CIQ 模拟题 part I Ch 1-5 test

（下册试卷）第一部分：判断题P1, 国民政府公布了《商品检验法》是中国第一部关于进出口商品检验的法律。

P2, 1989年2月，第七届全国人大常委会第六次会议审议通过了《输出输入商品检验暂行条例》P3，国家质检总局的职能是我国最大的进出口商品官方检验机构，P4，国家质检总局是由原国家出入境检验检疫局与原国家质量技术监督局于2001年4月10日合并组建。

P5，直属出入境检验检疫局承担所辖行政区域的进出口商品检验和监督管理工作，是综合性的进出口商品检验管理机关。

P6，定性分析中反应物浓度是参加反应的物质的离子浓度必须足够小以保证反应发生并完全完成。

P7, 进出口商品检验基本工作程序：受理报检，审阅单证，明确检验依据和标准，制定检验方案，实施检验方法，报告检验结果，记录存档P8，国际贸易所涉币种多、贸易量大，由此产生了检验需要，从而产生了从事进出口商品检验工作的商品检验机构。

P9，鸦片战争后，外商纷纷涌入我国，垄断了我国的对外贸易及与之有关的外汇金融、航运、进出口商品检验、保险等部门。

P10，1864年，英商仁记洋行来华开办保险鉴定业务，代办LIOD’S（劳埃德）的一切水险鉴定业务和船舶检验的工作。

P11， 1928年，当时的国民政府工商部公布了《商品出口检验暂行规则》。

规定设立商品出口检验局，对生丝、茶叶、棉麻等八类出口商品进行检验。

P12， 1929年，工商部颁布《商品出口检验局暂行章程》，同年4月1日，工商部南京商品检验局成立，这是中国第一个国家设立的官方商品检验局。

1930年，又在汉口、青岛、天津、广州设立了4个商品检验局。

P13，《商检法》实施后，国家商检局根据该法第31条的规定，制定了《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法实施条例》于1992年10月发布施行。

P14，商检机构通过对出口商品的检验，保证出口商品的安全，把出口商品安全方面存在的问题及时反馈给有关部门并提出改进意见，督促生产企业改进工艺，完善质量管理，提高商品质量，以达到扩大出口，避免退货或索赔的目的。

Units 1---5单元测试题1. About 80 percent of the students in our school_____ been working on the program and abouttwo-thirds of the work _____been finished.A. have; hasB. has; have,C. have; haveD. has; has /2. It is Tom rather than his classmates that _____responsible for what has happened.A. are B is C. were D. was3. A number of books ______ been stolen from the library since the beginning of this term and thenumber _____ as large as 500.A. have; areB. has; isC. have; isD. has; are4. Six years _____ passed and six years _____ not a short time.A. has; isB. have; areC. has; isD. have; is5. The exploration team _____made up of 18 strong men and the team ____ making preparationsfor climbing the snow-covered mountain.A. are; areB. is; areC. is; isD. are; is6. The chief engineer and general manager _____meeting some foreign friends in themeeting—room, after which he and his foreign friends _____going to attend a welcome party in the evening.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are7. It is not sure whether you or he _____ to go to the meeting, so you each ______to get prepared.A. are; has B; is; have C. is; have D. is; has8. Where to get the information and how to get it ______ at the meeting.A. is to be discussedB. is to discussC. are to be discussedD. are to discuss9. What he needs _____money but what I need _____ means to make money.A. is; isB. are; areC. is; areD. are; is10. No teacher and no student ______ to use the computer to play gamesA. allowsB. permitC. are allowedD. is permitted11. I am one of the students who _____ English well in my class but he is the only one of us ______ maths well.A. studies; learnsB. study; learnsC. study; learnD. studies; learn12. All that can been done _____ been done and all that should be praised _____ been praised.A. has; haveB. have; haveC. has; hasD. have; has13. Having arrived at the station, _____.A. it was found that the train had leftB. the train had leftC. the train was found leftD. he found that the train had left14. ---Would you mind ______the window? It’s a bit cold here.---Not at all. Go ahead.A. closingB. to closeC. me to closeD. me closing15. With the coming of the Spring Festival, the peasant workers are looking forward to ______ anxiously.A. to be paidB. being paidC. to payD. paying16. _______the question made her teacher angry and upset.A. Mary refuses to answerB. Mary refusing to answerC. Mary’s refusing to answerD. Mary’s refusing answering17. The naughty boy is really ________. He is always making his parents _______.A. disappointed; disappointedB. disappointing; disappointingC. disappointed; disappointingD. disappointing; disappointed18. His _______ look made his to little daughters ________.A. frightening; frightenedB. frightened; frightenedC. frightening; frighteningD. frightened; frightened19. The missing boy was last seen ________ on the river bank.A. to playB. playC. playingD. played20. She went to the supermarket and _______ what she needed, she returned home, light-hearted.A. boughtB. having boughtC. buyingD. to have bought21. There is a note left for me on the table, _______ “Call back the moment you return”.A. readB. readsC. being readD. reading22. They often send e-mails to each other, _______ each other to make further progress in everything.A. encouragingB. to encourageC. encourageD. encouraged23. Table tennis is played by millions and millions of people across China, _____it the mostpopular sport in the country.A. to makeB. having madeC. makingD. made24. ________ from her for a long time, I decided to write to her again.A. Having not heardB. Not hearingC. Not heardD. Not having heard25. The old teacher lay wide awake on his bed, _______ all the problems he had to deal with the next day.A. thought aboutB. to think aboutC. thinking aboutD. having thought aboutII 完形填空There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world.But ___26___ a few of them are very ___27___. English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U. S. A, but in other parts of the world. About 200, 000, 000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a ___28___ language. Many millions are ___29__ to do so.Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different ___30___. Have you ever __31___ the ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines?“Learn English in six month, or your __32___ back ...” “Easy and funny? Our records and tapes __33___ you master your English in a month. __34___ the first day your ___35___ will be excellent. Just send ...” Of course, it never ___36___ quite like this.The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should ___37___ that we all learned our own language well when we were ___38___. If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. ___39___ what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and ___40___ in it all the time, just imagine how much ___41___ that gets!So it is ___42___ to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English ___43___ upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and ___44___ much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will ___45___. But they cannot do the student’s work for him.26. A. not B. quite C. only D. very27. A. difficult B. important C. necessary D. easy28. A. native B. foreign C. useful D. mother29. A. learning B. enjoying C. trying D. liking30. A. questions B. problems C. ideas D. answers31. A. found B. watched C. noticed D. known32. A. knowledge B. time C. money D. English33. A. make B. help C. let D. allow34. A. From B. On C. Since D. After35. A. spelling B. grammar C. English D. pronunciation36. A. happened B. know C. seemed D. felt37. A. know B. remember C. understand D. think38. A. students B. children C. babies D. grown-ups39. A. Imagine B. Mind C. Do D. Think of40. A. using B. thinking C. trying D. practicing41. A. time B. money C. language D. practice42. A. hard B. easy C. funny D. silly43. A. depends B. tries C. has D. takes44. A. uses B. takes C. gets D. costs45. A. do B. work C. help D. masterIII 阅读理解AThe deserts of the world are not all covered with sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay or small stones. They are not flat, either. They often have high hills and deep valleys. There is some plants’ life in many parts of the desert. There is little rain in the desert, but it does fall often enough for most plants.The deserts of the world are not uninhabited(not lived by people). People also live outside oases(绿洲), but these people are not farmers. They have camels, goats, donkeys, sheep, etc. These animals can live on the desert plants and do not need much water.The people of the desert have to move constantly from place to place, they must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in tents. When there is no more food for their animals, they fold up their tents, pat them on their camels and donkeys, and move to another place. In good years, when there is enough food for their animals, they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit. But in bad years, when there is not enough food for their animals, the people of the desert would attack the oases people. But they are also hospitable, no man in the desert would ever refuse to give a stranger food and water.46. according to the passage, deserts are mostly made up of _______.A. clayB. rockC. sandD. stones47. The underlined word “hospitable” has the meaning of being _______.A. braveB. cruelC. strangeD. kind48. In the desert _______.A. it rains in spring onlyB. it rains for a short time every monthC. there is some rain, but far from enoughD. the rainfall is just enough for the plants49. People live _______.A. only inside the oasesB. only outside the oasesC. both inside and outside the oasesD. in places with regular rainfalls50. From the passage we know that life _______.A. is hard in desertsB. is happy in desertsC. is impossible in desertsD. in deserts in much better nowBA desert is a beautiful land of silence and space. The sun shines, the wind blows, and time and space seem endless. Nothing is soft. The sand and rocks are hard, and many of the plants even have hard needles instead of leaves.The size and location(分布) of the world’s deserts are always changing. Over millions of years, as climates change and mountains rise, new dry and wet areas develop. But within the last 100 yeas, deserts have been growing at a frightening speed. This is partly because of natural changes, but the greatest makers are humans.Humans can make deserts, but humans can also prevent their growth. Algeria Mauritania is planting a similar wall around Nouakchott, the capital. Iran puts a thin covering of petroleum(石油) on sandy areas and plants trees. The oil keeps the water and small trees in the land, and men on motorcycles(摩托车) keep the sheep and goats away. The USSR and India are building long canals to bring water to desert areas.51. In this passage, “needles” refers to _______.A. small, thin pieces of steel.B. long, thin pieces of branches.C. small pointed growth on the stem(茎) of a plant.D. small, thin pieces of sticks.52. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The greatest desert makers are humans.B. There aren’t any living things in the deserts.C. Deserts have been growing quickly.D. The size of the deserts is always changing.53. People in some countries are fighting a battle against _______.A. the growth of desertsB. the disappearance of desert plantsC. natural changesD. congenital climate54. We can guess that Mauritania and Algeria belong to _______.A. Asian countriesB. American countriesC. European countiesD. African countries55. Choose the sentence which best gives the main idea of the passage.A. The deserts of the world are always changing.B. Man is to take measures to control the growth of the world’s deserts.C. Deserts are lands of silence and space.D. Deserts have grown at a fast pace in the past 10 years.C根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

