive of all materials (references, figures, tables and appendices). Author names and affiliations should be listed on the first page of the paper; the reviewing will be single blind only. All papers should be submitted via ECRA’s submission system at /ecra. Authors should select the ‘Chinese E-Commerce Special Issue’ tab when they reach the ‘Article Type‘ step in the submission process. Authors should follow Elsevier’s Electronic Commerce Research and Applications format at/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/621289/authorinstructions. Review Process. The special issue editors will return first reviews and AE reports no later than 90 days from the date of submission. We will use a developmental reviewing approach for this special issue series, with the aim of helping authors to achieve very high quality final publications. Second and third round reviews, as needed, will be completed on an expedited basis, if authors are able to turn their revisions around quickly. We also will provide special issue authors with an indication as early as possible of rejection for the special issue, including decisions on the basis of a first reading by the special issue editors. Inappropriately targeted or under-developed paperswill be returned immediately to the authors.Publication Date. The publication of the first special issue will occur on a ‘best effort’ basis some time in late 2012 or early 2013, with additional issues to follow, based on the extent of the interest expressed by authors. The actual dates of publication will depend on the timing of completion of the articles that the issues will contain, and also is subject to the editorial staff’s and publisher’s ability to schedule them. ECRA’s current goal is that special issues should be published no later than about 6 months after the last article of the issue is completed and sent to production by the authors and special issue editors.For Authors. Interested authors should feel free to direct questions to the special issue editors. For information and ideas on China's Internet, see Red Wired: China’s internet Revolution (by Sherman So and J. Christopher Westland, Marshall Cavendish, Singapore, 2010), which documents the growth of China's Internet, and provides a synopsis of a number of successful e-commerce business models in China. All papers should be submitted via ECRA’s submission system at /ecra, in a format as specified in the submission guidelines.。

维音中国2目录维音企业概况卓越团队协作诚信34维音企业概况全球分布16全球运营基地20+语言支持2006-2014年度最佳产品15000+全球坐席§VXI 1998年成立于洛杉矶§提供专业化多语种服务—支持超过20种语种服务§多家电信运营商和网络电视供应商的战略合作伙伴§在美州,亚洲有16个客服中心§超过15.000 个坐席§从2006年开始至今，年收入稳定增长达30%/年§2006-2013年，多个产品荣获“客户互动解决方案年度最佳产品”奖项For Vision Suite §VisionCRM §VisionLog §VisionQA §VisionIVR §Vision Quiz §VisionCTI§VisionTraining §VisionChat §VisionView美国亚洲全国服务中心分布维音企业概况中国区分布4800+全中国坐席2005-2013最佳联络中心服务供应商2001超过10年中国本地联络中心运营交付Vision 系列v4.1.1全套的联络中心应用软件研发能力125+已成功实施并安装Vision 系列上海总公司n 完整的服务产品n 国际触角n 研发中心n 12+种语言n7x24h成都中心n 完整的服务产品n 流失率低n 人才库n 普通话n7x24h广州中心n 完整的服务产品n香港文化n 多种语言n7*24h河北中心n 专注于运营商行业n 大量的人力储备n 普通话n 7x24h n成本效率高北京中心n 完整的服务产品n 国际触角n 强大的人力储备n 多种语言n7x24h$32 M $60 M$90 M$120 M$160 M$180 M$220 M$250M$300M200620072008200920102011201220132014的收入目标•多站点灾备上海/广州/成都/北京/河北互为灾备热备份中国/菲利宾/美国数据互联•7*24小时不间断运营能力•复杂流程的知识管理能力•大规模呼叫中心运营能力•超过十年的本土呼叫中心运营经验•多语种支持Ý英语Ý菲律宾语Ý中文Ý广东话Ý越南语Ý韩语Ý闽南话Ý泰语Ý印尼、马来语Ý印度语Ý日语维音企业概况呼叫中心管理能力综合运营管理能力呼入&呼出电话营销数据录入& 数据处理账户管理客户关怀数据清洗&衍生营销服务热线&技术支持售后支持客户挽留产品和服务VXI 中国客户数码产品Life-style生活金融其他简介：Ø维音中国总部Ø维音软件研发中心Ø24 x 7 运营Ø12+ 语种支持Ø丰富的人力资源每年超过18万大专院校毕业生Ø上海是中国的金融中心，90% 的跨国公司总部设在上海简介：Ø坐落于市中心Ø通过香港与西方品牌紧密相连Ø国内的冗余备份计划中心Ø丰富的人才市场每年15万以上的大专院校毕业生Ø10+ 语种支持简介：Ø四川省省会城市Ø50所大学，52万在册大学生Ø流失率低Ø潮湿的亚热带气候Ø主要产业：信息、服务、食品和机械Ø成都高科技园区有超过30家500强企业入驻上海（总部）广州成都座席容量：1800+座席容量：600+座席容量：800+连接和备份我们将各个运营中心用专线进行了独立的连接,避免因为单点的系统问题影响运营，同时为客户提供全球无缝运营链接。

