射线摄影胶片系统

计算机X射线成像系统(Computed Radiography,简称CR).——————————常用的医疗设备简称：CR：计算机X线摄影系统DR：数字X射线摄影系统DSA：数字减影血管造影设备CT：电子计算机X射线断层扫描系统ECT：发射单光子计算机断层扫描仪MRI：核磁共振成像系统CR ( Computed Radiography), 计算机X线摄影。

CR的工作原理：第一步、X线曝光使IP影像板产生图像潜影；第二步、将IP板送入激光扫描器内进行扫描，在扫描器中IP板的潜影被激化后转变成可见光，读取后转变成电子信号，传输至计算机将数字图像显示出来，也可打印出符合诊断要求的激光相片，或存入磁带、磁盘和光盘内保存。

CR系统结构相对简单，易于安装；IP影像板可适用于现有的X线机上，直接实现普通放射设备的数字化，提高了工作效率，为医院带来很大的社会效益和经济效益。

降低病人受照剂量，更安全。

CR对骨结构，关节软骨及软组织的显示明显优于传统的X 片成像；易于显示纵膈结构，如血管和气管；对肺结节性病变的检出率高于传统X线成像；在观察肠管积气、气腹和结石等含钙病变优于传统X线图像；用于胃肠双对比造影在显示胃小区，微小病变和肠粘膜皱襞上，CR（数字胃肠）优于传统X线图像。

DR( Digital Radiography), 数字化X 线摄影，系统由数字影像采集板(探测板，Flat Pannel Dector, 就其内部结构可分为CCD、非晶硅、非晶硒几种)、专用滤线器BUCKY数字图像获取控制X线摄影系统数字图像工作站构成。

其工作原理是在非晶硅影像板中，X线经荧光屏转变为可见光，再经TFT薄膜晶体电路按矩阵像素转换成电子信号，传输至计算机，通过监视器将图像显示出来，也可传输进入PACS网络。

DR 技术从X 线探测器成像原理可分为非直接转换和直接转换两类。

第一代非直接转换采用的增感屏加光学镜头耦合的CCD（电荷耦合器）来获取数字化X线图像。

中国数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）行业市场环境分析引言近年来，数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）在医疗领域的应用越来越广泛。

数字化X 射线摄影系统是一种用于获取和处理X射线图像的先进技术，它取代了传统的胶片摄影技术，具有更高的图像质量、更快的成像速度和更简便的操作流程。

本文将通过对数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场环境的分析，探讨市场规模、竞争格局、发展趋势等方面的情况，为相关企业和投资者提供参考。

市场规模数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场的规模在过去几年中持续增长。

据市场研究公司的数据显示，2019年全球数字化X射线摄影系统市场规模达到了XX亿美元，并预计在未来几年内将以X%的年均增长率继续增长。

这一增长的背后是多种因素的综合作用。

首先，数字化X射线摄影系统具有更高的图像质量和更快的成像速度，能够提高医疗诊断的准确性和效率，因此受到医疗机构和医生的青睐。

其次，随着人口老龄化问题的日益突出，医疗需求不断增加，推动了数字化X射线摄影系统市场的发展。

此外，技术的不断创新和产品的不断升级也为市场增长提供了动力。

竞争格局数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场存在较为激烈的竞争格局。

目前市场上主要的竞争者包括GE医疗、西门子、飞利浦等知名医疗设备制造商。

这些公司在产品技术、品牌影响力和售后服务等方面具有较为明显的优势。

此外，一些新兴企业也在数字化X射线摄影系统领域崭露头角。

它们通过技术创新、产品差异化等手段，提供与传统厂商不同的选择。

这种竞争给市场带来了新的活力，同时也为买家提供了更多选择。

发展趋势在未来几年，数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场有几个明显的发展趋势。

首先，随着人工智能技术的不断发展，数字化X射线摄影系统将更加智能化。

通过应用人工智能算法，可以实现自动诊断、辅助诊断等功能，提高医疗诊断的准确性和效率。

其次，移动数字化X射线摄影系统的应用将不断扩大。

移动数字化X射线摄影系统具有便携性强、操作简便等特点，可以在急救、灾难救援等场景中发挥重要作用。

DR机简介DR(Digital Radiography)，即直接数字化X射线摄影系统，是由电子暗盒、扫描控制器、系统控制器、影像监示器等组成，是直接将X线光子通过电子暗盒转换为数字化图像，是一种广义上的直接数字化X线摄影。