品质考试试题A quality examination test (品质考试试题)IntroductionQuality examination tests play a vital role in evaluating the standard and excellence of a product or service. These tests are designed to assess various aspects, including performance, reliability, durability, and overall customer satisfaction. In this article, we will explore a set of quality examination test questions and discuss their relevance in ensuring superior product quality.Question 1: Performance EvaluationDescribe the importance of performance evaluation in maintaining product quality. Provide examples of key performance metrics that can be used to assess the effectiveness of a product.Performance evaluation is crucial in maintaining product quality as it determines how well a product fulfills its intended purpose. By measuring key performance metrics, manufacturers can identify areas for improvement and optimize their products for enhanced customer satisfaction. Some examples of performance metrics include:1. Speed: How quickly a product performs a task or completes an operation.2. Accuracy: The degree to which a product provides precise and reliable results.3. Efficiency: The amount of resources (time, energy, etc.) a product consumes to complete a given task.4. Responsiveness: The product's ability to quickly respond to user commands or inputs.5. Capacity: The maximum workload a product can handle effectively without compromising performance.Question 2: Reliability AssessmentExplain why reliability assessment is essential for ensuring product quality. Outline the methods that can be used to evaluate and measure product reliability.Reliability assessment is essential as it reflects a product's ability to consistently perform its intended function without failure or breakdown. Reliable products instill trust and confidence in customers, leading to increased satisfaction and loyalty. Several methods can be used to evaluate and measure product reliability:1. Failure Rate Analysis: Tracking and analyzing the frequency of product failures over time.2. Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): Calculating the average time interval between consecutive failures.3. Mean Time to Failure (MTTF): Estimating the expected time until a product fails under normal operating conditions.4. Warranty Claim Analysis: Examining the number of warranty claims and repairs required.5. Field Testing: Assessing a product's performance in real-world conditions.Question 3: Durability TestingDiscuss the significance of durability testing and its impact on ensuring long-lasting product quality. Provide examples of durability testing methods that can be employed.Durability testing is crucial for verifying a product's ability to withstand extended usage, harsh conditions, and potential wear and tear. By subjecting products to rigorous tests, manufacturers can ensure their longevity and resilience. Some examples of durability testing methods include:1. Accelerated Life Testing: Simulating the effects of long-term use by subjecting products to extreme conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) over a shorter time period.2. Vibration Testing: Assessing a product's ability to withstand vibrations and shocks encountered during transportation, usage, or installation.3. Environmental Testing: Evaluating a product's performance under different environmental conditions, such as extreme temperatures, humidity, or exposure to sunlight.4. Drop Testing: Measuring a product's ability to withstand impact and sudden drops from specific heights.5. Fatigue Testing: Testing a product's resistance to repeated loading or stress over a specified period.Question 4: Customer Satisfaction EvaluationExplain the importance of evaluating customer satisfaction in determining product quality. Describe the methods that can be used to gauge customer satisfaction effectively.Evaluating customer satisfaction is crucial as it provides valuable insights into how well a product meets the needs and expectations of consumers. Satisfied customers are more likely to become loyal brand advocates, leading to increased sales and positive word-of-mouth. Various methods can be used to gauge customer satisfaction effectively:1. Surveys: Conducting structured questionnaires to gather feedback from customers regarding their overall satisfaction, product performance, and areas for improvement.2. Customer Reviews and Ratings: Monitoring and analyzing online reviews and ratings provided by customers on platforms such as e-commerce websites or social media.3. Focus Groups: Organizing group discussions with customers to delve deeper into their experiences, preferences, and suggestions for product improvement.4. Net Promoter Score (NPS): Measuring customer loyalty by assessing the likelihood of customers recommending the product to others.5. Complaint Analysis: Analyzing customer complaints and feedback received through various channels to identify recurring issues and take appropriate corrective actions.ConclusionQuality examination tests serve as valuable tools in ensuring superior product quality. By evaluating performance, reliability, durability, and customer satisfaction, manufacturers can optimize their products to meet and exceed consumer expectations. Employing various testing methods and metrics enables companies to identify areas for improvement, enhance customer experiences, and establish a competitive advantage in the market.。

报检水平考试模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 基础英语单选题 3. 多项选择题 6. 判断题单项选择题请在下列各题的答案选项中选出最合适的答案，在答题卡上将该题相对应答案的字母标号框涂满。

（每题1分，共40分）1．“The goods are in nude.”means()。

A．The goods are packed with wooden boxB．The goods are packed with iron boxC．No basket is used for the goodsD．No package is used for the goods正确答案：D2．如果进口的旧设备，该厂在进口前应事先申请办理()。

A．动植物检疫审批B．卫生注册登记C．强制性产品认证人D．旧机电产品备案正确答案：D3．关于自理报检单位的权利，以下表述错误的是()。

[2006年第二次、2007年第二次考试真题]A．根据检验检疫法律法规规定办理出入境货物的报检手续B．可办理代理报检业务C．可要求检验检疫机构及其工作人员对所提供的报检资料予以保密D．对检验检疫结果有异议的可按规定申请复验正确答案：B4．装载出口冷冻水产品(检验检疫类别为P.R/Q.S)的集装箱不需实施()。

A．卫生检疫B．动植物检疫C．适载检验D．使用鉴定正确答案：D5．1929年，工商部()商品检验局成立，这是中国第一家由国家设立的官方商品检验局。

A．北京B．南京C．上海D．广州正确答案：C6．可用作原料的废物的进口单位应事先取得()签发的《进口废物批准证书》。

A．国家质检总局B．国家环保总局C．海关总署D．商务部正确答案：B7．()指法定入境检验检疫货物的收货人或其代理人持有关证单向卸货口岸检验检疫机构报检，获取入境货物通关单并通关后由进境口岸检验检疫机构进行必要的检疫处理，最后由目的地进行监管的报检。

A．入境一般报检B．入境流向报检C．入境特殊报检D．异地施检报检正确答案：B解析：入境流向报检亦称口岸清关转异地进行检验检疫的报检，是指法定入境检验检疫货物的货主或其代理人持有关单据在卸货口岸向口岸检验检疫机构报检，获取《入境货物通关单》(四联)并通关后，由入境口岸检验检疫机构进行必要的检疫处理，货物调往目的地后，法定人境检验检疫货物的收货人或其代理人再向目的地检验检疫机构申报，由目的地检验检疫机构进行检验检疫监管的报检。

itest四级模拟测试答案2022模拟考试5part i writing (30 minutes)directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it. you should write at least words but no more than words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________part ii listening comprehension (25 minutes)听力音频mp3文件，页面步入听力真题页面section adirections: in this section, you will hear three news reports. at the endof each news report, you will hear two or three questions. both the newsreport and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. a) the return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.b) a new hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife.c) a father's message for his daughter.d) the history of a century-old motel.2. a) she wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.b) she wanted to honor her father's promise.c) she had been asked by her father to do so.d) she was excited to see her father's handwriting.questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. a) people were concerned about the number of bees.b) several cases of zika disease had been identified.c) two million bees were infected with disease.d) zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.4. a) it apologized to its customers.b) it was forced to kill its bees.c) it lost a huge stock of bees.d) it lost 2.5 million dollars.questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. a) it stayed in the air for about two hours.b) it took off and landed on a football field.c) it proved to be of high commercial value.d) it made a series of sharp turns in the sky.6. a) engineering problems.b) the air pollution it produced.c) inadequate funding.d) the opposition from the military.7. a) it uses the latest aviation technology.b) it flies faster than a commercial jet.c) it is a safer means of transportation.d) it is more environmentally friendly.section bdirections: in this section, you will hear two long conversations. at the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d).then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. a) it seems a depressing topic.b) it sounds quite alarming.c) it has little impact on our daily life.d) it is getting more serious these days.9. a) the man doesn't understand spanish.b) the woman doesn't really like dancing.c) they don't want something too noisy.d) they can't make it to the theatre in time.10. a) it would be more fun without mr. whitehead hosting.b) it has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.c) it is the most amusing show he has ever watched.d) it is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.11. a) watch a comedy.b) go and see the dance.c) book the tickets online.d) see a film with the man.questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. a) most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.b) she simply has no idea what school to transfer to.c) there are too many activities for her to cope with.d) she worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.13. a) seek advice from senior students.b) pick up some meaningful hobbies.c) participate in after-school activities.d) look into what the school offers.14. a) give her help whenever she needs it.b) accept her as a transfer student.c) find her accommodation on campus.d) introduce her to her roommates.15. a) she has interests similar to mr. lee's.b) she has become friends with catherine.c) she has chosen the major catherine has.d) she has just transferred to the college.section cdirections: in this section, you will hear three passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. a) to investigate how being overweight impacts on health.b) to find out which physical drive is the most powerful.c) to discover what most mice like to eat.d) to determine what feelings mice have.17. a) when they are hungry.b) when they are thirsty.c) when they smell food.d) when they want company.18. a) they search for food in groups.b) they are overweight when food is plenty.c) they prefer to be with other mice.d) they enjoy the company of other animals.questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. a) its construction started before world war i.b) its construction cost more than $ 40 billion.c) it is efficiently used for transport.d) it is one of the best in the world.20. a) to improve transportation in the countryside.b) to move troops quickly from place to place.c) to enable people to travel at a higher speed.d) to speed up the transportation of goods.21. a) in the s.b) in the s.c) in the s.d) in the s.questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. a) chatting while driving.b) messaging while driving.c) driving under age.d) speeding on highways.23. a) a gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel.b) a gadget to charge the phone in a car.c) a device to control the speed of a vehicle.d) a device to ensure people drive with both hands.24. a) the car keeps flashing its headlights.b) the car slows down gradually to a halt.c) they are alerted with a light and a sound.d) they get a warning on their smart phone.25. a) installing a camera.b) using a connected app.c) checking their emails.d) keeping a daily record.part ⅲ reading comprehension (40 minutes)section adirections: in this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. please mark the corresponding letter for each item on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.an office tower on miller street in manchester is completely covered in solar panels. they are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. when the tower was first 26 in , it was covered with thin square stones. these small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 . during this renovation the building's owners, cis, 28 the solar panel company, solarcentury. they agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. in , the completed cis tower became europe's largest 29 of vertical solar panels. a vertical solar project on such a large 30 has never been repeated since.covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the cis tower was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". for a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the united kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by the millbank tower.green buildings like this aren't 32 cost-efficient for the investor, butit does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil fuels. as solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of 35 , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.a) cheaper b) cleaner c) collection d) competed e) constructed f) consulted g) dimension h) discovered i) eventually j) height k) necessarily l) production m) range n) scale o) undertakensection bdirections: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.some college students are angry that they have to pay to do their homeworka) digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. as universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that's replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.b) the codes—which typically range in price from $ 80 to $ per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like mcgraw hill and pearson. these companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.c) but critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. while they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.d) "when we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (寡头垄断), a new way to lock students around this system," said ethan senack, the higher education advocate for the u.s. public interest research group, to buzzfeed news. "rather than $ (for a print textbook) you're paying $ ," said senack. "but because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out."e) sarina harpet, a 19-year-old student at virginia tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in —pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. she told buzzfeed news that her freshman chemistry class required her to use connect, a system provided by mcgraw hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. but the code to access the program cost $ —a big sum for harper, who had already put down $ for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.f) she decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ - $ , to pay for the code. she knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. "it's a balancing act," she said. "can i reallyafford these access codes now?" she didn't hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.g) the access codes may be another financial headache for students, butfor textbook businesses, they're the future. mcgraw hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in march that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in . the company said that 45% of its $ million revenue in "was derived from digital products."h) a pearson spokesperson told buzzfeed news that "digital materials are less expensive and a good investment" that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. mcgraw hill didn't respond to a request for comment, butits ceo david levin told the financial times in august that "in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over."i) the textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. "these digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features," david anderson, the executive director of higher education with the association of americanpublishers, told buzzfeed news. "it helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments."j) david hunt, an associate professor in sociology at augusta university, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told buzzfeed news that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. but he doesn't require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "i try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculu "the online systems may make my life a lot easier but i feel like i'm giving up control. the discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most."k) a 20-year-old junior at georgia southern university told buzzfeed news that she normally spends $ -$ on access codes for class. in one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. this year she said she spent $ on access codes to books and programs. "that's two months of rent," she said. "you can't sell any of it back. with a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30 - $ 50 and that helps to pay for your new semester's books. with an access code, you're out of that money. "l) benjamin wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the university of south carolina, told buzzfeed news that "it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework." many of the access codes he's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. "often it's only 10% of your grade in class." he said. "you're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn't have it, it would affect your grades enough. it would be bad to start out at a b or c." wolverton said he spent $ on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.m) harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. she rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $ 20 each. but her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $ and $ 85.n) she still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "we don't really have a missed assignment policy," she said. "if you miss it, you just miss it. i just got zeros on acouple of first assignments. i managed to pull everything back up. but as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun."36. a student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.37. the online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital syste38. if a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.39. mcgraw hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.40. many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business.41. one student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.42. digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.43. one student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.44. online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students.45. digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-drivenjust like the textbook business.section cdirections: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.passage onequestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. we know therisk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. but if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. there are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.after age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says dr. kirk daffner of brigham and women's hospital in boston.the brain ages just like the rest of the body. certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. and blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. but if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, daffner says.when you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more serious may be involved." forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.but even then, daffner says, people shouldn't panic. there are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants.you don't have to figure this out on your own. daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. and the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive (认知的) reserve, daffner says."read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways," he says. in other words, keep your brain busy and working. and also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.46. why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips?a) not all of them are symptoms of dementia.b) they occur only among certain groups of people.c) not all of them are related to one's age.d) they are quite common among fifty-year-olds.47. what happens as we become aged according to the passage?a) our interaction skills deteriorate.b) some parts of our brain stop functioning.c) communication within our brain weakens.d) our whole brain starts shrinking.48. which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?a) totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines.b) inability to recall details of one's life experiences.c) failure to remember the names of movies or actors.d) occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends.49. what should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?a) check the brain's cognitive reserve.b) stop medications affecting memory.c) turn to a professional for assistance.d) exercise to improve their well-being.50. what is dr. daffner's advice for combating memory loss?a) having regular physical and mental checkups.b) taking medicine that helps boost one's brain.c) engaging in known memory repair activities.d) staying active both physically and mentally.passage twoquestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.a letter written by charles darwin in has been returned to the smithsonian institution archives (档案馆) by the fbi after being stolen twice."we realized in the mid-s that it was missing," says effie kapsalis, head of the smithsonian insitution archives. "it was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the fbi is telling us. word got outthat it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes," and the intern put the letter back. "the intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it."decades passed. finally, the fbi received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to washington, d.c. their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. the fbi worked closely with the archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely smithsonian's property.the letter was written by darwin to thank an american geologist, dr. ferdinand vandeveer hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become yellowstone national park.the letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. "it was luckily in good shape," says kapsalis, "and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. it has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. after it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. one of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online."it would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. "archiving practices have changed greatly since the s," says kapsalis, "and we keep our high value documents in a safe that i don't even have access to."51. what happened to darwin's letter in the s?a) it was recovered by the fbi.b) it was stolen more than once.c) it was put in the archives for research purposes.d) it was purchased by the smithsonian archives.52. what did the fbi do after the recovery of the letter?a) they proved its authenticity.b) they kept it in a special safe.c) they arrested the suspect immediately.d) they pressed criminal charges in vain.53. what is darwin's letter about?a) the evolution of yellowstone national park.b) his cooperation with an american geologist.c) some geological evidence supporting his theory.d) his acknowledgement of help from a professional.54. what will the smithsonian institution archives do with the letter according to kapsalis?a) reserve it for research purposes only.b) turn it into an object of high interest.c) keep it a permanent secret.d) make it available online.55. what has the past half century witnessed according to kapsalis?a) growing interest in rare art objects.b) radical changes in archiving practices.c) recovery of various missing documents.d) increases in the value of museum exhibits.part iv translation (30 minutes)directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into english. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。