China Sets Up Special Bureau to Stimulate Private EconomySince the Opinion of the Com-munist Party of China Central Committee and the State Coun-cil to Boost the Development of the Private Sector (hereinafter referred to as the Opinion) was released in July, all departments and regional governments have been working hard to promote the recovery and development of the private economy.Recently, Cong Liang, Deputy Head of the NDRC (National Develop-ment and Reform Bureau), announced an important message at a news conference: China will set up the Bureau of the De-velopment of the Private Economy within the NDRC.Setting up a special bureau with the NDRC“Since the Opinion was released one month ago, the NDRC has been working with the related departments to imple-ment the document. A series of measures have been raised, which have already achieved good results ,” said Cong Liang.The first of these is to optimize the development environment. The NDRC has established a communication and exchange mechanism with private enter-prises, listening to their opinions through various means such as discussion meet-ings and research. On July 24, a notice was issued on further strengthening the promotion of private investment and striving to mobilize the enthusiasm of private investment, clarifying 17 specific measures under four aspects. On July 28, the NDRC worked with eight depart-ments, including the State Administra-tion for Market Regulation, to co-issue a notice on the implementation of several recent measures to promote the develop-ment of the private economy, focusing on promoting fair access, strengthening ele-ment support, strengthening legal protec-tion, optimizing corporate services, and creating a good business environment, proposing a total of 28 specific measures.The second is to strengthen element support. On August 1, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administrationof Taxation issued a notice extending the value-added tax reduction and ex-emption policy for small-scale taxpayers. Subsequently, the State Administration of Taxation issued a notice on the contin-uous implementation and optimization of the “Tax Handling Facilitation Action” to promote the high-quality develop-ment of the private economy, focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises and individual businesses, and implementing preferential tax policies. The People’s Bank of China has also studied and formulated policy measures to support the develop-ment of the private economy through finance.The third is to strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law. On July 31, the Supreme People’s Court released 11 typical cases of the people’s courts protecting the property rights of private enterprises and entrepreneurs in accor-dance with the law. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate has issued the “Opinions on Lawfully Punishing and Preventing Crimes Committed by Internal Personnel of Private Enterprises that Infringe on the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Private Enterprises, and Creating a Good Legal Environment for the Development of the Private Economy”, which puts forward specific requirements for the performance of procurator duties and further improves the relevant institutional mechanisms. On August 3rd, the Ministry of Public Secu-rity issued 26 measures to provide better services for high-quality development, specifically proposing to protect the prop-erty rights of enterprises and the legitimate rights and interests of business operators in accordance with the law, and to maintain a fair and competitive market order.Recently, the NDRC has also fo-cused on promoting private investment. It has optimized financing support for private investment projects, leveraged the investment-loan linkage mechanism, and introduced the first batch of 715 private investment projects to relevant banks. It has also required local governments to submit project lists to recommend to private investors, including lists of key projects, industrial programs and fran-chised projects. As of September 2, over 3,500 projects with a total investment of over RMB 3.7 trillion have been reported across various regions.“The work of the private economyBy Lily Wang18involves a wide range of areas and has strong policy implications, requiring close collaboration and cooperation among var-ious departments to form a collaborative effort,” said Zhang Shixin, Deputy Sec-retary General and Director of the Per-sonnel Department of the NDRC. The Central Compilation Off ice officially approved the establishment of the Private Economy Development Bureau as an internal institution of the NDRC. “This move will further strengthen the overall coordination of the development of the private economy, consolidate and expand existing work achievements, and create a better environment for the development of the private economy.” Cong Liang said that the implementation of various poli-cies and the establishment of specialized institutions will further stimulate the vitality and internal driving force behind the development of the private economy, and the private economy will see broad opportunities and a better future. Focus on small and micro enterprisesPrivate enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises are always intertwined. The Opinion repeatedly mentions the need to support the develop-ment of private small and medium-sized enterprises. As the department responsible for the comprehensive management of promoting small and medium-sized enter-prises, the Ministry of Industry and Infor-mation T echnology is actively carrying out related work. Xu Xiaolan, Deputy Minis-ter of Industry and Information T echnol-ogy, introduced the relevant progress.Strengthen policy support. Efforts should be made to implement policies that benefit enterprises, such as the “Sev-eral Measures to Assist Small and Medi-um-sized Enterprises in Promoting Stable Growth, Structural Adjustment, and Strong Capacity” and the “Notice on Im-plementing Several Measures to Promote the Development of the Private Econo-my”. It is important to promote the contin-uation of policies such as tax incentives for small and micro enterprises and expand the share of government procurement for small and medium-sized enterprises.Increase the supply of services. Carry out the “Benefit Enterprises Together” Service action for small and medi-um-sized enterprises, the 100-day on-line recruitment of college graduates bysmall and medium-sized enterprises, thetraining of leading talent in small and me-dium-sized enterprise management, andthe “One-chain, one-policy, one-batch”financing promotion action for small andmedium-sized enterprises should be im-plemented. By leveraging the guidance roleof the China SME Development Fund, ithas already invested in over 1,100 projects.Enhance the core competitivenessof small and medium-sized enterprises.Carrying out the “Three Empowerments”special action for small and medium-sizedenterprises, including digital empower-ment, technological achievement em-powerment, and quality standard brandempowerment. The department also heldthe 2023 National Conference on theDevelopment of Specialized, Refined,and New SME Enterprises, and cultivat-ed the fifth batch of specialized, refined,and new “little giant” enterprises. It willgive full play to the role of industrial clus-ters of small and medium-sized enterpris-es and promote the agglomeration andprofessional development of small andmedium-sized enterprises.