而狭义上的直接数字化摄影即DDR（DirectDigit Radi ography），通常指采用平板探测器的影像直接转换技术的数字放射摄影，是真正意义上的直接数字化X射线摄影系统。

DR与CR的共同点都是将X线影像信息转化为数字影像信息，其曝光宽容度相对于普通的增感屏-胶片系统体现出某些优势：CR和DR由于采用数字技术，动态范围广，都有很宽的曝光宽容度，因而允许照相中的技术误差，即使在一些曝光条件难以掌握的部位，也能获得很好的图像；CR和DR可以根据临床需要进行各种图像后处理，如各种图像滤波，窗宽窗位调节、放大漫游、图像拼接以及距离、面积、密度测量等丰富的功能，为影像诊断中的细节观察、前后对比、定量分析提供技术支持。

对两者的性能比较如下：1.成像原理：DR是一种X线直接转换技术，它利用硒作为X线检测器，成像环节少；CR是一种X线间接转换技术，它利用图像板作为X线检测器，成像环节相对于DR较多。

2.图像分辨率：DR系统无光学散射而引起的图像模糊，其清晰度主要由像素尺寸大小决定；CR系统由于自身的结构，在受到X线照射时，图像板中的磷粒子使X线存在着散射，引起潜像模糊；在判读潜像过程中，激光扫描仪的激发光在穿过图像板的深部时产生着散射，沿着路径形成受激荧光，使图像模糊，降低了图像分辨率，因此当前CR系统的不足之处主要为时间分辨率较差，不能满足动态器官和结构的显示。

3.DR是今后的发展方向，但就目前而言，DR电子暗盒的结构14 in×17 in(1 in=2.54 cm)由4块⒎5 in ×8 in 所组成，每块的接缝处由于工艺的限制不能做得没缝，且一旦其中一块损坏必将导致4块全部更换，不但费用昂贵，还需改装已有的X线机设备，而CR相对费用较低，且多台X线机可同时使用，无需改变现有设备。

数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场发展现状摘要本文通过对数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场进行综合分析，详细介绍了数字化X射线摄影系统的工作原理和应用领域，同时分析了全球数字化X射线摄影系统市场的发展现状。

通过对市场规模、竞争格局、市场驱动因素等进行深入剖析，为相关企业和投资者提供了有价值的参考和启示。

1. 引言数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）是通过将X射线照射到目标物上，并将所得到的图像转换成数字信号进行处理和显示的一种高精度成像技术。

相较于传统的胶片X射线摄影系统，DR系统具有更高的分辨率、更快的成像速度和更便捷的操作，因此在医疗影像、工业检测和安全领域得到了广泛应用。

2. 工作原理和应用领域数字化X射线摄影系统通过使用数字探测器将X射线转换成数字信号，并通过电子设备进行图像处理和显示。

这种系统可以实现实时成像、高分辨率和低剂量辐射。

在医疗影像领域，数字化X射线摄影系统广泛应用于骨骼、胸部和腹部的检查，可以提供更清晰的影像和更准确的诊断结果。

在工业检测领域，DR系统可用于缺陷检测、材料分析和产品质量控制等方面。

在安全领域，数字化X射线摄影系统可以应用于行李、货物和车辆的安全检查。

3. 市场规模根据市场研究公司的数据显示，全球数字化X射线摄影系统市场规模在过去几年持续增长。

该市场预计将在未来几年内保持稳定的增长趋势。

其中，医疗影像是数字化X射线摄影系统的主要应用领域，占据了市场份额的大部分。

4. 竞争格局全球数字化X射线摄影系统市场竞争激烈，主要厂商包括GE Healthcare、Siemens Healthineers和Philips Healthcare等。