英语单元测试卷的第五单天测试卷英语作文Unfortunately, I cannot provide a sample of the fifth unit test paper because it is copyrighted material. However, I can provide you with some tips on how to perform well on the English unit test.Firstly, make sure you are familiar with the different components of the test, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and writing. Practice each of these areas separately to improve your skills.Secondly, review any study materials or notes from your class to reinforce your understanding of the material. It's important to study consistently in the days leading up to the test.Thirdly, do not leave any questions unanswered. Even if you are not sure about the correct answer, make an educated guess based on your understanding of the material.Fourthly, manage your time efficiently during the test. Spend more time on questions that you are confident in answering and come back to the more challenging ones later.Finally, do not stress about the test. Stay calm and focused, and remember that your teacher is assessing your progress and understanding of the material to help you improve.By following these tips, you can increase your chances of performing well on the English unit test. Good luck!。

临床免疫学和免疫学检验模拟习题含参考答案一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1、同一份血液进行蛋白质电泳时，血浆比血清多出一条带，该带的实质是( )。

A、甲胎蛋白B、C反应蛋白C、清蛋白D、纤维蛋白原E、免疫球蛋白正确答案：D2、作为治疗和紧急预防的制品是( )。

A、胎盘丙种球蛋白B、白喉抗毒素C、McAbD、单链抗体E、以上都不是正确答案：B3、酶免疫技术中的酶结合物是指( )。

A、酶标记抗原或抗体B、酶与底物的结合C、酶标记抗原D、结合在固相载体上的酶E、酶标记抗体正确答案：A4、主要目前应用最广、定量比较准确的免疫沉淀法是下列哪种方法？( )A、单向扩散试验B、絮状沉淀试验C、棋盘滴定法D、免疫比浊法E、双向扩散试验正确答案：D5、NBT还原试验常用来检测( )。

A、吞噬细胞吞噬能力B、吞噬细胞细胞内杀伤能力C、嗜酸性粒细胞活力D、中性粒细胞活力E、NK细胞活力正确答案：D答案解析：NBT硝基四氮唑蓝还原试验：用以检测中性粒细胞的胞内杀菌能力，由于中性粒细胞在杀菌过程中能量消耗剧增，耗氧量亦随之增加，磷酸己糖旁路代谢活力增强，葡萄糖－6－磷酸氧化脱氢，此时，加入NBT可接受所脱的氢，使原先呈淡黄色的NBT还原成点状或块状甲朊颗粒，并沉积在胞浆。

6、下列是自身抗体的有( )。

A、ENAB、RFC、ANAD、ASOE、以上都是正确答案：E7、定量检测病人外周血免疫球蛋白常用的方法是( )。

A、间接血凝试验B、双向琼脂扩散C、单向琼脂扩散D、外斐试验E、ELISA正确答案：C8、O/F试验应注意的内容是( )。

A、培养基pH准确B、封蜡管除氧C、仅含单独糖类D、培养基中糖与蛋白质比例准确E、以上均是正确答案：E9、下列哪一项不属于ELISA测定方法中所必需的试剂？( )A、固相的抗原或抗体B、酶标记的抗原或抗体C、酶作用的底物D、戊二醛交联剂E、终止剂正确答案：D10、血清中含量最高的补体分子是( )。

剑桥主体五级PET模拟试题三Section III Reading Comprehension(60 minutes)Part ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank _ issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us thecashless societyis not on the horizon-it's already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.41. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to .［A］withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes［B］obtain more convenient services than order people do［C］enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper［D］cash money where he wishes to42. From the last sentec of the first paragraph we learn that.［A］in the future all the Americans will use credit cards［B］credit cards are mainly used in the United States today［C］nowadays many Americans did not pay in cash［D］it is now more convenient or use credit cards than before43. The phrasering up salesmost probably means .［A］make an order of goods［B］record sales on a cash register［C］call the sages manager［D］keep track of the goods in stock44. What is this passage mainly about?［A］Approaches to the commercial use of computers.［B］Conveniences brought about by computers in business.［C］Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.［D］Advantage of credit cards in business.45. It can be inferred that［A］Computers will bring disaster.［B］Computer industry will not develop faster.［C］Computers will bring about more convenience to people's life.［D］None.Text 2Studies of the effect that makes many of us slumber or feel sleepy during the queen's Speech on Christmas Day have revealed that changes may be required in Britain's drink drive legislation.Dr James Horne, director of the Sleep Research Laboratory at Loughborough University, is investigating pose _ lunch sleepiness.We humans are designed to sleep twice a day, once at night and a short nap after lunch, but in this part of the world we tend to repress that.It is a remnant of the same primeval programming that makes all animals in the bush rest in the hot afternoon sun to conserve energy.Hot environments make it worse and many cultures living near the equator, says Dr Horne,have conceded to the inevitable, where the afternoon siesta is the way of life.In this studies Dr Horne has been investigating the role of alcohol.The theory is that if you are more sleepy after lunch then it figures that alcohol will be more potent after lunch. One would figure then that a pint of beer at lunchtime has more effect than in the evening, when people are more alert. Indeed, we find that it has about twice the effect.This has more sinister implications.If people take alcohol up to the legal driving limit, their performance is seriously impaired after lunch. He said.It seems that alcohol interacts with the circadian rhythm of sleep to cause afternoon sleepiness, so that one pint at lunch _ time is equivalent, in effect, to a quart in the evening.For this reason, most drivers ought not to drink at all at lunchtime and the legal blood alcohol limit is no guide to 'safe'driving here,said Dr Horne.For those who wish to enjoy the Queen's speech, Dr Horne recommends mild exercise, a splash of cold air or cold water on the face, or a cup of coffee. Otherwise, take a cat nap. But this should be less than 15 minutes,otherwise, sleep really sets in and one can wake up feeling very groggy and far sleepier than to ??? be in with.46. It is implied that British people［A］like to take a short nap after lunch.［B］don't take a short nap after lunch.［C］don't feel sleepy after lunch.［D］like to sleep twice a day.47. take a rest in the hot afternoon sun.［A］All animals in the bush［B］The remnant of the same primeval programming［C］The same primeval programming［D］All animals in the world48. Most drivers ought not to drink at all at lunch time because［A］alcohol will be less potent after lunch.［B］a pint of beer at lunchtime is equivalent to a quart in the evening, it cause afternoon sleepiness.［C］people are more alert at lunchtime.［D］it is not legal to drink at lunchtime.49. According to the passage, if you sleep more than 15 minutes after lunch［A］you will be refreshed.［B］you will be waken up.［C］you will feel far sleepier.［D］you will take a cat nap.50. It can be inferred that［A］People are not allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.［B］People are still allowed to drive after they drink one quarter in the evening.［C］People are still allowed to drive after they drink out pint at lunch _ time.［D］None.Text 3Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and to it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, and English academic, well _ known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820) applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.Taylor was of well _ to _ do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineeringapprentice. He spent some twenty _ five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave _ driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.51. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?［A］Great breakthroughs.［B］Unlimited purchasing power.［C］Science and competition.［D］International competition.52. Taylor is most famous for.［A］his application of scientific methods to work［B］his bookThe Principles of Scientific Management［C］his various innovations in steel processing［D］The spreading of his scientific management method53. Charles Babbage, an English academic,.［A］tried to use computers in production processes［B］first used computers in the area of cost accounting［C］was the father of modern computers［D］tried a scientific management approach54. Taylor's scientific management method was described as .［A］scientific and human［B］efficient but slave _ driving［C］academic but practicable［D］brutal but highly successful55. When he died in 1905, Taylor［A］purchased a steel mill.［B］sold a steel mill.［C］started to protect environment.［D］left a huge school of followers.Text 4This is the weather Scobie loves. Lying in bed he touches his telescope lovingly, turning a wistful eye on the blank wall of rotting mud _ bricks which shuts off his view of the sea.Scobie is getting on for seventy and still afraid to die; his one fear is that he will awake one morning and find himself dead-Lieutenant _ Commander Scobie, O.B.E. Consequently it gives him a severe shock every morning when the water _ carriers shriek under his window before dawn, waking him up. For a moment, he says, hedares not open his eyes. Keeping them fast shut (for fear they might open on the heavenly host) he gropes along the cake _ stand beside his bed and grabs his pipe. It is always loaded from the night before and an open matchbox stands beside it. The first whiff of tobacco restores both his composure and his eyesight. He breathes deeply, grateful for reassurance. He smiles. He gloats. Then, drawing the heavy sheepskin which serves him as a bed _ cover up to his ears, he sings a little triumphal song to the morning.Taking stock of himself he discovers that he has the inevitable headache. His tongue is raw from last night's brandy. But against these trifling discomforts the prospect of another day in life weighs heavily. He pauses to slip in his false teeth. He places his wrinkled fingers to his chest and is comforted by the sound of his heart at work. He is rather proud of his heart. If you ever visit him when he is in bed he is almost sure to grasp your hand in his and ask you to feel it. Swallowing a little, you shove your hand inside his cheap night _ jacket to experience those sad, blunt, far _ away humps-like those of an unborn baby. He buttons up his pajamas with touching pride and give his imitation roar of animal health-Bounding from my bed like alion-that is another of his phrases. You have not experienced the full charm of the man unless you have actually seen him, bent double with rheumatism, crawling out from between his coarse cotton sheets like a ruin. Only in the warmest months of the year do his bones thaw out sufficiently to enable him to stand erect. In the summer afternoons he walks in the park, his little head glowing like a minor sun, his jaw set in a violent expression of health.His tiny nautical pension is hardly enough to pay for one cockroach _ infested room; he ekes it out with an equally small salary from the Egyptian government, which carries with it the proud title of Bimbashi in the Police Force. Origins he h as none. His past spreads over a dozen continents like a true subject of myth. And his presence is so rich with imaginary health that he needs nothing more-except perhaps an occasional trip to Cairo during Ramadhan, when his office is closed and presumably all crime comes to a standstill because of the past.56. Scobie liked to have his telescope in bed because［A］he enjoyed looking at the passers _ by, even if he could see the sea.［B］he refused touching it and looking through it at the wall.［C］he refused to accept the fact that he could not see the sea.［D］he enjoyed looking at he passers _ by, even if he could not see the sea.57. Every morning Scobie［A］refused to open his eyes until he had had his first cigarette.［B］according to himself, did not open his eyes in case he had died in the night.［C］denied that he opened his eyes until he had had his first died in the night.［D］could not see anything when the first noises in the street woke him.58. Scobie's morning discovery that he was still alive made him feel［A］delighted with his success in surviving the night.［B］delightful because of his achievement in living.［C］satisfied with his victory over life.［D］satisfying with his victory over death.59. When he got out of bed, Scobie［A］jumped out like a young man, to show how healthy he was.［B］got out slowly because he was too busy talking.［C］could hardly get out although he suffered badly from rheumatism.［D］got out with difficulty because his homes were stiff and painful.60. What can his pension enough to pay for？［A］one big apartment［B］ a Two _ room apartment［C］one cockroach _ infested room［D］his well _ being lifePart BRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.61)The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No.1 health problem in the U S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don't know how to think about health and illness.62)Our reactions are formed on the terror level. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst. 63)The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self _ medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don't understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much; or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives; or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority.64)Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury.65)Equal emphasis, however, is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible life _ style.。