“At present, promoting small andmedium-sized enterprises to take the pathof specialized, refined, and innovativedevelopment has become the consensus,”Xu Xiaolan said when mentioning a set ofdata: currently, a total of 215,000 innova-tive small and medium-sized enterprisesand 98,000 specialized, refined, andnew small and medium-sized enterpriseshave been cultivated, of which privateenterprises account for about 95%, andthere are 12,000 specialized, refined, andnew “little giant” enterprises. From Jan-uary to July this year, the revenue profitmargins of “little giant” enterprises andspecialized, refined, and new small andmedium-sized enterprises were 5.5 and2.7 percentage points higher than thoseof designated small and medium-sizedenterprises, respectively. As of the endof July, more than 1,600 specialized,refined, and innovative small and medi-um-sized enterprises have been listed onthe A-share market, accounting for over30% of the A-share listed enterprises.In promoting the developmentof private small and medium-sizedenterprises, the Ministry of Industryand Information Technology will alsocarry out multiple tasks: carrying outcomprehensive inspections to reduce theburden on enterprises nationwide andpromote the development of small andmedium-sized enterprises, and urging theimplementation of preferential policies forenterprises to take effect; building a na-tional integrated public service platformfor small and medium-sized enterprises,forming a service model of direct policysharing, direct appeal handling, anddirect service delivery, and cultivatingabout 100 new characteristic industrialclusters for small and medium-sized en-terprises; carrying out a special action toclear outstanding corporate accounts; andconducting third-party assessments of thedevelopment environment for small andmedium-sized enterprises.“At present, out of 178 millionbusiness entities in China, there are 120million individual businesses, and 52.629million small and micro enterprises.They play an important role in stabilizinggrowth, promoting employment, andbenefiting people’s livelihoods.” Liu Jun,Deputy Director of the State Admin-istration for Market Regulation, statedthat, in accordance with the requirementsof the “Opinions”, they will further opti-mize institutional measures to encourage,support, and guide the development ofindividual businesses and small and microenterprises. They will further leverage therole of various service platforms, promoteprecise and direct implementation ofpreferential policies for enterprises, andunleash “great energy” from “small indi-vidual businesses”.Maintain a fair and competitivemarket environmentSince the beginning of this year,more than 20,000 policy measures thathinder the unified market and fair com-petition have been abolished or revised.A fair and competitive market envi-ronment is a fertile ground for the growthof the private economy. In recent years,the State Administration for MarketRegulation has actively improved regula-tory systems, continuously strengthenedregulatory enforcement, standardized themarket order, and effectively guaranteedfair transactions.Fully implement the fair compe-tition policy system. The administrationhas been carrying out in-depth law en-forcement in the fields of engineering19and construction, public utilities, and government procurement. Since 2023, it has investigated and dealt with 13 cases of abuse of administrative power to eliminate restrictive competition and conducted eight administrative monopoly law enforcement interviews. It has thoroughly implement-ed the fair competition review system. Since the beginning of this year, a total of 163,800 incremental policy measures have been reviewed nationwide, 452,000 exist-ing policy measures have been eliminated, and more than 20,000 policy measures that hinder unified markets and fair com-petition have been abolished or revised.Strengthen a nti-monopoly a nd anti-unfair competition supervision and law enforcement. The administra-tion has organized and carried out special anti-monopoly law enforcement actionsin the field of people’s livelihoods. As of the end of August, 17 cases of monopoly agreements and abuse of market domi-nance have been investigated and dealt with in accordance with the law, with to-tal fines amounting to RMB 910 million. It has deployed and launched a special law enforcement action to “safeguard” against unfair competition. Since the beginning of this year, a total of 6,870 cases of unfair competition have been investigated and handled, with a total amount of fines and confiscations of RMB 304 million.Strengthen intellectual property protection. The State Administration for Market Regulation has formulated and issued the “Opinions on Strengthening Intellectual Property Law Enforcement in the New Era” to further improve the intellectual property law enforcement mechanism. It has been strengthening intellectual property regulations and law enforcement. In the first half of the year, a total of 17,100 related cases were inves-tigated and dealt with. Key efforts have been made to crack down on counterfeits of well-known brands, as well as false promotional activities such as “borrowing the fame of celebrities” and “free riding”.“After the release of the ‘Opinions’, the All China Federation of Industry and Commerce has been focusing on pro-moting publicity, enhancing development confidence, and promoting high-quality development. It has solidly carried out learning, publicity, and implementation work, and worked with the relevant de-partments to introduce policy measures.” An Lijia, Vice Chairman of the All ChinaFederation of Industry and Commerce,stated that it will guide private enterprisesto accelerate technological innovation anddigital transformation, implement greenand low-carbon transformation, partici-pate in regional coordinated development,and integrate into global development.Respond to corporateexpectationsIn fact, there have been calls for theestablishment of relevant departments topromote the development of the privateeconomy in recent years. For example,during this year’s T wo Sessions, a mem-ber of the National Committee of theChinese People’s Political ConsultativeConference proposed to establish a su-pervisory department for the privateeconomy at the central level to promotecomprehensive coordination and serviceguidance for the development of theprivate economy, in order to address theissue of “prioritizing policy formulationover implementation”. For example, manyprivate enterprises are very troubled bythe issue of overdue payments. The recentnotice issued by the NDRC and otherdepartments on the implementation ofseveral recent measures to promote thedevelopment of the private economyrequires clearing up debts owed by gov-ernment agencies, public institutions,and state-owned enterprises to small andmedium-sized enterprises, which willundoubtedly help those enterprises solvetheir problems. However, in recent years,there have been many similar regulationsthat have been difficult to fully imple-ment and take effect due to insufficientgovernance regarding overdue recon-ciliation payments and the insufficientcapacity of law enforcement agencies.Enterprises need a normalized and in-stitutionalized communication and ex-change mechanism, and a specializedagency to supervise the implementationof policies and coordinate the resolutionof similar issues. The establishment of thePrivate Economic Development Bureauis actually a response to the expectationsof enterprises.Establishing specialized agencies topromote the development of the privateeconomy has been explored in variousregions before. According to public re-ports, the Qingdao Private EconomyDevelopment Bureau was established in2019 in Qingdao, Shandong Province,aiming to “assist, coordinate, and serveprivate enterprises”. In Zhejiang, there arealso institutions such as private economicdevelopment centers and private eco-nomic service centers in various regions,providing support for the development ofthe private economy.“Whether the new department canfulfill its duties will be crucial.” Shi Jin-chuan, Deputy Director of the ZhejiangProvincial Advisory Committee andChairman of the Zhejiang University Pri-vate Economy Research Center, believesthat promoting the development of theprivate economy is not something that canbe decided by a specialized agency. ThePrivate Economy Development Bureauplays a coordinating role and promotesthe implementation of policy measuresto make same effective, which will giveprivate entrepreneurs a sense of gain.Wang Kefei, Chairman of PuhuiSmart Manufacturing Technology Co.,Ltd., agrees with this. Before the releaseof the “Opinions”, Wang Kefei was invit-ed to participate in a special research proj-ect conducted by the All China Federationof Industry and Commerce. “It is believedthat the Private Economy DevelopmentBureau could more effectively carry outpolicy coordination, promote the early im-plementation and effectiveness of variousmeasures in the ‘Opinions’, and stimulatethe vitality and endogenous momentum ofthe private economy’s development.”It has beenstrengtheningintellectualpropertyregulations andlaw enforcement.In the first half ofthe year, a totalof 17,100 relatedcases wereinvestigated anddealt with. 20。