这些公司在技术研发、产品创新和市场拓展方面具有较强的竞争力。

此外，新兴市场和地区也逐渐成为全球数字化X射线摄影系统市场的竞争焦点。

5. 市场驱动因素数字化X射线摄影系统市场发展的主要驱动因素包括医疗技术的进步、人口老龄化和医疗保健支出的增加等。

引言锐珂DRX-Evolution 是锐珂医疗开发的一套数字化X 射线摄影成像系统，是一款拥有高度自动化、可自由组合的精密X 射线设备[1]，其独特设计的多功能立式摄影架，可实现多角度、多方向运动，结合悬吊球管装置实现患者的全身所有部位的摄影需求。

大大提高了工作效率和患者的舒适度。

DR 是医学影像科重要的检查设备，其正常运转对于医院来说至关重要，DR 故障的发生对于医院正常诊疗任务的完成会产生较为关键的影响[2]，因此要求临床工程师有过硬的专业理论知识和丰富的实践经验，出现问题后反应迅速、维修及时，有效保障临床医疗的正常运转。

现将近几年对锐珂DRX-Evolution 的维修维护情况分类总结，故障类型大体分为三大类：硬件故障、软件故障、通讯问题。

本文分别对不同的故障进行分类[3]举例说明，并且介绍维修维护过程，供同行参考。

1 锐珂DRX-Evolution 的硬件故障硬件故障中大多是有硬件损坏导致的设备故障，还有些故障为硬件未损坏，由接触不良引起。

有些故障是由短路引起的，常常烧坏部分配件[4]，举例说明。

1.1 故障一1.1.1 故障现象只要设备彻底关机再开机后，进入曝光界面会提示无效SID ，机器不能曝光。

1.1.2 故障分析机器不能曝光，先提示胶片距离有问题，故不考虑高压故障，先解决前端问题。

考虑是OTC 、床还是胸片架的问题导致Room 校准数据出错，所以先做Room 校准。

完成校准后，逐一对床、胸片架和OTC 分别断电。

在对OTC 断电再开OTC 后又出现同样问题，由此判断是OTC 的Room 校准数据出现了问题。

1.1.3 故障排除过程OTC 的位置关系有XYZ 、A 角、B 角，出现问题后球管对准胸片架显示无效SID ，球管对准床面发现可以曝光，但是对床的高度显示不正确，确定问题是出在OTC 的Z 轴上。

维修时开始没有利用OTC 屏幕上的诊断工具，导致耗时较长，考虑彻底断电后出现问题认为是Room 校准数据储丢失。

数字化X射线摄影系统技术参数要求
一、设备名称及主要技术规格和要求(一)设备用途：完成门诊、急诊、住院部患者的全身各部位、各体位、各角度的全数字X射线摄影检查。

以满足医院临床和体检工作中的高级诊断需求。

(二)主要技术规格和要求主要技术及系统概述:
为保证产品的协同性，要求高压发生器以及平板探测器与整机为同一品牌1.高频高压发生器1.1.类型:高频高压发生器1.2.标称功率:＞48KW1.3.管电压范围:≥40～150KV1.4.最小管电流：≤10mA1.5.最大管电流：＞620mA1.6.最短曝光时间：≤1ms1.7.最小电流时间积：＜0.6mAs1.8.最大电流时间积＞620mAs★1.9逆变频率：≥200KHz★1.10可从软件直接调整高压发生器参数，集成X射线发生器控制界面2.平板探测器2.1.探测器类型：非晶硅整板无拼接★2.2闪烁体类型：碘化铯★2.3探测器尺寸：≥17×17英寸2.5.像素矩阵：＞3070×30702.6.有效像素：≥940万★2.7.像素尺寸：＜140μm2.8.空间分辨率：＞3.5LP/mm(无衰减体模)2.9.A/D转换位数：≥14bits★2.10预览时间：＜3s2.11成像时间：＜5s★3.球管组件(进口品牌）★3.1.旋转阳极热容量：≥300KHU3.2.焦点尺寸：小焦点≤0.6mm；大焦点≤1.2mm★3.3.焦点功率：大焦点≥76KW；小焦点≥31KW★3.4阳极旋转速度：＞10500rpm3.5旋转阳极散热率：≥60000HU/min3.6固有滤过：0.7mmAL@75kv4.球管立柱支架★4.1.球管组件绕水平轴旋转角度：不小于±180°4.2.球管组件升降范围：＞1100mm4.3.立柱纵向移动范围：＞1650mm4.4.双操作模式：机头大尺寸彩色触摸屏与检查室主控台实时联动；实现近台控制和隔室控制曝光参数等；同时在彩色触摸屏和主控台上实时显示投照体位示意图，操作便捷、效率更高。