一.是非题:1.商品学是以商品为研究对象,以商品质量为中心内容,研究商品使用价值的学科. ( ) P472.商品是用于交换的劳动产品. ( ) P473.商品学研究的是商品的劳动价值. ( ) P484.商品的质量特性必须为个人所需. ( ) P515.我国于1993年发布实施了<<中华人民共和国产品质量法>>,使我国的商品质量工作走上了法制化的道路. ( ) P556.1994年起由欧共体推行实施CE安全标志,规定了需要加贴CE标志的10类产品. ( ) P567.2003年1月1日起,我国对涉及安全,电磁兼容,环境保护要求的产品实施新的强制性产品认证制度(CCC).( ) P568.商品质量监督的主体通常是用户或第三方.( ) P589.目前,世界各国大都按照ISO9000质量管理和质量保证系列标准质量体系认证制度. ( ) P5810.对实施出口质量许可制度和包装许可制度的出口商品,未取得许可证书的,不得出口. ( ) P6211.按照商品品种形成的领域划分,可分必备日用品和奢侈品. ( ) P6812.商品编码可以由字母,数字和特殊标记组成. ( ) P7113.H.S编码于己于1988年1月1日正式生效.( ) P7314.各类,章及分章的标题有法律效力. ( ) P7415.商品储运是实现商品使用价值的确重要手段.( ) P79二.单选题:1.贯穿商品生产整个流程的的环节是: ( ) P52A.市场调研B.开发设计C.质量检验D.工艺和设备2.对保护消费者利益最为有利的产品责任是( ). P55A.疏忽责任B.担保责任C.严格责任D.民事侵权责任3. 我国发布并实施<消费者权益保护法>的时间是: ( ) P56A.1985B.1988C.1990D.19934. 全面质量管理阶段是: ( ) P57A.1920年以前B.1920-1940C.1940-1960 D1960-现在5.根据我国法律规定, 负责进出口商品质量的监督管理的是: ( ). P59a)国家质检总局 B.国家进出口商品检验局 C.国家出入境检验检疫局 D.国家质量技术监督局6.统一管理,监督和综合协调全国认证认可工作的主管机构是: ( ) P61A.国家质检总局B.国家进出口商品检验局C.国家认证认可监督管理委员会D.国家质量技术监督局7. 强制性国家标准代号为: ( ) P66A. DBB.NYC.QBD.GB8. H.S的编排结构是将所有国际贸易商品按生产部门分: ( ) P74A.20类B.21类C.25类D.30类9. 成型的但未装配的适用在飞机上的安全玻璃应归类为: ( ) P75A.87.14(零件,附件)B.88.01(汽车,滑翔机,无动力飞机)C.88.02(其他飞机的零部件)D.70.07(强化玻璃,层压玻璃制的安全玻璃)10. 25%的牛肉(02.01), 25%的猪肉(02.03), 25%的羊肉(02.04), 25%的鸡肉(02.07)组成的肉馅可归类于( )A. 02.01B. 02.03C. 02.04D. 02.07 P7711.H.S编码01.01,圆点前面的数字代表: ( ) P74A.类B.章C.品目D.子目12.植物性商品是按下列哪种来分的: ( ) P70A.商品用途B.原材料来源C.加工方法D.化学成分13.人们所说的,”不求最好,但求最适合的”是指商品的: ( ) P51A.适用性B.安全性C.经济性D.寿命和可靠行14.根据什么来确定商品质量要求: ( ) P51A.社会需求B.个人需求C.社会利益D.个人利益15.商品学是以什么为中心内容的: ( ) P47A.商品B.商品质量C.商品使用价值D.商品用途三.多选题:1.影响商品质量的因素有: ( ) P52-53A.人的因素B.生产领域各环节的影响C.流通领域各环节的影响D.使用领域各环节的影响2.我国的商品质量法规有以下几种: ( ) P54-57A.产品责任法B.产品质量法C.消费者权益保护法D有关人身安全,健康的商品质量法规E.商品质量监督管理,检验,认证等方面的法规3.质量认证的类型包括: ( ) P60A.产品质量认证B.质量体系认证C.实验室认证D.安全认证4. 商品标准化的作用是: ( ) P62A.是现代化大生产的必要条件和科学管理的重要组成部分B.是提高商品质量和合理发展商品品种的技术保证C.是合理利用资源,提高社会经济效益的有效手段D.是推广,应用新技术的桥梁E.是促进国际贸易发展,消除贸易壁垒的有效途径.5. 以下机构哪些是非政府性的国际组织: ( ) P64-65A. ISOB. IECC. CACD.UNFAO6. 我国的标准分为: ( ) P66A.国家标准B.行业标准C.地方标准D.企业标准7. 商品品种发展规律是: ( ) P68-69A.与人的需求结构相适应B.要不断更新C.有增加趋势D.会越来越高档8. 商品分类的原则: ( ) P69A.系统性和可延性B.专一性C.简明性D.整体性E.稳定性9. 商品编码中被普遍采用的有: ( ) P72A.数字型B.字母型C.数字和字母混合型D.条形码10. 商品流通领域内用于商品标志的条形码主要是: ( ) P73A.UPC条形码B.EAN条形码C.二五条形码D.三九条形码11. 商品运输的主要方式有: ( ) P80A.铁路B.公路C.水路D.航空E.管道12. 以下是商品储运中损耗的形式有: ( ) P80A.氧化B.分解C.挥发D.溶化13. 商品目录可分为: ( ) P71A.国家商品目录B.部门商品目录C.企业,单位商品目录D.个人商品目录14. 商品编码又称为:头( ) P71A.代号B.编号C.号码D.代码15.商品监督的形式可分为: ( ) P59A.检验式B.抽查式C.评价式D.仲裁式。

全国大学生英语竞赛考试题型-C类：本科生Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 points)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. After each conversation, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. After each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a .single line through the centre.Section C (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short news items. Each item will be read only once. After each item, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C. and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Section D (10 marks)In this section, you are required to fill in 10 blanks, each with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS after listening to a short passage. The passage will be read twice. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Part III Cloze (10 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Part IV Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Part V Translation (20 marks)Part VI IQ Test (5 marks)There are five IQ test questions in this part. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Part VII Writing (30 marks)Task I (10 marks)Task II (20 marks)。

欧洲流行的IQ测试题(本题目的题号为：37193)这是欧洲流行的IQ测试题，共33题，测试时间20分钟，最大IQ为174分1、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字:A, D, G, J,( )请填入大写字母。