英语作文为中国人提出来的重要性In today's interconnected world, the importance of English proficiency has become increasingly evident, especially for Chinese individuals seeking to engage with the global community. English essay writing, as a critical component of English language skills, offers numerous benefits that are tailored to the needs and aspirations of the Chinese populace.Firstly, the ability to compose coherent and well-structured English essays enhances communication skills. In a globalized era, effective communication is key to success in various fields, whether it's in business, academia, or even personal relationships. Through essay writing, Chinese individuals can refine their ability to express complex ideas clearly and concisely in English, thus broadeningtheir horizons and facilitating cross-cultural understanding.Secondly, English essay writing fosters criticalthinking and analytical skills. The process of writing an essay requires careful consideration of arguments, evidence, and logical structure. This not only helps to improvelanguage proficiency but also cultivates a mindset that is essential for problem-solving and decision-making invarious contexts. For Chinese individuals, this can be a valuable asset in their personal and professional development.Moreover, the practice of English essay writing can serve as a gateway to international opportunities. Many universities and organizations worldwide requireproficiency in English essay writing as part of their admission or recruitment processes. By mastering this skill, Chinese individuals can increase their chances of being considered for prestigious scholarships, internships, orjob positions.Additionally, English essay writing can be a source of personal growth and cultural enrichment. Through writing about diverse topics and perspectives, Chinese individuals can broaden their understanding of the world and develop a more global mindset. This, in turn, can lead to a deeper appreciation of different cultures and viewpoints, enhancing one's cultural literacy and intercultural competency.In conclusion, the significance of English essay writing for Chinese individuals is multifaceted. It not only enhances communication skills but also cultivates critical thinking, analytical abilities, and international opportunities. Moreover, it serves as a vehicle for personal growth and cultural enrichment. Therefore, it is crucial for Chinese individuals to prioritize the development of their English essay writing skills, as they hold the key to unlocking a world of opportunities and experiences.**英语作文为中国人提出来的重要性**在当今互联互通的世界中，英语能力的重要性日益凸显，特别是对于希望融入全球社会的中国人而言。