Mammography SolutionAMULET Innovality with measurement information.Main specificationsStandard componentsLasting smiles for women worldwide I n n o v a t i o n a n d q u a l i t y i n m a m m o g r a p h yAMULET Innovality – the result of Fujifilm’s ongoing “innovation” and commitmentto providing top “quality” mammography services. The Innovality utilises Fujifilm’sunique a-Se direct conversion flat panel detector (FPD)* to produce clear imageswith a low X-ray dose. This system makes use of intelligent AEC (i-AEC) combinedwith a image analysis technology to automatically adjust the X-ray dosage for eachbreast type. AMULET Innovality is a highly advanced mammography system whichoffers an extremely fast image interval of just 15 seconds. With this system, Fujifilmfurthers the provision of high quality examinations with superior image quality.*Using a HCP (Hexagonal Close Pattern) TFT array.With its mammography solutions Fujifilm hopes to be an “Amulet” — always there to protect women’s healthOrigin of the nameand allow them to be true to themselves, vibrant and beautiful. The AMULET series aims to provide top-classdigital mammography solutions that can be customised to meet every sites needs.AMULET Innovality hexagonal pixelConventional square pixelThis low-noise and high-speed switching technology allows tomosynthesis exposures with a low X-ray dosage and short acquisition time to be performed. Fast image display is also possible, realizing a smooth mammography workflow from exposure to image display.ISC – Adjusted contrast andlow X-ray dose using a Tungsten Target*Based on Image analysis the appearance is adjusted to emulate the image quality with the simulated “optimal” spectrum.Unique detector for fast, low dose examinationsAMULET Innovality employs a direct-conversion flat panel detector made of Amorphous Selenium (a-Se) which exhibits excellent conversion efficiency in the mammographic X-ray spectrum. The HCP (Hexagonal Close Pattern) detector efficiently collects electrical signals converted from X-rays to realize both high resolution and low noise. This unique design makes it possible to realize a higher DQE (Detective Quantum Efficiency) than with the square pixel array of conventional TFT panels. With the information collected by the HCP detector, AMULET Innovality creates high definition images with a pixel size of 50 μm; the finest available with a direct-conversion detector.Image-based Spectrum Conversion* (ISC) technology can be used to adjust contrast in an image. ISC analyzes images to compensate for variations in contrast due to the density of mammary glands, amount of fat and X-ray spectrum. ISC aims to ensure that images display adequate contrast even with the use of a high energy, low-dose X-ray beam.This technology allows sites that previously exploited the superior contrast of a Molybdenum target to realize the dose advantages offered by the use of Tungsten without having to compromise image contrast.DYN II – Provides high contrast image without saturation in breast regionDynamic Visualization II (DYN II) provides consistent appropriate density of glandular andadipose tissue in each breast type, so the contrast of thick breast and dense breast is improved. Furthermore, it provides high contrast with no saturation in breast region, so the sites are possible to set high contrast parameter.Fujifilm’s unique TechnologySolution to support diagnosis1Close-up (Pixel size 50μm)Unique detector for fast, low dose examinationsIntelligent AEC has advantages in defining the appropriate dose for an examination compared to conventional AEC systems where the sensor position is fixed.Through the analysis of information obtained from low- dose preshot images, Intelligent AEC makes it possible to consider the mammary gland density (breast type) when defining the x-ray energy and level of dose required.Able to be used even in the presence of implants; intelligent AEC enables more accurate calculation of exposureparameters than is possible with conventional AEC systems. By allowing the use of automatic exposure for the implanted breast, Intelligent AEC can further enhance examinationworkflow.Breast areaMammary gland areaConventional AECManual sensor AECRequires manual adjustment of thesetting based on the assured location of mammary glandAutomatic sensor AECAutomatically selects the appropriate sensor from the pre-shot imagesBThe information shown on the displayat the base of the exposure unit can be switched between patientinformation (ID, name, date of birth, etc.) and positioning information (angle of swivel arm, compression force and breast thickness). Positioning information can also be confirmed on the display on the compression arm.A BAAWSHigh definition second monitor• Integrated X-ray controller allows setting and confirmation of exposure conditions on a single screen.• Examination screen can be split and switched between 1, 2, or 4 image display.• Individual images can be immediately output to a PACS, viewer or printer during an examination.• Density and contrast can be easily adjusted while viewing images.• Alignment of left and right images can be adjusted both automatically and manually.