2、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字：1, 3, 6, 10 ,( )请填入数字3、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字：1, 1, 2, 3, 5，（）4、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字：21, 20, 18, 15, 11，（）5、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字：8, 6, 7, 5, 6, 4,( )6、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字：65536, 256, 16 ( )7、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字：1, 0, -1, 0,( )8、请从理论上或逻辑的角度在后面的空格中填入后续字母或数字：3968, 63, 8, 3,( )9、请从右边的图形中选择一个正确的(a,b,c,d)填入左边的空白处abcd10、请从右边的图形中选择一个正确的(a,b,c,d)填入左边的空白处 :abcd11、请从右边的图形中选择一个正确的(a,b,c,d)填入左边的空白处abcd12、请从右边的图形中选择一个正确的(a,b,c,d)填入左边的空白处abcd13、请从右边的图形中选择一个正确的(a,b,c,d)填入左边的空白处abcd14、请从右边的图形中选择一个正确的(a,b,c,d)填入左边的空白处abcd15、请从右边的图形中选择一个正确的(a,b,c,d)填入左边的空白处abcd16、从右边的列(A B C D)中选择图形，以满足左边的图形按照逻辑能正确排列下来。

abcd17、从右边的列(A B C D)中选择图形，以满足左边的图形按照逻辑能正确排列下来。

PETS第五级全真模拟试卷〔5〕Section ⅡUse of English( 15 minutes)Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations,______ (31) to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect edu-cational achievement. The survey of 643 children and adults, ranking from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests ______(32) pen-holding techniques have detedorated sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far ______( 33 ) atten-tion to correct pen grip and handwriting style.Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher______ (34) findings have been published, was inspired to in-vestigate this area ______(35) he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling______ (36) had a poor pen grip. While Mr. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical link______ (37) pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, he______ (38) find huge differences in technique be-tween the young children and the mature adults, and a def'mite ______(39) between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing.People who______ (40) their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics______ (41) inhibit learning, ______(42) as poor posture, leaning too ______(43) to the desk, using four fingers to grip the pen ______(44) than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure ______(45) is being written).Mr. Thomas believes that the ______(46) between elder and younger writers is ______( 47 ) too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow ______(48) . He attrib-utes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between ______(49) groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. "The 30-year-old showed a huge diversity of grips,______ (50)the over 40s group all had a uniform ' tripod' grip. "Section ⅢReading prehension( 50 minutes)Part A：Read the following texts and answer the questions which acpany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1In a three-month period last year, two Brooklynites had to be cut out of their apartments and carried to hospital on stretchers designed for transporting small whales. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance(NAAFA)argues that it was not their bined 900kg bulk that made them ill. Obesity, according to NAAFA, is not bad for you. And, even if it was, there is nothing to be done about it, because genes dictate weight. Attempting to eat less merely slows metabolism, having people as chubby as ever.This is the fadash movement that causes America' s slimming industry so much pain. In his book Bin Fat Lies(Ballantine, 1996), Glenn Gaesser says that no study yet has convincingly shown that weight is an independent cause of health problems. Fatness does not kill people; things like hypertension, coronary heart diseases and cancer do. Mi-chael Fnmento, author of The Fat of the Land (Viking, 1997), an anti-fatlash diatribe, pares Dr Gaesser's logic with saying that the guillotine did not kill Louis XVI: Rather, it was the severing of his vertebrae, the cutting of all the blood vessels in his neck, and.., the trauma caused by his head dropping several feet into a wicker basket.Being fat kills in several ways. It makes people far more likely to suffer from heart disease or high blood pres-sure. Even moderate obesity increases the chance of contracting diabetes. Being 40% overweight makes people 30% - 50% more likely to die of cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likely to survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate until they slim.The idea that being overweight is caused by obesity genes is not wholly false: researchers have found a number of genes that appear to make some people burn off energy at a slower rate. But genes are not destiny. The difference between someone with a genetic predisposition to gain weight and someone without appears to be roughly 40 calori-es-or a spoonful of mayonnaise--a day.An alternative fatlash argument, advanced in books such as Dean Onrush' s Eat More, Weight Less ( Harper Collies, 1993 ) and Date Atrens' s Don' t Diet ( William Morrow, 1978), is that fatness is not a matter of eating too much. They note that as Americans' weight has ballooned over the last few decades, their reported caloric intake has plunged. This simply explains people' s own recollection of how much they eat is extremely unreliable. And as they grow fatter, people feel guilty and are more likely to fib about how much they eat. All reputable studies show that eating less and exercising reduce weight.Certainly, the body' s metabolism slows a little when you lose weight, because it takes less energy to carry less bulk around, and because dieting can make the body fear it is about to starve. But a sensible low-fat diet makes weight loss possible. The fatlash movement is dangerous, because slimmers will often find any excuse to give up.To tell people that it is healthy to be obese is to encourage them to live sick and die young.51. The two Brooklynites in the first paragraph were __[A] members of the NAAFA[B] typical victims of overweight[ C] members of the "fatlash" movement[ D] proof that the fatlash movement is gaining strength52. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance holds that __[A ] fat people should try to lose weight[ B ] eating less is harmful to people' s health[C ] fat people were horn that way[ D ] obesity is good for people53. What can be concluded according to the author's view of the "obesity genes"?[A] People with a genetic inclination to gain weight Can slim. [ B ] People who are horn fat will remain that way all life. [ C ] All efforts to lose weight will prove fruitless. [ D ] Fat people can live a very happy life, too.54. The word "fib" in the fourth sentence of Paragraph 5, probably means __[ A] to tell the truth[ B ] to reduce[ C] to increase[ D ] to tell a small lie55. Which of the following statements is true?[ A ] Americans' caloric intake has dropped over the last few decades.[ B ] Many people who try to lose weight give up half way.[ C ] Americans are always aware of how much they eat. [ D ] Obesity does no harm to people' s health.Text 2The issue of online privacy in the Internet age found new urgency following the Sept. ll terrorist attacks, sparking debate over striking the correct balance between protecting civil liberties and attempting to prevent another tragic terrorist act. While preventing terrorism certainly is of paramount importance, privacy rights should not be deemed irrelevant.In response to the attacks, Congress quickly passed legislation that included provisions expanding rights of investi-gators to intercept wire, oral and electronic munications of alleged hackers and terrorists. Civil liberties groups ex-pressed concerns over the provisions and urged caution in ensuring that efforts to protect our nation do not result in broad government authority to erode privacy rights of U. S. citizens. Nevertheless, causing further concern to civil liberties groups, the Department of Justice proposed exceptions to the attorney-client privilege. On Oct. 30, Attorney General John Ashcroft approved an interim agency rule that would permit federal prison authorities to monitor wire and electronic munications between lawyers and their clients in federal custody, including those who have been de-tained but not charged with any crime, whenever surveillance is deemed necessary to prevent violence or terrorism.In light of this broadening effort to reach into munications that were previously believed to be "off-limits",the issue of online privacy is now an even more pressing concern. Congress has taken some legislative steps toward en-suring online privacy, including the Children' s Online Privacy Protection Act, and provided privacy protections for certain sectors through legislation such as the Financial Services Modernization Act. The legislation passed to date does not, however,provide a statutory scheme for protecting general online consumer privacy. Lacking definitive federal law, some states passed their own measures. But much of this legislation is inplete or not enforced. Moreover, it bees unworkable when states create different privacy standards; the Intemet does not know geographic boundaries,and panies and individuals cannot be expected to ply with differing, and at times conflicting, privacy rules.An analysis earlier this year of 751 U. S. and international Web sites conducted by Consumers International found that most sites collect personal information but fail to tell consumers how that data will be used, how security is maintained and what fights consumers have over their own information.At a minimum, Congress should pass legislation requiring Web sites to display privacy policies prominently, in-form consumers of the methods employed to collect client data, allow customers to opt out of such data collection,and provide customer access to their own data that has already been collected. Although various Intemet privacy bills were introduced in the 107th Congress, the focus shifted to expanding government surveillance in the wake of the ter-rorist attacks. Plainly, government efforts to prevent terrorism are appropriate. Exactly how these exigent circum-stances change the nature of the online privacy debate is stiff to be seen.56. Concerning the protection of privacy and increased surveillance of munication, the author seems to insist on[ A ] the priority of the former action[ B ] the execution of the latter at the expense of the former[C] tightening both policies at the same time[ D ] a balance between the two actions57. The author implies in the second paragraph that __[ A] the proposal of the Department of Justice is unjustified[ B ] surveillance of any suspect munication is necessary[ C ] civil liberties groups should not have shown such great concern[ D ] exceptions should be made in intercepting munications58. In the eyes of the author, the Financial Service Modernization Act __[ A ] serves no more than as a new patch on an old robe[ B ] indicates the Congress' s admirable move to protect privacy [ C ] invades online consumer privacy rather than protect it[ D] is deficient in that it leaves many sectors unshielded 59. Privacy standards made by individual states are ineffective because __[ A ] the standards of different states contradict each other[ B ] online munication is not restricted to any state[ C ] these standards ignore the federai law on the matter[ D ] these standards are only applicable to regional Web sites 60. The expression "opt out of such data collection" ( in the last paragraph) probably means __[ A ] pick out from such data the information one needs[ B ] shift through such data to collect one' s own information [ C ] evaluate the purpose for such data collection[ D ] choose not to be involved in such data collectioText 3The man behind this notion, Jack Maple, is a dandy who affects dark glasses, homburgs(翘边帽)and two-toe shoes;yet he has bee something of a legend in America's police departments. For some years, starting in New York and moving on to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia, he and his business partner, John Linder have marketed a two-tier system for cutting crime.First, police departments have to sort themselves out: root out corruption, streamline their bureaucracy, and make more contact with the public. Second, they have to adopt a puter system called stat which helps them to analyze statistics of all major crimes. These are constantly keyed into the puter, which then displays where and when they have occurred on a color-coded map, enabling the police to monitor crime trends as they happen and to spot high-crime areas. In New York, stat's statistical maps are analyzed each week at a meeting of the city's police chief and precinct captains.Messrs Maple and Linder ( "specialists in crime-reduction services" ) have no doubt that their system is a main contributor to the drop in crime. When they introduced it in New Orleans in January 1997, violent crime dropped by22% in a year;when they merely started working informally with the police department in Newark, New Jersey, vi-olent crime fell by 13%. Police departments are now lining up to pay as much as $50, 000 a month for these two men to put them straight.Probably all these new policies and bits of technical wizardry, added together, have made a big difference to crime. But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained, such as the fact that crime in Washington D. C. , has fallen as fast asanywhere, although the police department has been corrupt and hopeless and, in large stretches of the city, neither police nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals in their midst.The more important reason for the fall in crime rates, many say, is a much less sophisticated one. It is a fact that crime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared. In 1997 the national incarceration rate, at 645 per 100,000 people was more than double the rate in 1985, and the number of inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%, almost double its annual average increase since 1990. Surely some criminologists argue, one set of figures is the cause of the other. It is precise because more people are being sent to prison, they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 study by the National Academy of Sciences actualiy concluded that the tripling of the prison population be-tween 1975 and 1989 had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked. To begin with, the sale and possession of drugs are not counted by the FBI in its crime index, which is limited to violent crimes and crimes against property. Yet drug of-fences account for more than a third of the recent increase in the number of those jailed; since 1980, the incarceration rate for drug arrests has increased by 1,000%. And although about three-quarters of those going to prison for drugoffences have mitted other crimes as well, there is not yet a crystal-clear connection between filling the jails withdrug-pushers and a decline in the rate of violent crime. Again, though national figures are suggestive, local ones di-verge: the placer where crime has dropped most sharply( such as New York City)are not always the places where in-carceration has risen fastest.61. Jack Maple started his career in __[ A] Philadelphia [ B ] Oregon[ C ] New Orleans [ D ] New York62. According to,Jack Maple, to cut crime __[ A ] the,heads of police department should make more contact with the criminals[ B ] the government should educate the residents more[ C]a puter system called stat should be adopted by the police[D] tbe criminals should be severely punished63. ln New Yerk_______.[ A] violent crime dropped by 23% in one year[ B ] police departments pay as much as $ 50, 000 for Jack Maple[ C ] the crime rate is high[ D ] stat's statistical maps are analyzed every week64. The meaning of the word "anomalies" in the second line of 4th paragraph is ___________[ A ] something strange[ B ] enjoyable things[ C ] anormally[ D ] parison65. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________[ A ] the drop of crime rote is caused by Jack Maples's two-tier system[ B ] the drop of crime rate is caused by the increased imprisonment[ C ] it is difficult to identify the exact cause for the fall of crime rate[ D ] the increased imprisonment is not the reason for the fall of crime ratePart B：In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66 ~ 70, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A ~ F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on SHEET 1.Does the publisher of Douglas Starr's excellent Blood--An Epic History of Medicine and merce actually ex-pect to sell many copies? Whoever chose the title is certain to scare off the squeamish, and the subtitle, which makes the effort sound like a dry, dense survey text, has really done this book a disservice. In fact, the brave and curious -will enjoy a brightly written, intriguing, and disquieting book, with some important lessons for public health.66．___________________________________The book begins with a historical view on centuries of lore about blood--in particular, the belief that blood car-ried the evil humors of disease and required occasional draining. As recently as the Revolutionary War, Bloodletting was widely applied to treat fevers. The idea of using one person's blood to heal another is only about 75 years old--although rogue scientists had experimented with transfusing animal blood at least as early as the 1600s. The first transfusion experimentsinvolved stitching a donor's vein (in early cases the physician's) to a patient's vein.67．___________________________________Sabotaged by notions about the" purity"of their groups' blood, Japan and Germany lagged well behind the Al-lies in transfusion science. Once they realized they were losing injured troops the Allies had learned to save, they tried to catch up, conducting horrible and unproductive experiments such as draining blood from POWs and injecting them with horse blood or polymers.68．___________________________________During the early to mid-1980s, Start says, 10,000 American hemophiliacs and 12,000 others contracted HIV from transfusions and receipt of blood products. Blood banks both here and abroad moved slowly to acknowledge the threat of the virus and in some cases even acted with criminal negligence, allowing the distribution of blood they knew was tainted. This is not new material. But Starr's insights add a dimension to a story first explored in the late Randy Shilts's And the Bond Played On.69．___________________________________Is the blood supply safe now.'? Screening procedures and technology have gotten much more advanced. Yet it's disturbing to read Starr's contention that a person receiving multiple transfusions today has about a 1 in 90,000 chance of contracting HIV--far higher than the" one in a million" figure that blood bankers once blithely and falsoly quoted. Moreover, new pathogens threaten to emerge and spread through the increasingly high-speed, global blood-product network faster than science can stop them. This prompts Start to argue that today's blood stores are"simulta-neously safer and more threatening" than when distribution was less sophisticated.70．___________________________________A. The massive wartime blood drives laid the groundwork for modem blood-banking, which has saved count-less lives. Unfortunately, these developments also set the stage for a great modem tragedy--the spread of AIDS through the international blood supply.B. There is so much drama, power, resonance, and important information in this book that it would be a shame if the squeamish were scared off. Perhaps the key lesson is this : The public health must always be guarded against the pressures and pitfalls of petitive markets and human fallibility.C. In his chronicle of a resource, Start covers an enormous amount of ground. He gives us an account of mankind's attitudes over a 400-year period towards this "precious, mysterious, and hazardous material" ; of medicine's efforts to understand, control, and develop blood's life-saving properties;and of the multibillion- dollar industry that benefits from it. He describes disparate institutions that use blood, from the military and the pharmaceutical industry to blood banks. The culmination is a rich examination of how something as hor- rifying as distributing blood tainted with the HIV virus could have occurred.D. The book's most interesting section considers the huge strides transfusion science took during World War I1. Medicine benefited significantly from the initiative to collect and supply blood to the Allied troops and from new trauma procedures developed to administer it. It was then that scientists learned to separate blood into useful elements, such as freeze-dried plasma and clotting factors, paving the way for both battlefield miracles and dramatic improvement in the lives of hemophiliacs.E. Starr's tale ends with a warning about the safety of today's blood supply.F. Starr obtained memos and other evidence used in Japanese, French, and Canadian criminal trials over the tainted-blood distribution. (American blood banks enjoyed legal protections that made U. S. trials more plex and provided less closure for those harmed. ) His account of the French situation is particularly poignant. Start explains that in postwar France, donating blood was viewed as a sacred and patriotic act. Prison populations were urged to give blood as a way to connect more with society. Unfortunately, the French came to believe that such benevolence somehow offered a magical protection to the blood itself and that it would be unseemly to question volunteer donors about their medical history or sexual or drug prac-tices. bined with other factors, including greed and hubris, this led to tragedy. Some blood banks were collecting blood from high-risk groups as late as 1990, well into the crisis. And France, along with Canada, Japan, and even Britain, stalled approval and distribution of safer, American heat-treated plasma products when they became available, inpart because they were giving their domestic panies time to catch up with scientific advances.Part C：Answer questions 71 ~ 80 by referring to the following books.Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.A = BOOK 1B = BOOK 2C = BOOK 3D = BOOK 4Which book(s) say(s) that...•the climate affects the future sustainable agricultural development? 71．___________•environmental control is related with the national revenues? 72．_____•the environmental problems ale not caused overnight? 73．___________•a variety of species are on the decrease? 74．___________•agriculture is also a factor for the degradation of environment? 75．___________•pollution call be controlled by increasing the production cost of polluting goods? 76．___________•pollution control needs the support of technology and techniques? 77．___________•provides lessons for agriculture，trade，land USe and tax policy from an economic perspective?78．___________•the degradation of environment cauSes the change of climate? 79．___________•the approaches to research should be adjusted to the changing situation?80．___________BOOK 1The book offers a prehensive perspective on the consequences and possible policy solutions for cli-matic change as we move into the twenty-first century. It assesses the impact of potential feature global climate change on agriculture and the need to sustain agricultural growth for the economic development.The book begins by examining the role of international research institutions in overing environmental con-straints on sustainable agricultural growth and economic development. The authors then discuss how agricultural re-search systems may be restructured to respond to global environmental problems such as climate change and loss of genetic diversity. The discussion then extends to consider environmental accounting and indexing, to illustrate how environmental quality can be included formally in measures of national ine, social welfare and sustainability.The third part of the book focuses on the effects of and policy responses to climate change. Chapters in this part ex-amine the effect of climate change on production, trade, land use patterns and livelihoods. They consider impacts on the distribution of ine between developed and developing countries remain a major economic activity. Authors take on an economy-wide perspective to draw lessons for agriculture, trade, land use and tax policy.BOOK 2The ozone layer is threatened by chemical cmissious; the climate is endangered from fossil and defor-estation, and global biodiversity is being lost by reason of thousands of years of habitat conversions. Global environ-mental problems arise out of the accumulated impacts from many years' and many countries' economic develop-ment. In order to address these problems the states of the world must cooperate to manage their development proces-ses together--this is what an international environmental agreement must do. But can the world' s countries cooper-ate successfully to manage global development? How should they manage it? Who should pay for the process, as well as for the underlying problems?This book presents an examination of both the problem and the process underlying international environmental lawmaking: the recognition of international interdependence, the negotiation of international agreements and the evo-lution of international resource management. It examines the general problem of global resource management by means of general principles and case studies and by looking at how and why specific negotiations and agreements have failed to achieve their targets.The book is designed as an introductory text for those studying global environmental policy making and institu-tion building. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policy rnakers and scholars in the areas of environmental economics and law.BOOK 3Industrialization to achieve economic development has resulted in global environmental degradation.While the impacts of industrial activity on the natural environment are a major concern in developed countries, muchless is known about these impacts in developing countries. This source book identifies and quantifies the environmen-tal consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy advice, including the use of clean technologies and envi-ronmentally sound production techniques, with special reference to the developing world.The developing world is often seen as having a high percentage of heavily polluting activities within its industrial sector. This, bined with a substantial agriculture sector, which contributes to deforestation, the erosion of the top soil and desertification, has led to extreme pressures on the environment and impoverishes the population by de-stroying its natural resource base. This crisis suggests that sound industrialization policies are of paramount impor-tance in developing countries' economic development, and calls for the management of natural resources and the a-doption of low-waste of environmentally clean technologies.The authors consider the industrial sector as a pollutant to other sectors of the economy, and then focus on some industrial-specific pollutants within the manufacturing sector and some process-specific industrial pollutants. Theyconclude by reviewing the economic implications of promoting environmentally sound industrial development, spe-cially adressing the question of the conflict or plementarily which may exist between environmental goods and in-dustrial production. BOOK 4This is an important book which presents new concepts of the marginal cost of substituting non-pollu-tive for pollutive goods. Technically in its approach it plements the other literature in the field and will be a sig-nificant contribution to the understanding of microeconomic issues in pollution control. The book focuses on the three main concepts: substitutions in consumption, emission abatement and exposure avoidance. The first part considers the adjustment of the scope and bination of goods produced as a method for controlling pollution.The author argues that pollution is controlled by increasing the relative price of the polluting goods in the pro-duction process, thereby reducing demand and subsequent production of the goods. In the second part, the discus-sion is extended to include the possibilities of preventing or abating emissions in relation to three models: first, pol-lution prevention when non-polluting inputs and processes are substituted for pollutants; second, when a proportion of the polluting output is recycled rather than being discarded; and finally end-of-pipe abatement where additionaltechnology is used. In conclusion, the author assesses the extent to which pollution damage is controlled by avoid-ance of emissions, with avoidance being modeled as an add-on technology with its own returns to scale.Section IV Writing(40 minutes )You will read a question .which says, "Which is a better source of news--newspaper or TV?"Write an article for the newspaper to clarify your own points of view towards this issue. You should use yourown ideas,Knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument, including an example.You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.Section II Use of English(每一小题1分，共计20分，权重10％)根据一项对于握笔姿势大幅影响考试成绩的调查，那些握笔十分靠近笔尖的学生很可能在考试中处于劣势。