26During the seminar themed “Propel Free Trade Co-operation, Elevate Sino-EU Economic and TradeRelations” held by the CCPIT, Wang Jinzhen, vice chairman of the China Council for the Promotion of Inter-national Trade (CCPIT), pointed out that, the EU has launched several anti-dumping investigations and carried out trade remedy measures against steel, chemical products and other commodi-ties from China, setting barriers for Chinese enterprises in related industries to export to Europe.“It is expected that the China-EU FTA could resolve such conflicts.” said Wang Jinzhen. He believes that a comprehensive and in-depth China-EU FTA can reduce trade barriers, facilitate corporate investment and promote China and Europe to comple-ment each other for sustainable eco-nomic development.China-EU FTA may help reduce disputes between China and EuropeW h i le econom ic a nd t rade relations are being strengthened, conflicts between China and Europe are increasing. The attitude that the EU holds towards China’s “market economy status” has further gloomed the future. On November 9, 2016, in the amendment proposal for the anti-dumping legal system presented to the European Parliament and the European Council, the European Commission replaced “non-market economy” with the concept and standards for “market distortions”, which does not fundamentally abandon the “surrogate country” approach. On November 12, 2016, the European Commission made anti-dumping investigation preliminary ruling for seamless steel pipe productsoriginating in China, and decided toChina-EU FTA to Be Put into Practice with High Expectationimpose an up to 81.1% provisional anti-dumping duty for a period of 6 months. Statistics show that of the iron and steel industry in China that is vulnerable to anti-dumping investigations, seamless steel pipe products bear the most brunt. Based on relevant research data, the exports of seamless steel pipes from China declined gradually in the past seven or eight years.It was learned from the Ministry of Commerce that, on December 20, 2016, the European Commission re-vealed the results for anti-dumping and anti-subsidy sunset review and interim review investigation against Chinese photovoltaic products, which showed that the commission would continue the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures.“Chinese enterprises often spend more time and money in responding to the EU ’s anti-dumping and anti-sub-sidy cases.” said Yu Huabo, director ofthe silk department of China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textile and Apparel.In addition to the increasing anti-dumping and anti-subsidy cases, the so-called “China premium” also hold up Chinese enterprises from “going out”.Allen Zhang, chief economist at PricewaterhouseCoopers, said, “When a Chinese Company, especially a state-owned enterprise, tries to acquire a target company in Europe or elsewhere, it often has to pay a higher price, just because we are from China.”“It is clear that orders are decreas-ing, in particular textile and clothing orders. Since 2015, exports of Chineseproducts to the EU have decreased significantly, while Bangladesh, Viet-nam and other countries are having an increasing share in European market. Chinese enterprises are facing increas-ing pressure on price competition.” Yu Huabo from China Chamber of Com-merce for Import and Exprot of Textile and Apparel said.According to Yu Huabo, large orders and long-term orders are on the derease, the collection period is extend-ing, and claims and repudiation are more often to see, all causing enterpris-es to face higher risks, higher financing costs, and higher quality requirements. Tiny problems used to be neglected now become pretexts for the importers for price cuts or even claims. Due to the recent economic slowdown and weak trade demand, exporters and importers are struggling, which brings more trade disputes between China and Europe.Christian Ewert, director gen-eral of Foreign Trade Association Europe, criticized the revival of trade protectionism, “A great many of Eu-ropean companies import goods and services from China, because China is able to provide efficient and high quality services and production, im-ports from China and other Asian countries have become an integral part of our economy.”China is the crucial market for the EUThere are high expectations on the construction of China-EU Free TradeZone and the negotiation on China-EU Free Trade Agreement. China andthe EU signed “China-EU 2020 Stra-tegic Agenda for Cooperation” in 2013,which clearly expressed that both partywould move “once the conditions areright, towards a deep and comprehen-sive FTA”.Wang said, in more than 40 yearssince China and the EU establisheddiplomatic ties, under the encourage-ment and support by both parties, withthe efforts of business circles of bothsides, the bilateral economic and traderelations have maintained a good mo-mentum of development.Mr. Ewert highly praised the im-portant role of China to the Europeaneconomy. The rapidly develop Chineseeconomy over the past 20 years helpspromote the European economy. “Atpresent, the population of middle classhas reached 300 million, meaning thereis unlimited potential in China,” hesaid, “China’s important to the Euro-pean economy, especially for the satu-rated and fiercely competing Europeanmarket. The choice of Chinese consum-ers may determine the performance ofmany European businesses. It even cansay that Chinese market is key to manycompanies in Europe. It has provedthat the trade relation with China isvital to the EU economy, so we mustresist the protectionism. Strenghten thetrade tie with China is not a threat, buta great opportunity for the economicdevelopment in the EU. There is enor-morous potential to carry out economicand trade cooperation between the EUand China, and it is now time for us totake the chance.”Actively respond trade frictionsDifferences and frictions now aremore common to see, partly because ofthe closer economic and trade relations.In China, though a lot of peoplecan speak European languanges, legalprofessionals that really understandlocal culture and laws and regulationsare in shortage, and there is a greatdemand gap for talents that can pro-vide legal advice and support for tradeand investment cooperation betweenChinese and European enterprises. Thelack of talents certainly brings difficul-ties to enterprises.As PricewaterhouseCoopers’ chiefeconomist Allen Zhang pointed out,if enterprises are not familiar with lo-cal investment environment, laws andregulations, environmental rules, laborstandards, etc., the first task for themis to fully understand the legal systemthere in a short time.Mr. Ewert said, since China andthe EU have a strong complementarityfor economic cooperation, both par-ties should continue to further openinternal markets, and eliminate tradebarriers.Wang said, the investment inChina from the EU continues togrow quickly against the weak globaleconomy, indicating that the EU arestill optimistic about the developmentprospects and the improvement of in-vestment environment in China.Wang also stressed that as thelargest trade and investment promotionorganization in China, the CCPITassociates industrial and commercialenterprises in China, and actively par-ticipates in the construction of Chinafree trade zones. It not only providesChinese and foreign governmentspolicy recommendations of Chineseenterprises on FTA negotiation, butalso promotes the relevant policies andregulations of the FTA.D i f f e r e n c e s a n dfrictions now are morecommon to see, partlybecause of the closereconomic and traderelations.27。