• A second, high resolution monitor can be added to the AWS making it possible to display previous images recalled from a PACS to ensure the mammographer has access to previous images at all times.• For Tomosynthesis, reconstructed images can be displayed.Optimal examination workflowHigh definition second monitor (3M/5M: Optional)*When an iodine-based contrast agent is usedWith one compression, it continuously performs low tubevoltage (low energy) imaging close to the ordinary mammo- graphy imaging and high tube voltage (high energy) imaging with a Cu filter, and automatically generates and displays a subtraction image of the obtained images.This subtraction image constitutes an image emphasizing specific tissues.Low energy image High energy imageEnergysubtraction imageAs information for doctors to classify the breast morequantitatively, calculation in the mammary gland area was added to the "mammary gland volume measurementfunction" that automatically calculates the mammary gland volume in the breast area from a mammography image. This mammary gland volume measurement in the breast area/mammary gland area can also be calculated with Tomosynthesis images.Breast Density MeasurementPatient information display7 supported languages1232D mammography image Excellent-m 3DX-ray tubeTomosynthesisHigh quality images for easier diagnosis2In the process of reconstructing the 3D breastarchitecture from multiple 2D images, calcification,mass, spicula, mammary gland and other signalsthat emerge from different depths in the breastarchitecture are selected off to reproduce the breastarchitecture at the focus depth with greater fidelity.2. Suppressing interference of human bodyarchitectures at different depths(as illustrated on the right)The image patterns are recognized to selectivelysuppress the patterns that do not exist in humanbody architectures as noise, to reduce distractivenoises in the event of low-dose tomography.1. Reducing graininess of image inlow-dose tomography*Standard FBP (Filtered back-Projection)The tomosynthesis iterative super-resolution reconstruction (ISR) methodis applied to optimize image quality, achieving significant X-ray dosagereduction.Our super-resolution technology is introduced torestore the fine-structure of calcification and otherphenomena, the visibility of which is impaired bythe movement of the X-ray tube, to facilitateinterpretation of tomosynthesis images.3. Restoring the fine-structureIn breast tomosynthesis, the X-ray tube moves throughan arc while acquiring a series of low-dose X-ray images.The images taken from different angles are reconstructedinto a range of Tomosynthesis slices where the structureof interest is always in focus.The reconstructed tomographic images make it easier toidentify lesions which might be difficult to visualize inroutine mammography because of the presence ofoverlapping breast structures.The Tomosynthesis function on AMULET Innovality issuitable for a wide range of uses, offering two modes tocater for various clinical scenarios. Standard (ST) modecombines rapid exposure timing and efficient workflowwith a low X-ray dose while High Resolution (HR) modemakes it possible to produce images with an even higherlevel of detail, allowing the region of interest to bebrought into clearer focus.Tomosynthesis: making it possible to observethe internal structure of the breastISR ( Iterative Super Reconstruction)Offers significantly lower doses than the conventional methodRadiationdose(mGy)12Conventional processingDose reduced byapprox. 30With combination of 2D and TomosynthesisDose of 2 or less mGy is available*2*1: Equivalent to an image of 40 mm PMMA compared with previous images(Breast thickness of 45 mm, 50% mammary gland, 50% fat)*2: IAEA guidance level: 3 mGy, guidelines of the Japan Association ofRadiological Technicians: 2 mGy*In-house comparisonStatic face guard for Tomosynthesis imaging[Face Guard Comfort (898Y200541)]Fixing the face guard to the device instead of the tube part eliminates movement of the face guard during Tomosynthesis imaging. It will not be reflected at any angle of the ST mode (15 degrees) or HR mode (40 degrees). It can also be used as-is for normal mammography imaging.TomosynthesisHigh quality images for easier diagnosis2Shortens the imaging cycle with a fast display and reconstructionTwo modes suitable for a range of clinical purposesDepth resolutionAdditional imaging for complete checkup,grasping morphology, etc.With a larger acquisition angle the depth resolution is improved. This allows the region of interest to be defined more clearly and brought into clearer focus.HR (High Resolution) mode•Acquisition angle: ±20° •Pixel size: 100/50 μmCheck-up, screening, follow-up, etc.The smaller angular range and fast image acquisition allow Tomosynthesis scans to be quickly performed with a relatively low X-ray dose.ST (Standard) mode•Acquisition angle: ±7.5° •Pixel size: 100/150 μmDepth resolutionAfter a shot, the next shot in either 2D or 3D can be started with a cycle time of approx. 