剑桥通用英语五级考试1test新题型Title: New Format of Cambridge English Proficiency Exam Level 5IntroductionCambridge English Proficiency Exam Level 5, also known as CPE 5, is a highly popular and recognized English proficiency test that is taken by students and professionals all around the world. The exam has recently undergone a major revision, introducing new question formats and language tasks to better assess the candidates' language skills. In this article, we will explore the new format of the CPE 5 exam and provide tips on how to prepare for the test.New Question FormatsOne of the key changes in the new format of the CPE 5 exam is the introduction of new question formats. The exam now includes tasks such as multiple-choice questions, gap-fill exercises, matching exercises, and extended writing tasks. These new question formats aim to assess the candidates' ability to understand and use English in a variety of contexts, including academic, professional, and everyday situations.Language TasksIn addition to the new question formats, the CPE 5 exam now includes a greater focus on language tasks. These tasks require candidates to demonstrate their ability to use English in a range of ways, such as in writing essays, reports, emails, and summaries. The language tasks assess the candidates' ability to use English accurately and fluently, as well as their ability to structure their written work effectively.Preparing for the CPE 5 ExamTo prepare for the new format of the CPE 5 exam, candidates should focus on developing their language skills in all areas of English, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Practice tests and study materials are available online to help candidates familiarize themselves with the new question formats and language tasks. It is also recommended that candidates take English classes or work with a tutor to improve their language skills and prepare for the exam.ConclusionThe new format of the Cambridge English Proficiency Exam Level 5 introduces exciting new question formats and language tasks that aim to better assess candidates' language skills. By preparing for the exam diligently and focusing on developing their language skills, candidates can increase their chances ofsuccess on the exam. With the right preparation and practice, candidates can achieve their goal of passing the CPE 5 exam and demonstrating their proficiency in English.。