Presentation开场白及结束语1.张刚开场白：-I am delighted to stand here and have this opportunity to share something with you. Today I will focus on...-It's my pleasant duty to report my research. Today I'd like to say something about...-I'd like to thank you for giving me the chance to stand here. Well, the topic I'm going to deal with is...结束语：-That's all. Thanks for your attention.-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here.2.王一越开场白:-Mr. Chairman, teachers and classmates, my name is Wang Yiyue. I come from the school of management. The title of my presentation is…-Good morning, everyone, my name is Wang Yiyue. I come from the school of management. I am so glad to have theopportunity to give to a speech to you on such an occasion. My speech is about…-Good morning, everyone! My name is Wang Yiyue. Thank you for giving me this opportunity to stand here. My subject is …结束语：-That’s all. Thank you for listening.-That’s all for my talk. If there are any question s, I would like to give further explanations.3.李慧颖开场白：-Good morning, everyone. I am B from C. I appreciate the opportunity to be here to attend this mini-symposium [session]. The topic of my paper is (about) D. My presentation will be divided into the following three parts.-Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen, Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your gracious introduction. I am honored to have the chance to address you on this special occasion. I would like to divide my talk into three parts: 1) background of …; 2) recent results in my group; 3) conclusions.-Prof. A, Ladies and Gentlemen, Thank you very much, Professor A, for your kind introduction. I am delighted to be here (with you this morning). I am going to give this talk in four parts. First…. Second…. Third…. Finally….结束语：-Once again I would like to thank you for the opportunity of talking to you on the subject. I hope you will give me your comments and suggestions. That will help me improve my work.-Thank you for your attention. If there are any points that I didn’t make clearly, please point them out andI would like to give further explanations.4.佟诚德开场白：-Good morning everybody. It is really an honor for me to give a report here. In the next ten minutes, I will focus on the following three aspects. First, …. Then, … . At last, … .-I’m very pleased to be here to share my ideas with all of you. It is a great opportunity and challenge as I have only 5 minutes for presentation. So I can onlygive a brief introduction to my work and questionsat the end are welcomed…-Hello, everyone. My topic today is …and I shall address myself to the following contents…结束语：-That’s all for my presentation. Thanks for listening. Thank you all.-Well, I think we are running short of time and my presentation should be over. Thank you for your attention.5.焦炎开场白：-Mr. President, ladies, and gentlemen:I never suspected that I was to have so great an honor, so carefully given, as to become a follower of the distinguished speaker who has just taken his seat.-Mr. President and gentlemen:I am obliged to my friend Dr. Clarke for the complimentary terms in which he has presented me to you. But I must appeal to your commiseration. Harvard and Yale! Can any undergraduate of either institution, can any recent graduate of either institution, imagine aman responding to that toast? However, I must make the best of the position, and speak of some points upon which the two institutions are clearly agreed. And here I am reminded of a story of a certain New England farmer, who said that he and ‘Squire Jones had more cows between them than all the rest of the village; and his brag being disputed, he said he could prove it, for the ‘Squire had forty-five cows and he had one, and the village altogether had not forty-six.-Honorable Vice Premier Madame Wu Yi,Distinguished guests,Ladies and gentlemen:On behalf of Emerson, I would like to thank you for this great honor to share our thoughts with you regarding economic development and investment inside China. For many years, Emerson has participated in this important conference and I am delighted to be here addressing this gathering today--- a tremendous honor.结束语：-Once again, I would like to thank the Ministry of Commerce and the CIFIT conference for giving me the opportunity to talk to you today. Have a good day and thanks for listening.-So, I close in saying that I might have been given a bad break, but I've got an awful lot to live for.6.祝元坤开场白：--Good morning everybody! It's my honor to speak here, and I am very glad to share my topic with you. Then today I'd like to talk something about...-Good morning! I feel really honored to stand here and make a presentation. Today I'm going to look together with you into this topic:-Good afternoon everyone! First, I am so pleased to have a presentation here. Today, I am going to talk about...结束语：-That's all. Thank you for you attention！-Thank you for listening, if you have any question please be free to ask.7.王冠石开场白：-I may be permitted at the outset,to speak a little about the share that we have taken on this side of water in this great achievement which in its gloriousconsummation,now receives the applause of the world.-In this symposium my part is only to sit in silence.to express one's feeling as the end draws near to intimate a task.-I want to talk to you tonight from my heart on a subject of deep concern to everyone.结束语：-and so I end with a line from a Latin poet who uttered the message more than fifteen hundred years ago,"death plucks my ear and says:live-I am coming."-And finally we have that gentler phrase, that one which shows you another true side of the man,shows you that in his soldier heart there was room for other than glory war mottoes and in his tongue the gift to fitly phrase them-"let us have peace."8.韩修柱开场白：-Good morning，everyone，my honored teacher and my fellow students．I'm very honored to be the host for today's presentation this afternoon .my presentation is about extrusion process under warm temperature.Now let’s warmly welcome Mr./Mrs. ...to give uspresentation.-hello everyone,I am glad and proud of myself to be here to introduce our smart and experienced doctor,Mr.… .He will give us his new presentationabout… OK,let’s give him our warmly welcome.Thankyou.-Ladies and gentlemen,I am honored to be here to introduce Mr.…His presentation is about… as far as we know,…is the hot point in study field,I am sure you are interested in new development in this field,so I think we should listen this presentation carefully. L et’s welcom e Mr.…结束语：-That is all,thanks for your attention. Thank you!-Thanks for your attention.Maybe my presentation has some aspects you do not understand fully,you can ask me after the presentation. Maybe my presentation has something which is not correct,you can give me your advice and correct them,thanks again.-That is all my presentation,thanks for your coming,if you can have any questions,youcan ask me now.OK, thank you !9.袁鹤然开场白：-Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentleman,I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation. The title of my presentation is…-Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman,I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to report my research on such an occasion. Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda…-Mr. Chairman, representatives,The subject of my presentation/I shall be speaking today about/My presentation concerns/Today's topic is... There are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)结束语：-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Thank you all.-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/anoutline of... If there are any questions, please point them out and I would like to give further explanations.10.苏文涛开场白：-Good afternoon and thank you for coming today. My name is…, and I'm the Project Manager in Taipei for …-I am glad that I can stand here and give all of you my sp eech about…-Ladies and Gentlemen, you must have heard that….and today my topic is…结束语：-That is all. Thanks for your attention.-That is what I want to say, if you have any question, you can ask now.11.张可心开场白：-Good morning everyone!I am honored to be with you today to...-I'm very happy to have this opportunity to...结束语：-That's all, thank you.-Any other question please send email to... Thank youfor your attention.12.侯赵平开场白：-I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...-I am grateful for the opportunity to present...-I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...结束语：-Stay hungry. Stay foolish. Thank you all very much.-OK,thank you for listening,that's all.-That's it. We have known several habits which could be really amazing if you do them from now on. And... believe me...I am not fooling you, never! All right, now it's （下一个同学的名字或老师) time. Thank you everyone!13.何鹏开场白：-Good morning，ladies and gentlemen. The main ideas of my presentation are as follow:...-Mr. Chairman, thank you for introducing me to everyone here. It’s my honor to show my research results...-Thank you, Mr. Chairman. The meeting is excellent, and I am very glad here. My presentation include the following结束语：-That’s all! Thank you for your attention.-As an end, my presentation is over. Thank you!-That’s all! Thank you all!14.严柏平开场白：-Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman-The purpose of this plenary session is to...-I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation…结束语：-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of... -If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...15.张伟开场白：-Ladies and Gentlemen,today I will talk about....-Hello everybody, my name is zhangwei,now we will discuss...结束语：-Thank you all for listening.-Thanks.16. 聂凯波开场白：-Mr. chairman, ladies and gentlemen,The title of my presentation is ×××. I am very glad to have the opportunity to report my research on such an occasion. I will lay my stress on the following three aspects.-Mr. chairman,Thank you for your warm introduction and also for your efforts in making the opening of the conference so successful. Just now the over-praised introduction you gave me, I th ink, is meant for the study on ××× that I have been carrying on in recent years. Now I would like to say something about the study, and I will welcome your comments at the end.-Mr. chairman,It is a great honor to have the chance to report my research. Th e title of my presentation is ×××.结束语：-Now that I have finished my speech, I hope you willgive me your comments and suggestions. That will help me improve my work.-That’all for my talk. If there are any points that I didn’t make clearly, please point t hem out and I would like to give further explanations.17.杨晓光开场白：-Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, today my topic is…-Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I am very glad to give my presentation here today, my topic contains three points as follows…-Mr. chairman, Thank you for your warm introduction and also for your efforts in making the opening of the conference so successful. Just now the over-praised introduction you gave me, I think, is meant for the study on”…”, now I would like to say something about the study, and I will welcome your comments at the end…结束语：-That’s all, thank you everyone, thank you for your attention.-Now that I have finished my speech, I hope you’ll give me your comments and suggestions. That’ll help me improve my work.18.刘昕应对问题：-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.-Please can you save your questions till the end.-If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.-Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.-Please stop me if you have any questions.-If you need clarification on any point, you're welcome to ask questions at any time.-Can I come back to that point later?-I will be coming to that point in a minute.-That's a tricky question.-We will go into details later. But just to give you anidea of...-I am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...-Yes, that's a very good point.-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.-I think we have time for just one more question欢迎听众(正式)：-Welcome to our company-I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...-I'd like to thank you for coming.-May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming 欢迎听众(非正式)：-I'm glad you could all get here...-I'm glad to see so many people here.-It's great to be back here.-Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.-Welcome to X Part II.受邀请在会议上致词：-I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...-I am grateful for the opportunity to present...-I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...-Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman-It's my pleasant duty today to...-I've been asked to...告知演讲的话题：-the subject of my presentation is...-I shall be speaking today about...-My presentation concerns...-Today's topic is...-Today we are here to give a presentation on...-Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...-A brief look at today's agenda...(告诉听众所讲内容的先后顺序)-Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...-I shall be offering a brief analysis of...-the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...-Take a moment and think of...-Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...告诉听众发言的长度：-During the next ten minutes, I shall...-I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...-My presentation will last for about ten minutes...-I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...-I don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes... -I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief-I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...引起听众的兴趣：-I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.-My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...-At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...-I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...-the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...-Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...-By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...告诉听众内容要点：-there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)-I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally)-I've divided my talk into five parts...-I will deal with these topics in chronological order... -I'm going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem (...in general, ...more particularly).-I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it(...specifically, ... in a wider context).-there are (a number of) factors that may affect...-We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.-We all ought to be aware of the following points.结束语：-In conclusion, I'd like to...-I'd like to finish by...-Finally...-By way of conclusion...- hope I have made myself understood-I hope you have found this useful-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-Let me end by saying...-That, then was all I had to say on...-That concludes our presentation...-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of... -If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...-Thank you for your attention...-Let's break for a coffee at this point-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had欧阳美创编 2021.01.01 欧阳美创编 2021.01.01 better stop here-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you欧阳美创编 2021.01.01 欧阳美创编 2021.01.01。