15 seconds.In the case of ST mode*Varies depending on the type and thickness of the breast*2D imaging Cycle timeDisplaying projected imageDisplays 2D imageDisplaying reconstructed imageDisplays projected image immediately after Tomo imagingDisplays 2D imageimmediately after 2D imagingDisplays reconstructed image immediately after Tomo imagingStarts the next shotTomosynthesis imagingapprox.4 secondsapprox.3 secondsapprox.15 secondsStarts a shotStarts positioningAccessoriesVariable image resolution for different needsThe system is designed to support flexible positioning of tube and detector, from -90°to +90°. Ergonomically designed arm rests and disposable soft pads ensure patient comfort and safe positioning.Biopsy – 50 µm image solution(FDR-2000BPY)Irradiation field size can be easily adjusted, depending on breast size and procedure needs. Convenient spacers can be used in order to perform needle positioning in extremely thin breasts, too.AEC full automatic function is available for both scout (2D) and Tomosynthesis exposures.Prior images and studies can be viewed during biopsy, to further improve accuracy.Thanks to the adapter, needle positioning can be performed both vertically and laterally. Accessing to the compressed breast in two directions ensures precise targeting of lesions whichmight be in a difficult position.Both CNB/FNB/Hook wire and VAB needles can be used in a wide range of sizes, for various models and manufacturers.Lateral approach (898Y101490)Supports a variety of needleRefer to technical specifications and to local representatives for further information.+90°-90°69cm(minimum)Both Tomosynthesis and stereotactic support for needle positioningThe highest image quality and workflow efficiencyfor interventional proceduresAdvanced Biopsy SystemSupports a variety of approach for patients3Targeting is supported using both tomosynthesis and stereoscopic images: the choice depends on operator confidence and lesion positioning. Tomosynthesisacquisition can be performed in both ST (Standard) and HR (High Resolution) modes, according to desired accuracy and lesion size.Using a tomosynthesis image, it makes it possible to target the lesion which cannot be found on 2D image.Thanks to easier lesion position identification, tomosynthesis targeting results in a more efficient workflow and more simple operation.ST: ±7.5°HR: ±20°2D imageReconstructed images show overlapping structures separately Tomosynthesis BiopsyEasier to locate a target than with the conventional methodOverlapping breast structures make lesions less visible Difficult to identify a particular regionStereo imagingTomosynthesis50μmAccessoriesAccessoriesAMULET HarmonyEasy operation and patient comfort4Shift Compression PaddleThis small compression paddle can be positioned in the middle, right or left side of the detector at any time of examination according to the positioning of the patient.When this compression paddle is used with 18 24 cm radiation field, the radiation field remains in the center for the CC position, while shifting to the upper portion of the detector when the C-arm is rotated to a MLO or ML position.18 24cm24 30cmWarm indirect lighting is used to illuminate the exposure stand, helping patients to relax and allowing examinations to be performed with minimal stress.AMULET Harmony incorporates a range of mammography solutions specifically designed to maintain a harmonious examination environment and foster an atmosphere of trust between mammographers and their patients.This type of compression paddle fits to the shape of the breast, allowing pressure to be evenly applied while holding the breast securely andensuring the breast tissue is adequately separated. Models with the lateral shift function are also available in the lineup.Fit Sweet Paddle(401Y100131, 401Y120033, 401Y200001, 401Y100130)Mood lighting to ease patient anxietyFive different stand labels are available to add a gentle ambience. Each site can choose a stand appearance that best suits theexamination environment, thus relieving patient stress and anxiety.Decorative labels adaptable to each room environmentThis function will reduce the compressionpressure within a range (within + 3 mm) in which the thickness of the breast does not change after normal breast compression is completed for the purpose of alleviating the patient's pain. For breast compression, there is a phenomenon (hysteresis*) where the thickness of the breast becomes thinner during decompression after compression than during compression even with the same pressure. By utilizing this phenomenon, it is possible to automatically decompress it so that the breast condition remains almost the same even if the duration of maximum compression pressure is reduced.* Hysteresis: A phenomenon where the state of a substance or system depends on the course of force added in the past.L. Han, M. Burcher, and J.A. Novle. Non-invasive Measurement of Biomechanical Properties of in vivo Soft Tissues. MICCAI 2002, LNCS 2488, pp. 208-215, 2002.Automatic decompression ONX-ray irradiationBreast thicknessRetentionDecompression (compression release)ConventionalConventionalComfort Comp29kV 44mAs 0.83mGy33mm 102N 29kV 44mAs 0.83mGy34mm 62.8N120N 60NCompression forceCompression (positioning)DecompressionAutomatic compression reduction control (Comfort Comp)(401Y120038, 401Y120046, 401Y200001)(401Y120025, 401Y100124)AccessoriesAccessoriesAccessories。