公共英语-公共英语五级分类模拟题environment.doc公共英语五级分类模拟题EnvironmentUnit 1Part IGreen Consumerism and Sustainable DevelopmentConsumers are having their say and it has big ramiHeations for business.In the late 1980s the green consumer trend exposed retailers and manufacturers to the most dramatic change in customers* tastes that they had ever experienced. Suddenly, business had to learn to take the environment seriously and managers that had long regarded environmentalists as a nuisance discovered that ordinary people were willing to pay a premium for a product they perceived as being better for the environment than a rival brand.In the late 1990s green is chic: numerous market studies reveal that green consumers are not hippies on the dole but university graduates with above average earnings.The questions remain however- Is green consumerism a passing fad? Can green consumerism save the planet? Whose responsibility is it? What is the role of government and business? And why are we doing this anyway?For the most ardent environmentalist, the green consumer is the ultimate oxymoron. Consumers are the problem not the solution. When in September 1989, Sustain Ability, a British environmental consulting firm, sponsored a Green Shopping Day. Friends of the Earth UK threatened to run a rival No Shopping Day. Beyond a doubt the truly environmental should consume less, not differently.One movement which attempts to do just that is the H voluntary simplicity H movement. Voluntary simplicity is a marketing manager's nightmare as it encourages people to make a H deliberate choice to liberate one's life by reducing obsession with material wants while still meeting basic needs. Voluntary simplicity is not the same as poverty n. Many books and journals are now available on the topic, internet web sites abound and in my own city of Perth several study circles can be joined to learn how to use less and live better.That having been said, unless a miraculous change in human dispositions comes about ― as well as a change in governments, business, media and economic systems which promote greater and greater consumption ― then an increase in consumption by people is more than likely to grow. Furthermore, there are 1 billion people in the world living in abject poverty for whom no-one would object to them having an increase in their consumption.Green consumerism has much in common with the concept of sustainable development, that catch cry of social and environmental policy in the 1990s. One of the best and simplest deHnitions of sustainable development is that put forward by the Brundtland Report: "Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." It has been pointed out that there are two problems with this definition:1.We don't and can't know the needs of future generations.2.We don*t have a commonly accepted way of putting a value on the environment or of measuring the costs and benefits of environmental regulation.The answer to both these ''problems", once we have accepted that sustainability is inon history, we can certainly make a reasonably well informed judgement as to what the basic needs of future generations are likely to be. The fact that we do not yet have a commonly accepted way of measuring the value of the environment is not a good reason for ignoring it or treating it as ''worthless''. We live in a world of incomplete information ― every business person knows that ― so we must forge ahead regardless.The multiplicative relationship between impact on the environment (I), Population (P), Affluence (as reflected by consumption)A. and Technology, I = PAT (put forward by Paul & Anne Erlich) is often quoted in discussions of sustainability. Green consumerism does not attempt to address population nor overall levels of consumption by individuals. It is firmly focused on changing the type of Technology people have access to. While some argue that this is avoiding the core issues of Population and Consumption, the most recent report to the Club of Rome, "Factor 4", puts a compelling case for the ability of clean, efficient technologies now available to ''double wealth, halve resource use". The key is to overcome the practical obstacles such as obsolete regulations and market failure.Green consumerism is part of the "Factor 4" solution and may be the quickest pragmatic response to the situation andeconomic system we currently find ourselves in. It is potentially a very powerful - and empowering —approach whose total impact is only just beginning to be explored.The question companies most want answered is whether green consumerism is a passing fad or here to stay. Consumers have become somewhat jaded by unsubstantiated environmental claims by some companies. But they are also becoming better informed. For the marketeers of green products this is positive, as consumers need to be well-informed about environmental cause and effect in order to be effective green shoppers.The strength of green consumerism is that it provides a kind of H participatory democracy0 in that individuals can influence their individual impact on the environment in a small but practical, "hands on" way. It also works within the existing free market system, so it is less likely to encounter resistance from most governments or businesses.A recent Australian research study of 1200 people in major capital cities indicates that more than 60% of Australians have changed their behaviour for the sake of the environment but for different reasons and to different extents.One of the signiHcant flndings is that the more than 60% of the population that have made numerous behavioural changes and are prepared to make more are wealthier, better educated, key consumers between the ages of 25-45 with growing families and more or less equally split between men and women. This is a market that manufacturers can no longer afford to ignore.ComprehensionQuestions 1--3 Choose the best answer?The following statements are true except ?A.the green consumer trend started in the late 1980s.B.green consumers made a lot of trouble to businesses.C.consumers were prepared to pay more for environmentally friendly products.D.despite the changes in customer tastes, businesses still refused to take environment seriously.2^ In the late 1990s z.A.hippies took the lead in green living?B? green was the lifestyle adopted by people with above average income.C ? green quickly become out of fashion among the upper-middle class people .D . businesses didn' t take the responsibility for promoting green products .A.spend less money on material things.B.learn to live in poverty.C? use environmentally friendly products.D. consume less while meeting basis needs.Questions 4--8 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words ?4、What is promoted by the present economic systems?5、What concept is green consumerism compared to in the passage?6、What factor must be taken into account the present generations according to the definition of sustainable development?7、What issue does green consumerism try to deal with?8^ What are the core issues in sustainable development?Questions 9--12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN four words for each blank.9、Companies are most concerned about the question whether green consumerism is or not.10> It is necessary for consumers to be well -informed about in order to be effective green consumers.The strength of green consumerism lies in __________ p rovided to individualswho can impact the environment in a practical way.12> According to an Australian study, people who have made behavioral changes andare willing to make more are consumers aged 25~40.Patr IIExercise 1 Use of EnglishRead the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.To Be GreenBeing a n green H office worker means thinking about not only the things you could do differently, but what your organization 13 a whole can do to become more environmentally friendly.You 14 on the light . But it' s daylight outside. Always use a mug 15 of a disposable plastic up. Clear away paper to make way for a plant -- plants humidify and purify the air, as well as 16 noise and removing some of the chemicals. 17 you think of printing out the 100-plus page report which isso relevant 18 your job, ask yourself whether it!s feasible to print out the executive summary and read the 19 from the computer 20 ；21 you do print and photocopy, use both sides of the paper. The average worker uses a tree1 s 22 of paper every year. Turn off the lights before you go home. Lighting an empty office overnight can waste enough energy to make1,000 cups of coffee, 23 to the Environment Agency?24 your managers to introduce some office-wide green schemes : For example, propose an office recycling scheme. You can dramatically reduce the amount of waste your company creates 25 recycling. Persuade your office manager to use 26 paper for your stationary needs ? Organise an office spring clean. You111 be surprised 27 how much you have that you don 11 use . Talk to office management about switching 28 a green energy supply - - the Queen is converting part of Windsor Castle to hydro power and 29 you may not have the Thames on your doorstep, your company may be able to 30 a micro wind turbine or solar panels to produce some of the energy it needs. Suggest your company introduces a green transport plan to 31 staff to use public transport or cycle to work. Saving waste saves cash as well z and free advice is available from the government's Envirowise programme 32 how to do it.Exercise 2 SpeakingHere is a list of ways to solve the problem of water shortage. What do you think are the most effective ways? Choose three from the list and discuss why. You may add your own ideas that are not listed here.33、recycling waterraising water pricesinstalling water saving devicesmaking more use of rain water desalinating sea water promoting water-savingtechnologyExercise 3 WritingYou are expected to write at least 250 words about the following topic.34、Many governments realized that environmental issues should and could only be resolved through international cooperation. But there are different opinions from developed and underdeveloped countries on ratifying the Kyoto Protocol. What is your suggestion to reaching an agreement?Unit 2Part INature versus cultureTo what extent have indigenous peoples suffered at the hands of conservation?When US primatologist Dian Fossey arrived in Rwanda to study the mountain gorillas of the Parcs des Volcans in September 1967, her immediate concern was that their habitat was being eroded by human activity. As the government and wildlife authorities were turning a blind eye, she took the law into her own hands and organised patrols to drive out those she considered to be intruders in the park.Many of those targeted were local farmers who were grazing cattle and growing crops, collecting water, wood and bamboo or hunting small mammals. But the Virunga Mountains were also home to the Batwa, pygmy hunter- gatherers who, for thousands of years, had lived on their forested slopes. Fossey took an instant dislike to the Batwa and adopted-vigilante tactics to ensure they stayed away from ''her'' gorillas.While Fossey*s actions represented a huge inconvenience for the Bahutu and Batutsi farmers, for the Batwa they proved devastating. The forest was integral to their lifestyle: it provided them with food and medicine and was the centre of their cultural activities. Without it, they became destitute. They had neither the skills nor the resources to become farmers and were given no compensation or alternative. Considered second-class citizens ?? unclean, stupid, untrustworthy ?- by their neighbours, they were forced to live in hovels on the fringes of villages, scratching around in wasteland to eke out a living. By the early 1990s, begging was the main source of income for 70 per cent of Rwandan Batwa.The experience of the Batwa is one shared by millions of indigenous peoples around the world who have suffered at the hands of conservation. "Historically the impact of protected areas has been very negative because the rights of the local communities of indigenous peoples haven't been taken into account/1 says Marcus Colchester, director of the Forest Peoples* Programme, a UK organisation that promotes the interests of indigenous peoples around the world. "The establishment of parks and reserves has often required their forced removal and placed severe limits on their rights of access and use of natural resources. Hence, there has been a lot of conflict, impoverishment,The traditional fence-and-guards approach to conservation grew out of the US national parks movement of the late 19th century, which began preserving areas of 'natural' wilderness for recreational purposes. Ecologists subsequently decided that nature should be preserved in a pristine form, uncontaminated by human activity.Over the past 40 years, conservation of biodiversity has become an increasingly high-profile topic and there has been a corresponding rise in the number of protected areas. According to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) there were just over 1,000 in 1962; today there are more than 102,000, covering a terrestrial area of 17.1 million square kilometres, 11.5 per cent of the world's land.To date, there hasn't been any conclusive research into the extent to which establishing these areas affects indigenous peoples. But most protected areas were inhabited at one time. In 2000, WWF estimated that 86 per cent of South America's national parks were inhabited by people, most of them indigenous, and 90 per cent of protected areas in the Americas as a whole hosted indigenous peoples.However, it isn*t just the indigenous peoples who have lost out to the traditional model of conservation. Recent studies have shown that some ecosystems are maintained by traditional land-management practices. When the indigenous inhabitants have been forced to move, levels of biodiversity can drop dramatically.In addition, local people have frequently reacted angrily when forced to accept schemes that exclude access to protected areas. This puts the areas* long-term sustainability in jeopardy, says Colchester. "If [protected areas] are beset by people with grievances they end up becoming management nightmares/1 he says. "Their regulations become unworkable because they haven't taken into account people's livelihoods.0 In some cases, wildlife has suffered as a direct result of the imposition of unworkable management plans. In spite of being excluded from parks and reserves, local people have frequently continued to use resources covertly, often with little regard for what is no longer their responsibility. It*s estimated that there was more forest loss in Sagarmartha (Qomolangma) National Park in the four years following its establishment than in the previous 20.In extreme cases, these conflicts have led to revenge attacks. Maasai pastoralists in Amboseli National Park in Kenya took to killing lions, rhinos and elephants after relations with authorities soured. And in Madhya Pradesh and Assam in India, local residents took out their anger on tiger and buffalo reserves."It's neither fair to the people whose land it is nor an effective method of conservation to create a disgruntled and disenfranchised population around the edges of protected areas/* says Jonathan Mazower, research coordinator of Survival International. Indeed, according to Colchester, the rights of indigenous peoples must be respected if conservation's long-term goals are to be achieved. n it will give these areas greater security, because they will have greater consensus around them. And if indigenous territories can be accepted in a wider sense as a powerful way of protecting nature, then other very large areas can be brought into some sort of protection.0 ComprehensionQuestions 1--3 Choose the best answer.35> Dian Fossey .A.believed it is the government1 s responsibility to enforce laws to protect wildlife.B.believed that human activity should not be allowed in the habitat of the mountain gorillas.36、After Dian Fossey* s arrival, most of the Batwa people .A.became hunter-gathers in the forest.B.left the forest and turned to begging for a living.C.were given compensation and learned other skills.D.became farmers in the Virunga mountains.37> The following statements are true except .A. The traditional model of conservation had a negative impact on both nature and culture.B ? Indigenous people had to be removed from their land for the establishment of parks and reserves.C.Indigenous people 1 s fights to their land had been seriously violated.D.The traditional model of conservation promoted the interests of theindigenous people.Questions 4- - 6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN four words .38^ Where did the original approach to conservation originate?39、What was the purpose of the early national parks?40、In what way did ecologists think nature should be preserved?41、What percentage of the world1s land has been protected?Questions 8- -12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.42、So far, it is still inconclusive how much indigenous people have been affected by .43^ Traditional land-management practices often deny local people protected areas?44、The protected areas1 is affected when regulations fail to take people 1s livelihood into account.45、Unworkable management plans often lead to the deterioration of .46、Respecting the rights of indigenous peoples will give protected areasPart IIExercise 1 Gapped TextIn the following article some paragraphs have been removed? For Questions 1--5, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A--F to fit into each of the numbered gaps ? There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps.Back to the FuturePEOPLE and wildlife don11 get on too well together? Large mammals, in particular, have a hard time at the hands of humanity. Their habitat gets taken for farms, their bodies for dinner and their heads for trophies? As human populations grow, the pressure increases, and it seems to decline only when people are rich enough to focus on the aesthetic as well as the economic possibilities of wild beasts . Often, such aesthetic appreciation thrives best in the safety of the city rather than in the rawness of the wilderness?1._____Africa and Asia are continents where wildlife is under particular pressure . Their human populations are growing and their people are not yet prosperous enough to make conservation a higher priority than simply getting by in life ? But many of the world1s endangered mamma 1 s live in Africa and Asia? In North America, by contrast, rural populations are shrinking, people are rich enough to care about wildlife, and many of them do. Moreover, most of the large North American mamma 1 s that existed when humanity arrived in the continent are now extinct. Their ecological niches are therefore wide open foroccupation. What could be more logical, Mr. Donlan suggests, than introducing endangered Old World mamma1s into the New World, thus saving them from extinction while returning wild America to something like the state it was in before Homo sapiens took up residence?2. ______Although none of the animals Mr. Donlan and his colleagues propose introducingfill similar ecological niches? Elephants, for instance, would he lp to preserve the grassland by eating shrubs that encroach on it -- a role previously filled by mastodons . Lions and cheetahs would control the populations of horses, asses and camels much as their sabre-toothed cousins once controlled similar ungulates.3. ______Many mainstream conservationists are naturally (in more than one sense of that word) suspicious . Chris Haney, a conservation biologist at Defenders of Wildlife, a voluntary conservation group, fears the effort might detract from what he describes as n more realistic n goals, such as the re introduction of wolves, bison, grizzly bears and North American elk (not to be confused with the European sort, known to Americans as moose). These reintroductions have faced bitter opposition from some ranchers z farmers and politicians. If programmes like this were seen not merely in isolation, but as the first steps in a grand plan to reintroduce lions and cheetahs, they would be even harder to implement?4. ______Both of these objections are sensible, though not overwhelmingly so. But Dr. Haney has a more visceral worry, too? Modern conservation is generally against the idea of species being spread into novel habitats, and he opposes Mr Donlan1s idea on those grounds, as well?5. ______Perhaps it is, although such pollution does happen naturally from time to time. But even if such introductions are not the ideal solution, they may be the best one available. Mr. Donlan f s idea is a big and imaginative proposal to solve a clear and present danger. It is certainly worth some careful scrutiny.A Mr. Donlan1s plan is to create game reserves of a quarter of a million hectares or more in the Great Plains of North America, and populate them with a mixture of native American and alien animals. If returned to grassland, the plains could support both grazers and their predators . Beginning gradually on small, private reserves, wild horses, asses and camels would be introduced and biologists could study their effects on the ecosystem. Later, if all had gone well, elephants would be added an d finally, to provide predators, big cats ? If everything worked on a small scale, the large public nature reserves envisaged as the plan1 s culmination would then be created? Mr. Donlan reckons that the whole process would take about 50 years ? H It is important n, as he puts it, H to realise that we 1re not advocating backing up a van full of cheetahs and kicking them out the door. 11B Eric Dinerstein, chief scientist at the World Wildlife Fund US, another conservation charity, has a related objection. He suggests Mr Donlan1s idea might be damaging not only to efforts to conserve North American species, but also to the very Old World species it is intended to save. He thinks Mr. Donlan is too pessimistic about the chances of preserving endangered animals in their African and Asian homes. Rather than spending money to establish those species in North America, Dr.Dinerstein would prefer to see it spent conserving them where they live now.C Observing all this, a group of conservation biologists, led by Josh Donlan of Cornell University, have made a modest proposal in this week 1s Nature . They suggest a piece of ecological arbitrage.D One reason conservationists try to stop alien introductions is pragmatic -- they sometimes do serious damage to native specie s ? Rats, cats and pigs, for example, have wrecked the native fauna of many a small island. But part of the objection to alien introductions has an ideological flavour. There is a feeling that what exists now (or, at least, what existed before man stuck his oar in) is what ought to exist ? It is pristine ? Shipping in other species is, in a sense, a form of pollution.E When the first immigrants entered North America at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, more than 13,000 years ago, they found a continent full of large mammals -- elephants, lions, cheetahs, camels, horses and more ? Within a few thousand years most of these animals were gone, probably the victims of overhunting.F In theory, the return of the big mamma 1 s would result in more diversity throughout the ecosystem. It wouldalso, the researchers suggest, bring tourists flocking to the Great Plains and provide an alternative income for people there. That may sound fanciful. But, as Mr Donlan 1 s paper points out, there are already some 77,000 large exotic mammals, most of them African or Asian species, roaming freely on private ranches in Texas and, in some cases, attracting paying customers. Exercise 2 SpeakingFor each of the following topics, you will have two minutes to prepare and then give a two-minute presentation.52、Exercise 3 WritingYou are expected to write at least 250 words about the following topic. 53、Some people believe that certain areas should remain undeveloped in their original states in order to protect the animals and plants there even though indigenous people live in poverty. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view?答案：Unit 1Part I1> D注意题⼲the following statements are true except,所以答案耍选⼀个错误的陈述。