成功英语演讲的秘诀：开场白、结束语应对问题-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.-Please can you save your questions till the end? -If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.-Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.-Please stop me if you have any questions.-If you need clarification on any point, you're welcome to ask questions at any time.-Can I come back to that point later?-I will be coming to that point in a minute.-That's a tricky question.-We will go into details later. But just to give you an idea of...-I am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...-Yes, that's a very good point.-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.-I think we have time for just one more question欢迎听众(正式)- Welcome to our company- I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...- I'd like to thank you for coming.- May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming欢迎听众(非正式)- I'm glad you could all get here...- I'm glad to see so many people here.- It's great to be back here.- Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.- Welcome to X Part II.受邀请在会议上致词- I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...- I am grateful for the opportunity to present...- I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...- Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman- It's my pleasant duty today to...- I've been asked to...告知演讲的话题- the subject of my presentation is...- I shall be speaking today about...- My presentation concerns...- Today's topic is...- Today we are here to give a presentation on...- Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...- A brief look at today's agenda...(告诉听众所讲内容的先后顺序)- Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...- I shall be offering a brief analysis of...- the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...- Take a moment and think of...- Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...告诉听众发言的长度- During the next ten minutes, I shall...- I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...- My presentation will last for about ten minutes...- I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...- I don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...- I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief- I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...- I shall only take …minutes of your time.- I plan to be brief.- This should only last …minutes.引起听众的兴趣- I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.- My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...- At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long... - I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...- the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...- Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...- By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...告诉听众内容要点- there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)- I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally)- I've divided my talk into five parts...- I will deal with these topics in chronological order...- I'm going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem (...in general, ...more particularly).- I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it(...specifically, ... in a wider context).- there are (a number of) factors that may affect...- We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.- We all ought to be aware of the following points.-The subject can be looked at under the following headings:….-We can break this area down into the following fields:-First/First of all…-Secondly/then/next…-Thirdly/and then we come to…结束语-In conclusion, I'd like to...-I'd like to finish by...- Finally/lastly/last of all….-By way of conclusion...-I hope I have made myself understood-I hope you have found this useful-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-Let me end by saying...-That, then was all I had to say on...-That concludes our presentation...-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...-If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...-Thank you for your attention...-Let's break for a coffee at this point-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you回答问题I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of the my talk.If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.Please interrupt me if there’s something which needs clarifying. Otherwise, there’ll be time for discussion at the endOpening Remarks开场：Sample Opening Remarks1)Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction. Mr. Chairman, Ladies andgentleman, Good morning! I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium.2)Ladies and gentlemen. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.3)Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background. I started out in….4)Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today.5)Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It’s a pleasure to be with you today.6)Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind introduction. President, Distinguished colleagues,Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! Is my voice loud enough?7)Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to youabout…8)Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I startmy speech, let me ask you a question. By a show of hands, how many of you own a car?9)I’d like to talk(to you) about….I’m going to present the recent…explain our position on…brief you on….inform you about…describe…10)The subject/focus/topic of my presentation….11)We are here today to decide…agree…learn about….12)The purpose of this talk is to update you onput you in the picture about…give you the background to…Expressing thanks to the Chairperson 向主持人致谢Mr. Chairman, thank you for your introduction.First, I would like to thank Mr. Chairman for his gracious introduction.Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction.I would like to thank Dr. Huang （主持人或推荐你来发言的上司）for permitting me the privilege to speak to this audience.Shifting to the Next Main PointThe next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.That brings me to my second point.I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that is the application of the formula.Resuming the TopicLet' s come back to what I said in the first part of my speech.Getting back to the subject of the problem of theoretical considerations we can find that...I want to return to the first part of my presentation.Now, to get back to the effect of temperature, you may be aware that the problems have been solved.This brings me back to the question of security.At this point I would like to refer again to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture.Referring again to the first question, I think...Referring to the Coming PointI'll deal with it later.I'll touch upon that point in a moment.I shall tell you in detail shortly.Others 细节，如确认话筒音量Can you hear me all right?Is my voice too loud?First I want to check if all of you can hear me clearly.Am I speaking clearly and loudly enough for those in the rear of the room?I wonder if those in the rear of the room can hear me.If those in the rear of the room can hear me, would someone please raise his hand?Can you hear me clearly?Can you hear me if I am away from the microphone?Is the microphone working?Reference to the Audience 与听众呼应I can see many of you are from …department.I know many of you are familiar with this topic.You all look as though you’ve heard this before.I understand that you’ve all traveled a long way./ After hours of conference, you must feel a little tired. Now I’d like you to see an interesting topic…Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入话题Background InformationI would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery.Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.To begin with, we have to consider the principle.I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.I should like to preface my remarks with a de script ion of the basic idea.May I begin with a general outline of this project?The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture.The first point I'd like to make is the historical background of the invention.First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.Well, let's move on to the next point.We will now come to the second problem.Turning to the next question, I' 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results. Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation.That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.Explaining the Contents on the SlidesThis slide demonstrates ...On this slide, you can see...This curve in this slide shows...This figure in this slide exhibits...This table on this slide presents...This diagram on this slide depicts...This chart on this slide displaces ...The picture on this slide shows ...The photomicrograph on this slide shows ...The flow-chart on this slide points out...The circuit diagram on this slide represents~...~Indicating the Sources of the Content in aThis figure is taken from.., by Dr. Li.This diagram is after that of Prof. Wang with some modificationDemanding to Show the Next SlideMay I proceed to the next slide, please?I think we can move on to the next slide.Let me show you the next slide.Now, we can go on to the next slide. 'Next slide, please.Next, please.Next !Comprehensive SamplesSample 1Thank you, Mr. Chairperson, Mr. Director-General, distinguished members of the ILO's Governing Body and friends. I welcome this opportunity to be here today, with an Organization which in many ways belongs to all of us workers. I can think of, in fact, no other international body that one can claim as one's own so unambiguously.I have also had a longstanding formal association with the ILO. Many of my early pieces on women and technological change and on land rights were published by the ILO, as well as was the work of many other scholars. It is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this important Symposium.The canvas of the Symposium is very large. I will focus on two aspects of gender inequality that centrally effect millions of women as workers but perhaps have failed to receive the attention they deserve. First, the gender gap in command over property and Productive assets and, second, gender biased social perceptions and social norms.Sample 2I learned last May that you have to be careful in speaking to a group of professional communicators. After I conducted a writer' s workshop at the Toronto Conference of the International Association of Business Communicators, Janine Lichaczwrote asked me to speak here tonight and used the communication techniques I had recommended. She even included a footnote citing my lecture. I am susceptible to good communication and to flattery so I am pleased to be with you to discuss your topic for the evening, the use of language in the art of speech writing.I suppose we must begin by shaking our heads, woefully, over the sad state of language today, whether in formal speeches, casual conversation, or in writing. Most of us in this room no doubt agree with the generally negative tone of Time Magazine's year-end assessment which claims “our language has been besieged by vulgarities”. But to preserve our sanity as professionals in communication of us would probably join Time in optimistically expecting English somehow to survive and even to prosper.。