DR数字化X射线摄影系统操作规程
一、每班开机前要了解当时电压及周围用电规律；低于或超过380伏电压标准10%即停止工作，不能强行使用；机器必须配备稳压器及电压表提供数据参考，要时刻注意机器的运行电压。

相关部门因为检修停电必须事先通知影像科。

二、所有操作人员必须具备相关专业知识，必须培训熟练员工上岗－持证上岗，操作人员必须仔细阅读说明书，熟练掌握设备原理和操作方法，对于新进员工必须经过认真传帮带，达到对DR机熟练操作，其他人员禁止使用本机。

三、每天要定时对电脑进行重启或关闭，以保证电脑随时处于正常开机状态；严格开、关机制度。

四、操作者必须熟悉所从事工作的全体流程：即登记、投照前的病人准备、投照位置及条件的选择、胶片的扫描与处置、报告的书写、审核与发送。

所有详细步骤参考有关条款执行。

五、每天按时做好各种数据的登记、汇总，对于操作中出现的任何问题，都要按程序逐级上报；一旦出现大的机器故障，可直接报告科主任、设备科，并联系厂家及时维修。

六、严禁在操作台附近吃含削碎及喝各种饮料及抽烟，防止杂物、饮料及烟灰进入键盘。

七、严禁病毒入侵，禁止外来硬盘、U盘插入工作机器。

DR简介DR(Digital Radiography)，即直接数字化X射线摄影系统，是由电子暗盒、扫描控制器、系统控制器、影像监示器等组成，是直接将X线光子通过电子暗盒转换为数字化图像，是一种广义上的直接数字化X线摄影。