基础知识练习三基础知识练习三一、单项选择题1.标准按照其发生作用的有效范围来划分层次，从世界范围来看分为：( )A.国际标准、国家标准、区域标准、专业团体标准和企业标准B.国际标准、国家标准、地方标准、专业团体标准和企业标准C.国际标准、区域标准、国家标准、专业团体标准和公司标准 国际标准、国家标准、地方标准、行业标准和公司标准[ [正确答案正确答案正确答案]]：C C2.我国目前将标准分为四级，其级别次序应为：( )A. 国家标准、区域标准、地方标准和公司标准B.国家标准、区域标准、地方标准和企业标准C.国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和公司标准 国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准[ [正确答案正确答案正确答案]]：D D3.平面三角形内角之和为180度是( )A.理论真值B.计量学约定的基本单位C.标准物质的相对真值D.以上都不对[ [正确答案正确答案正确答案]]：A A4.下列说法错误的是( )A.有效数字反映测定的准确程度,它的位数不可随意增减B.830修约到百位数的0.2单位是 840C.粗差又称过失误差,是超出在规定条件下预期的误差D.粗差又称过失误差,是超出在规定条件下预期的误差误差和偏差是两个不同的概念,误差是以多次的平均值为标准,偏差是以真值为标准[ [正确答案正确答案正确答案]]：D D5.（ ）当时的国民政府公布了《商品检验法》，这是中国第一部关于进出口商品检验的法律。

开创了中国对进出口商品实施法定检验的先河。

A.A. 1932年12月14日B.B. 1934年10月24日C.C. 1935年12月14日D.D. 1938年2月14日[正确答案正确答案]]：（：（ A A A ））二、英语单项选择题三、多项选择题1.为了不同的目的可以从不同的角度对标准进行分类，按照标准的性质可将标准分为 ( )A.技术标准B.产品标准C.管理标准D.工作标准[ [正确答案正确答案正确答案]]：ACD ACD2.关于鉴定价值，下列说法正确的是 ( )A.从理论上讲，鉴定价值≈正常成交价格≈市场价格B.鉴定价值可以是事实发生值，比如成交后再补充或修改鉴定结果C.鉴定价值与成交价格不同，说明鉴定价值有误D.对同样财产，不同的鉴定人员鉴定出的结果会有差异E.上述说法都不对[ [正确答案正确答案正确答案]]：AD AD3.《中华人民共和国标准化法》规定：强制性标准，必须执行。

Test 1Part I Listening Comprehension(1~15题每题1分，共15分)1.B2.A3.A4.C5.A6.A7.C8.C9.A 10.A11. numbers12. a key13. different colors14. scale15. in great detailPart II Vocabulary and Structure (16~25题每题0.5分，26~35题每题1分)16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. C26. illness27. valuable28. disagree29. had been30. crying 31. will have finished32. arguing33. being asked34. thinking35. pressurePart III Reading Comprehension (36~45题每题2分，46~60题每题1分，共35分)Task 136. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. CTask 241. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. BTask 346. Selection of Chief47. wide experience48. high production record49. automation50. “outstanding”Task 451. I, P 52. D, C 53. A, N 54. E, O 55. L, B Task 556. an associate copywriter57. Mass Communications58. Associate Editor59. CAD (Computer Aided Design)60. babysitter, house-cleanerPart IV Translation---English into Chinese (61~64题每题2分，65题12分，共20分)61. B 2分A 1分C 0.5分D 0分62. C 2分D 1分A 0.5分B 0分63. A 2分B 1分D 0.5分C 0分64. B 2分A 1分D 0.5分C 0分65. 电脑已经在很大程度上代替了打字机。