英语presentation范文商务全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Business English PresentationIntroduction:Good morning/afternoon everyone, my name is [Your Name], and today I will be giving a presentation on the topic of Business English. Business English is the language used in international business communication, and it plays a crucial role in today's globalized business world.Benefits of Business English:Firstly, let's talk about the benefits of learning Business English. Business English is essential for effective communication with clients, colleagues, and partners from different countries. By mastering Business English, you can build strong relationships, negotiate effectively, and close deals successfully. Moreover, Business English opens up new career opportunities and enhances your professional skills.Key Concepts in Business English:Now, let's discuss some key concepts in Business English. In business communication, it's important to be clear, concise, and professional. Use formal language, avoid slang and jargon, and pay attention to tone and etiquette. Remember to adapt your communication style to your audience, whether it's a formal presentation, a business email, or a conference call.Tips for Improving Business English Skills:Next, I'd like to share some tips for improving your Business English skills. First, practice speaking and writing regularly. Join English-speaking clubs, attend business workshops, and read business articles. Second, expand your vocabulary by learning industry-specific terms and expressions. Third, seek feedback from native speakers or language tutors to refine your pronunciation and grammar.Role of Business English in International Business:In conclusion, Business English is a key factor in the success of international business. It enables effective communication, fosters relationships, and drives business growth. By honing your Business English skills, you can become a confident and influential communicator in the global business arena.Thank you for your attention. I hope you found this presentation informative and inspiring. Please feel free to ask any questions or share your thoughts on Business English.篇2Business English PresentationGood morning/afternoon/evening everyone. My name is [Your Name] and I am here today to give a presentation on [Topic of Presentation].The main purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of [Topic of Presentation] and discuss its impact on the business world. Throughout this presentation, I will be covering the following key points:1. Introduction to [Topic of Presentation]:I will begin by providing a brief background on the subject and its relevance in today's business environment.2. Importance of [Topic of Presentation]:Next, I will discuss why [Topic of Presentation] is important for businesses and how it can contribute to their growth and success.3. Benefits of [Topic of Presentation]:I will outline the various benefits that [Topic of Presentation] can bring to a business, including increased productivity, efficiency, and profitability.4. Challenges and Opportunities:I will also address some of the challenges that businesses may face when implementing [Topic of Presentation], as well as the opportunities that can arise from overcoming these challenges.5. Case Studies:I will present some real-life case studies of companies that have successfully integrated [Topic of Presentation] into their operations and the positive impact it has had on their business.6. Future Outlook:Finally, I will discuss the future outlook of [Topic of Presentation] and how businesses can leverage it to stay competitive in the rapidly changing business landscape.In conclusion, [Topic of Presentation] is a powerful tool that can help businesses streamline their operations, increase their productivity, and drive growth. By embracing this innovative approach, businesses can position themselves for long-term success in today's dynamic business environment.Thank you for your attention. I will now open the floor for any questions or discussions.篇3Title: Business English Presentation SampleGood morning/afternoon everyone,Today I will be giving a presentation on the topic of effective communication in business. Communication is a vital aspect of any organization, as it is a means of transferring information, sharing ideas, and building relationships. In the context of business, effective communication can make or break a deal, impact employee morale, and influence customer loyalty.To begin with, let's discuss the importance of verbal communication in a business setting. Verbal communication refers to the use of spoken words to convey messages. It is crucial in meetings, presentations, negotiations, and client interactions. To ensure effective verbal communication, it is essential to speak clearly, concisely, and confidently. It is also important to actively listen to others, ask clarifying questions, and provide feedback when necessary.In addition to verbal communication, written communication is equally important in business. Written communicationincludes emails, memos, reports, and business letters. When writing, it is crucial to use proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation. It is also important to tailor the message to the audience, structure the information logically, and use a professional tone.Furthermore, nonverbal communication plays a significant role in business interactions. Nonverbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and gestures can convey a lot of information about a person's attitude, emotions, and intentions. To ensure effective nonverbal communication, it is important to maintain eye contact, use open and welcoming body language, and show genuine interest in the conversation.Moreover, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important in today's globalized business world. With companies operating in multiple countries and dealing with diverse customers and clients, it is essential to understand and respect different cultural norms, values, and communication styles. By being aware of and adapting to cultural differences, businesses can avoid misunderstandings, build trust, and foster stronger relationships.In conclusion, effective communication is a critical skill for success in business. By mastering the art of verbal, written, andnonverbal communication, businesses can enhance productivity, build strong relationships, and achieve their goals. Remember, communication is not just about talking - it's about listening, understanding, and connecting with others. Thank you for your attention.That concludes my presentation. Thank you for listening. If you have any questions, I will be happy to answer them.。

interim_results_presentation中文
本季度，我公司的收入为XXX万元，同比增长XX%。

净利润为XXX 万元，同比增长XX%。

我们的现金流量稳健，并且我们的债务水平得到了控制。

市场表现：
我公司的市场份额增长了XX%，我们的新产品和服务得到了客户的热烈欢迎和认可。

我们已经在市场上建立起了强有力的品牌形象，并且在客户满意度方面取得了良好的成果。

未来展望：
尽管我们在本季度取得了令人满意的成果，但是我们也意识到市场竞争的激烈性和变化性。

因此，我们将继续加强我们的研发投入，不断推出新的产品和服务，以满足客户的需求。

我们谨此感谢各位股东的支持和信任，我们将继续努力，为您创造价值和财富。

谢谢！
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