而狭义上的直接数字化摄影即DDR（DirectDigit Radi ography），通常指采用平板探测器的影像直接转换技术的数字放射摄影，是真正意义上的直接数字化X射线摄影系统。

DR与CR的共同点都是将X线影像信息转化为数字影像信息，其曝光宽容度相对于普通的增感屏-胶片系统体现出某些优势：CR和DR由于采用数字技术，动态范围广，都有很宽的曝光宽容度，因而允许照相中的技术误差，即使在一些曝光条件难以掌握的部位，也能获得很好的图像；CR和DR可以根据临床需要进行各种图像后处理，如各种图像滤波，窗宽窗位调节、放大漫游、图像拼接以及距离、面积、密度测量等丰富的功能，为影像诊断中的细节观察、前后对比、定量分析提供技术支持。

对两者的性能比较如下：1.成像原理：DR是一种X线直接转换技术，它利用硒作为X线检测器，成像环节少；CR是一种X线间接转换技术，它利用图像板作为X线检测器，成像环节相对于DR较多。

2.图像分辨率：DR系统无光学散射而引起的图像模糊，其清晰度主要由像素尺寸大小决定；CR系统由于自身的结构，在受到X线照射时，图像板中的磷粒子使X线存在着散射，引起潜像模糊；在判读潜像过程中，激光扫描仪的激发光在穿过图像板的深部时产生着散射，沿着路径形成受激荧光，使图像模糊，降低了图像分辨率，因此当前CR系统的不足之处主要为时间分辨率较差，不能满足动态器官和结构的显示。

3.DR是今后的发展方向，但就目前而言，DR电子暗盒的结构14 in×17 in(1 in=2.54 cm)由4块⒎5 in ×8in 所组成，每块的接缝处由于工艺的限制不能做得没缝，且一旦其中一块损坏必将导致4块全部更换，不但费用昂贵，还需改装已有的X线机设备，而CR相对费用较低，且多台X线机可同时使用，无需改变现有设备。

2024年数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场规模分析引言数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）是医学影像领域的一项重要技术，它通过数字图像传感器取代传统的X射线胶片，实现了影像数字化和快速成像。

本文将对数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）的市场规模进行分析，并探讨其市场发展趋势和前景。

数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场规模数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场规模是指该市场在特定时间内的总体销售额或销售数量。

根据市场调研数据，数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场规模在过去几年稳步增长，并有望继续保持增长趋势。

市场规模分析1.区域市场规模–北美地区是数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场最大的地区，其成熟的医疗体系和技术创新推动了该地区的市场需求。

–欧洲市场也具有较大的市场规模，其医疗设施普遍采用数字化X 射线摄影系统（DR），并且不断更新和升级旧设备。

–亚太地区是数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场增长最快的地区之一，其不断增长的医疗行业和人口老龄化趋势驱动了数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）的需求增加。

2.产品类型市场规模–定位于大型医疗机构的数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）产品在市场上占据了较大的份额，这些机构通常需要高性能和高分辨率的设备来满足复杂的医学影像需求。

–同时，小型和便携式数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）产品也在市场上获得了广泛的应用，尤其是在偏远地区、紧急救援场景和移动医疗单位中。

3.市场竞争分析–数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）市场竞争激烈，市场上存在多家知名厂商，如GE Healthcare、Siemens Healthineers、Philips Healthcare等。

–厂商之间通过不断推出技术创新和产品升级来提高市场份额，并在价格、服务和销售渠道等方面展开竞争。

市场发展趋势和前景1.技术进步促进市场增长–随着数字化技术的不断发展，数字化X射线摄影系统（DR）的成像质量和效率不断提升，满足了医学影像诊断的需求，进一步推动了市场的发展。